ACTIVITY-SHEET-Energy-Resources for science 11.pdf

Teacher Mr. Vergel L. Jandayan Date August 2019
School Mataas na Paaralang Neptali A. Gonzales Time 1:00pm to 2:00pm
Subject Earth Science Quarter 1st
Semester
GROUP 1 - Nuclear Energy Resources
I. Objectives:
- Discuss the importance of using nuclear energy resources
- Show the sample model of nuclear power plant and explain the simple
process of energy flow converting to electricity using shoeboxes and other
given materials.
II. Materials:
Manila Paper Scotch tape Model unit of energy source
Cartolina Double-sided tape Coloring materials
Bond paper Permanent Marker 3pcs. Scissors 3pcs
III. INFORMATION.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear energy comes from splitting atoms in a reactor to heat water into steam, turn a
turbine and generate electricity. Ninety-seven nuclear reactors in 29 states generate nearly 20
percent of the nation’s electricity, all without carbon emissions because reactors use uranium,
not fossil fuels. These plants are always on: well-operated to avoid interruptions and built to
withstand extreme weather, supporting the grid 24/7.
All that power and potential from a tiny atom.
Nuclear energy is the energy released by a chain reaction, especially by fission or fusion.
Practically speaking, nuclear energy uses fuel made from mined and processed uranium to make
steam and generate electricity.
Nuclear energy has one of the lowest environmental impacts on land and natural resources of
any electricity source.
PROCESS:
A nuclear reactor produces electricity in much the same way other power plants do. The chain
reaction produces the energy, which turns water into steam. The pressure of the steam turns a
generator, which produces electricity.
The difference is in how the heat is created. Power plants that run on fossil fuels burn coal, oil or
natural gas to generate heat. In a nuclear energy plant, heat is produced from splitting atoms – a
process called nuclear fission.
 Nuclear reactor creates heat that is used to make steam
 The steam turns a turbine connected to an electromagnet, called a generator
 The generator produces electricity
In a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) – the type of reactor being built in the UAE – high
pressure prevents water in the reactor vessel from boiling. The super-heated water is carried to a
steam generator, which is made up of many small pipes. The heat in these pipes is used to turn a
second, isolated, supply of water to steam, which is in turn used to drive the turbine. The water
from the reactor is pumped back into the reactor vessel and reheated. The steam from the turbine
is cooled in a condenser and the resulting water is sent back to the steam generator.
 Uranium
Enriched uranium is the fuel for nuclear reactors. Uranium is an abundant, naturally radioactive
element found in most rocks. As uranium breaks down or decays, it produces heat inside the
Earth’s crust. A similar process generates heat inside a nuclear reactor.

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 Nuclear Fission
Fission is the process of splitting a nucleus in two.
Inside each uranium fuel pellet, there are millions of uranium nuclei. When these nuclei are split, a
huge amount of energy is released. Some of this energy is from radiation, but the biggest source
is kinetic energy. This is the energy that produces heat inside a reactor, which in turn is used to
generate steam, and ultimately creates electricity.
 Worldwide facts
For more than 50 years, nuclear energy has provided the world with reliable electricity. Today,
more than 450 plants are operating in more than 30 countries.
These plants generate around 11 percent of the world’s electricity without emitting greenhouse
gases. More nations are exploring the use of nuclear energy, particularly as electricity demand
increases and concerns about climate change rise.
ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
1. Relatively Low Costs
The initial construction costs of nuclear power plants are large. On top of this, when the power
plants first have been built, we are left with the costs to enrich and process the nuclear fuel (e.g.
uranium), control and get rid of nuclear waste, as well as the
maintenance of the plant. The reason this is under advantages is that nuclear energy is cost-
competitive. Generating electricity in nuclear reactors is cheaper than electricity generating from
oil, gas and coal, not to speak of the renewable energy sources!
2. Base Load Energy
Nuclear power plants provide a stable base load of energy. This can work synergistic with
renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The electricity production from the plants can
be lowered when good wind and solar resources are available and cranked up when the demand
is high.
3. Low Pollution
It is in most cases more beneficial, in terms of the climate crisis, to replace other energy
harnessing methods we use today with nuclear power. The environmental effects of nuclear
power are relatively light compared to those. However, nuclear waste is potential harmful for both
humans and the environment.

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4. Thorium
Reports show that with the yearly fuel consumption of today’s nuclear power plants, we have
enough uranium for 80 years. It is possible to fuel nuclear power plants with other fuel types than
uranium. Thorium, which also is a greener alternative, has lately been given an increased
amount of attention. China, Russia and India have already plans to start using thorium to fuel
their reactors in the near future.
It looks like nuclear fuel is of good availability if we combine the reserves of the different types
together. In other words, hopefully enough time for us to find cost-competitive greener ways of
harnessing energy.
5. Sustainable?
Is nuclear energy renewable or non-renewable? This is a good question. By definition, nuclear
energy is not a renewable energy source. As I mentioned above, there is a limited amount of fuel
for nuclear power available. On the other hand, you could argue that nuclear energy is potentially
sustainable by the use of breeder reactors and fusion reactors. Nuclear fusion is the holy grail of
harnessing energy. If we can learn to control atomic fusion, the same reactions as those that fuel
the sun, we have practically unlimited energy. At the moment, these two methods both have
serious challenges that need to be dealt with if we are to start using them on larger scale.
6. High Energy Density
It is estimated the amount of energy released in a nuclear fission reaction is ten million times
greater than the amount released in burning a fossil fuel atom (e.g. oil and gas). Therefore, the
amount of fuel required in a nuclear power plant is much smaller compared to those of other
types of power plants.
DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
1. Accidents Happen
The radioactive waste can possess a threat to the environment and is dangerous for humans.
We all remember the Chernobyl accident, where the harmful effects of nuclear radiation on
humans can even be witnessed today. Estimates conclude that somewhere between 15 000 and
30 000 people lost their lifes in the Chernobyl aftermath and more
than 2.5 million Ukrainians are still struggling with health problems related to nuclear waste.

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2. Radioactive Waste
Does nuclear power cause air pollution? The nuclear power plants emit negligible amounts, if
any, carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, the processes in the nuclear fuel chain such
as mining, enrichment and waste management does.
There are many arguments both for and against nuclear power. All in all I would say that the
future of nuclear power looks promising. With new generations of reactors, potential major
breakthroughs such as nuclear fusion, the methods we use to harness nuclear energy will get
better in the next coming years. The question is: Do we need nuclear power or are the
renewables a better choice?
LOCATION
Under a regime of martial law, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos in July 1973 announced
the decision to build a nuclear power plant. This was in response to the 1973 oil crisis, as the
Middle East oil embargo had put a heavy strain on the Philippine economy, and Marcos believed
nuclear power to be the solution to meeting the country's energy demands and decreasing
dependence on imported oil.
Construction on the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant began in 1976. Following the 1979 Three Mile
Island accident in the United States, construction on the BNPP was stopped, and a subsequent
safety inquiry into the plant revealed over 4,000 defects (not confirmed). Among the issues
raised was that it was built near major faults and close to the then dormant Pinatubo volcano.
Issues of overpricing, bribery, corruption, mismanagement were also raised.
In 2009, a bill was filed in the Philippine House of Representatives to recommission and operate
the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant. The cost for rehabilitation was placed at USD 1 billion, to be
shouldered by taxpayers through loans and additional charges to consumers. The Center for
Environmental Concerns-Philippines, No to BNPP Revival, and Advocates of Science and
Technology for the People (AGHAM), and the Freedom from Debt Coalition opposed the bill,
saying that the nuclear plant was defective and dangerous and harbored technical flaw.
Concerns were also raised in the House of Representatives concerning nuclear waste disposal,
geological hazards, and unfinished debt payments.
The Department of Energy of the Philippines in 2016 revived proposals to operate the Bataan
Nuclear Power Plant, with the cost for rehabilitating the plant estimated at USD 1 billion. Issues
were raised against the plant in the Philippine Senate and by Greenpeace Philippines, No to
BNPP, Nuclear Free Bataan Movement, and Balanga (Bataan) Bishop Ruperto Santos regarding
corruption, cost, and safety.
CONVERSION TO ELECTRICITY
Nuclear fission reactors produce heat in the core..THis heat is transported to a water boiler and
steam is produced.Steam drives turbines and rotate generators to produce electric power.
Once reactor become critical it star produce heat..This heat is utilized to make steam drives
turbines and generators which produce electric power.
AVAILABILITY OF THE ENERGY SOURCE
There are about 1012 of Uranium in the top kilometre of the earth’s crust. It is just as well that
this is so, as the heat from the radioactive decay of uranium (and thorium) ores in the crust has
kept the earth reasonably warm throughout the ages and prevented it becoming a cold and
lifeless planet.

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IV. GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the importance of using nuclear power plant in the country?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. What are the disadvantages of this source of energy?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How does Bataan Nuclear power plant cannot generated since the day of being established?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. How much will be the energy source of a standard nuclear power plant in providing electricity
to the country?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Semester
GROUP 2 - Solar Power Energy Resources
I. Objective:
- Discuss the process and importance of using solar energy resources
- Show the sample model of solar power plant and explain the simple
given materials .
II. Materials:
Bond paper Permanent Marker 3pcs. Shoebox 3-4 pcs.
Scissors 3pcs.
III. INFORMATION.
Solar power energy
Solar power refers to the capturing the energy from the sun and subsequently converting it
to electricity. The Sun's energy is in a form of solar radiation. Solar radiation makes the production
of solar electricity possible.
Process and Illustration
Solar panels work by absorbing sunlight with photovoltaic cells, generating direct current (DC)
energy and converting it in to us able alternating current (AC) energy with the help of inverter
technology .A C energy then flows through the home's electrical panel and distributed
accordingly.
Benefits to the community •
Advantages
Renewable, Reduces electricity bills, Diverse application, Low maintenance cost
Disadvantages
Cost, Weather dependent, Solar energy storage is expensive, Uses a lot of space,
Associated of pollution

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Location Strategy
Location in building up solar power plant mainly placed in places where in a bundant in direct rays
of sunlight or geographically receives high amount of sunlight such as, mountain ous areas
orinvalleys. Major solar farms in the Philippines can be found in Cavite, Pampanga, Ilucos Norte,
Cagayan de Oriental so in Toledo, Cebu.
Conversation to Electricity
Using 4 hours of sun, gives youth is equation;
250watts×4hours
That's 1kwh (1000watts)in a day per 250 watt solar panel. If you multiply 1kwh panel by 30 days
in a month you'll find that each 250 watts rated solar panel will produce about 30kwh in an
average month.
Availability of solar energy
Solar energy can seems nearly limitless, the rotation of the earth provides a major limitation to
continuous solar power. Locations close to the north and south poles experience extended hours
of sun light, but it is only for aportion of the year , and they experience reduced hours of sunlight
opposite times of the year. Some solar power facilities employ energy storage systems to store
excess power during off peaks period sand to deliver during peak periods or overnight .
Example of Solar Power Plant
5MW Solar Power Plant in Toledo, Cebu City . KaTei Solar Inc
1. What is the importance of using solar power energy?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. What are the limitations of this source of energy?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How do you compare this energy source to other sources of electricity?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. How much stored energy will take per panel within a day of sunlight?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Semester
GROUP 3 - Geothermal Energy Resources
I. Objectives:
- Discuss the process and importance of using geothermal energy resources
- Show the sample model of geothermal power plant and explain the simple
given materials.
II. Materials:
III. INFORMATION.
Geothermal Energy
Definition:
Geothermal energy is heat within the earth. The word geothermal comes from the Greek
words geo (earth) and therme (heat). Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because
heat is continuously produced inside the earth. Geothermal power plants, which use heat from deep
inside the Earth to generate steam to make electricity. Geothermal heat pumps, which tap into heat
close to the Earth's surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings.
Process:
Geothermal Power Plants
At a geothermal power plant, wells are drilled 1 or 2 miles deep into the Earth to pump steam
or hot water to the surface. You're most likely to find one of these power plants in an area that has
a lot of hot springs, geysers, or volcanic activity, because these are places where the Earth is
particularly hot just below the surface
1. Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under high pressure.

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2. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which causes the water to turn
into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.
4. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Not all geothermal energy comes from power plants. Geothermal heat pumps can do all sorts
of things—from heating and cooling homes to warming swimming pools. These systems transfer
heat by pumping water or a refrigerant (a special type of fluid) through pipes just below the Earth's
surface, where the temperature is a constant 50 to 60°F.
During the winter, the water or refrigerant absorbs warmth from the Earth, and the pump
brings this heat to the building above. In the summer, some heat pumps can run in reverse and
help cool buildings.
1. Water or a refrigerant move through a loop of pipes.
2. When the weather is cold, the water or refrigerant heats up as it travels through the part of the
loop that's buried underground.
3. Once it gets back above ground, the warmed water or refrigerant transfers heat into the building.
4. The water or refrigerant cools down after its heat transferred. It pumped back underground where
it heats up once more, starting the process again.
5. On a hot day, the system can run in reverse. The water or refrigerant cools the building and then
pumped underground where extra heat transferred to the ground around the pipes.

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Benefits of Geothermal Energy:
 Geothermal power plants, unlike plants that burn fossil fuels, do not produce greenhouse
gases that can be harmful to the atmosphere.
 Geothermal energy is renewable energy because once water or steam is used, it can be
pumped back into the ground.
 Geothermal energy is a renewable resource as long as the Earth exists.
Location:
Locations near to places with volcanic activity, places with geysers, hot water springs and
the like are potential geothermal sites.
The main countries that have large geothermal power plants are United States, Philippines,
Mexico, Italy and Indonesia. Eighty Five % of the present geothermal generation are in countries
that lie on the “Ring of Fire." Ring of Fire is the geographical locations on the Pacific Rim that have
high volcanic and earthquake activities.
Geothermal energy conversion to Electricity:
Water or working fluid is heated (or used directly in case of geothermal dry
steam power plants), and then sent through a steam turbine where the thermal energy (heat)
is converted to electricity with a generator through a phenomenon called electromagnetic induction.
Availability of Geothermal Energy:
Geothermal energy is heat within the earth. Earth energy can be tapped almost anywhere
with geothermal heat pumps and direct-use application, so it means that this energy is available
anywhere.
Examples in the Country:
Station Capacity
(MW)
Community Status
Mahanagdong Geothermal
Power Station (Steam is from
Leyte Geothermal Production
Field)
180 Ormoc City, Leyte Operational
Makiling-Banahaw (Mak-Ban)
Geothermal Power Plant
(Philippine Geothermal
Production Company, Inc.)
480 Brgy. Bitin, Bay,
Laguna
Operational
Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant
(Philippine Geothermal
Production Company, Inc.)
275 Tiwi, Albay Operational

Semester
1. What is the importance of using geothermal power plant as one of the energy source to the
community?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. How much energy can provide electricity to the household using this energy source?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. What are the implications/disadvantages of using this kind of energy resources?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. How efficient is this source to provide electricity in the community?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Semester
GROUP 4 - Wind Energy Resources
I. Objective:
- Discuss the importance of using wind energy resources
- Show the sample model of wind energy source and explain the simple
given materials.
II. Materials:
III. INFORMATION.
WIND ENERGY
Wind power involves converting wind energy into
electricity by using wind turbines. A wind turbine usually
has 3 propellers-like blades called a rotor. The rotor is
attached to a tall tower. On average wind towers in
residential settings are about 20m high. The reason why
the tower is so tall is because winds are stronger higher
from the ground and there’s less of a buffeting effect.
Wind comes from atmospheric changes: changes
in temperature and pressure makes the air move around
the surface of the earth. All of which is triggered by the
sun. So, in a way, wind energy is another form of solar
power.
A wind turbine captures the wind to produce energy. The wind makes the rotor spin; as the rotor
spins, the movement of the blades drives a generator that creates energy. The motion of the blades
turning is kinetic energy. It is this power that we convert into electricity.

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The conversion of wind into electricity
Wind power converts into electricity by magnets moving past stationary coils of wire known as
the stator. As the magnets pass the stator, AC electricity production occurs. It is then converting
into DC electricity. This can charge batteries which store the electrical energy or can feed into a
grid interactive inverter for feeding power
into the electricity grid.
The benefits of wind power
Wind power is a clean energy source that
we can rely on for the long-term future.
A wind turbine creates reliable, cost-
effective, pollution free energy. It is
affordable, clean and sustainable. One
wind turbine can be sufficient to generate
energy for a household.
Because wind is a source of energy which
is non-polluting and renewable, the
turbines create power without using fossil
fuels. That is, without producing
greenhouse gases or radioactive or toxic
waste.

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Wind turbine installation
You can install wind turbines on properties, on boats, or caravans. Whether it is viable depends
entirely on the amount of wind resources available in your area. The first thing you need to do is
to find out the average speed in your area. While using freely available data gives an indication, the
most reliable method is a reading taken at your site.
The average wind speed needs to be above 5m/s (18km per hour) to make installing a wind turbine
worthwhile. Ideal locations for wind turbines are:
 in the country,
 on farms, or
 on the coast
Basically, anywhere away from built-up areas. The more buildings around the installation, the less
wind there is. Setting up a wind turbine is a big job that takes time. It can be a very cost-effective
way of creating power as long as the average wind speed is high enough.
How much electricity can one wind turbine generate?
The output of a wind turbine depends on the turbine's size and the wind's speed through the rotor.
An average onshore wind turbine with a capacity of 2.5–3 MW can produce more than 6 million
kWh in a year – enough to supply 1,500 average EU households with electricity.
An average offshore wind turbine of 3.6 MW can power more than 3,312 average EU households.
Wind power plant
Station
Capacity
(MW)
Commissioned Community Status
Burgos Wind
Farm
150 2014 Burgos, Ilocos Norte Operational
Philippine Wind
Farm
48
Puerto
Galera, Mindoro
Under
construction
Bangui Wind
Farm
33 2005 Bangui, Ilocos Norte Operational
Caparispisan
Wind Farm
81 2014
Pagudpud, Ilocos
Norte
Operational
San Lorenzo
Wind Farm
54 2014
San
Lorenzo, Guimaras
Operational

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Station
Capacity
(MW)
Commissioned Community Status
Pililla Wind
Farm
54 2015 Pililla, Rizal Operational
Nabas Wind
Farm
36 2015 Nabas, Aklan Operational
Sembrano Wind
Farm
72 Pililla, Rizal
Under-
Construction
Caunayan
Wind Farm
84
Pagudpud, Ilocos
Norte
Proposed
1. What are the importance of using wind energy?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How will the engineer consider the location of this energy source?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. How much is the electricity by means of this source of energy will be provided to the
community?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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GROUP 5 - Hydroelectric Energy Resources
I. Objective:
- Discuss the importance of using hydroelectric energy resources
- Show the sample model of hydroelectric power plant and explain the simple
given materials.
II. Materials:
Bond paper Permanent Marker 3pcs.
III. INFORMATION.
HOW HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY WORK
Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic
energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from
the turbine into electrical energy
Parts of a Hydroelectric Plant
Most conventional hydroelectric plants include four major components (see graphic below):
1. Dam. Raises the water level of the river to create falling
water. Also controls the flow of water. The reservoir that is
formed is, in effect, stored energy.
2. Turbine. The force of falling water pushing against the
turbine's blades causes the turbine to spin. A water turbine
is much like a windmill, except the energy is provided by
falling water instead of wind. The turbine converts the kinetic
energy of falling water into mechanical energy.
3. Generator. Connected to the turbine by shafts and
possibly gears so when the turbine spins it causes the
generator to spin also. Converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electric energy.
Generators in hydropower plants work just like the generators in other types of power plants.
4. Transmission lines. Conduct electricity from the hydropower plant to homes and business.
How Much Electricity Can a Hydroelectric Plant Make?
The amount of electricity a hydropower plant produces depends on two factors:
1. How Far the Water Falls. The farther the water falls, the more power it has. Generally, the
distance that the water falls depends on the size of the dam. The higher the dam, the farther the
water falls and the more power it has. Scientists would say that the power of falling water is
"directly proportional" to the distance it falls. In other words, water falling twice as far has twice as
much energy.

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2. Amount of Water Falling. More water falling through the turbine will produce more power. The
amount of water available depends on the amount of water flowing down the river. Bigger rivers
have more flowing water and can produce more energy. Power is also "directly proportional" to
river flow. A river with twice the amount of flowing water as another river can produce twice as
much energy.
Electric Energy = (339 kilowatts) x (24 hours per day) x (365 days per year) = 2,969,000 kilowatt hours.
The average annual residential energy use in the U.S. is about 3,000 kilowatt-hours for each person. So
we can figure out how many people our dam could serve by dividing the annual energy production by
3,000.
People Served = 2,969,000 kilowatts-hours / 3,000 kilowatt-hours per person) = 990 people.So our local
irrigation or recreation dam could provide enough renewable energy to meet the residential needs of 990
people if we added a turbine and generator.
BENEFITS TO THE COMMUNITY OF HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
Hydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source, meaning it won't pollute the air like power
plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.
Hydroelectric power is a domestic source of energy, allowing each state to produce their own energy
without being reliant on international fuel sources.
The energy generated through hydropower relies on the water cycle, which is driven by the sun, making it
a renewable power source, making it a more reliable and affordable source than fossil fuels that are
rapidly being depleted.
Impoundment hydropower creates reservoirs that offer a variety of recreational opportunities, notably
fishing, swimming, and boating. Most water power installations are required to provide some public
access to the reservoir to allow the public to take advantage of these opportunities.
Some hydropower facilities can quickly go from zero power to maximum output. Because hydropower
plants can generate power to the grid immediately, they provide essential back-up power during major
electricity outages or disruptions.
In addition to a sustainable fuel source, hydropower efforts produce a number of benefits, such as flood
control, irrigation, and water supply.
LOCATION
The location when building a hydroelectric station is very crucial.
Beyond just constructing the dam, there are other factors at play. and
failure to address them can lead to several problems, including flooding
the areas adjacent to the station.
Raw Materials
The materials used in the construction of dams determine whether it
will last for long or effectively serve its purpose. The materials that are
used to make the walls of the dam should be able to hold the force of
the water. This means that the site for the dam should be at a place
where these materials, such as cement and ballast, can be easily
found. It is crucial to use high-quality materials to prevent disasters,
such as water flooding in areas near the dam.

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River Path
The best location for a hydroelectric station should be along the path of a river. It should be at least at
the river canyon or at the place where the river narrows. This enables the collection of the water or the
diversion of the river. If the hydroelectric station aims to store maximum water on the dam, the volume
of the basin located way above the dam should be calculated to ensure that the dam does not suffer
from the problems of insufficient water supply, which, in turn, would affect the running of the turbines.
Geological Structure
The station should be located in a place where the land or
the rock structure on which the dam will be built on is strong
enough to hold the weight and the force of the water in the
dam. The walls should have a capability of holding and
sustaining both visible and invisible forces, whether man-
made or natural. The rock structure should have the
capability of withstanding an earthquake and it should not
allow seepage of water, since this weakens the dam. The
walls should be waterproof to avoid being weakened by
water.
Sufficient Water
The flow of the water to the place where the dam is located
should be sufficient enough to fill the dam.
Hydroelectric dams are usually big, and this makes them lose a lot of water through evaporation. The
flow of the water from the river should be high enough to accommodate this loss of water without
affecting the amount of electric power produced.
CONVERSION TO ELECTRICITY
Hydropower is using water to power
machinery or make electricity. Water
constantly moves through a vast global cycle,
evaporating from lakes and oceans,
forming clouds, precipitating as rain or snow,
then flowing back down to the ocean. The
energy of this water cycle, which is driven by the
sun, can be tapped to produce electricity or for
mechanical tasks like grinding grain.
Hydropower uses a fuel—water—that is not
reduced or used up in the process.
Because the water cycle is an endless,
constantly recharging system,
hydropower is considered a renewable energy.

Semester
HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Station
Capacity
(MW)
Status
Agus 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant 80 Operational
Agus 6 Hydroelectric Power Plant 200 Operational
Ampohaw Hydro 8 Operational
Angat Dam 408 Operational
Bakun AC Hydro 70 Operational
Bineng Hydro 1 3.2 Operational
Bineng Hydro 2 2 Operational
Bineng Hydro 2b .75 Operational
Bineng Hydro 3 4.5 Operational
Casecnan Irrigation and Hydroelectric Plant 140 Operational
Ferdinand L Singit Hydro 5.9 Operational
Irisan Hydro 1 3.8 Operational
Irisan Hydro 3 1.2 Operational
Kalayaan Pumped Storage Power Plant 685 Operational
Lon-oy Hydro 3.6 Operational
Lower Labay Hydro 2.4 Operational
Magat Dam 360 Operational
Pulangui Hydroelectric Power Plant 255 Operational
Pantabangan - Masiway Hydroelectric Power Plant 112 Operational
Sal-Angan Hydro 2.4 Operational
San Roque Dam 345 Operational
Sibulan Hydro A 16.5 Operational

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Station
Capacity
(MW)
Status
Sibulan Hydro B 26
Operational
Talomo Hydro 1 1 Operational
Talomo Hydro 2 .6 Operational
Talomo Hydro 2A .65 Operational
Talomo Hydro 2b .3 Operational
Talomo Hydro 3 1.92 Operational
Name of Plant: Agus I Hydroelectric Power
Plant Date of
Commercial Operation: Unit 1:
June 1992 Unit 2:
March 1994 Location:
Marawi City, Lanao del Sur Owner:
PSALM Corporation Operator:
NPC Type of
Plant: Hydroelectric Power Plant Type of
Fuel: Hydro Installed
Capacity: 80 MW No. of
Units: Two (2) Unit 1 –
40 MW
Unit 2 – 40 MW
Ave. Dependable Capacity for CY 2014:
Unit 1 – 35.7 MW
Unit 2 – 36.0 MW
Total: 71.6 MW
Angat Dam is located within the Barangay San Lorenzo
(Hilltop) Bulacan. It supplies potable water to Metro Manila and
powers a hydro-electric power plant. The dam is 131 meters
high and impounds water from the subsequently created the
Angat Lake.
Angat dam has a normal high water level of 210 meters,
according to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa).
It has three gates opening a total of 1.5 meters to gradually
release water that had accumulated due to incessant rains
during typhoons.
In comparison,located downstream of Angat dam, has three gates and 100.8 meters as its normal high
water level (NHWL). Ambuklao dam on the other hand, has two gates with NHWL at 752 meters. Binga
dam which sits downstream from Ambuklao has three gates and NHWL at 575 meters. San Roque dam,
which was receiving water from Ambuklao and Binga, has NHWL at 280 meters.[2][2]
Angat dam supplies potable water and energy to Metro Manila and nearby areas. Surrounded by lush
greens, this place is also ideal for fishing, boating and hunting

Semester
Magat Dam is a large rock-fill dam in the island of Luzon in
the Philippines. The dam is on the magat, a major tributary of
cagayan. Construction of the dam started in 1975 and was
completed in 1982. Magat Dam is one of the largest dams in the
Philippines. It is a multi-purpose dam which is used primarily for
irrigating about 85,000 hectares (210,000 acres) of agricultural
lands,[1]
flood control, and power generation through the Magat
Hydroelectric Power Plant.
The water stored in the reservoir is enough to supply about two
months of normal energy requirements.[1]
The dam was constructed to last for 50 years but increased siltation and sedimentation in the
reservoir, slash and burn farming, illegal logging and fish-caging resulted in the deterioration of the
dam's watershed. The 1990 luzon earthquake also contributed to the increased siltation in the Magat
River system. Because of this, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo instructed various government
agencies to create a rehabilitation plan to improve the lifespan of the dam system.[2]
1. What are the importance of using hydroelectric power energy?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How much is the stored energy of this source in providing the community?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. Is there any other unique and simple example of using hydroelectric energy?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY-SHEET-Energy-Resources for science 11.pdf

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ACTIVITY-SHEET-Energy-Resources for science 11.pdf