Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
•
3 likes•1,267 views
1) The document discusses chemical communication between plants and their microbial partners during the symbiotic process of nitrogen fixation. 2) It describes the common symbiosis pathway where nod factors induce calcium signaling in plant cells, leading to calcium spiking and the activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCaMK). 3) Gain of function mutations in CCaMK that deregulate its activity can spontaneously trigger the formation of root nodules, demonstrating its critical role in regulating genes for symbiotic organ formation.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Nucleic acid_Power Point Presentation - By RJ
Sorry for page no 1 & 9. aap sahi kar lena waise to download karne ke baad problem nahi hogi. upload karne ke baad in pages mein problem ho gayi kyonki inme words ke beech space jyada hai. thankyou
Introduction to DNA structure
The document discusses DNA structure and packaging. It explains that DNA is made up of nucleotides that bond together via hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs. DNA exists as a double helix structure that is regularly coiled, allowing it to be tightly packaged. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are further packaged into higher-order structures to allow the genome to fit inside cells.
Essential questions in nucleic acid chemistry
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation tries to address essential questions of RNA world and as to how and why DNA evolved as genetic material.
All about the DNA
This document provides an overview of DNA including its structure, function, discovery, testing, and applications. It discusses that DNA contains the instructions for development, life, and reproduction and is found in every cell. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed from nucleotides. DNA can be tested to determine genetic disorders, carrier status, and disease risk. Mutations in DNA can cause changes in organisms. DNA has many uses including genetic engineering, fingerprinting, personalized healthcare, and industry applications. However, it also has risks if damaged or used for biological warfare.
Cell and molecular genetics
Molecular genetics: it deals with the structure, composition, function and replication of chromosomes and genes, representing genetics material like DNA and RNA.
132
DNA is made up of two antiparallel chains of nucleotides that wrap around each other to form a double helix structure. The nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogen bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. Watson and Crick discovered that the bases pair up between the two strands in a complementary fashion, with adenine always pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine. This precise sequence of bases varies between individuals and carries genetic information.
NA-02: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides held together by phosphate bridges that serve as the genetic material of organisms. There are two main types: DNA and RNA. DNA is found in the nucleus and functions to store and transmit genetic information through its double helix structure. It is made of deoxyribonucleotides and follows Chargaff's rules of equal base pairing. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and certain cellular functions. Both nucleic acids maintain hereditary traits and cellular functions through their roles in gene expression and protein production.
Research Abstract
This study examined how aging affects AICD gene expression in zebrafish. The researchers analyzed AICD RNA levels in the gut tissue of 5-, 11-, and 13-month old zebrafish using qPCR and found no significant difference, indicating that AICD expression is not altered during this period. They also found that changing the zebrafish housing conditions did not affect AICD levels. Future work will involve analyzing AICD and Tcf3a gene expression in 20-month old zebrafish to further study the effects of aging, requiring the isolation of B-cells from the zebrafish.
Recommended
Nucleic acid_Power Point Presentation - By RJ
Sorry for page no 1 & 9. aap sahi kar lena waise to download karne ke baad problem nahi hogi. upload karne ke baad in pages mein problem ho gayi kyonki inme words ke beech space jyada hai. thankyou
Introduction to DNA structure
The document discusses DNA structure and packaging. It explains that DNA is made up of nucleotides that bond together via hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs. DNA exists as a double helix structure that is regularly coiled, allowing it to be tightly packaged. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are further packaged into higher-order structures to allow the genome to fit inside cells.
Essential questions in nucleic acid chemistry
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation tries to address essential questions of RNA world and as to how and why DNA evolved as genetic material.
All about the DNA
This document provides an overview of DNA including its structure, function, discovery, testing, and applications. It discusses that DNA contains the instructions for development, life, and reproduction and is found in every cell. The structure of DNA is a double helix formed from nucleotides. DNA can be tested to determine genetic disorders, carrier status, and disease risk. Mutations in DNA can cause changes in organisms. DNA has many uses including genetic engineering, fingerprinting, personalized healthcare, and industry applications. However, it also has risks if damaged or used for biological warfare.
Cell and molecular genetics
Molecular genetics: it deals with the structure, composition, function and replication of chromosomes and genes, representing genetics material like DNA and RNA.
132
DNA is made up of two antiparallel chains of nucleotides that wrap around each other to form a double helix structure. The nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogen bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. Watson and Crick discovered that the bases pair up between the two strands in a complementary fashion, with adenine always pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine. This precise sequence of bases varies between individuals and carries genetic information.
NA-02: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides held together by phosphate bridges that serve as the genetic material of organisms. There are two main types: DNA and RNA. DNA is found in the nucleus and functions to store and transmit genetic information through its double helix structure. It is made of deoxyribonucleotides and follows Chargaff's rules of equal base pairing. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and certain cellular functions. Both nucleic acids maintain hereditary traits and cellular functions through their roles in gene expression and protein production.
Research Abstract
This study examined how aging affects AICD gene expression in zebrafish. The researchers analyzed AICD RNA levels in the gut tissue of 5-, 11-, and 13-month old zebrafish using qPCR and found no significant difference, indicating that AICD expression is not altered during this period. They also found that changing the zebrafish housing conditions did not affect AICD levels. Future work will involve analyzing AICD and Tcf3a gene expression in 20-month old zebrafish to further study the effects of aging, requiring the isolation of B-cells from the zebrafish.
Dna structure
DNA contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. It exists in cells as a double helix structure, with two strands coiled around each other. Each strand is made up of repeating nucleotide units containing a phosphate, sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). The bases on the two strands bond together in specific patterns, with adenine bonding only to thymine and cytosine bonding only to guanine. This allows the DNA strands to reliably replicate and pass genetic information from parents to offspring. While DNA provides the code, RNA is involved in expressing this code by assisting in protein production.
Major and minor grooves dna
describes about the molecular structure of DNA, structure of its grooves, the A:T G:C pairing , proteins
DNA structure, Functions and properties
This document discusses the structure, properties, and functions of DNA. It describes DNA as a polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotides that carries the genetic information found in chromosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The basic structure of DNA involves two anti-parallel strands coiled around each other to form the familiar double helix structure, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs and base stacking interactions. DNA exists in various structural forms and undergoes compaction in the cell, ultimately forming chromatin through association with histone proteins. The primary function of DNA is to serve as the template for its own replication and transcription into RNA to direct protein synthesis.
Dna structure
DNA structure, MD biochemistry, Structural chemistry
Subscribe to my youtube channel for such great contents
www.youtube.com/c/AwesomeBiochemistry
Dna in basic
The document provides a summary of the history and discovery of DNA. It discusses early experiments in the 1920s-1950s that provided evidence DNA was the genetic material, including Griffith's experiment, Avery's work, and Hershey and Chase's experiment. It then summarizes Watson and Crick's pivotal discovery in 1953 of the double helix structure of DNA, for which they received the Nobel Prize in 1962. The document outlines the chemical and physical properties of DNA including its nucleotides, base pairing, and double helix structure.
Dna Power Point
The document discusses the history and structure of DNA. It describes key experiments such as Griffith's discovery of transformation and Avery's discovery that DNA carries genetic information. The structure of DNA was determined by Watson and Crick who modeled DNA as a double helix. DNA is made of nucleotides with a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules, each with one original strand and one new complementary strand built by DNA polymerase.
Structure of DNA for medical school
The document describes the structure of DNA. It discusses how DNA is composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. The nucleotides are connected by phosphodiester bonds to form two antiparallel strands that wrap around each other to form the iconic double helix structure. The structure was elucidated by researchers like Chargaff, Franklin, Watson, and Crick, with Chargaff determining the base pairing rules and Franklin providing X-ray crystallography data. The double helix consists of the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside and complementary bases forming hydrogen bonds on the inside in the well-known A-T, C-G pairing.
Structure of dna
The document summarizes Watson and Crick's 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA. It describes their double helix model, including that DNA is made of two antiparallel strands coiled around each other and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs (A-T and C-G). It also mentions the key roles of DNA in storing and transmitting genetic information by replication and transcription.
Dissertation final draft satya 4 03 2013
This document is a dissertation submitted by Satya Prakash on the topic of abscisic acid signaling in guard cell movement. It begins by acknowledging the author's dissertation supervisor, Dr. Girish Mishra, and thanking family for their support. The document then provides an introduction to ABA's role in regulating guard cell movement and stomatal closure during drought stress. It discusses several key molecules involved in ABA signaling, including hydrogen peroxide, phospholipase D, phosphatidic acid, reactive oxygen species, and ion channels. The role of these signaling molecules and various mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide generation in guard cells are described over multiple sections.
Structure of dna
Study of DNA with its discovery, structure,Salient features of DNA double helix, helix geometries,Functions of DNA related to structure and summary
Dna
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. It consists of two long strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. Attached to each strand are four types of nucleobases - adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine - that provide genetic information. The structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
Dna the thread of life watson crick model characteristics 2
DNA is a double-stranded helix that contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. In 1953, Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model for DNA based on X-ray diffraction images. Their model showed that DNA is a right-handed double helix with the bases pairing in the middle (A pairs with T and G pairs with C) and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside. This discovery explained how DNA replicates and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next.
Nucleic acids and chromosomes
This document provides information about nucleic acids. It describes that nucleic acids are made up of phosphoric acid, a pentose sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and nitrogenous organic bases. It explains the structure of DNA, including the phosphate groups linking the nucleotides in the backbone and the nitrogenous bases (purines and pyrimidines) linking to the pentose sugar. The document discusses Chargaff's rules of base pairing, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA with antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs, and the various forces that stabilize the nucleic acid structures.
Structure of DNA
Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has a double helix structure, with two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other. They described DNA as a twisted ladder, with the bases on the inside of the helix and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside. The four bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine - form hydrogen bonds between the chains in a specific pairing: adenine binds to thymine, and cytosine binds to guanine. This double helix structure allows DNA to efficiently store and replicate genetic information in cells.
DNA structure
The document provides a history of discoveries related to DNA structure and function. Some key points summarized:
1) In the 1800s, nucleic acids were discovered but their role was unknown. In the 1950s, experiments showed that DNA was the transforming principle that carried genetic information.
2) In 1953, Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA, with base pairing of A-T and G-C. This explained prior findings on base ratios by Chargaff.
3) DNA contains the genetic code as a sequence of nucleotide bases that provides instructions for protein synthesis and cell function. Its double helix structure allows for replication and transmission of genetic material from parent to daughter cells.
Dna cloning by utkarsh
DNA cloning is a technique used to reproduce DNA fragments. It involves inserting a DNA fragment into a vector, which is then used to transform host cells. The key steps are digesting the DNA and vector with restriction enzymes, ligating the DNA fragment into the vector, transforming host cells with the vector, and selecting for cells containing the vector through growth on antibiotic-containing media. This allows unlimited amplification of the DNA fragment for study, manipulation, and protein expression.
Molecular biology
This document provides an overview of DNA structure and properties. It discusses the discovery of DNA's double helix structure by Watson and Crick in 1953. It also describes the types of DNA (nuclear and mitochondrial), forms of DNA structure (A, B, and Z forms), and functions of DNA including storing genetic information and directing protein synthesis. Recent research discussed in the document found that peculiar Retron structures in bacteria act as "guards" for the bacterial immune system when infected by viruses.
Watson and crick model of dna
Watson and Crick proposed a model of DNA structure in 1953 as a double helix with two antiparallel strands coiled around the same axis. Each strand consists of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups with purine or pyrimidine bases stacked inside. Adenine always pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds and guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds. Their model explained experimental X-ray diffraction data and Chargaff's rules of base equivalence. The discovery revolutionized our understanding of genetics and heredity.
DNA structure, the bonds involved and it seperation
DNA structure, and the bonds that stabilizes it. The structural components, units and the proteins involved. Types of DNA and its separation methods. Chargaffs rule and its application
Nucleic acid and its chemistry, dna as genetic material
The nucleic acids are vital biopolymers found in all living organisms, where they function to encode, transfer, and express genes. The nucleic acids are of two types, namely deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA).
EVER WONDERED WHY DNA IS GENETIC MATERIAL INSTEAD OF RNA OR PROTEIN?
Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
1) Calcium and Calmodium-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is the central regulator of plant root endosymbiosis. It decodes calcium spiking signals induced by nod factors and is positioned downstream in the nucleus.
2) CCaMK can bind calcium through both its EF hands and calmodulin binding domain. Gain of function mutations in CCaMK that impair its regulation can cause spontaneous nodule formation.
3) Proper perception of nod factors and generation of calcium spike signals is essential for the symbiotic relationship between plants and bacteria, and negative regulation of CCaMK is important to prevent inappropriate gene expression and organogenesis.
Endocytosis and Endosome Trafficking: Roles in Coronavirus Uptake and Cell Si...
To learn more and watch the webinar, visit:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/endocytosis-endosome-trafficking-coronavirus-uptake-cell-signaling-aps
Endocytosis and Endosome Trafficking: Roles in Coronavirus Uptake and Cell Signaling
Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Email (Opens in new window)
ON DEMAND
Ole Petersen, Roop Mallik and Erwin Neher share late-breaking research looking at endocytosis and calcium signaling in the context of SARS-CoV-2, organelle transport and calcium imaging. This webinar is brought to you by APS’ new journal, Function, and part of their Physiology in Focus learning series.
REGISTER
During this exclusive live webinar, Ole Petersen, Roop Mallik and Erwin Neher discuss how the COVID-19 virus uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to gain entry into host cells, how motor proteins guide endosomes and phagosomes from the cell surface to lysosomes, and how intracellular calcium buffering can be used to modulate cell signaling and calcium imaging.
Endocytic Uptake of SARS-CoV-2: The Critical Roles of pH, Ca2+ and NAADP
Ole Petersen, CBE, FRS
Very recent work shows that SARS-CoV-2 enters our cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, dependent on an endosomal bafilomycin-sensitive proton pump as well as two-pore channels (TPCs). Physiological intracellular Ca2+ signals, mediated by the messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), depend on the very same proton pump and TPCs. Two hitherto completely separate research fields, namely molecular virology and cellular Ca2+ signaling physiology are now coming together, creating exciting new research opportunities.
Trafficking of Endosomes and Phagosomes: Geometry, Force and Cholesterol
Roop Mallik, PhD
Uptake of material from the external world by endocytosis/phagocytosis supplies nutrients to cells, and is also critical for cell signaling. The journey of endosomes/phagosomes begins at the cell periphery and ends at lysosomes near the cell center. I will discuss how the balance of forces generated by antagonistic motor proteins guides this journey, and how lipids are emerging as a master-controller of this balance.
Calcium Buffering in Endo- and Exocytosis Studies
Erwin Neher, FRS
Researchers use calcium-chelators (buffers) to manipulate levels of free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and to shape Calcium signals. Unlike pH buffers, which are used to strictly control pH levels, calcium buffers inside a living cell may not influence the steady-state level of [Ca2+]i at all, but rather slow-down [Ca2+]i-changes induced either endogenously or by the experimenter. Such properties and their consequences on Ca2+-imaging will be discussed.
More Related Content
What's hot
Dna structure
DNA contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. It exists in cells as a double helix structure, with two strands coiled around each other. Each strand is made up of repeating nucleotide units containing a phosphate, sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). The bases on the two strands bond together in specific patterns, with adenine bonding only to thymine and cytosine bonding only to guanine. This allows the DNA strands to reliably replicate and pass genetic information from parents to offspring. While DNA provides the code, RNA is involved in expressing this code by assisting in protein production.
Major and minor grooves dna
describes about the molecular structure of DNA, structure of its grooves, the A:T G:C pairing , proteins
DNA structure, Functions and properties
This document discusses the structure, properties, and functions of DNA. It describes DNA as a polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotides that carries the genetic information found in chromosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The basic structure of DNA involves two anti-parallel strands coiled around each other to form the familiar double helix structure, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs and base stacking interactions. DNA exists in various structural forms and undergoes compaction in the cell, ultimately forming chromatin through association with histone proteins. The primary function of DNA is to serve as the template for its own replication and transcription into RNA to direct protein synthesis.
Dna structure
DNA structure, MD biochemistry, Structural chemistry
Subscribe to my youtube channel for such great contents
www.youtube.com/c/AwesomeBiochemistry
Dna in basic
The document provides a summary of the history and discovery of DNA. It discusses early experiments in the 1920s-1950s that provided evidence DNA was the genetic material, including Griffith's experiment, Avery's work, and Hershey and Chase's experiment. It then summarizes Watson and Crick's pivotal discovery in 1953 of the double helix structure of DNA, for which they received the Nobel Prize in 1962. The document outlines the chemical and physical properties of DNA including its nucleotides, base pairing, and double helix structure.
Dna Power Point
The document discusses the history and structure of DNA. It describes key experiments such as Griffith's discovery of transformation and Avery's discovery that DNA carries genetic information. The structure of DNA was determined by Watson and Crick who modeled DNA as a double helix. DNA is made of nucleotides with a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules, each with one original strand and one new complementary strand built by DNA polymerase.
Structure of DNA for medical school
The document describes the structure of DNA. It discusses how DNA is composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. The nucleotides are connected by phosphodiester bonds to form two antiparallel strands that wrap around each other to form the iconic double helix structure. The structure was elucidated by researchers like Chargaff, Franklin, Watson, and Crick, with Chargaff determining the base pairing rules and Franklin providing X-ray crystallography data. The double helix consists of the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside and complementary bases forming hydrogen bonds on the inside in the well-known A-T, C-G pairing.
Structure of dna
The document summarizes Watson and Crick's 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA. It describes their double helix model, including that DNA is made of two antiparallel strands coiled around each other and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs (A-T and C-G). It also mentions the key roles of DNA in storing and transmitting genetic information by replication and transcription.
Dissertation final draft satya 4 03 2013
This document is a dissertation submitted by Satya Prakash on the topic of abscisic acid signaling in guard cell movement. It begins by acknowledging the author's dissertation supervisor, Dr. Girish Mishra, and thanking family for their support. The document then provides an introduction to ABA's role in regulating guard cell movement and stomatal closure during drought stress. It discusses several key molecules involved in ABA signaling, including hydrogen peroxide, phospholipase D, phosphatidic acid, reactive oxygen species, and ion channels. The role of these signaling molecules and various mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide generation in guard cells are described over multiple sections.
Structure of dna
Study of DNA with its discovery, structure,Salient features of DNA double helix, helix geometries,Functions of DNA related to structure and summary
Dna
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. It consists of two long strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. Attached to each strand are four types of nucleobases - adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine - that provide genetic information. The structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
Dna the thread of life watson crick model characteristics 2
DNA is a double-stranded helix that contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. In 1953, Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model for DNA based on X-ray diffraction images. Their model showed that DNA is a right-handed double helix with the bases pairing in the middle (A pairs with T and G pairs with C) and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside. This discovery explained how DNA replicates and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next.
Nucleic acids and chromosomes
This document provides information about nucleic acids. It describes that nucleic acids are made up of phosphoric acid, a pentose sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and nitrogenous organic bases. It explains the structure of DNA, including the phosphate groups linking the nucleotides in the backbone and the nitrogenous bases (purines and pyrimidines) linking to the pentose sugar. The document discusses Chargaff's rules of base pairing, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA with antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs, and the various forces that stabilize the nucleic acid structures.
Structure of DNA
Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has a double helix structure, with two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other. They described DNA as a twisted ladder, with the bases on the inside of the helix and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside. The four bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine - form hydrogen bonds between the chains in a specific pairing: adenine binds to thymine, and cytosine binds to guanine. This double helix structure allows DNA to efficiently store and replicate genetic information in cells.
DNA structure
The document provides a history of discoveries related to DNA structure and function. Some key points summarized:
1) In the 1800s, nucleic acids were discovered but their role was unknown. In the 1950s, experiments showed that DNA was the transforming principle that carried genetic information.
2) In 1953, Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA, with base pairing of A-T and G-C. This explained prior findings on base ratios by Chargaff.
3) DNA contains the genetic code as a sequence of nucleotide bases that provides instructions for protein synthesis and cell function. Its double helix structure allows for replication and transmission of genetic material from parent to daughter cells.
Dna cloning by utkarsh
DNA cloning is a technique used to reproduce DNA fragments. It involves inserting a DNA fragment into a vector, which is then used to transform host cells. The key steps are digesting the DNA and vector with restriction enzymes, ligating the DNA fragment into the vector, transforming host cells with the vector, and selecting for cells containing the vector through growth on antibiotic-containing media. This allows unlimited amplification of the DNA fragment for study, manipulation, and protein expression.
Molecular biology
This document provides an overview of DNA structure and properties. It discusses the discovery of DNA's double helix structure by Watson and Crick in 1953. It also describes the types of DNA (nuclear and mitochondrial), forms of DNA structure (A, B, and Z forms), and functions of DNA including storing genetic information and directing protein synthesis. Recent research discussed in the document found that peculiar Retron structures in bacteria act as "guards" for the bacterial immune system when infected by viruses.
Watson and crick model of dna
Watson and Crick proposed a model of DNA structure in 1953 as a double helix with two antiparallel strands coiled around the same axis. Each strand consists of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups with purine or pyrimidine bases stacked inside. Adenine always pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds and guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds. Their model explained experimental X-ray diffraction data and Chargaff's rules of base equivalence. The discovery revolutionized our understanding of genetics and heredity.
DNA structure, the bonds involved and it seperation
DNA structure, and the bonds that stabilizes it. The structural components, units and the proteins involved. Types of DNA and its separation methods. Chargaffs rule and its application
Nucleic acid and its chemistry, dna as genetic material
The nucleic acids are vital biopolymers found in all living organisms, where they function to encode, transfer, and express genes. The nucleic acids are of two types, namely deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA).
EVER WONDERED WHY DNA IS GENETIC MATERIAL INSTEAD OF RNA OR PROTEIN?
What's hot (20)
Dna the thread of life watson crick model characteristics 2
Dna the thread of life watson crick model characteristics 2
DNA structure, the bonds involved and it seperation
DNA structure, the bonds involved and it seperation
Nucleic acid and its chemistry, dna as genetic material
Nucleic acid and its chemistry, dna as genetic material
Similar to Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
1) Calcium and Calmodium-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is the central regulator of plant root endosymbiosis. It decodes calcium spiking signals induced by nod factors and is positioned downstream in the nucleus.
2) CCaMK can bind calcium through both its EF hands and calmodulin binding domain. Gain of function mutations in CCaMK that impair its regulation can cause spontaneous nodule formation.
3) Proper perception of nod factors and generation of calcium spike signals is essential for the symbiotic relationship between plants and bacteria, and negative regulation of CCaMK is important to prevent inappropriate gene expression and organogenesis.
Endocytosis and Endosome Trafficking: Roles in Coronavirus Uptake and Cell Si...
To learn more and watch the webinar, visit:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/endocytosis-endosome-trafficking-coronavirus-uptake-cell-signaling-aps
Endocytosis and Endosome Trafficking: Roles in Coronavirus Uptake and Cell Signaling
Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Email (Opens in new window)
ON DEMAND
Ole Petersen, Roop Mallik and Erwin Neher share late-breaking research looking at endocytosis and calcium signaling in the context of SARS-CoV-2, organelle transport and calcium imaging. This webinar is brought to you by APS’ new journal, Function, and part of their Physiology in Focus learning series.
REGISTER
During this exclusive live webinar, Ole Petersen, Roop Mallik and Erwin Neher discuss how the COVID-19 virus uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to gain entry into host cells, how motor proteins guide endosomes and phagosomes from the cell surface to lysosomes, and how intracellular calcium buffering can be used to modulate cell signaling and calcium imaging.
Endocytic Uptake of SARS-CoV-2: The Critical Roles of pH, Ca2+ and NAADP
Ole Petersen, CBE, FRS
Very recent work shows that SARS-CoV-2 enters our cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, dependent on an endosomal bafilomycin-sensitive proton pump as well as two-pore channels (TPCs). Physiological intracellular Ca2+ signals, mediated by the messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), depend on the very same proton pump and TPCs. Two hitherto completely separate research fields, namely molecular virology and cellular Ca2+ signaling physiology are now coming together, creating exciting new research opportunities.
Trafficking of Endosomes and Phagosomes: Geometry, Force and Cholesterol
Roop Mallik, PhD
Uptake of material from the external world by endocytosis/phagocytosis supplies nutrients to cells, and is also critical for cell signaling. The journey of endosomes/phagosomes begins at the cell periphery and ends at lysosomes near the cell center. I will discuss how the balance of forces generated by antagonistic motor proteins guides this journey, and how lipids are emerging as a master-controller of this balance.
Calcium Buffering in Endo- and Exocytosis Studies
Erwin Neher, FRS
Researchers use calcium-chelators (buffers) to manipulate levels of free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and to shape Calcium signals. Unlike pH buffers, which are used to strictly control pH levels, calcium buffers inside a living cell may not influence the steady-state level of [Ca2+]i at all, but rather slow-down [Ca2+]i-changes induced either endogenously or by the experimenter. Such properties and their consequences on Ca2+-imaging will be discussed.
Cell signalling presentation By Nitin K (1).pptx
This document discusses cell signaling pathways and second messengers, focusing on calcium signaling. It defines cell signaling and second messengers, noting that calcium ions serve as a ubiquitous second messenger. It describes the roles of calcium in various cellular processes and the mechanisms that regulate intracellular calcium levels, including calcium entry through voltage-gated and ligand-gated calcium channels, and calcium extrusion via sodium-calcium exchange. It further explains inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) signaling, where IP3 binds to IP3 receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum to trigger the release of calcium stores into the cytosol.
Carbone’S Lab
Carbone's Lab studies voltage-gated ion channels, particularly calcium channels, in various cellular models including chromaffin cells, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and hippocampal neurons. The lab uses techniques like patch clamp recording and amperometry to measure ion currents, action potentials, and neurotransmitter secretion. Current projects examine the coupling of L-type calcium channels and BK channels in chromaffin cell pacemaking, the effects of carbon nanotubes on chromaffin cell excitability, and the roles of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 calcium channels in catecholamine secretion. The lab also aims to study L-type calcium channels in chromaffin and hippocampal cells using multi-electrode
Recent role of calcium in cell signaling
Calcium ions play an important role in cell signaling as a secondary messenger. When cells are stimulated, calcium is released from intracellular stores like the endoplasmic reticulum or enters the cell through ion channels in the cell membrane. This increase in intracellular calcium activates calcium-binding proteins to exert effects on various cellular processes. Calcium signaling is involved in muscle contraction, neuronal transmission, cell growth, and other key functions. It is regulated through calcium influx and efflux mechanisms to maintain appropriate calcium levels in cells. Dysregulation of calcium signaling has been implicated in cancer metastasis and cell damage.
Calcium in Neuronal Homeostasis
Calcium signaling plays a key role in many neuronal functions. It is involved in synaptic transmission, where calcium influx triggers neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. Calcium also regulates neuronal development by specifying neurotransmitter phenotypes in developing neurons. Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis can lead to neurodegeneration or diseases associated with calcium channel defects. Many neurological disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease involve calcium dyshomeostasis.
CVaddinfo
Stefano Cotgnoli has extensive experience presenting and publishing peer-reviewed research. He has expertise in protein biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and small molecule analysis. His doctoral thesis focused on the Ctr family of copper transporters and the regulation and function of Ctr2 in copper homeostasis. He has strong skills in research design, bioinformatics, and scientific techniques.
Calcium as a Regulatory and Signalling ion
This document discusses calcium as a regulatory and signaling ion. It covers calcium facts, history, levels in plasma and cells. It describes calcium channels and binding proteins. The key roles of calcium include:
- Formation of bones and teeth through hydroxyapatite
- Acting as a cofactor for many enzymes through allosteric regulation
- Playing a role in blood coagulation through binding to clotting factors
- Mediating the relaxation and constriction of blood vessels
- Acting as a second messenger to trigger cellular responses through calcium binding proteins like calmodulin.
CcPCa_JBC_1999
This document summarizes research on converting an engineered potassium-binding site in cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) into a calcium-selective site through protein engineering and crystal structure analysis. The researchers previously engineered a potassium-binding site in CCP based on the structure of ascorbate peroxidase. They then designed mutants intended to bind calcium selectively instead. The crystal structure of the first mutant showed binding of a smaller cation like sodium rather than calcium due to disordering of a ligand. A second mutant was then designed and its crystal structure confirmed calcium binding with a fully coordinated ligand environment, demonstrating that an iterative engineering approach can switch cation selectivity in proteins.
Konkol_ACS 2015
This study investigated the structural changes that occur in the protein synaptotagmin-1 (syt1) when it binds lead instead of its native metal ion calcium. Researchers expressed a syt1-GST fusion protein in E. coli and purified it using affinity chromatography. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed syt1-GST unfolded in multiple stages both in the presence and absence of calcium, suggesting calcium does not stabilize the protein structure. Further experiments replacing calcium with lead are needed to understand how metal binding affects syt1 activity in neurotransmitter release.
Calcium signaling in_plant_cell_organelles_delimited_by_a_double_membrane
1) The document reviews calcium signaling in plant cell organelles delimited by a double membrane, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei.
2) It finds that these organelles are able to take up calcium from their environment and generate their own calcium signals. They contain calcium-dependent processes.
3) Specifically, chloroplasts and mitochondria have transport systems that allow calcium entry and transport within the organelle. The nucleus also shows calcium-dependent activities and responses to stimuli with calcium increases.
KL PhD Presentation
1. The document discusses systems biology approaches to modeling the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress. It describes experimental techniques to apply controlled fluid shear stress and measure downstream cellular responses.
2. Mathematical models are formulated to represent molecular interactions and pathways involved in the shear stress response. Model predictions are compared to experimental data to validate and refine the models.
3. The models can provide insights into critical components, feedback loops, and how external perturbations may influence the cellular response to shear stress. Further experimental validation of model predictions is needed.
CALCIUM SEMINAR gmch.ppt
This document discusses calcium homeostasis in health and disease. It covers:
1) The distribution of calcium in the body, with 99% located in bones and less than 1% extracellular or intracellular.
2) The various mechanisms that regulate intracellular and extracellular calcium concentrations, including calcium channels, calcium binding proteins, and hormones like PTH and calcitonin.
3) The key physiological roles of calcium in processes like muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting, and hormone secretion.
4) The manifestations of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia on the body and potential symptoms.
patchclamptechnique-121024031232-phpapp02.pdf
The generation of an action potential in heart muscle
cells depends on the opening and closing of ionselective channels in the plasma membrane.
The patch-clamp technique enables the investigation of
drug interactions with ion-channel .
The Isolated cells are ready for experiment.
Glass micro-pipette - a tip opening of about 1 μm, is
placed onto the cell
Ca2+_CI_2011
Calcium (Ca2+) binding is essential for the structure and activity of complex I in Escherichia coli. Purified complex I is strongly inhibited by the calcium chelator EDTA, with half maximal inhibition at 2.5 μM EDTA. Membrane-bound complex I is less sensitive to EDTA inhibition than purified complex I, indicating calcium binding is affected by removal from the membrane. Reconstituted complex I has intermediate sensitivity to EDTA, becoming as sensitive as purified complex I after washing, suggesting a loss of factors that influence calcium binding upon purification and reconstitution. Tight binding of calcium is required to maintain complex I activity.
N195P_Biochem_2002
This document summarizes research on engineering a cation-binding site into cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) in order to study the effects on enzyme activity and structure. A key residue (Asn195) in the engineered cation-binding loop was mutated to proline to stabilize the loop conformation. Crystal structure analysis showed the loop is stabilized in the closed conformation when potassium is bound. While enzyme activity is reduced, it can be titrated based on potassium concentration. The goals were to better understand how cation binding and loop conformation impact electron transfer from cytochrome c and the stability of the tryptophan radical in the enzyme's active site.
OPC Maturation Article Presentation
Presentation for the Nature paper: Bergles, et al. Glutamatergic synapses on
oligodendrocyte precursor
cells in the hippocampus, request download for animations
Oncology: Spatial Localization of Ras proteins
This is a presentation of work done at the MPI Dortmund from 2008-2013 on the mechanism through with localization of the Ras protein in generated in cells. It presents the inhibiton Palmostatin-B, which inhibits this mechanism, leading to reveral of oncogenic signaling and cancerous phenotypes.
Ion channels as drug target
This document discusses ion channels, which are pore-forming membrane proteins that control the flow of ions across cell membranes. There are two main classes of ion channels: voltage-gated channels, whose gating is controlled by membrane polarization, and ligand-gated channels, whose gating is controlled by the binding of intracellular ligands. The document provides examples of different types of ion channels including potassium channels, calcium channels, chloride channels, GABA and glycine receptors. It also discusses some drugs that work by blocking specific ion channels and their potential applications.
Adhesion Forces during Coagulation as Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy
The document summarizes the thesis defense of Ajay Kashi on using atomic force microscopy to study bacterial adhesion during water coagulation. Specifically, it investigated how coagulants like alum and ferric chloride reduce repulsive forces between bacteria, allowing attractive van der Waals forces to dominate and cause aggregation. Experiments measured interaction forces between E. coli bacteria at different coagulant concentrations, finding reduced repulsion with higher concentrations. The work provides a way to optimize coagulation conditions and study interactions like between Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Similar to Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein (20)
Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
Endocytosis and Endosome Trafficking: Roles in Coronavirus Uptake and Cell Si...
Endocytosis and Endosome Trafficking: Roles in Coronavirus Uptake and Cell Si...
Calcium signaling in_plant_cell_organelles_delimited_by_a_double_membrane
Calcium signaling in_plant_cell_organelles_delimited_by_a_double_membrane
Adhesion Forces during Coagulation as Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy
Adhesion Forces during Coagulation as Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy
Recently uploaded
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcPCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Activation of calcium and calmodulin dependent protein
- 1. presented by Ashutosh Kumar & Bharati Singh
- 2. Symbiosis A chemical communication process Research project: plant responses to sweet talk to there microbial partner.
- 3. Microbial intracellular entry PPA:- pre penetration apparatus. PIT:- pre infection threads
- 4. Common symbiosis pathway Speak, friend, and enter: signalling system that promote beneficial symbiotic association in plants. Nature Review .April 2013,vol-11
- 5. Calcium flux Nod factor induced calcium (Ca+) in-flux followed by the efflux of chlorine(Cl-) and potassium (k+) and alkanization of cytoplasm. These ion movement occurred within 1 minute of adding Nod factors and explained earlier observation of membrane depolarization and Ph change. The Membrane polarization was induced wide range of nod factor concentration 10-10 to 10-7 M, with maximum induction at 10-9 and no response at 10-11 .
- 6. Calcium spiking Oscillation in cytosolic Ca have been observed following the nod factors. The Nod factors induced ca spiking occurs with lag of approximately 10 minutes. The ca spikes are predominantly associated with the nucleus. Individual ca spikes have very rapid initial increase followed by a more gradual decline.
- 8. Calcium and Calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) •Component of common symbiosis pathway •Decoder of calcium spiking •Positioned downstream and localised in nucleus
- 9. Two different binding mechanism of CCaMK Kinase domain Calmodulin binding domain EF hands Ca+2 CCaMK bind ca+2 through both EF hands and calmodulin binding domain Animal system- CaMKII
- 10. Regulation of CCaMK S. singh, M. Parniske (2012), university of munich
- 11. Gain of function mutation of CCaMK Threonine (T) CCaMK – CaM binding domain – EF hands Aspartate (D) Isoleucine (I) Spontaneous nodulation Spontaneous nodulation Tirichine, L., et al. (2006) Nature 441: 1153-1156 Based on model plants: M.truncatula, L.japonicus Fully differentiated root cortical cells root nodule primordia
- 12. Transcriptional specificity D.Oldroyd, (2013) ,Nature Review
- 13. Conclusion • Mutants that are defective in the perception of nod factor can no longer host the bacteria •Genration of calcium spike signal is compulsory for symbiosis. •Negative regulation of CCaMk is essential to inhibit inappropriate gene expression and organogenesis •Genetically deregulated to trigger denovo nodule formation
- 14. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- 9