Over 50% of the population in India defecates directly in the environment....Bio-Toilets is the best way to improve sanitation and it is eco friendly...
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Bio-Toilet is a complete waste management solution which reduces solid human waste to biogas and pure water, with the help of a bacterial inoculum.
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It explains the below topics
• Wastewater Pollutants/Impact
• Physical, Chemical, Biological Unit Operations
• Types & Effects of Pollution
• Biological Treatment Variants
• Pros and Cons
At last the SlideShare details on the Important Acts and rules related to Environmental Protection.
Check the link below for details
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/water-workshop-for-apartments-report/
presented at Workshop on Knowledge transfer and capacity building for
water and sanitation services in Asia and the Pacific, 17‐19 February 2009
Bangkok, Thailand
By Ms. ANITA JHA
Sr. Vice President
Sulabh International Social Service Organisation
New Delhi, India
100% sludge – Free disposal of human waste. Eco-Friendly - Decomposes solid waste to water and biogas.
Bio-Toilet is a complete waste management solution which reduces solid human waste to biogas and pure water, with the help of a bacterial inoculum.
This SlideShare is about Sewage Treatment Plants in Residential Complexes presented by Dr.Ananth S Kodavasal, Ecotech engineering in "Estate Manager Workshop-II" conducted by ApartmentADDA on 18th Nov 2010 in Bangalore.
It explains the below topics
• Wastewater Pollutants/Impact
• Physical, Chemical, Biological Unit Operations
• Types & Effects of Pollution
• Biological Treatment Variants
• Pros and Cons
At last the SlideShare details on the Important Acts and rules related to Environmental Protection.
Check the link below for details
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/water-workshop-for-apartments-report/
presented at Workshop on Knowledge transfer and capacity building for
water and sanitation services in Asia and the Pacific, 17‐19 February 2009
Bangkok, Thailand
By Ms. ANITA JHA
Sr. Vice President
Sulabh International Social Service Organisation
New Delhi, India
This slide is being prepared basically for the educational purposes.
Prepared by Phurba Tamang, Asst. Lecturer in Jigme Namgyel Engineering College. Royal University of Bhutan.
Several references were being made and faults if any would remain my own.
this presentation is only about water borne diseases and incomplete now.. contains 12 slides..
its second part will be published soon..
then it will be full fledged..
03 - Computation of organic waste loads on stream, Streater Phelps equation.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
disinfection, method of disinfection, form in which chlorine can be applied, requirement of good disinfectant , chlorine chemistry, effect of ph , temperature , contact time in chlorination, germicidal efficiency of chlorine, by products during chlorination.
A brief Introduction
What is solid waste? How many cats it has and what is the current situation of Karachi city
How we manage it
possible solutions
New method to approach the solution.
This is the presentation at an international conference, ICOMACE at KGRCET, Hyderabad.. the title of the paper is design of domestic sewage treatment plant for a growing town Ulavapadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, India.
This slide is being prepared basically for the educational purposes.
Prepared by Phurba Tamang, Asst. Lecturer in Jigme Namgyel Engineering College. Royal University of Bhutan.
Several references were being made and faults if any would remain my own.
this presentation is only about water borne diseases and incomplete now.. contains 12 slides..
its second part will be published soon..
then it will be full fledged..
03 - Computation of organic waste loads on stream, Streater Phelps equation.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
disinfection, method of disinfection, form in which chlorine can be applied, requirement of good disinfectant , chlorine chemistry, effect of ph , temperature , contact time in chlorination, germicidal efficiency of chlorine, by products during chlorination.
A brief Introduction
What is solid waste? How many cats it has and what is the current situation of Karachi city
How we manage it
possible solutions
New method to approach the solution.
This is the presentation at an international conference, ICOMACE at KGRCET, Hyderabad.. the title of the paper is design of domestic sewage treatment plant for a growing town Ulavapadu, Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, India.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
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Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
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2. Bio-Toilets & Types
The bio-toilet is a thermophilic(50 to 700C)
digesting toilet that is becoming
commercially available and basically used in
railway coaches, theme parks, gardens and
other public utilities
Depending on the type of digestion there are
two types of Bio-Toilets viz Conventional
aerobic dry toilets and anaerobic digester
toilets.
3. Aerobic dry toilets: A dry toilet is a aerobic type toilet where in a user sits on a
raised pedestal type toilet or he can squat in case of squat toilet. In both the cases the
excreta(urine and feces) falls through a drop hole.These toilets may use little or no
water.
Source: www.sca.nsw.gov.cu
4. There are several types of toilets which are
referred to as "dry toilets". All of them work
without flush water and without a connection to
a sewer system or septic tank:
Aerobic Composting toilets -in most cases without
urine diversion but can also be with urine diversion.
The above figure refers to composting toilets.
Urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT) - with urine
diversion, as the name implies
Arborloo- which is similar to a pit latrine but has a
much shallower pit and is designed for making
compost in the pit.
5. Urine Diverting DryToilets (UDDT’s): UDDT’s collection system is
unlike conventional composting system. It separately collects urine
and feces. It provides pathogen free and odor free environment
without the use of flush water.This dried feces and distilled urine can
be used as manure in agriculture.
Source: learn.open.ac.uk
6. Arborloo toilets: An arborloo is a simple and ecological type of dry
toilet consisting of pit, concrete slab, superstructure(toilet house) and
a ring beam.The concept is to fill the pit with feces upto 3/4th depth
and then the superstructure is moved to a new pit and the old pit is
used to grow the vegetation.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arborloo
7. Anaerobic Bio-Toilets:These are the toilets
where degradation of excreta takes place in
the presence of anaerobic bacterias.This
requires the addition of nutrient medium for
anaerobic degradation.
These are also available in models that are
available aerobic bio-toilets viz anaerobic dry
composting type, UDDT’s and aborloo.
9. Need
Sanitation facilities in India are alarming with over 600
million people (half of India's population) having no access
to toilets. People are forced to defecate in the open.This
poses health hazards, raises environmental concerns and
leads to water contamination.This is coupled with the
Indian Railways’s open-chute toilet system wherein the
human waste drops on the rail tracks. Untreated human
waste or the fecal matter lying in the open is a grave threat
to the well-being and good health of the society and the
environment.
It is estimated that 10 Million Children die under the age of
5, die Globally yearly due to improper Sanitation. Of
these, 2.4 Million Children belong to India.
So it is necessary to provide proper sanitation and it has
to be made sure that every citizen has access to toilets.
10. Advantages of Bio-Toilets
Decomposes Solid Waste toWater & Bio Gas
Eco-Friendly
100% Hazard Free
Functions efficiently at sub zero – 55 Degrees
Centigrade
Plays a critical role in Preventable Healthcare as
the BioToilet eliminates disease causing
pathogens completely.
Eliminates load on existing Sewerage System
Can be installed in any remote location
11. Comparison btw Bio-Toilet
System & Septic Tank System
S No BiologicalToilet System SepticTank System
1 The wastes from the toilet are
digested by the bio media; resulting
in neutral water and gas.
The wastes in the septic tank are
not digested and it seeps into the
ground.
2 A small tank is required as the
wastes are digested and converted
fully into water.
A very large septic tank is
required, nearly 10 times the
volume of the Bio digester tank.
3 Less floor space required as the Bio
digester tank is small in size.
Large floor area required almost
twice that of the Bio digester
tank.
12. S No BiologicalToilet System SepticTank System
4 The Bio digester tank can be placed
on the ground, so no digging or
foundation required, so installation
is fast.
Septic tank requires excavation,
cementing, curing, partitioning,
etc. So, it is a labour intensive
and time consuming process and
installation is slow.
5 Here the discharge is fully digested
non toxic, neutral water, so the
environment is not polluted.
Here the untreated wastes seep
into the ground, which may result
in ground water contamination
leading to an epidemic.
6 This system requires less
maintenance and does not require
periodic sludge removal as the
wastes are converted into water.
This system requires periodic
sludge removal which may lead
to waste spillage on the ground
resulting in unhygienic conditions
and diseases.
7 The discharge water may be used
for irrigation in fields.
The discharge cannot be used for
irrigation in fields as it contains
pathogenic bacteria.