Lesson 3 Conquest of Africa
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1) Europeans initially traded with West African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali for gold and other resources. However, the relationship shifted to one of enslavement as Europeans began capturing and forcibly transporting Africans across the Atlantic (known as the Middle Passage). 2) The Atlantic slave trade lasted from the 1500s to the 1800s. After it ended, European powers still sought to control Africa for its land and resources, dividing the continent among themselves through colonization. 3) The slave trade had devastating impacts on Africa, including depopulation as its healthiest people were taken, the halting of social and economic progress, and lasting effects from the division and rule of European colonial powers.
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This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a lecture on West African trading empires between 790-1600 CE. It discusses the rise and fall of several major empires, including Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Benin, and how the trans-Saharan gold-salt trade led to the growth of cities and spread of Islam. It also examines how increased demand for slaves in the 1500s due to European colonization of the Americas led to the devastation of the African slave trade.
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African Colonization Timeline
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Africa South Sahara
The document provides a timeline of key events and developments in African history from 2.5 million BCE to the colonial period. Some of the earliest developments included stone tools being developed in Ethiopia and Tanzania between 2.5-0.4 million BCE. Later developments included shell jewelry in South Africa at 75,000 BCE, mathematical artifacts in Congo at 25,000 BCE, and domestication of crops like sorghum and barley between 15,000-7000 BCE. The colonial period saw European powers like Belgium exploiting resources in Africa and instituting apartheid in South Africa through the 20th century.
Imperialism in Africa
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The african slave_trade
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African Colonization Timeline
European colonization of Africa began in the late 15th century and continued into the late 19th century. Key events included Portugal helping Ethiopia fight Arab invaders in 1542; Britain beginning the slave trade in Africa in 1562; Angola becoming a Portuguese colony in 1570; Holland and France becoming involved in the slave trade in the 17th century; and Britain, France, Portugal, and other European powers establishing colonies, trading posts, and influence over various African kingdoms and empires throughout this period. By the late 19th century, most of Africa was under formal European colonial control or influence.
Africa South Sahara
The document provides a timeline of key events and developments in African history from 2.5 million BCE to the colonial period. Some of the earliest developments included stone tools being developed in Ethiopia and Tanzania between 2.5-0.4 million BCE. Later developments included shell jewelry in South Africa at 75,000 BCE, mathematical artifacts in Congo at 25,000 BCE, and domestication of crops like sorghum and barley between 15,000-7000 BCE. The colonial period saw European powers like Belgium exploiting resources in Africa and instituting apartheid in South Africa through the 20th century.
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European nations scrambled to colonize Africa in the late 19th century over fears of missing out on the continent's raw materials. At the 1884 Berlin Conference, European powers divided up Africa without African representation and agreed to claim territories by establishing outposts. By 1914, Europe had colonized over 90% of Africa, exploiting its resources and altering African societies, though Ethiopia and Liberia maintained independence through military resistance.
The scramble for africa1
The document discusses the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century as European imperial powers colonized the continent. Key events included David Livingstone and Henry Stanley's exploration of central Africa, King Leopold II of Belgium claiming the Congo Free State, and the Berlin Conference formalizing the process of European colonization. In southern Africa, the British fought wars against the Zulu kingdom and Boer settlers. Technological advantages and the ideology of social Darwinism helped Europeans dominate militarily and seize control of African territories.
Atlantic slave trade
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24.2 the partition of africa
European powers claimed control over most of Africa by the end of the 1800s through exploration, missionary work, and imperialism. Explorers like Livingstone penetrated Africa's interior, missionaries established schools and clinics, and paternalistic attitudes viewed Africans as children. At the Berlin Conference in 1884, European powers divided Africa without African representation. By 1914, they had split the continent among themselves, often disregarding ethnic groups. Resistance occurred but Europeans largely exploited African lands and peoples due to military superiority.
The mad scramble for africa
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Pros and Cons of Imperialism: East Africa
The document discusses the pros and cons of imperialism in East Africa. Some positives included the introduction of agriculture, education, transportation, and healthcare infrastructure. However, negatives involved the loss of independence of East African states, the exploitation and displacement of native peoples, and the arbitrary drawing of boundaries that divided tribes. Overall, imperialism had both benefits like ending slavery but also harms through economic and political domination of European powers.
24.1 building overseas empires
Western nations expanded their imperial control aggressively in the late 1800s for several reasons:
1) Their economies were strengthened by the Industrial Revolution which provided resources and technology to fuel expansion.
2) They sought new markets, raw materials, and naval bases to continue economic growth.
3) Nationalism and competition with other imperial powers drove expansionism.
4) Western military technology, organized governments, and transport advantages overpowered local resistance.
Scramble for Africa
In the late 19th century, European nations engaged in the "Scramble for Africa", competing to colonize the continent. Explorers like Livingstone and Stanley generated interest in Africa. Figures like Rhodes and Leopold helped facilitate the European occupation and division of African lands. By 1914, most of Africa was under European control, with Britain and France possessing the most territory. Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent African nations at this time.
European colonization of africa
The document summarizes the European colonization of Africa from initial contact in the 16th century through independence in the mid-20th century. It discusses how Europeans initially engaged in slave trade on the coasts but did not explore the interior of Africa until the late 19th century, when the "Scramble for Africa" led to the continent being divided and occupied by European colonial powers at the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference. This colonization had both benefits like infrastructure development and negatives like economic exploitation and oppression, leaving Africa divided and dependent after independence was achieved in the mid-1900s.
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The document outlines the timeline of European involvement in Africa from the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference where European powers divided up Africa, to the role of explorers, traders, and Christian missionaries in the 19th century who paved the way for imperialism. It then discusses the period of formal European colonial rule from 1870-1898 where they established political and economic control over African territories and implemented systems of administration. The document also notes both perceived benefits and negative impacts of the European colonial system in Africa.
Imperialism scramble for africa
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Africa South Sahara
The document provides a timeline of key events and developments in African history from 2.5 million BCE to the early 2000s CE. It notes some of the earliest stone tools were found in Ethiopia dating back 2.5 million years, and discusses the domestication of crops like sorghum and barley in Nubia and Ethiopia around 15,000 BCE. It also summarizes the rise of important kingdoms and empires in Africa like the Kingdom of Aksum in northeastern Africa in the 1st century CE, Great Zimbabwe between the 11th to 15th centuries, and the impact of colonialism and apartheid in later centuries.
World History - The partition of africa
1) In the late 1800s, European powers scrambled to colonize Africa following conferences that divided the continent among them without African input.
2) King Leopold of Belgium privately exploited the Congo for rubber and ivory, brutally oppressing the local people.
3) By the early 1900s, Europe had colonized almost all of Africa, extracting its wealth and reshaping politics, with the exception of Ethiopia which maintained its independence by modernizing its military.
Transatlantic slave trade
The document discusses the origins and impacts of the transatlantic slave trade. It began in the late 15th century as European powers colonized the Americas and established sugar plantations there. They imported enslaved Africans to work on these plantations, resulting in 10-15 million Africans being taken as slaves until the 1860s. The slave trade generated huge profits that helped make Britain a wealthy industrial power. After Britain abolished slavery in 1833, it paid compensation to slave owners that totaled over £17 billion in today's money, benefiting wealthy elites and impacting British society. The document examines how this history of slavery and its profits are still impacting communities today.
Slavery
The two documents summarize the political, economic, and social impacts of the slave trade on three West African kingdoms - Benin, Kongo, and Asante - from the 15th to 19th centuries. Initially, the slave trade increased the power of rulers by providing guns and wealth, but over time it led to civil wars, corruption, and the decline and fall of the kingdoms as European influence grew and the slave trade disrupted traditional power structures.
European exploration and colonization
This document summarizes early European exploration and colonization efforts beginning in the 15th century. It discusses key explorers like Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, and their voyages of discovery. It also outlines the conquests of the Aztec and Incan empires by the Spanish, led by conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro. Furthermore, it examines the establishment of European colonies in the Americas and the devastating impacts on indigenous populations, including the trans-Atlantic slave trade that transported over 10 million Africans to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Slave trade powerpoint
The document describes three economic zones in the Atlantic system: settler colonies, plantations, and Spanish mainland and mixed farming. It focuses on plantations in the Caribbean, which grew cash crops like sugar using slave labor from Africa under brutal conditions. Around 15-20 million Africans were enslaved and transported across the deadly Atlantic, impacting power dynamics in Africa as coastal tribes gained status through the slave trade. New world crops also increased populations in Africa over the long term.
Africa: South of the Sahara History
Early Africans were hunter-gatherers who began herding livestock and migrating south as the climate dried. Around 3000 BC, the Bantu people began a migration from Nigeria that lasted thousands of years, spreading Bantu languages, culture, and farming techniques across central and southern Africa. Several major West African empires rose along the trans-Saharan trade routes, including Ghana, Mali, and Axum in Ethiopia, gaining wealth through trade and controlling salt, gold, and other resources. Europeans began trading with Africa in the 1400s-1500s and later established colonies to extract natural resources, drastically changing the region and increasing the slave trade, though African rulers had previously engaged in slavery. Most African nations
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Atlantic slave trade
The document discusses the origins and impacts of the Atlantic slave trade. It began with African kingdoms practicing slavery for centuries before Europeans greatly increased demand. Slaves were transported in horrific conditions on ships to the Americas to work plantations growing cash crops like sugar. An estimated 11 million Africans were enslaved, with millions dying during the Middle Passage. The slave trade profoundly disrupted African societies and economies while fueling plantation economies in the Americas through centuries of slave labor.
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade
West Africa contained many powerful kingdoms and societies between 1400-1800, including Benin, Songhai, Hausaland, and Kanem-Bornu. These traded extensively through trans-Saharan routes and with Europeans via sea. The slave trade disrupted African development, with over 12 million slaves taken to the Americas and 6 million to Asia. The impacts of this population loss were immense and contributed to later European colonization. Ethiopia resisted Muslim incursions while Swahili city-states engaged in Indian Ocean trade until the Portuguese intervened militarily in the 16th century.
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
West Africa from 1400-1800 saw the rise and fall of several major kingdoms and societies, including the Kingdom of Benin, the Songhai Empire, Hausaland, and the Kanem-Bornu Empire. These societies participated extensively in trans-Saharan trade but also engaged in slave trading, first within Africa and later in the transatlantic slave trade. The transatlantic slave trade had a devastating impact on African populations and societies, resulting in over 12 million Africans being taken abroad as slaves and millions more being forced to relocate within Africa. This massive loss of populations disrupted African cultures, development, and economies.
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24.2 the partition of africa
European powers claimed control over most of Africa by the end of the 1800s through exploration, missionary work, and imperialism. Explorers like Livingstone penetrated Africa's interior, missionaries established schools and clinics, and paternalistic attitudes viewed Africans as children. At the Berlin Conference in 1884, European powers divided Africa without African representation. By 1914, they had split the continent among themselves, often disregarding ethnic groups. Resistance occurred but Europeans largely exploited African lands and peoples due to military superiority.
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24.1 building overseas empires
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1) Their economies were strengthened by the Industrial Revolution which provided resources and technology to fuel expansion.
2) They sought new markets, raw materials, and naval bases to continue economic growth.
3) Nationalism and competition with other imperial powers drove expansionism.
4) Western military technology, organized governments, and transport advantages overpowered local resistance.
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In the late 19th century, European nations engaged in the "Scramble for Africa", competing to colonize the continent. Explorers like Livingstone and Stanley generated interest in Africa. Figures like Rhodes and Leopold helped facilitate the European occupation and division of African lands. By 1914, most of Africa was under European control, with Britain and France possessing the most territory. Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent African nations at this time.
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1) In the late 1800s, European powers scrambled to colonize Africa following conferences that divided the continent among them without African input.
2) King Leopold of Belgium privately exploited the Congo for rubber and ivory, brutally oppressing the local people.
3) By the early 1900s, Europe had colonized almost all of Africa, extracting its wealth and reshaping politics, with the exception of Ethiopia which maintained its independence by modernizing its military.
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Slave trade powerpoint
The document describes three economic zones in the Atlantic system: settler colonies, plantations, and Spanish mainland and mixed farming. It focuses on plantations in the Caribbean, which grew cash crops like sugar using slave labor from Africa under brutal conditions. Around 15-20 million Africans were enslaved and transported across the deadly Atlantic, impacting power dynamics in Africa as coastal tribes gained status through the slave trade. New world crops also increased populations in Africa over the long term.
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Early Africans were hunter-gatherers who began herding livestock and migrating south as the climate dried. Around 3000 BC, the Bantu people began a migration from Nigeria that lasted thousands of years, spreading Bantu languages, culture, and farming techniques across central and southern Africa. Several major West African empires rose along the trans-Saharan trade routes, including Ghana, Mali, and Axum in Ethiopia, gaining wealth through trade and controlling salt, gold, and other resources. Europeans began trading with Africa in the 1400s-1500s and later established colonies to extract natural resources, drastically changing the region and increasing the slave trade, though African rulers had previously engaged in slavery. Most African nations
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Atlantic slave trade
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West Africa contained many powerful kingdoms and societies between 1400-1800, including Benin, Songhai, Hausaland, and Kanem-Bornu. These traded extensively through trans-Saharan routes and with Europeans via sea. The slave trade disrupted African development, with over 12 million slaves taken to the Americas and 6 million to Asia. The impacts of this population loss were immense and contributed to later European colonization. Ethiopia resisted Muslim incursions while Swahili city-states engaged in Indian Ocean trade until the Portuguese intervened militarily in the 16th century.
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West Africa from 1400-1800 saw the rise and fall of several major kingdoms and societies, including the Kingdom of Benin, the Songhai Empire, Hausaland, and the Kanem-Bornu Empire. These societies participated extensively in trans-Saharan trade but also engaged in slave trading, first within Africa and later in the transatlantic slave trade. The transatlantic slave trade had a devastating impact on African populations and societies, resulting in over 12 million Africans being taken abroad as slaves and millions more being forced to relocate within Africa. This massive loss of populations disrupted African cultures, development, and economies.
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1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
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Spain began settling the Caribbean islands in the 15th century and conquered the Aztec and Inca empires in mainland America. They went on to establish a vast empire stretching from Canada to Tierra del Fuego. Seeking an alternative trade route to Asia, Spain explored Africa, Asia, and the Americas, establishing global links and trading gold, silver, spices, and other goods. This contact produced the Columbian Exchange and led to Europe dominating most of the world in the Age of Imperialism.
European partitioning across africa
Europeans first colonized parts of Africa in the 16th century to establish ports for trade. Over subsequent centuries, European powers increased their control and exploitation of Africa through the slave trade, imperialism seeking Africa's natural resources, and nationalism/competition between European nations. At the 1884 Berlin Conference, European powers arbitrarily divided Africa among themselves without African representation and ignored cultural/political boundaries, laying the foundation for ongoing ethnic conflicts. Colonial rule oppressed Africans through forced labor and cash crops until independence movements in the mid-20th century.
African slave trade
As major European powers sought to exploit the fertile lands of the New World, they turned to Africa for a steady supply of labor. The demand for sugar and other crops on plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean created a huge demand for slave labor from Africa. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately sent to the Americas between 1450-1850 as the slave trade expanded and plantations proliferated, though the conditions of the Middle Passage were horrific, with around 20% of slaves dying during the voyage. The slave trade had profound cultural and economic impacts on both Africa and the Americas.
African slave trade
As European demand for sugar and other crops from the Americas increased, they established vast plantations that required immense amounts of labor. They turned to Africa to meet this need, launching the transatlantic slave trade between the 15th-18th centuries where they forcibly transported over 12 million Africans to the Americas to work on these plantations under horrific conditions. The establishment of the plantations and slave trade had profound social and economic impacts throughout Africa, the Americas, and Europe for centuries.
African history
This document provides a brief history of Africa, covering early civilizations like those in Olduvai Gorge and Ghana, the Bantu migrations, trans-Saharan trade routes, the rise and fall of empires like Mali, the Atlantic slave trade, European colonization in the late 19th century, and independence movements and struggles against apartheid in the 20th century. It outlines key events, discoveries, migrations, trade networks, and political changes over the course of African history.
Scramble3
The document discusses European imperialism in Africa from the late 1800s to early 1900s. It describes how European powers scrambled to claim African territory driven by economic, political, and cultural motives. New technologies and the Berlin Conference facilitated the partition of Africa among European nations with little regard for local peoples and boundaries. African resistance was substantial, including the Zulu, Ethiopia who defeated the Italians, and leaders like Samory Toure who fought the French for years. Overall, Europeans largely dominated politically through military might but faced resistance from determined African groups.
World History Ch. 16 Section 4 Notes
The Atlantic slave trade originated between the 1500s and 1800s when millions of Africans were captured and sold as slaves in the Americas. Enslaved Africans endured horrific conditions during the Middle Passage voyage, where up to 20% died chained in cramped quarters. Many slaves ended up working brutal conditions on plantations throughout the Americas. Over 400 years, the slave trade devastated societies in West Africa by taking future leaders and dividing Africans, while also profoundly enriching economies in the colonies through forced labor.
Exploration and expansion
The document discusses the exploration and expansion of Western Europe during the 1400s and 1500s. Driven by desires for wealth, glory, and spreading religion, European explorers utilized new ship and navigation technologies to sail to previously unknown lands. Major European powers like England, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal established colonies in lands they explored and conquered, often violently subjugating indigenous peoples. This led to new patterns of global trade, the exchange of goods and diseases between Europe, Africa and the Americas, and the rise of capitalism and economic systems like mercantilism. It also discusses the horrific Atlantic slave trade that captured and sold millions of Africans as slaves to work plantations in the Americas between the 1500s and 1800
Early explorations and the way forward.ppt
The document discusses the exploration and expansion of Western Europe during the 1400s and 1500s. Driven by desires for wealth, glory, and spreading religion, European explorers embarked on voyages of discovery aided by advances in shipbuilding and navigation technologies. This led to the establishment of European colonies in lands like North America, as well as the violent conquest of indigenous peoples. It resulted in the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas. The creation of colonies also established new patterns of trade and the economic system of mercantilism. Between the 1500s-1800s, millions of Africans were captured and sold into slavery, establishing the brutal Atlantic slave trade.
Scramble for Africa
Africa was divided amongst ethnic and linguistic groups prior to European colonization. Europeans initially only colonized coastal areas due to threats of disease, difficult river travel, and African military resistance. The "Scramble for Africa" in the late 19th century saw European powers rapidly divide and conquer Africa between 1870-1918. No African kings were involved in the Berlin Conference that divided the continent among European nations.
Us history # 4
This document provides an overview of the history of slavery in the New World between the 15th and 18th centuries. It discusses the origins and mechanics of the transatlantic slave trade, the development of plantation economies dependent on slave labor in the Caribbean and Americas, and the evolution of slavery and racial ideologies over time. Key points covered include the triangular trade route, the growth of the sugar and tobacco industries, differences between northern and southern slavery, and the increasing racialization of slavery in the 17th-18th centuries.
Slaveryupdated new
The document provides information about the political, economic, and social systems of three West African kingdoms - Asante, Benin, and Congo - prior to and during the slave trade. It notes that Asante had an absolute monarch called the Asantehene and centralized power. Benin also had an absolute monarch called the Uzama and independent city-states. Congo was led by an absolute monarch called the ManiKongo who claimed divine right. All three kingdoms engaged in the slave trade to varying degrees in exchange for guns and other goods, which increased their power but ultimately contributed to their decline as the slave trade ended in the 1800s.
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Lesson 3 Conquest of Africa
- 1. Lesson 3 Bellringer: Why would Europe want to conquer Africa?
- 2. Review • Kingdoms • Empires • City-States
- 6. Door of No Return
- 8. Atlantic Slave Trade • The Atlantic slave trade began in the 1500's – At first, Europe traded with the Northern kingdoms of Ghana and Mali for gold and salt – After the 1500's, the relationship changed • Started as trade between equals • It turned into enslavement and forced migration (movement)
- 9. Atlantic Slave Trade • The slave trade ended in the 1800's, but Europe remained in Africa until recently – Wanted their resources – Divided up the continent
- 10. European Desire • Portuguese explorers began exploring Africa in the 1400’s – Trade directly with Africa – Technology in sailing
- 11. Power Shift • At first they traded as equals – Gold, ivory, metal, pepper, c opper, brass, and clothing – Spread Christianity • Soon the trade balance shifted – Portuguese sailors sailed around the tip of Africa to East Africa and seized the city-states – Controlled the trade along the East African coast
- 12. The Rest of Europe Joins • The Dutch, French, and English soon followed; set up trading posts along the coasts – Settlers moved in – Spread out by force – Poor relations with Africans
- 13. Slavery in Africa • Atlantic Slave Trade – Slavery occurred in Africa before the slave trade, but under much different circumstances • All civilizations had slavery • Africans would enslave those they defeated in battle • Most slaves were freed
- 14. A New Kind of Slavery • Europeans developed a new type of slavery – Treated slaves like property – Race-based slavery – Took them away from their homeland – No freedom
- 15. Slavery Grows • Demand for slavery increased as European countries set up colonies in North and South America – Needed workers on plantations – Hard to escape when you don’t know where you are – 78,000 each year
- 16. Tragedy • Horrors of slavery – Captured Africans were branded with hot irons – Laid side by side, stacked in ships with little food or water • Many died during this voyage, the Middle Passage • Effects of Slavery – Loss of an entire generation from West Africa – Halted progress • Lost youngest, healthiest people • Skilled workers
- 17. End of Slavery • After the slave trade ended, the horror didn’t stop for Africa – Europe raided Africa for its resources – Built empires – Used force and weapons to take over Africa
- 18. Problems for Africa • European countries met and decided how they would divide up Africa, or colonize it, settle an area and take over the government – Europe gained power by encouraging African groups to fight with each other – Took the best land to farm for themselves – Drew new political boundaries which divided ethnic groups and forced differing groups together • Caused conflict later
- 19. Slave Narrative Primary account of Middle Passage by Olaudah Equiano.
- 20. Exit Card What were some of the effects of slavery?
- 21. Timeline – In pairs, make a timeline of African history to this point – Use notes – No dates required, just put events in chronological order