Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
High organic loaded wastes and wastewater creates environmental pollution. The textile wastewater is a serious environmental challenge faced by Bangladesh textile sub sector. The textile wastewater contains organic compounds and synthetic chemicals. Certain chemicals which are used in the textile industry cause environmental or health problems. Due to presence of chemicals, it cause instance allergic skin reaction or even cause cancer. Environmental degradation by the industrial sector is a matter of serious concern in Bangladesh. Textile processing industries is one of the most important industries of Bangladesh with regard to production, export and labor force employment. The major raw material for textile processing is grey fabric and most of materials consist of cotton and blended fabric. Textile processing employs a variety of chemicals depending on the nature of raw material and products such as; enzymes, detergents, dyes, acids, soda and salt. The textile wastewater is a highly polluted in terms of organic matter and suspended matter such as fibers, grease and chemicals. The textile wastewater is usually hot and alkaline with strong smell and color due to use of chemicals dyes. Studies reveled that wastewater from textile industry is highly toxic and has inhibitory effects on an activated sludge and nitrification.
Biological treatments rely on bacteria, nematodes, or other small organisms to break down organic wastes using normal cellular processes. Wastewater typically contains a buffet of organic matter, such as garbage, wastes, and partially digested foods. It also may contain pathogenic organisms, heavy metals, and toxins.
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
Phytorid Wastewater Treatment Technology- Decentralised & Ecosystem Based ...Nitin Kumar
Phytorid Wastewater Treatment Technology involves a constructed wetland exclusively designed for the treatment of municipal, urban, agricultural and industrial wastewater.
Presentation prepared for the course 'Sanitary Engineering' in Civil Engineering
L13 -SECONDARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGE OXIDATION PONDS.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
High organic loaded wastes and wastewater creates environmental pollution. The textile wastewater is a serious environmental challenge faced by Bangladesh textile sub sector. The textile wastewater contains organic compounds and synthetic chemicals. Certain chemicals which are used in the textile industry cause environmental or health problems. Due to presence of chemicals, it cause instance allergic skin reaction or even cause cancer. Environmental degradation by the industrial sector is a matter of serious concern in Bangladesh. Textile processing industries is one of the most important industries of Bangladesh with regard to production, export and labor force employment. The major raw material for textile processing is grey fabric and most of materials consist of cotton and blended fabric. Textile processing employs a variety of chemicals depending on the nature of raw material and products such as; enzymes, detergents, dyes, acids, soda and salt. The textile wastewater is a highly polluted in terms of organic matter and suspended matter such as fibers, grease and chemicals. The textile wastewater is usually hot and alkaline with strong smell and color due to use of chemicals dyes. Studies reveled that wastewater from textile industry is highly toxic and has inhibitory effects on an activated sludge and nitrification.
Biological treatments rely on bacteria, nematodes, or other small organisms to break down organic wastes using normal cellular processes. Wastewater typically contains a buffet of organic matter, such as garbage, wastes, and partially digested foods. It also may contain pathogenic organisms, heavy metals, and toxins.
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
Phytorid Wastewater Treatment Technology- Decentralised & Ecosystem Based ...Nitin Kumar
Phytorid Wastewater Treatment Technology involves a constructed wetland exclusively designed for the treatment of municipal, urban, agricultural and industrial wastewater.
Presentation prepared for the course 'Sanitary Engineering' in Civil Engineering
L13 -SECONDARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGE OXIDATION PONDS.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Over 50% of the population in India defecates directly in the environment....Bio-Toilets is the best way to improve sanitation and it is eco friendly...
Use of biotechnology in the treatment of municipal wastes and hazardousindust...Sijo A
Industrial waste water is a type of waste water produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines.
It is characterised by its large volume, high temperature, high concentration of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids, high alkanity or acidity and by variations of flow.
The treatment of wastes by micro-organisms is called biological waste treatment.
Biological Waste water Treatment Fundamentals and Recent developmentin Nutrie...PremBaboo4
A type of treatment that uses substances made from living organisms to treat waste and waste water. These substances may occur naturally in the body or may be made in the laboratory. Biological treatment is the sustainable treatment of waste. Biological treatment is an attractive and useful technology that results in the complete conversion of organic compounds into less harmful end products such as CO2 and H2O. It is considered low-cost and environmentally friendly compared to physical or chemical methods for removing contaminants without any harmful chemicals. The biological waste management technologies include composting, incineration, landfill, anaerobic digestion, and bioconversion to produce biofuels, i.e., bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, methane production etc.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. ENBIOLET……..WORKING PRINCIPLE:
ENBIOLET is a Biological toilet system in which the Human Waste, the fecal matter is
converted into non toxic neutral water and traces of CO2 within a purposefully built
patented bio digester tank by the action of multi strain aerobic bacterial culture. The
water thus generated is disinfected before it leaves the bio-digester tank and reaches the
environment.
UNIQUENESS OF AEROBIC BIO-TOILET:
100% treatment of solid human waste, as per SBM guidelines 2014;
Odor free and does not produce any foul smell;
Completely Environment & user friendly as it does not emits Methane & Hydrogen
sulphide gas;
Uses multi strain aerobic bacterial culture to clean human waste;
Water positive solution as it generates neutral water;
Prevents soil pollution from open feces discharge;
Preserves ground water quality caused by leaching of human waste;
Controls the spread of fecal transmitted diseases: diarrhea , amoebic dysentery,
cholera, etc.
3. COMPOSITION OF HUMAN FECAL MATTER
Utilized by bacteria to obtain
energy:
C+O2 CO2+ energy
2H+1/2O2 H2O + energy
CO2(Traces) & H2O released
Utilized by bacteria:
Nitrogen forms major
component of DNA of
new forming bacteria;
P, Ca & Sulphur are
used as micronutrients
4. THE TECHNOLOGY:
Bacteria, like all living things, require food for growth. Human solid waste provides a
good source of readily available food to them.
Aerobic bacteria digests the solid waste containing organic matter like carbon, nitrogen,
hydrogen, etc for obtaining energy.
The end product of the process is carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Solid waste in bio digester tank
(Contains carbon, nitrogen,
hydrogen and organic matter)
AEROBIC BACTERIAL
DIGESTION
Production of Carbon di oxide,
Water & Energy
ENERGY
Utilized by BacteriaNew bacterial cells REPRODUCTION
7. TECHNICAL FEATURES OF BIO-MEDIA:
Multi strain bacterial mixture;
Consists of aerobic & facultative bacteria's: able to grow under aerobic
(presence of O2) as well as anaerobic (absence of
O2)conditions but mostly prefer to grow
rapidly in an aerobic environment;
Aerobic respiration generates more energy (in form of ATPs) as compared
to anaerobic respiration;
Can form endospore in stressed condition and revive to vegetative state
on getting favorable environmental condition(food, water, O2)
Endospore can survive up to 2 years under controlled condition;
10. THERE ARE BASICALLY TWO TYPES OF BIO TOILETS
BASED ON TECHNOLOGY USAGE:
1.Aerobic Bio-Toilet: involves the aerobic bacteria which feeds
upon the fecal matter inside the tank, under aerobic bio digestion
process and finally degrades the matter into neutral water and traces
of CO2.
2.Anaerobic Bio-Toilet: involves the anaerobic bacteria which
feeds upon the fecal matter inside the tank, through an anaerobic
process which finally releases methane gas and treated water.
12. Aerobic bio-toilets uses multi strain aerobic bacterial culture where as anaerobic
biological toilet uses single strain bacteria culture.
Anaerobic bio digestion is extremely slow process while aerobic digestion
completes within 24hours;
Aerobic bio digestion generates neutral water & only traces of CO2. Anaerobic bio
digestion generates large volumes of Methane, which is a greenhouse gas and
emission is banned globally.
Anaerobic bio digestion generates huge volumes of sludge as digestion is not
complete while no sludge remains from aerobic bio digestion;
Aerobic Bio toilets require a very small volume of bacterial culture for charging
while half of the tank of anaerobic bio toilet needs to be filled with bacteria.
Aerobic Bio digester tank size is nearly half in size of Anaerobic tank.
Aerobic bacteria is freely available in nature; easy to propagate and store.
13. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AEROBIC BIOTOILET AND
SEPTIC TANK SYSTEM:
SL.NO SEPTIC TANK SYSTEM AEROBIC BIOTOILET
1. The wastes in the septic tank are not
digested and it seeps into the ground; may
contaminate ground water leading to an
epidemic.
The wastes from the toilet are digested by the
bio media resulting in neutral water and gas.
2. Large floor area required almost twice that
of the Bio digester tank
Less floor space required as the Bio digester
tank is small in size.
3. Septic tank requires excavation, cementing,
curing, partitioning, etc. So, it is a labour
intensive and time consuming process and
installation is slow. Its permanent structure.
The Bio digester tank can be placed on the
ground, so no digging or foundation required,
so installation is fast and also portable in
nature.
4. This system requires periodic sludge
removal which may lead to waste spillage
on the ground resulting in unhygienic
conditions and diseases.
This system requires less maintenance and does
not require periodic sludge removal as the
wastes are converted into water.
14. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AEROBIC BIOTOILET AND
LEACH PIT SYSTEM:
SL.NO LEACH PIT SYSTEM AEROBIC BIOTOILET
1. A large ground area is required to construct
a Pit away from the toilet;
Very little ground area is required, as there is a
single Bio digester Tank, which is constructed
below the toilet room;
2. Needs to be evacuated every three years
and there are chances of overflow.
Does not need evacuation as the solid wastes
are converted to water;
3. A pit once filled up requires a rest period of
2-3 years before it can be desludged; a new
pit have to be dug again-wastage of land
and resources ;
No rest period is required in EnbioletTM
, as the
digestion process is a continuous ongoing
process and starts in 3 hours
4. The sludge has to be removed manually or
mechanically, which may come in contact
with the people handling the waste, it is
unhygienic and may cause diseases.
No sludge removal, so no chances of people
coming in contact with wastes. So it is much
more hygienic and safe.
5. To prevent pollution of drinking water
sources, the pit should be 3 to 10 meters
from the water source. This is a health
hazard and requires idle stretches of land.
No chances of pollution of drinking water
sources from the Bio digester Tank, as the
effluent is non contaminating and non
pathogenic.
15. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AEROBIC BIOTOILET AND
COMPOSTING TOILETS:
SL.NO COMPOSTING TOILETS AEROBIC BIOTOILET
1. Originally conceived as waterless systems, composting
toilets have no water seal incorporated and have been
reported to have foul odour and flies;
All Enbiolet installations are water-sealed and therefore
effectively control the spread of odour and vectors
2. Composting toilets have effluent accumulation at the base
of the unit in the evaporation chamber which is often a
mix of both fecal sludge and bulking materials releasing
foul odour;
As a sealed system, the water-seal and vent pipe integrated
into the design of the tank of most units control the passage of
flies and insects and controls odour.
3. Wastewater overflows outside the compost tray; No overflow of liquid occurs. The effluent water originates after
the solids undergo bacterial digestion in the first chamber
and gets discharged from last chamber.
4. Users are required to pour bulking material after each
defecation, rotate the handle & monitor daily.
Its difficult to handle rotation, frequent emptying and user
numbers is limited to 1-4 people.
Regular cleaning and periodic maintenance is required for
Enbiolet, especially weekly Bio-media charging & fortnight
disinfection. User no. ranges from 20-30 times usage per day
5. It is suggested for compost removal at the end of 6 months
of regular use but rapid filling up of drum contents and
liquid overflow outside the digester in less than 2 months,
leads to the emptying/cleaning of drum contents rapidly;
Enbiolet technology is free of producing compost and promotes
solid waste reduction.
16. ACCREDATIONS:
• Technology approved by Ministry of Science & Technology,
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation;
• Technology endorsed by Swachh Bharat Mission Urban
guidelines 2014;
• Technology partner with Rotary International for
implementing “WASH” in school projects;
• Also features in Ministry of Drinking water & Sanitation
website;
• CII Smart City approved Technology for Solid waste
management;
• Featured as validated sanitation Technology on website of
Ministry of Urban Development;
19. Community Biotoilet- Kerala
Ganga Sagar Fair Shrawani Mela, Deoghar
Uttarakhand Boys toilet block at Rotary School,
Rampara Medica Specialty Hospital EM Bypasss
Hazaribagh & Lohardanga
Digha Beach, W.B
Executive
Executive Sleek
Barmer, Rajasthan World Vision, Eco Park, New Ongole Station
Delhi Development Authority Park
World Vision,
Deluxe
Biotoilet at L & T construction
site