The document discusses various technology trends related to enterprise application architecture including the growth of web services, service-oriented architecture, and enterprise 2.0. It also covers trends in mobile/HTML5 and the flexible/cloud/API era. Diagrams show sample enterprise network infrastructure and the layers of a typical application stack including presentation, business, and data access layers. The document also summarizes common types of bugs like design/architecture bugs and validation bugs. Finally, it discusses the CWE/CVE framework for categorizing common vulnerabilities related to insecure interaction between components, risky resource management, and porous defenses.