Agnimantha is an important ingredient in the Dashamool formulation. It is used to treat vata disorders, inflammation, neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, piles, constipation, and more. Chemically, it contains compounds like betulin, ganiarine, and premnaspirodiene. It has bitter, pungent, and astringent tastes. Pharmacologically, it has hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties. The leaves, roots, and root bark are used in doses of 1-3 grams as powder or 50-100 ml as decoction.
Ayurveda strongly believes in using drugs with particular tastes in treating diseases. This presentation will help you understand the basics of rasa and its applied aspects in planning treatment protocol.
For student of Rasa shastra it is important to be well versed with the knowledge of Paribhasa i.e definitions. As paribhasa itself is vast subject, an attempt is made by these series of presentations to bring the knowledge easily available to learners.
Ayurveda strongly believes in using drugs with particular tastes in treating diseases. This presentation will help you understand the basics of rasa and its applied aspects in planning treatment protocol.
For student of Rasa shastra it is important to be well versed with the knowledge of Paribhasa i.e definitions. As paribhasa itself is vast subject, an attempt is made by these series of presentations to bring the knowledge easily available to learners.
the ppt gives detailed knowledge of Karma that are described in Ayurveda Dravyaguna (Ayurvedic Materia medica) it is useful to treat the patients by Ayurvedic way.
the concept of virya gives the knowledge of potency of drugs it is well explained by Virya. the action of the drugs depends on the potency presents in it.
Rasa shastra is a most important and popular branch of Ayurveda It deals with the knowledge related to alchemy( Lohavedh) and Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics specially connected to the drugs of mineral origin with a view to remove poverty from the world and to strengthen the body and also to prevent their ageing process. History of Rasa Shastra can be traced in pre vedic period where metals are successfully employed in treatment of various diseases. Its development was rapid after Lord Buddha and the influence of the philosophy of Ahimsa. This was the era when Rasa Shastra flourished tremendously. It was recognized as a medical science with an independent philosophical background in 14th century, by Madhavacharya in his book Sarva Darsana Samgraha. Considering the importance of this discipline in Ayurvedic therapeutics and the fact that there is dearth of comprehensive review on the subject an attempt has been made in this review to provide a brief but all encompassing coverage of different aspects related to it. Dr. Gajendra Kumar Sahu | Dr. Kavita | Dr. S.M.Parhate | K. S Karbhal"Chronological Development of Rasa Shastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15761.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/15761/chronological-development-of-rasa-shastra/dr-gajendra-kumar-sahu
Dravyaguna PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 2nd BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Latin Name ,Useful part ,Type of plant –Tree or herb or creeper ,Description of leaves ,Product Picture of Plant
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
in ayurvedic pharmacology some drugs have action according to their aura. this aura treat patients in various aspects eg wearing of jems and different stones
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
Sandhana kalpana is the preparation of self generated alcohol. All the preparations that are resulting from FERMENTATION procedure come under SANDHANA KALPANA.
Sandhana kalpana is a special technique to prepare most effective medicines like Asava and Aristas. The medicines prepared through Sandhana kriya are quick in action, long shelf life, palatability and has nutritive value.The self-generated alcohol is the key factor behind the success of Sandhana kalpana.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Dravyaguna Vignyan Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Dravyagun IMP Schlok - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Definitions of Dravya, Guna, Karma, Veerya, Prabhav ;What is Nighantu, Properties of Panchabhautik Dravyas ;Functions of 6 Tastes, Explanation of different karmas like Sanshodhan & Shaman ;Definitions of Charak Mahakashay ;Mishrak gan
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
the ppt gives detailed knowledge of Karma that are described in Ayurveda Dravyaguna (Ayurvedic Materia medica) it is useful to treat the patients by Ayurvedic way.
the concept of virya gives the knowledge of potency of drugs it is well explained by Virya. the action of the drugs depends on the potency presents in it.
Rasa shastra is a most important and popular branch of Ayurveda It deals with the knowledge related to alchemy( Lohavedh) and Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics specially connected to the drugs of mineral origin with a view to remove poverty from the world and to strengthen the body and also to prevent their ageing process. History of Rasa Shastra can be traced in pre vedic period where metals are successfully employed in treatment of various diseases. Its development was rapid after Lord Buddha and the influence of the philosophy of Ahimsa. This was the era when Rasa Shastra flourished tremendously. It was recognized as a medical science with an independent philosophical background in 14th century, by Madhavacharya in his book Sarva Darsana Samgraha. Considering the importance of this discipline in Ayurvedic therapeutics and the fact that there is dearth of comprehensive review on the subject an attempt has been made in this review to provide a brief but all encompassing coverage of different aspects related to it. Dr. Gajendra Kumar Sahu | Dr. Kavita | Dr. S.M.Parhate | K. S Karbhal"Chronological Development of Rasa Shastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15761.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/15761/chronological-development-of-rasa-shastra/dr-gajendra-kumar-sahu
Dravyaguna PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 2nd BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Latin Name ,Useful part ,Type of plant –Tree or herb or creeper ,Description of leaves ,Product Picture of Plant
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
in ayurvedic pharmacology some drugs have action according to their aura. this aura treat patients in various aspects eg wearing of jems and different stones
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
Sandhana kalpana is the preparation of self generated alcohol. All the preparations that are resulting from FERMENTATION procedure come under SANDHANA KALPANA.
Sandhana kalpana is a special technique to prepare most effective medicines like Asava and Aristas. The medicines prepared through Sandhana kriya are quick in action, long shelf life, palatability and has nutritive value.The self-generated alcohol is the key factor behind the success of Sandhana kalpana.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Dravyaguna Vignyan Syllabus PPT ( CCIM 2012 ) -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on New Syllabus of CCIM ,implemented from 2012 .This is like ATP – Advanced Teaching programme of that particular subject .Very useful for Teachers & Students of Ayurved college .Student can recite this syllabus ,which can boost up their confidence to get success in that subject .Teachers & students can download this PPT in their smart phone ,to keep eye on their subject goal .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Dravyagun IMP Schlok - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Definitions of Dravya, Guna, Karma, Veerya, Prabhav ;What is Nighantu, Properties of Panchabhautik Dravyas ;Functions of 6 Tastes, Explanation of different karmas like Sanshodhan & Shaman ;Definitions of Charak Mahakashay ;Mishrak gan
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Medicinal plants are considered as a rich resources of ingredients which can be used in drug development. More than 30% of the entire plant species, at one time or other were used for medicinal purposes. It has been estimated that in developed countries like United States, plant drugs constitute as much as 25% of the total drugs, while in fast developing countries like India and China the contribution is as much as 80%. These countries provide two third of the plants used in modern system of medicine and the health care system of rural population depend on indigenous systems of medicine. Most of the drugs are considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects.
To Cure Heart Related Problems and issues, By the god grace we can use natural herbs those are readily available as a calculated mixture in the form of vedic yagya havan samagri. Apnakarma is helping people to avail natural treatment by herbs and natural ingredients.
www.apnakarma.com
To Cure common cold and fever, By the god grace we can use natural herbs those are readily available as a calculated mixture in the form of vedic yagya havan samagri. Apnakarma is helping people to avail natural treatment by herbs and natural ingredients.
www.apnakarma.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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1. Agnimantha
अग्निंमध्नाग्िदीपनत्वाि्अग्नमन्थ: ।
By friction of two sticks it yields sparks
AGNI = FIRE.
MANTHA = CHURNING.
Its Wood Pieces Was Rubbed With Each Other To Generate Fire
In Ancient Times.
Presented by:
Dr.Deepak Verma
BAMS MD DIP.Y&P
Lecturer Dravyaguna
DAC,jalandhar
2. INTRODUCTION
Agnimantha or botanically Premna mucronata is an important ingrediant
of dashmool plants . dashmool has two subcategories brihat panchmoola
and laghu panchmoola . agnimanth is included under brihat panchmool
.all these plants have anti – rheumatic ,anti – inflammatory and analgesic
properties. Agnimantha is used in the treatment of all vata disorders ,
inflammatory disoredrs , neuralgia , rheumatoid arthritis , anemia,
piles,constipation , common cold and loss of appetite. It is also used in
eruptive fevers which include infections like scarlet fever , measles ,
small pox , varioloid eruptions , and erysipelas.
4. Botanical synonyms and other species :
Premna serratofolia
• Premna mucronata
• Premna obtusifolia
• Premna corymbosa
DISTRIBUTION :
INDIA ( BENGAL , BIHAR , MADHYA
PRADESH )
5. • अग्निमन्थो जयः स स्यात् Jhपर्णी गग्नर्णकारिका ।
जया जयन्ति तकाािी नादेयी वैजयन्तिका ।।
( भाव प्रकाश )
6. ELABORATION OF SANSKRIT
SYNONYMS :-
It has inflorescence projecting like banner = Ganikarika
• Its leaf is very beautiful= Sreeparni
• Due to its Gunadhikya it brings a good opinion among the
people = Tarakari
• It grows in the banks of river =Nadeeja or Nadeyi
• Due to its smell = Patragandhi
• It overcomes many disorders = Jaya
7. • गणेसमूहेभवाप्रसरन्तिचगग्णकाररका।
It grows along with other plants in a group
•
लैग्ककीसिंज्ञािकाारी।
Many people after doing tarka considered it as
good one
•
वैजयन्तिकापिाके वइग्ि।
It overcomes many disorder like shotha, pandu
•
नद्ािंभवानादेयी।
It grows on the river bank
8. CLASSICAL
CATEGORIZATION
CHARAKA- VAGBHATTA- SUSHRUTA-
Shothahara – Anti
inflammatory group
of herbs
Viratarvadi, Varunadi Viratavadi, Varunadi,
Vatasamsamana,Brihat
panchamool
Sheetaprashamana –
group of herbs to
relieve cold
Anuvasanopaya –
group of herbs useful
in Oil Basti (enema)
9. PREMNA MUCRONATA
CHEMICAL CONSTITNUENTS –
B- sitosterol, Luteolin, (leaves); aphelandrine,
Premnine, Betulin, Ganiarine, Ganikarine,
Caryophellen, Premnenol, Premnaspirodiene
etc.
(Reference: Illustrated Dravyaguna Vijnana, Vol.
II, by Dr JLN Shastry)
11. MEDICINAL QUALITIES:
RASA
(TASTE)-
GUNA
(QUALITI
ES
VIPAKA- VEERYA- EFFECT
ON TRID
OSHA –
Part Used
–
Tikta
(bitter),
Katu
(pungent),
Kashaya
(astringent)
, Madhura
(Sweet)
– Laghu
(lightness),
Rooksha
(dry)
Katu –
Undergoes
pungent
taste
conversion
after
digestion
Ushna –
Hot
potency
Balances
Vata and
Kapha
Root bark,
leaf
Powder 1-
3 g
Deccoction
50-100ml
leaf juice
10-20ml in
divided
dose, per
day.
14. (A)APPEARNCE (B) YOUNG FRUITS (C) FLOWER BUDS (D) LEAF (E)
ROOTS AND (F) GEO-GRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION MAP
15. Morphological Description:-
1. Small tree.
2. The branches =spiny;
3. Bark= thin, pale and exfoliating;
4. Wood = light ibrown and scented;
5. Leaves = ovate or ovate-oblong, long-acuminate,
Base rounded, blade 7-15 cm long; petiole 2.5 cm
long.
6. Fruit = A globose drupe, green when young, dark
at maturity, 3.5-4.5 mm in diameter. The mature
trees start flowering in april and fruiting in may &
june.
16. FLORAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Flowers = Terminal,
corymbose, trichotomous
panicles and are whitish in
colour.
• Calyx= Comprised of 4 or 5
sepals, with rounded and
nearly equal teeth.
• Corolla= Lobes are equal or
bilabiate, upper lip retuse or
emarginate, lower lip of 3
equal lobes and throat closed
with white hairs.
17. TYPES OF AGNIMANTHA
1. अग्नमन्थ ( Premna mucronata or Premna
integrifolia )
2. िकाारी ( Clerodendrum phlomidis )
• अग्नमन्थ को बडी अिर्णी या अगेथू कहिे हैं ।
• िकाारी को टेकाि या छोटी अिर्णी कहिे हैं ।
18. Clerodendrum phlomidis
• A large bushy shrub.
• Leaves : ovate –sinuate or
serrate , pubescent
beneath .
• Flowers : in 3-9 flowered
axillary cymes , white
coloured , fragrant , borne
in a terminal , rounded
ponicle .
• Fruit : black , slightly
succulent
20. कमा
अग्निमन्थः श्वयथुनुव्दीयोष्णः कफवातहय्त् ।
पाण्डुनुत्कर्णकटुकग्नपत्तकिुविो मधुिो अग्निदः ।।
• ( Bhavaprakasa Nighantu, Guducyadi – Varga , 24 )
दोषकमा – कफवािशामक
संस्थाग्ननक कमा –
बाह्यकमा – उष्ण होने से शोथहर और वेदनास्थापन ।
आभ्यििकमा –
• नाडीसंस्थान – यह नाग़्ियोिं के ग्लए शामक और वेदनास्थापन है ।
• पाचनसंस्थान – यह उष्ण होने से दीपन , पाचन , अनुलोमन है ।
• िक्तवहसंस्थान – यह रक्तशोधक , ह्रदयोत्तेजक , शोथहर ।
• श्वसनसंस्थान – यह कफघ्न है ।
• मूत्रवहसंस्थान – यह प्रमेहघ्न ।
• त्वचा – यह त्वगदोषोिं को दू र करिा है ।
21. आमग्नयक प्रयोग
1. ज्विोत्ति दौबाल्य औि पाण्डु – पत्र स्वरस िथा छाल का क्वाथ देिे हैं ।
2. त्वक् ग्नवकाि – अग्नमन्थ के मूल का कल्क सेवन करािे
हैं ।
3. प्रमेह ग्नवशेषतः वसामेह औि पूयमेह - अग्नमन्थ के मूल
का क्वाथ ।
4. शोथ औि पीडा होने पि - अग्नमन्थ की पग्त्तयोिं को गमा कर बािंधिे हैं ।
5. स्थूलता – अग्नमन्थ पत्र स्वरस देिे हैं ।
6. उदिशोथ – अग्नमन्थ क्षार के साथ जल उबालकर , ठिं डा करके ग्पलाना है ।
7. अशा – अग्नमन्थ पत्र क्वाथ में अशा पीग़्िि व्यन्तक्त को बैठाने से वेदनाशाि होिी
है ।
22. Used part and dosages
1. प्रयोज्य अंग – पत्र , मूलत्वक
2. मात्रा – चूणा ( 1-3 grams)
स्वरस ( 10 – 20 ml )
क्वाथ ( 50 – 100 grams )
3. ग्नवग्नशष्ट योग – दशमूल िैल
दशमूल क्वाथ
दशमूलाररष्ट
23. Research
• Limited studies show it might be helpful in
lessening symptoms of angina and in enhancing
athletic performance. There have also been
some studies that show some benefit to people
with certain sexual problems and to those
suffering from infertil tribulus has been known
to interact with certain medications. Do not take
if you are taking heart and blood
pressure medicines.
• It may also increase the effect that steroids
have on your body.
24. Cont.....
• Pharmacologically, it has been reported to
have activities such as hepatoprotective
(vadivu et al., 2009),
• Immunomodulatory, cardiac stimulant,
antibacterial, cytotoxic, antiarthritic, anti-
inflammatory (biradi and hullatti, 2013),
• Anti-diabetic (mujumder et al., 2014),
• Anti-oxidant (mali et al., 2014),
• Anti-obesity and used in treatment of tumors
(cragg and newman, 2005).