Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the surface. It is a crucial hydrological process that affects groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and soil moisture. Understanding the factors that influence infiltration is key for managing water resources and mitigating flood risks.Plant roots create channels and macropores that facilitate the movement of water into the soil. Decomposing plant litter and root exudates improves soil structure and increases infiltration capacity. Develop case studies showcasing the real-world benefits and cost savings achieved through the use of Luminescent Concrete in road projects. • Explore collaboration opportunities with government agencies and municipalities to pilot the solution in high-impact areas. • Conduct research to address any regulatory concerns and streamline the approval process for new road materials. • Offer educational workshops and training sessions to educate stakeholders on the advantages and proper implementation of Luminescent Concrete in road constructionAddressing Needs and Objectives: "We understand the challenges you face in ensuring road safety and visibility, especially in low-light conditions. Our luminescent concrete offers a game-changing solution, providing a glowing pathway that enhances visibility for drivers and pedestrians, ultimately reducing accident rates and improving overall safety. By incorporating our mixture into your road projects, you can achieve your objectives of creating safer, more sustainable transportation infrastructure." Addressing Reservations: "Now, you may have reservations about the feasibility and effectiveness of luminescent concrete for road applications. Let me assure you, our mixture is engineered to meet and exceed industry standards for durability and performance. It's designed to seamlessly integrate with existing road infrastructure while offering long-lasting glow properties and minimal maintenance requirements. While initial costs may raise concerns, consider the long-term benefits: reduced accident rates, lower maintenance costs, and improved sustainability." Closing: "In conclusion, luminescent concrete isn't just a material; it's a beacon of innovation and safety. Join us in illuminating the path to safer roads and brighter futures by incorporating luminescent concrete into your road projects. Contact us today to start the journey towards safer, more sustainable transportation infrastructure for all."Porous concrete and asphalt are innovative materials that have been developed to address the issue of stormwater runoff in urban areas. Traditional concrete and asphalt surfaces are impermeable, meaning that water cannot penetrate them and instead runs off into storm drains, carrying pollutants with it. Porous concrete and asphalt, on the other hand, are designed to allow water to seep through them and be absorbed into the ground below. One of the key benefits of porous concrete and asphalt is their ability to reduce floodi

1. PREPARED BY: MENIL, ARNOLD B.
DIFFERENT
LAND BIOMES

2. 6 LAND BIOMES IN ASIA
1. TUNDRA
2. TAIGA
3. TEMPERATE deciduous FOREST
4. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
5. GRASSLAND
6. DESERT
2

3. TUNDRA
Ecosystem of Tundra
- It's cold - The tundra is the coldest of the biomes. The average
temperature in the tundra is around -18 degrees F. It gets much
colder in the winter and warmer during its short summer.
- It's dry - The tundra gets about as much precipitation as the
average desert, around 10 inches per year. Most of this is snow.
- Permafrost - Below the top soil, the ground is permanently
frozen year round.
- It's barren - The tundra has few nutrients to support plant and
animal life. It has a short growing season and a slow rate of
decay.
- The tundra ecosystem consists of frozen soil, lichens, mosses,
herbs, and plants on arid ground. With lengthy nights and days,
it has long winter and short summer seasons.
ADD A FOOTER 3

4. Role of Tundra to the Environment
As permafrost melts, greenhouse gases are released, and the tundra adds to
the carbon cycle. The planet's capacity to stop greenhouse gases from
building up is diminished. In addition to being the greatest repository of
mercury on Earth, permafrost has the potential to release harmful heavy
metals into the environment.
4

5. BENEFIT
Indigenous groups in tundra
regions have developed
sustainable methods of
resource management and
environmental protection.
While resource extraction in
arctic areas can have a severe
influence on the environment,
it can also create job
opportunities and boost regional
and national economies.
5

6. Climate Change
- Rapid warming in tundra regions results in permafrost thawing,
changes in precipitation, and temperature changes that could lead to habitat
loss and ecosystem disruptions. Stores carbon and emits greenhouse gases,
which contribute to global warming and weaken infrastructure.
- Loss of habitat- Climate change causes tundra habitats to move
northward, which results in species extinction and decline in Arctic regions.
In tundra environments, human activities must be carefully managed to reduce
any negative effects, such as habitat damage, pollution, and climate change. For
long-term preservation, sustainable methods and conservation initiatives are
crucial.
6
Challenges of Tundra Land Biome

7. TAIGA
7
also known as the boreal forest, is one of the
Earth's major terrestrial ecosystems. It is
characterized by its vast expanse of
coniferous trees and spans across northern
North America, Europe, and Asia.
ECOSYSTEM OF
TAIGA
Taiga soil contains permafrost
and bedrock, creating shallow
muskegs with moss, grasses,
and trees. These wet and
spongy bogs may appear solid
but are actually wet and
spongy.

8. ROLE OF TAIGA TO THE ENVIRONMENT
The taiga, or boreal forests, are the most northern
forests on Earth and offer ecological services including
carbon storage and clean water. They are combustible
and home to significant numbers of fauna. Unregulated
mining, logging, oil exploitation, and climate change
are all threats.

9. BENEFIT
To preserve a healthy forest and safeguard
the taiga ecology, hunting is being reduced
there. The Taiga Rescue Network, made up of
NGOs and private citizens, seeks to stop
hazardous consumption through informing
people and doing research.
ADD A FOOTER 9

10. 10
Challenges of Taiga Land Biome
Deforestation and acid rain, which are brought on by factories burning fossil
fuels, pose dangers to the taiga habitat. Because of this pollution, trees
become more vulnerable to disease, cold damage, and insect damage.
Animals are also impacted by acid rain because it kills trees that provide
habitat and food. No particular group causes acid rain, but the factories that
make fossil fuels are to blame for its impacts.

11. 11
Ecosystem of Temperate
Deciduous Forest
are exposed to warm and cold air masses, which cause this area to have four seasons.
• Three levels of plant life,
including lichen, moss, ferns,
wildflowers, shrubs, and
hardwood trees, are present
in temperate deciduous
forests.
Temperate Deciduous Forest

12. 12
Role of Temperate Deciduous Forest
to the Environment
Temperate deciduous forests are essential for the
environment because they prevent erosion, support
wildlife, preserve biodiversity, control climate, and
provide oxygen. They provide healthier soil for plants
by indirectly controlling stream flow, temperature,
nutrient circulation, and soil formation.

13. Humans depend on temperate forests for recreation, food,
building materials, and oxygen, yet they also pose risks like
acid rain. They offer hardwood, wood for building, and
charcoal for cooking and fuel.
BENEFIT

14. The harm that acid rain causes to tree leaves, decreased seed
production, and decreased susceptibility to disease, pests, and
frost are all effects of industrial and automobile emissions.
Deciduous forests are put at risk by clear-cutting, while native
species are put at risk by the disruption of the ecosystem's
equilibrium by invasive species. Forest composition, structure,
and variety are impacted by logging, grazing, agriculture, fire
suppression, and wildlife management.
Challenges of Temperate Deciduous Forest Land
Biome

15. 15
ECOSYSTEM OF
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
-are primarily composed of broad-leaved trees, which create a dense upper canopy (layer of foliage)
that houses a variety of plants and other living things.
• Rainforests are often partly self-
watering. Plants release water into the
atmosphere through a process called
transpiration. The moisture helps create
the thick cloud cover that hangs over
most rainforests. Even when it's not
raining, these clouds keep the rainforest
humid and warm.
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

16. The harm that acid rain causes to tree leaves, decreased seed
production, and decreased susceptibility to disease, pests, and
frost are all effects of industrial and automobile emissions.
Deciduous forests are put at risk by clear-cutting, while native
species are put at risk by the disruption of the ecosystem's
equilibrium by invasive species. Forest composition, structure,
and variety are impacted by logging, grazing, agriculture, fire
suppression, and wildlife management.
Role of Tropical Rain Forest
to the Environment

17. Tropical woods, fibers, spices, fruits, and pharmaceuticals are
just a few of the things that may be found in rainforests.
Rainforests contain 70% of the plants that are used to treat
cancer, and fungus that devour polyurethane, a tough plastic
used in many items, can benefit human health. Forest fungi
have the potential to lessen trash in urban landfills,
notwithstanding the fact that less than 1% of rainforest species
have had their medical value studied.
BENEFIT

18. The harm that acid rain causes to tree leaves, decreased seed
production, and decreased susceptibility to disease, pests, and
frost are all effects of industrial and automobile emissions.
Deciduous forests are put at risk by clear-cutting, while native
species are put at risk by the disruption of the ecosystem's
equilibrium by invasive species. Forest composition, structure,
and variety are impacted by logging, grazing, agriculture, fire
suppression, and wildlife management.
Challenges of Tropical Rain Forest Land Biome

19. 19
Ecosystem of Grass Land
- are open grassy areas with rare trees and diverse animals like African elephants and prairie
dogs.
• In comparison to savannas,
temperate grasslands have more
dominating grasses, cooler
temperatures, and less
precipitation.
GRASS LAND

20. Forage, fish and wildlife, wood, water, and recreational
resources are just a few of the things these grasslands
are managed for. Although National Grasslands are
appreciated for these fundamental items, they also
provide other crucial services that are frequently seen
as being unrestricted and free.
BENEFIT

21. Threats to natural grasslands, as well as the wildlife
that live on them, include farming, overgrazing,
invasive species, illegal hunting, and climate
change.
Challenges of Grassland Biome

22. 22
Ecosystem of Desert
- it has a layer of soil which can be sandy, gravelly, or stony that depends on what type of
desert.
• Desert ecosystems are arid regions
with little vegetation, sweltering
temperatures, and less than 10 inches
of annual precipitation. Because of the
low humidity in the air, there is no
regulation of the temperature. Deserts
can be very cold or very dry and hot.
DESERT

23. BENEFIT
Over 2 billion people live in deserts, who are dependent on
their ecosystem for food security and culture. Due to their low
human density and plenty of natural resources like oil and
minerals, they provide a habitat. Deserts are valuable
resources because they are significant suppliers of minerals
like coal, copper, gold, iron ore, natural gas, and petroleum.

24. Drought frequency is rising due to global warming, which dries
up water holes. The frequency of wildfires that change desert
landscapes by destroying slow-growing trees and shrubs and
replacing them with quickly growing grasses may increase as
temperatures rise.
CHALLENGES OF DESERT