The document discusses the concept of adjustment, highlighting its importance for personal and social harmony, and the characteristics of well-adjusted individuals and students. It also covers maladjustment, its causes, and the diagnostic and treatment methods for maladjusted children. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of teachers in facilitating a supportive environment for student adjustment.

1. Suresh Babu G
Assistant Professor
CTE CPAS Paippad , Kottayam

2.  Adjustment – Meaning
 Definition – Adjustment
 Nature of Adjustment
 Need and importance of Adjustment
 Characteristics of a well adjusted person
 Characteristics of a well adjusted students in class
 Adjustment Process
 Role of teacher in pupils adjustment
 Maladjustment
 Causes of Maladjustment
 School factors contributing to maladjustment of students
 Diagnosis and Treatment of Maladjusted Children

3. Adjustment is the process of getting along with
one’s own self and with others . It is a process by
which a person varies his behavior to produce a
more harmonious relationship between himself
and his environment

4. According to Shaffer , adjustment is a process by
which an individual maintains a balance between his
needs and circumstances that influence the
satisfaction of those needs.
Webster considers adjustment as the establishment of
a satisfactory relationship as representing harmony ,
conformance , adaptation or the like.
Good defines adjustment as the process of finding and
adopting modes of behavior suitable to the
environment or the change in the environment.

5.  It is an achievement
 It is the process need reduction
 States relationship between
person and his environment
 It brings happiness , efficiency and some
degree of social feelings
 It depends on external and internal demands
 It refers both to a process and to a state
 It involves psychological and physiological
adaptation

6.  To reducing frustrations and tensions to the lowest
minimum
 Helps to lead a happy and well contented life
 Helps in balance between our needs and capacity
 Leads way of life according to the demands of the
situations
 Gives strength and ability to
bring desirable changes in
the conditions of our
environment

7.  He knows his strength and limitations
 Has an adequate level of aspiration
 His basic needs like organic , emotional and social
needs are fully satisfied
 He does not possess critical or fault finding
attitude
 His behavior is flexible
 He is capable of struggling with odd
circumstances
 He has got a realistic perception of world
 He has his own philosophy of life

8.  Has good physical health
 Psychologically comfort
 Has work efficiency
 Social acceptance

9. The adjustment process occurs when conflict
occurs . Conflicts occurs between internal needs
and external demand , in such condition , there
are three alternatives
1. The individual may inhibits or modify his internal
need or demand
2. He can alter the environment and can satisfy his
demands
3. He can use some mental mechanism to escape
from conflicting situation and may able to
maintain the balance of personality

10. Piaget (1952) has studied the adjustment
process from different angle . He used the
term
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Equilibration

11.  Provide free environment in school
 Develop pupils self-respect and self esteem
 Provide a good atmosphere for physical, mental
and social development
 Help for balanced emotional development
 Help for set proper level of aspiration
 Help maladjusted children
 Help the pupils to develop proper
patience and power of tolerance
 Accept that every pupil is different

13.  Maladjustment literally means faulty or
unsatisfactory adjustment.
 In psychology, the term is used to mention the
inability to adjust to the demand of interpersonal
relationships and the stresses of daily living.
 It refers to the degree of disharmony between the
person and his environment.
 It result in frustration and conflicts.

14.  Frustration
It means emotional tension resulting from the
blocking of a desire. It is an individual’s goal-seeking
activity is obstructed. It result in mental tension.
 Conflicts
It means a state of tension brought by the presence
of two or more opposing desire in the individual.
Lewin considers conflicts as a clash of motives. They
are
Approach-approach conflict,
Approach-avoidance conflict,
Avoidance-avoidance conflict.

15.  Physique and appearance
 Poverty
 Broken home
 Parental attitude
 Emotional shock
 Lack of co-ordination between a person

16.  Maladjusted teachers
 Attitude of teachers
 Inadequate curriculum
 Lack of co-curricular activities
 Defective examination system

17. 1. Diagnosis of Maladjustment
Physical symptoms – stuttering, stammering,
scratching head, facial twitching, biting nails,
rocking feet, restlessness, drumming with fingers
and vomiting
Behavioral Symptoms – Aggression, lying, bullying,
stealing, truancy, wandering, poor school
achievement, frequent absence, hyperactivity,
withdrawal tendencies, negativism, and sex
disturbances

18. Emotional symptoms – Excessive worry, fear,
inferiority, hatred, extreme timidity, temper
tantrum, persistent anxiety, conflicts and tension.
2. Detection of Maladjusted Children
 Observation and interview
 Use of test : Number of Psychological tests,
inventories, and rating scale can be used Eg:
The Bell Adjustment Inventory, The Moony
Checklist, Taylor Anxiety Scale etc

19. 3. Treatment of Maladjusted Children
Some of the specific measures teacher can take are
 The teacher should understand the deviant
behavior of children
 Give awareness to make healthy parent-child
relationship
 Arrange proper School environment
 Serious cases should be referred to hospital
 Can use psychotherapeutic
technique like group therapy,
play therapy, and psycho-drama
depending upon the requirement.