This document discusses concepts of adjustment and maladjustment, causes of maladjustment in adolescents, and the role of schools and teachers in helping students facing adjustment problems. It defines adjustment as maintaining a balance between needs and environmental influences, while maladjustment is an inability to satisfy personal needs. Causes of maladjustment include unhealthy home environments, heredity, poverty, faulty teaching methods, lack of guidance and recreation. Problems faced by maladjusted students include anxiety, withdrawal, aggression, delinquency, drug addiction, and low achievement. The role of teachers is to provide a supportive environment, develop student self-esteem, accept differences, maintain student records, model good mental health practices, and participate in case conferences.

1. Concept and of adjustment, Causes of
maladjustment, Problems of adjustment in
adolescents and role of school, and teachers in
helping the students facing following problems-
Anxiety, withdrawal, aggression, delinquency,
drug addition, failure and low achievement (3)
Ubale Amol

2. Concept and of adjustment
• The term “adjustment” originates from
the biological term “adaptation”. Biologists
used the term “adaptation” strictly for the
physical demands of the environment, but
psychologists use the term “adjustment”
for varying conditions of social or inter-
personal relations in the society.

3. • Psychologists have viewed adjustment
from two important perspectives—
“adjustment as an achievement”,
and “adjustment as a process”.

4. Definition of adjustment
• According to the Shaffer, L.S. “Adjustment is the process by which
living organism maintain a balance between his needs and the
circumstances that influence the satisfactions of these needs.
• Carter V Good , “adjustment is the process of finding and adopting
modes of behavior suitable to the environment or the change in the
environment.

5. Characteristics of a well adjusted person:
• Maturity in thinking
• Emotional balance
• Warm and understanding towards others
• Free from tension due to routine events
• Independent in decision making

6. Elements in adjustment
• Satisfaction of needs
• No obstacle in achieving needs
• Strong motives in realizing needs
• Feasible geographical atmosphere to fulfill
needs

7. What is Maladjustment?
• ‘Maladjustment’ is a process whereby an
individual is unable to satisfy his personal
needs biological, psychological or social
needs successfully and establishes an
imbalance between and expectation of the
society resulting in the disturbance of
psycho-equilibrium.

8. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT
• 1. Unhealthy home environment – Include separated family,
divorced family, step parent, drunkard or drug addicted parents,
single parenting, low moral and social standard of family.
• 2. Heredity causes – One may feel inferior because of inherited
defective mental set up, physiological structure, colour of the skin
(dark) which could lead to maladjustment.
• 3. Poverty – When poor children meet rich children in the school,
they sometimes develop jealousy, worry and inferiority complex
which lead to emotional disturbance.

9. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT
• 4. Environment causes – The forces of the environment begin to play
their role from the conception of the child in the womb of the mother in the
form of defective nourishment available to him. Uncongenial physical
environment, adverse physical environment leads to maladjustment.
• 5. Faulty method of teaching – Faulty method of teaching do not
motivate students. The Lesson becomes dull and drudgery. Student begin
to hate every process of education. It creates emotional tension which lead
to mental illness.
• 6. Strict Discipline – Some traditional schools impose strict discipline,
such schools are just like jails and the teachers jailors. Those students are
always suffering from fear and worry.

10. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT
• 7. Lack of equipments (facility)- In some schools, there is lack of
furniture and proper equipments. Over crowded classes and poor facilities
leads to frustration and mental tension.
• 8. Lack of guidance and counseling – Mastery over content and subject
matter only without caring for the interest of students causes
maladjustment. No guidance is provided for various areas at different levels.
Students became confused, frustrated and become maladjusted.
• 9. Lack of recreational facilities – Children who do not get facilities after
class in the forms of play, library, debates, discussion, puzzles etc. may
have adjustment Problems.
• 10. Mass media – Children are exposed to mass media, explosion of
knowledge, adult issues now a days. It the child witnesses films which
depict low sexuality and violence, it may lead to maladjustment.

11. Causes of MALADJUSTMENT
• 11. Social laws and bindings – The social laws and legal binding are the
most common source of frustrations in one‘s life. Similarly restrictions
imposed by parents, teachers, ethical and other groups are common
sources of maladjustment.
• 12. Bad company / neighborhood – Neighbourhood is an important
conditioner of child‘s behaviour. Many of our youngsters develop
delinquencies because such patterns of behaviour are seen in their
neighborhood patterns like lying, stealing, obscene talk, promiscuous sex
interest.

12. Problems of a Maladjusted :
• Anxiety च िंता
• Anxiety is a personality trait. It results from conflict,
which is an inevitable part of life. Anxiety describes the
individual's level of emotionality. We see many students
who are tense and worried (highly anxious) and those
who are cool (hardly anxious). Since anxiety is an
inferred emotional state of an individual, it cannot be
directly observed. It can be measured through
psychological tests/techniques.

13. withdrawal
• Psychological texts define withdrawal as
the onset of symptoms, both physical and
mental, when a substance is reduced or not
given to the body. The substances we are
talking about could be any chemical, but in
psychology when discussing withdrawal you
tend to deal with some kind of drug. This
includes both prescription and illegal drugs as
they both affect the body

14. Aggression आक्रामकता
• Aggression is overt, often harmful, social interaction
with the intention of inflicting damage or other
unpleasantness upon another individual. It may occur
either in retaliation or without provocation. In humans,
frustration due to blocked goals can cause aggression.
Human aggression can be classified into direct and
indirect aggression, whilst the first is characterized by
physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm to
someone, the second one is characterized by a behavior
intended to harm social relations of an individual or a
group

15. Delinquency अपराध
• Juvenile delinquency, also known as
"juvenile offending", is participation in
illegal behavior by minors (juveniles, i.e.
individuals younger than the statutory age
of majority). Most legal systems prescribe
specific procedures for dealing with
juveniles, such as juvenile detention
centers, and courts.

16. Drug addiction
• Drug addiction, also called substance
use disorder, is a disease that affects a
person's brain and behavior and leads to
an inability to control the use of a legal or
illegal drug or medication. Substances
such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine
also are considered drugs. When you're
addicted, you may continue using the drug
despite the harm it causes

17. Low achievement विफलता और कम
उपलब्धध
• Low achievement is considered as a
multidimensional problem because there
are so many factors contribute to the
reduction of the educational lower
attainment which may be psychological,
educational, social or medical reasons.

18. The role of School, teacher in student
adjustment
• Provide a classroom environment where the children feel free to
express themselves
• Develop in youngsters a sense self respect and self-esteem by
complements for work well done.
• Accept the individual differences of students.
• Develops comprehensive cumulative records by collecting
information through classroom sitting.
• Practices good mental health
• Participate and contributes to the effectiveness of case
conferences.
• Teacher himself should adopt democratic and respective behavior.