1. The document discusses a task-based model for understanding psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness. It proposes that individuals adapt by accomplishing a non-linear series of adaptive tasks in different life domains, rather than moving through rigid stages.
2. The model has five components: the stressor (diagnosis), cognitive appraisal of the stressor, adaptive tasks in physical, psychological, social, spiritual and vocational domains, coping skills used to accomplish tasks, and the outcome of adaptation.
3. Adaptive tasks involve meeting medical needs, maintaining emotional balance and control, seeking social support, finding meaning, and vocational engagement. Coping skills help accomplish these tasks. Successful adaptation results in a new equilibrium
This document provides information and advice for coping with chronic illness. It discusses the importance of acceptance, maintaining a positive attitude, taking control through education and active participation in treatment, building support networks, managing stress, addressing potential depression or anxiety, quitting smoking if applicable, and finding appropriate resources and support groups.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) focuses on the importance of interpersonal relationships in determining behavior and psychopathology. IPT aims to change interpersonal functioning by encouraging more effective communication, emotional expression, and understanding of behavior in relationships. The major goal is improving relationships to also improve symptoms and life. In IPT, therapists conduct therapy in three phases - initial session to identify problem areas, intermediate sessions using strategies for the identified problem area, and termination.
This document summarizes a presentation on grief therapy given by Dr. Susan Stuber. It discusses research on normal grief versus complicated grief, assessments of complicated grief, debates around including prolonged grief disorder in the DSM-V, and additions related to grief in the DSM-5. The presentation covers critiques of Kubler-Ross's five stages of grief model, analyses of criteria for complicated or prolonged grief proposed by Prigerson and Shear, and risk and protective factors for complicated grief.
This document discusses stress, its causes and effects, and ways to cope with and reduce stress. It defines stress as a feeling of tension, worry or threat resulting from demands placed on a person. Sources of stress include life changes, daily hassles, conflicts, and socioeconomic factors. Individual differences like hardiness and resilience impact responses to stress. Chronic stress can negatively impact physical health by suppressing the immune system and increasing risk of heart disease. Coping strategies include problem-focused approaches and emotion-focused approaches like relaxation. Treatment for stress-related disorders may involve psychotherapy and medication. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social support system can also help manage stress.
2015: Bereavment and Treating Bereavement-Related Conditions-ZisookSDGWEP
1. The document discusses ordinary/normal grief, complicated grief, bereavement-related depression, and their treatments.
2. Complicated grief is a prolonged and impaired grief reaction that requires treatment, often with complicated grief therapy.
3. Bereavement-related depression has similar characteristics and responds similarly to treatment as non-bereavement related depression, suggesting the bereavement exclusion in the DSM may be unnecessary.
Promoting mental health and prevent mental illnesskumar mahi
This document discusses world mental health day on October 10th and some key facts about mental health issues globally. It notes that about 450 million people suffer from mental or behavioral disorders worldwide, with one in four people experiencing one in their lifetime. The document also discusses the increase in reported crimes against women in India between 2012 and 2013. It outlines some of the short and long-term impacts of sexual violence on women's physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Risks are often from someone close to the victim. Common mental health issues associated with life stages like menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause are also summarized.
This document discusses depression, including its symptoms, criteria for diagnosis, prevalence, and treatment approaches. Depression exists on a continuum from normal mood fluctuations to more severe abnormal mood lowering with functional impairment. It is a persistent and pervasive condition with a wide range of psychological and physical symptoms. Treatment involves both antidepressant medication and talking therapies, with the goals of explaining depression, setting a treatment plan and review schedule, and preventing future episodes.
"Relapse Prevention" was presented by Robin Edison, M.Ed., LPC, NCC, CAAC; Dawn Farm Downtown Program coordinator. This program discusses the dynamics of relapse, the warning signs that lead the chemically dependent person into a relapse, and strategies to prevent relapse and help handle high-risk situations. This program is part of the Dawn Farm Education Series, a FREE, annual workshop series developed to provide accurate, helpful, hopeful, practical, current information about chemical dependency, recovery, family and related issues. The Education Series is organized by Dawn Farm, a non-profit community of programs providing a continuum of chemical dependency services. For information, please see http://www.dawnfarm.org/programs/education-series.
This document provides information and advice for coping with chronic illness. It discusses the importance of acceptance, maintaining a positive attitude, taking control through education and active participation in treatment, building support networks, managing stress, addressing potential depression or anxiety, quitting smoking if applicable, and finding appropriate resources and support groups.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) focuses on the importance of interpersonal relationships in determining behavior and psychopathology. IPT aims to change interpersonal functioning by encouraging more effective communication, emotional expression, and understanding of behavior in relationships. The major goal is improving relationships to also improve symptoms and life. In IPT, therapists conduct therapy in three phases - initial session to identify problem areas, intermediate sessions using strategies for the identified problem area, and termination.
This document summarizes a presentation on grief therapy given by Dr. Susan Stuber. It discusses research on normal grief versus complicated grief, assessments of complicated grief, debates around including prolonged grief disorder in the DSM-V, and additions related to grief in the DSM-5. The presentation covers critiques of Kubler-Ross's five stages of grief model, analyses of criteria for complicated or prolonged grief proposed by Prigerson and Shear, and risk and protective factors for complicated grief.
This document discusses stress, its causes and effects, and ways to cope with and reduce stress. It defines stress as a feeling of tension, worry or threat resulting from demands placed on a person. Sources of stress include life changes, daily hassles, conflicts, and socioeconomic factors. Individual differences like hardiness and resilience impact responses to stress. Chronic stress can negatively impact physical health by suppressing the immune system and increasing risk of heart disease. Coping strategies include problem-focused approaches and emotion-focused approaches like relaxation. Treatment for stress-related disorders may involve psychotherapy and medication. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social support system can also help manage stress.
2015: Bereavment and Treating Bereavement-Related Conditions-ZisookSDGWEP
1. The document discusses ordinary/normal grief, complicated grief, bereavement-related depression, and their treatments.
2. Complicated grief is a prolonged and impaired grief reaction that requires treatment, often with complicated grief therapy.
3. Bereavement-related depression has similar characteristics and responds similarly to treatment as non-bereavement related depression, suggesting the bereavement exclusion in the DSM may be unnecessary.
Promoting mental health and prevent mental illnesskumar mahi
This document discusses world mental health day on October 10th and some key facts about mental health issues globally. It notes that about 450 million people suffer from mental or behavioral disorders worldwide, with one in four people experiencing one in their lifetime. The document also discusses the increase in reported crimes against women in India between 2012 and 2013. It outlines some of the short and long-term impacts of sexual violence on women's physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Risks are often from someone close to the victim. Common mental health issues associated with life stages like menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause are also summarized.
This document discusses depression, including its symptoms, criteria for diagnosis, prevalence, and treatment approaches. Depression exists on a continuum from normal mood fluctuations to more severe abnormal mood lowering with functional impairment. It is a persistent and pervasive condition with a wide range of psychological and physical symptoms. Treatment involves both antidepressant medication and talking therapies, with the goals of explaining depression, setting a treatment plan and review schedule, and preventing future episodes.
"Relapse Prevention" was presented by Robin Edison, M.Ed., LPC, NCC, CAAC; Dawn Farm Downtown Program coordinator. This program discusses the dynamics of relapse, the warning signs that lead the chemically dependent person into a relapse, and strategies to prevent relapse and help handle high-risk situations. This program is part of the Dawn Farm Education Series, a FREE, annual workshop series developed to provide accurate, helpful, hopeful, practical, current information about chemical dependency, recovery, family and related issues. The Education Series is organized by Dawn Farm, a non-profit community of programs providing a continuum of chemical dependency services. For information, please see http://www.dawnfarm.org/programs/education-series.
The document discusses psychological adaptation to stress. It covers:
1. The physiological stress response involves reactions in various body systems like increased heart rate and blood pressure.
2. Chronic stress can increase risk of health issues and cause psychological impacts like anxiety. Adaptive coping strategies help manage stress levels.
3. Stress adaptation models include stimulus-based, response-based, and transaction-based approaches. The response-based model describes the general adaptation syndrome of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages in prolonged stress exposure.
This document discusses Bipolar Disorders I and II as defined by the DSM-5. Bipolar I Disorder requires at least one manic episode, along with potential hypomanic or depressive episodes. Diagnostic criteria for manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes are provided. Bipolar II Disorder involves at least one hypomanic and one depressive episode, without mania. It further defines hypomanic and depressive episode criteria and discusses the development, course, and age of onset for both disorders.
The biopsychosocial model views health and illness as influenced by multiple interacting factors including biological, psychological, and social factors. It posits that biological events have psychological and social impacts, and vice versa. The model was first proposed by psychiatrist George Engel in the 1970s as an alternative to the biomedical model. While widely adopted, some critics argue it lacks clarity and promotes an artificial distinction between biological and psychological factors.
Depression In Children: Behavioral Manifestations and InterventionDavid Songco
Presentation delivered to the West Side Health Authority. This presentation was attended by program developers, teachers, principals, and directors of local community organizations.
This document discusses empty nest syndrome, which refers to feelings of sadness, grief, and loneliness that parents may experience when their children leave home. It defines empty nest syndrome and lists common signs and symptoms like sadness, worry, loneliness, and depression. The document examines who is most at risk for empty nest syndrome, like full-time parents or those struggling with other life changes. It also outlines treatments like counseling and maintaining social connections. Finally, it discusses both negative aspects like vulnerability to depression but also positive aspects like increased freedom and growth for parents.
This document discusses psychosocial problems among the elderly and their assessment and management. It defines key terms related to geriatric care and aging. The most common causes of psychosocial problems in the elderly are described as financial insecurity, caregiving burden, self-neglect, housing issues, and elder abuse. Common mental health conditions seen include anxiety, sleep disorders, loneliness, dementia, delirium, depression, suicidal thoughts, aggression, financial stress, social isolation, and neurocognitive disorders. A thorough mental status examination of the elderly is important for assessing their behaviors, attitudes, and identifying any symptoms of mental illness.
This document discusses strategies for communicating with individuals who have Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. It explains that as the disease progresses, people with dementia experience changes in their ability to communicate verbally and their primary methods of communication. In the early stages, it is important to speak directly to the individual, keep sentences clear and allow time for responses. In the middle stages, it recommends using short sentences, speaking slowly, minimizing distractions and communicating through visual cues. For the late stages, the document notes that communication is reduced but sensory connections like touch and music can still be meaningful.
This course provides training and CEUs for addicitons counselors and LPCs working in Addictions, Mental Health and Co-Occurring Disorders will help counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, alcohol and drug counselors and addictions professionals get continuing education and certification training to aid them in providing services guided by best practices. AllCEUs is approved by the california Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (CAADAC), NAADAC, the Association for Addictions Professionals, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling Board of Georgia (ADACB-GA), the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) and most states.
This document summarizes a presentation on end of life grief and bereavement. It discusses grief theories, typical and complicated grief, screening tools for complicated grief, and interventions. It also covers special considerations for bereavement in populations like those who experience perinatal loss or losing a child. Risk factors for complicated grief are identified and treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and medications are outlined.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the key changes between editions, from the initial DSM-I in 1952 to the current DSM-5 from 2013. Major revisions in DSM-5 include eliminating the multi-axial system, replacing many disorder names, combining and reorganizing certain diagnoses, and emphasizing dimensional assessments and cultural factors in diagnosis. The goal is to improve clinical utility, reliability and cultural sensitivity in defining and classifying mental disorders.
lecture 27 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Seyle
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Relapse – in a broader sense, is the return of signs and symptoms of a disease after a remission.
In the case of some psychiatric disorders, relapse is the worsening of symptoms or the re-occurrence of unhealthy behaviors, such as avoidance or substance use, after a period of improvement.
Relapse Prevention – A set of skills designed to reduce the likelihood that symptoms of the illness in question will worsen or that a person will return to an unhealthy behavior, such as substance use.
Skills include, for example, identifying early warning signs that symptoms may be worsening, recognizing high risk situations for relapse, and understanding how everyday, seemingly mundane decisions may put you on the road to relapse (for example, skipping lunch one day may make you more vulnerable to get in a bad mood).
Relapse can be prevented through the use of specific coping strategies, such as identifying early warning signs.
Early Intervention is simply bridging the gap between prevention and treatment. Early intervention is essential to reducing drug use and its costs to society
This document discusses maintaining health and well-being during retirement. It addresses common health concerns in aging like cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal issues. Maintaining holistic health through physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being is emphasized. Successful aging involves adapting one's social role and relationships, pursuing hobbies and staying engaged in the community. Defining new goals and priorities for the retirement phase is important for a healthy future.
managing mental health in the workplace - a leaders guideWBDC of Florida
This document provides a leader's guide for implementing an online training program called Managing Mental Health Matters (MMHM) in an organization. The guide summarizes the contents and objectives of the MMHM program, which contains 5 episodes that teach strategies for managing mental health issues in the workplace. It outlines how to use the pre-evaluation and post-evaluation forms to assess participant understanding, and includes templates for certificates of completion upon mastering the material in each episode. The overall goal is to increase knowledge and ability to recognize and manage workplace mental health issues through the online training and supplemental group discussions.
Impact of religion and spirituality on health and psychologyMichael Changaris
These slides explore the importance of religion in individuals lives. While more the half of Americans identify religion or spirituality as vital to their lives therapists and doctors often do not include these beliefs in their treatment.
This document discusses case formulation, which involves developing a hypothesis about the factors that cause and maintain a client's problems. It outlines the key components of case formulation using the DSM-5, including the presenting problem, predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and protective factors. The document provides an example case formulation for a client named Nasira who is experiencing depression. It analyzes the precipitant, predisposing factors, and perpetuating factors for Nasira based on her history and symptoms. The case formulation would then inform the treatment plan.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychosomatic Disorder (Educational Slides)Andri Andri
This is a standard presentation for teaching medical students and colleagues about psychosomatic disorder, its diagnosis and therapy. We hope by reading this slides, you will understand the nature of psychosomatic disorder and its current approach in therapy
Introduction to Depressive Disorders in Children and AdolescentsStephen Grcevich, MD
This is the slide set to the lectures I provided to the medical staff of Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health in Canton, OH during the Fall-Winter of 2018
Chapter 14 Application of Social Psychologyqulbabbas4
This document discusses the application of social psychology principles to various fields. It describes how social psychology can be applied to health psychology to understand health behaviors and develop intervention strategies. It also discusses several models used in health psychology, including the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and stages of change model. The document notes social psychology can provide perspectives on chronic illness and contribute to improving healthcare systems. It also outlines how industrial and organizational psychology examines human behavior in workplace settings using psychological theories, focusing on topics like motivation and social perception.
The Betty Neuman Systems Model views the client as an open system that responds to stressors in the environment, with the client system consisting of a core structure protected by lines of resistance. Neuman developed this nursing theory and model initially for graduate nursing education to expose students to a variety of nursing problems. The model focuses on the client's response to intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors and prevention through primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing interventions.
The document discusses psychological adaptation to stress. It covers:
1. The physiological stress response involves reactions in various body systems like increased heart rate and blood pressure.
2. Chronic stress can increase risk of health issues and cause psychological impacts like anxiety. Adaptive coping strategies help manage stress levels.
3. Stress adaptation models include stimulus-based, response-based, and transaction-based approaches. The response-based model describes the general adaptation syndrome of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages in prolonged stress exposure.
This document discusses Bipolar Disorders I and II as defined by the DSM-5. Bipolar I Disorder requires at least one manic episode, along with potential hypomanic or depressive episodes. Diagnostic criteria for manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes are provided. Bipolar II Disorder involves at least one hypomanic and one depressive episode, without mania. It further defines hypomanic and depressive episode criteria and discusses the development, course, and age of onset for both disorders.
The biopsychosocial model views health and illness as influenced by multiple interacting factors including biological, psychological, and social factors. It posits that biological events have psychological and social impacts, and vice versa. The model was first proposed by psychiatrist George Engel in the 1970s as an alternative to the biomedical model. While widely adopted, some critics argue it lacks clarity and promotes an artificial distinction between biological and psychological factors.
Depression In Children: Behavioral Manifestations and InterventionDavid Songco
Presentation delivered to the West Side Health Authority. This presentation was attended by program developers, teachers, principals, and directors of local community organizations.
This document discusses empty nest syndrome, which refers to feelings of sadness, grief, and loneliness that parents may experience when their children leave home. It defines empty nest syndrome and lists common signs and symptoms like sadness, worry, loneliness, and depression. The document examines who is most at risk for empty nest syndrome, like full-time parents or those struggling with other life changes. It also outlines treatments like counseling and maintaining social connections. Finally, it discusses both negative aspects like vulnerability to depression but also positive aspects like increased freedom and growth for parents.
This document discusses psychosocial problems among the elderly and their assessment and management. It defines key terms related to geriatric care and aging. The most common causes of psychosocial problems in the elderly are described as financial insecurity, caregiving burden, self-neglect, housing issues, and elder abuse. Common mental health conditions seen include anxiety, sleep disorders, loneliness, dementia, delirium, depression, suicidal thoughts, aggression, financial stress, social isolation, and neurocognitive disorders. A thorough mental status examination of the elderly is important for assessing their behaviors, attitudes, and identifying any symptoms of mental illness.
This document discusses strategies for communicating with individuals who have Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. It explains that as the disease progresses, people with dementia experience changes in their ability to communicate verbally and their primary methods of communication. In the early stages, it is important to speak directly to the individual, keep sentences clear and allow time for responses. In the middle stages, it recommends using short sentences, speaking slowly, minimizing distractions and communicating through visual cues. For the late stages, the document notes that communication is reduced but sensory connections like touch and music can still be meaningful.
This course provides training and CEUs for addicitons counselors and LPCs working in Addictions, Mental Health and Co-Occurring Disorders will help counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, alcohol and drug counselors and addictions professionals get continuing education and certification training to aid them in providing services guided by best practices. AllCEUs is approved by the california Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (CAADAC), NAADAC, the Association for Addictions Professionals, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling Board of Georgia (ADACB-GA), the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) and most states.
This document summarizes a presentation on end of life grief and bereavement. It discusses grief theories, typical and complicated grief, screening tools for complicated grief, and interventions. It also covers special considerations for bereavement in populations like those who experience perinatal loss or losing a child. Risk factors for complicated grief are identified and treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and medications are outlined.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the key changes between editions, from the initial DSM-I in 1952 to the current DSM-5 from 2013. Major revisions in DSM-5 include eliminating the multi-axial system, replacing many disorder names, combining and reorganizing certain diagnoses, and emphasizing dimensional assessments and cultural factors in diagnosis. The goal is to improve clinical utility, reliability and cultural sensitivity in defining and classifying mental disorders.
lecture 27 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Seyle
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Relapse – in a broader sense, is the return of signs and symptoms of a disease after a remission.
In the case of some psychiatric disorders, relapse is the worsening of symptoms or the re-occurrence of unhealthy behaviors, such as avoidance or substance use, after a period of improvement.
Relapse Prevention – A set of skills designed to reduce the likelihood that symptoms of the illness in question will worsen or that a person will return to an unhealthy behavior, such as substance use.
Skills include, for example, identifying early warning signs that symptoms may be worsening, recognizing high risk situations for relapse, and understanding how everyday, seemingly mundane decisions may put you on the road to relapse (for example, skipping lunch one day may make you more vulnerable to get in a bad mood).
Relapse can be prevented through the use of specific coping strategies, such as identifying early warning signs.
Early Intervention is simply bridging the gap between prevention and treatment. Early intervention is essential to reducing drug use and its costs to society
This document discusses maintaining health and well-being during retirement. It addresses common health concerns in aging like cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal issues. Maintaining holistic health through physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being is emphasized. Successful aging involves adapting one's social role and relationships, pursuing hobbies and staying engaged in the community. Defining new goals and priorities for the retirement phase is important for a healthy future.
managing mental health in the workplace - a leaders guideWBDC of Florida
This document provides a leader's guide for implementing an online training program called Managing Mental Health Matters (MMHM) in an organization. The guide summarizes the contents and objectives of the MMHM program, which contains 5 episodes that teach strategies for managing mental health issues in the workplace. It outlines how to use the pre-evaluation and post-evaluation forms to assess participant understanding, and includes templates for certificates of completion upon mastering the material in each episode. The overall goal is to increase knowledge and ability to recognize and manage workplace mental health issues through the online training and supplemental group discussions.
Impact of religion and spirituality on health and psychologyMichael Changaris
These slides explore the importance of religion in individuals lives. While more the half of Americans identify religion or spirituality as vital to their lives therapists and doctors often do not include these beliefs in their treatment.
This document discusses case formulation, which involves developing a hypothesis about the factors that cause and maintain a client's problems. It outlines the key components of case formulation using the DSM-5, including the presenting problem, predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and protective factors. The document provides an example case formulation for a client named Nasira who is experiencing depression. It analyzes the precipitant, predisposing factors, and perpetuating factors for Nasira based on her history and symptoms. The case formulation would then inform the treatment plan.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychosomatic Disorder (Educational Slides)Andri Andri
This is a standard presentation for teaching medical students and colleagues about psychosomatic disorder, its diagnosis and therapy. We hope by reading this slides, you will understand the nature of psychosomatic disorder and its current approach in therapy
Introduction to Depressive Disorders in Children and AdolescentsStephen Grcevich, MD
This is the slide set to the lectures I provided to the medical staff of Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health in Canton, OH during the Fall-Winter of 2018
Chapter 14 Application of Social Psychologyqulbabbas4
This document discusses the application of social psychology principles to various fields. It describes how social psychology can be applied to health psychology to understand health behaviors and develop intervention strategies. It also discusses several models used in health psychology, including the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and stages of change model. The document notes social psychology can provide perspectives on chronic illness and contribute to improving healthcare systems. It also outlines how industrial and organizational psychology examines human behavior in workplace settings using psychological theories, focusing on topics like motivation and social perception.
The Betty Neuman Systems Model views the client as an open system that responds to stressors in the environment, with the client system consisting of a core structure protected by lines of resistance. Neuman developed this nursing theory and model initially for graduate nursing education to expose students to a variety of nursing problems. The model focuses on the client's response to intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors and prevention through primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing interventions.
This document provides an overview of human health behavior by Prof. Dr. Mona Aboserea from Zagazig University. It defines behavior and discusses the types of health behaviors including health-directed, health-related, preventive, sick role, and illness behaviors. It also examines factors that affect illness behavior and models of behavior change including the health belief model, social learning theory, theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and stages of change model.
The document discusses several key concepts relating to human health behavior:
1. It defines behavior as the response of an organism to various stimuli, whether internal or external. It also defines different types of health behaviors.
2. It discusses several influential models of health behavior change, including the Health Belief Model, Social Learning/Cognitive Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action, and Stages of Change Model.
3. It examines factors that influence individuals' health behaviors and compliance/non-compliance with medical advice, as well as the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding health issues.
This document discusses theories of health behaviour and models for behaviour change. It provides an overview of several influential theories:
- Health Belief Model which assumes behaviour change occurs when an individual perceives a health threat and believes a behaviour can reduce it.
- Transtheoretical Model which proposes individuals progress through stages of change.
- Theory of Planned Behaviour which links behaviours to beliefs, norms and perceived behavioural control.
- Social Cognitive Theory which emphasizes learning from models and social environment.
The document also outlines barriers to behaviour change and notes behavioural science can help design effective public health interventions by understanding factors influencing individual and population health decisions and actions.
This document provides an overview of several common health behavior models:
- The Health Belief Model focuses on perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers to taking health actions. It has been widely used to study preventive health behaviors.
- The Trans-Theoretical Model proposes that individuals progress through stages of change when adopting healthy behaviors. The stages are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Processes of change and decisional balance are also discussed.
- Applications of these models to oral health are mentioned, such as using stages of change for tobacco cessation counseling. While useful, more research is still needed on using these frameworks to predict oral health behavior change.
This document provides an overview of several common health behavior models, including the Health Belief Model and Trans-Theoretical Model. It discusses key concepts and constructs of each model, such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers. The Health Belief Model focuses on attitudes and beliefs that influence behaviors. The Trans-Theoretical Model examines an individual's readiness to change behaviors through different stages. Both aim to help understand health behaviors and design effective interventions.
This document defines key concepts related to health and illness. It discusses definitions of health and wellness from WHO, and lists the human dimensions that influence health. It also describes several models of health and illness, including the agent-host-environment model. The document outlines variables that influence health beliefs and practices. It defines illness and disease and describes types of illness such as acute and chronic. Finally, it discusses the stages of illness and levels of prevention including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
This document provides an overview of various behavior models used in health promotion, including definitions, history, and applications. It discusses models such as the Health Belief Model, Trans-Theoretical Model, Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Locus of Control, and Sense of Coherence. It also provides examples of applications of these models to oral health research, such as using the Health Belief Model to design an oral health education program and examining oral hygiene behaviors using the Trans-Theoretical Model.
Patients in medical rehabilitation (such as for stroke or spinal cord injury) often have many medical problems that reduce their energy and cognition. If their team decides they are 'psychologically unmotivated' they are discharged prematurely to nursing homes. Appropriate medical intervention can restore 'motivation' as well.
ETHICS IN CLINICAL NURSING CHAPTER FOUR..pptxyusufArashid
The document discusses health, illness, and models of health from a nursing perspective. It defines health using the WHO definition and describes health as a dynamic state influenced by internal and external factors. It outlines several commonly used health models in nursing including the host-agent-environment model, health-illness continuum model, high-level wellness model, and health belief model. The document also discusses the physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, and spiritual dimensions affecting health and illness and the roles of nursing in health promotion, prevention, and rehabilitation.
The document discusses several models of health behavior:
1) The Basic Risk Perception Model focuses on likelihood and severity of harm from not acting. Higher risk perception predicts greater motivation to act.
2) The Health Belief Model includes perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers in predicting preventive health behaviors. Perceived barriers are the strongest predictor.
3) Protection Motivation Theory assesses threat and coping appraisal processes. Response costs have the strongest impact on health behaviors and attitudes.
4) The Transtheoretical Model proposes stages of change and processes of change to explain behavior progression. Decisional balance and self-efficacy also predict stage of change.
Stress is the body's non-specific response to any demand placed upon it. There are several models that describe stress, including stimulus-based models that view stress as arising from life events or stressors, response-based models like the general adaptation syndrome that describe the body's physiological response to stress over time, and transactional models that emphasize cognitive appraisal of stressors and individual differences in coping. Nurses can help patients manage stress through assessment, teaching stress management techniques like relaxation, and supporting healthy coping behaviors.
The Suchman's stages of illness behavior model proposes that there are 5 stages people typically go through when experiencing an illness: 1) symptom experience, 2) assumption of the sick role, 3) medical care contact, 4) dependent patient role, and 5) recovery and rehabilitation. The model suggests that as symptoms persist or worsen, individuals will progress from self-diagnosis and treatment to seeking professional medical care and assuming a dependent role, and ultimately attempt to resume normal activities upon recovery. The model aims to describe the typical illness experience and factors that influence behaviors at each stage.
This document outlines content related to concepts of health, disease, illness and wellness. It discusses definitions of these terms and models of health including the health-illness continuum model and agent-host-environment model. It also addresses factors that affect health beliefs and status, such as internal factors like age and external factors like socioeconomic status. The document outlines levels of prevention as primary, secondary and tertiary. It also discusses the impact of illness on patients and families, including changes to behaviors, emotions, roles and family dynamics. Finally, it addresses the role of nurses in promoting and maintaining patient health.
This document discusses the evolution of behavior change communication (BCC) and various theories and models used in BCC. It traces how the concept developed from health education to information, education, and communication to the current definition of BCC as an interactive process to develop tailored messages and approaches to promote positive behavior change. Several individual and group level behavior change theories are explained, including the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, transtheoretical model, diffusion of innovation theory, and social cognitive theory. The document also discusses newer approaches like positive deviance and trials of improved practices. Finally, it briefly outlines how different BCC theories can be applied at various levels to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
This system model provides a comprehensive, flexible, holistic and system based perspective for nursing.
It deals with stress and stress reduction and is primarily concerned with the effects of stress on health.
This model provides a total approach to client problems by providing a multidimensional view of the person as an individual.
The document provides an overview of health, the nursing process, and key concepts in nursing. It defines health and discusses what impacts health, such as the physical and social environment. It then explains the nursing process, which consists of 5 steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment involves collecting both subjective and objective data from the client. Diagnosis involves analyzing the data to identify nursing diagnoses. Planning establishes goals and interventions. Implementation involves applying the planned interventions. The nursing process provides a systematic way for nurses to plan and provide individualized client care.
Rehabilitation Psychology, Effective Teaching Learning, Subliminal Perception...Mayuresh Panda
Psychologists can play important roles in the prevention of mental health problems. There are three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention aims to reduce the overall incidence of mental illness through community-wide efforts. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection through screening high-risk groups to provide crisis intervention. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the severity and recurrence of symptoms for those already diagnosed. Psychologists are well-positioned to contribute to prevention efforts through various roles like reducing psychosocial risk factors, strengthening coping skills, and promoting mental wellness.
Illness cognition and cognitive behavioral approchesMishaRiaz
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TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
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Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Adapting to chronic illness
1. Dr. André Samson, PhD
& Noah M.P Spector, M.S.W.
Faculty of Education
University of Ottawa
Psychosocial adaptation to major chronic illness:
The Task Based Model
2. Introduction: Tracking a New Reality
The past
• Not so long ago a diagnosis of cancer, HIV/AIDS infection or a heart
condition could be perceived as a death sentence.
Present
context
• Indeed, a large number of illnesses, once considered terminal, are now treated
as chronic medical conditions, which is to say that they develop over the long
term.
An
example
• For example, until 1995, a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diagnosis
was equivalent to a death sentence. Today, HIV infection is categorized as a
chronic illness
(Samson & Siam, 2008)
3. Introduction: Tracking a New Reality
In 1995 1493 people died as a result
of an HIV infection in Canada. In
comparison, 45 people died of the
same cause in 2008 ( Public Health
Agency of Canada, 2010)
Mortality due to all chronic illnesses
fell from 794 per 100 000 inhabitants
in 1984 to 622 for 100 000 in 2001
(Public Health Agency of Canada,
2004).
The rate of deaths per 100 000
inhabitants between 1984 and 2000
dropped from 358 to 177 for diseases
of the circulatory and 222-117 for
ischemic heart disease (Public Health
Agency of Canada, 2011).
4. Introduction: A call to adapt
individuals diagnosed with a major chronic
disease must learn how to adapt to their illness
over the long term.
A primary consequence of the decrease in mortality and the subsequent
increase in people living with a chronic illness is that:
rather than prepare to die,
5. Introduction: What is adaptation?
Therefore, .“to
adapt.” literally
means to move
towards a
suitable outcome
or resolution.
“ to adapt.” stems from
the Latin roots “ad”,
which means “towards.”,
and “aptus.”, which
signifies “apt,” in the
sense of something that
is suitable.
Successful adaptation
involves restoring a
sense of normalcy to
one’s everyday life,
“normalcy” is defined
by patients according to
their perceived needs and
situations.
6. 1. Competing Theoretical Models
The predominant theoretical models to describe
the adaptation to major life transitions in general
and to the onset of chronic illness in particular
can be grouped into two main paradigms:
The first paradigm proposes the notion that
individuals adapt by moving through a set of phases.
An example of this theoretical paradigm is Dr.
Kübler-Ross’ stage-based model which has had a
particularly important impact on the field of
palliative care.
The second paradigm revolves around the
notion that adaptation to change is achieved
by accomplishing a nonlinear series of
adaptive tasks.
Examples of this paradigm include the
work of Corr (2003), Moos and Tsu
(1997), Cohen and Lazurus (1984) and
Samson and Siam (2008).
7. 1. Competing Theoretical Models
1.1 Critiquing stage based approaches
Staged-based approaches have been critiqued because of their rigid
linearity. In other words, they are seen as imposing a prescriptive way to
adapt.
This normative aspect does not take the highly subjective and
individual nature of adaptation processes into consideration.
The use of stage-based approaches may therefore lead to the exclusion of
those patients who do not follow these predetermined stages, as well as to
the imposition of unfounded expectations on the medical personnel.
8. 1. Competing Theoretical Models
1.2 A Promising Alternative
The second paradigm revolves around the notion that adaptation to change is
achieved by accomplishing a non-linear series of adaptation tasks (Samson
2006; Corr et al, 2003; Corr, 1992; Cohen & Lazarus, 1979; Moos & Tsu,
1977).
This approach to adaptation appears to present a more effective alternative to
the process of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness.
9. 1. Competing Theoretical Models
1.3 Task based model: core assumptions
• The process of adaptation to chronic illness is highly individual.
• The task-based model does not delineate an ideal way to adapt – the ideal manner being the
one that the patient chooses to follow.
Assumption # 1: Highly individual
• Essentially phenomenological and transactional in nature.
• Through cognitive appraisal, patients continually evaluate and re-evaluate the impact of
chronic illness on different aspects of their everyday lives.
• The importance given to cognitive appraisal underlies the highly individual nature of this
adaptive process.
Assumption # 2: Cognitive and transactional
10. 1. Competing Theoretical Models
1.3 Task based model: core assumptions
• Individuals possess an innate drive to achieve, and subsequently maintain,
social and psychological homeostasis with the objective of regaining a sense of
normalcy and satisfaction in life (Moos & Tsu, 1977).
Assumption # 3: Regaining a sense of normalcy
• The process of adaptation usually revolves around the reconstruction of aspects
of the patients’ lives that have been affected by the onset of chronic illness.
• Through this process of reconstruction, patients attempt to regain a sense of
control over their lives
Assumption # 4: Regaining a sense of control
11. • Patients reach a positive outcome when they successfully
reconstruct and reintegrate the aspects of their lives that
have been affected by the onset of chronic illness.
• Negative outcomes occur when patients are unable to
cognitively appraise their diagnosis as a challenge that can
be overcome.
Assumption # 5 : The outcomes
1. Competing Theoretical Models
1.3 Task based model: core assumptions
13. The Integrated Adaptive Model
Source of stress
Diagnosis
Background and personal characteristics
Primary cognitive appraisal
Evaluation of the significance of an event: event seen as threat
Secondary cognitive appraisal
Evaluation of resources: event seen as challenge
Adaptive Tasks
Coping Skills
Information seeking, goal-setting, denying, taking action, minimizing, cognitive processes, requesting support, etc…
Outcome
Positive Outcome
New state of psycho-social equilibrium
Negative Outcome
Psychological deterioration and decline
Physical
Meet requirements
as prescribed
Comply with various
treatment procedures
Relational
Seek social
support
Establish
meaningful
relationships
Vocational
Reintegrate into
work environment
Vocational
rehabilitation or
volunteer work
Spiritual
Find meaning
Develop a sense of
hope
Psychological
Re-establish
emotional balance
Positive
self-image
Sense
of control
- Click on
each task to
see details
14. 2. The Task Based Model
2.1 Component 1: Source of Stress (The diagnosis)
• When an individual is given the news that they have been diagnosed with a
major chronic illness (source of stress) this diagnosis often provokes a crisis.
• Following this diagnosis, the initial process of adapting to a chronic illness
relies on how the stressor (i.e. the diagnosis) is perceived.
• Therefore, the same diagnosis can be appraised in different ways depending on
the circumstances of a particular individual.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
15. 2. The Task Based Model
2.2 Component 2: Cognitive Appraisal
Cognitive appraisal regarding a diagnosis of chronic illness can be classified
into two categories: (a) primary appraisal and (b) secondary appraisal.
Secondary appraisal marks an
evolution in cognitive appraisal;
the diagnosis is now perceived
as a challenge that requires
adaptive efforts.
Primary appraisal encompasses
initial psychological reactions
such as denial, fear, resentment
anxiety or even anger
16. 2. The Task Based Model
2.2 Component 2: Cognitive Appraisal
• Cognitive assessment of the diagnosis determines the trajectory of the
whole process of adaptation (Cohen & Lazarus, 1979).
• As the diagnosis and its consequences become part of everyday life, the
initial shock fades.
• Secondary cognitive appraisal emerges from this evolution in which the
chronic illness is increasingly perceived as a challenge to overcome.
• The individual then begins to reconstruct their life through adaptive tasks.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
17. 2. The Task Based Model
2.3 Component 3: Adaptive Tasks
Adaptive tasks encompass the principal aspects of human functioning that
allow the process of adaptation to occur.
The adaptive tasks are of a physical, psychological, social, spiritual and
vocational nature.
The person gradually accomplishes these adaptive tasks and can perform
either one task or several at a time.
The accomplishment of these five adaptive tasks can be achieved
simultaneously or in succession, with the accomplishment of a specific
task potentially facilitating that of another.
This process may vary from one individual to the next, depending on their
appraisal of the illness, their personal situation and overall coping skills.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
18. 2. The Task Based Model
2.3 Component 3: Adaptive Tasks
2.3.1 The Physical Task
Meeting
medical
requirements
Compliance
to various
treatment
procedures
Seeking
information
about the
illness
Maintaining
a healthy
lifestyle
Click here to go back to the integrated model
19. 2. The Task Based Model
2.3 Component 3: Adaptive Tasks
2.3.2 The Psychological Task
Therefore the psychological task implies maintaining satisfactory emotional equilibrium
and regaining a sense of control over one’’s life.
Consequently, living with a chronic illness can negatively effect a patient’s perception of
themself.
Persons living with a chronic illness may face a certain degree of uncertainty, anxiety and a
change in their physical appearance/ abilities.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
20. 2. The Task Based Model
2.3 Component 3: Adaptive Tasks
2.3.3 The Social Task
• Chronic illness may
trigger stigmatization
and social isolation
• In this context, the
social task means
gaining effective
support from
significant others.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
21. 2. The Task Based Model
2.3 Component 3: Adaptive Tasks
2.3.4 The Spiritual Task
The onset of
chronic illness
may confront
patients
prematurely with
their own
finitude.
Seeking meaning
may become a
necessity.
The completion
of the spiritual
task can play a
role in the
process of
adaptation to
chronic illness.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
22. 2. The Task Based Model
2.3 Component 3: Adaptive Tasks
2.3.5 The Vocational Task
Given the advancements in medical knowledge, patients living with
chronic illness are increasingly capable of maintaining an active
lifestyle and engaging in meaningful activities.
Career, or different life roles, whether paid or unpaid, remains for
most people a preferred way of expressing themselves and
integrating into society.
Through the vocational task, which includes work that is both paid
and unpaid, patients may resume their professional occupations,
give a new orientation to their career or get involved in volunteer
work.
Click here to go back to the integrated model
23. If adaptive tasks are seen as the general domains of adjustment, then coping
skills may be understood as the specific means to accomplish these tasks.
These skills embody both cognitive and behavioural components.
Some examples of coping skills:
Denying or minimizing
the seriousness of a crisis,
seeking relevant
information,
learning specific illness
related procedures.
2. The integrated model
2.4 Coping Skills
Click here to go back to the integrated model
24. Positive Outcome:
A new state of
psychological
equilibrium.
Negative Outcome:
Psychological
deterioration and
decline.
2. The integrated model
2.5 Outcome
25. Conclusion
• Adaptation to major chronic illness is a highly individual process.
• The task-based model takes into account the fact that each individual
cognitively appraises the onset of illness in a unique manner.
• Consequently, individuals adapt in unique ways depending on the
psychosocial contexts of their lives.
Editor's Notes
These statistics need to be updated. See Health Canada site.