Tio2 photocatalysis uses titanium dioxide to generate reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl radicals when exposed to light that can directly and indirectly destroy bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms by disrupting their cell membranes and intracellular components, providing highly effective and long-lasting sterilization. It has advantages over traditional antiseptics in not requiring heat, producing fewer toxic byproducts, and continuing to decompose pathogens even after initial killing.
This document discusses metabolic activation of natural products at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It provides examples of their research on the metabolic activation of rutaecarpine, evodiamine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and strychnine. For each compound, it identifies the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in bioactivation and describes efforts to characterize reactive metabolites through trapping and protein adduct formation. The research aims to better understand metabolism-mediated toxicity of natural products.
7th International Conference ORBIT, 2010Anne Menert
The document discusses sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in wastewater from a baker's yeast factory. It suggests that anammox bacteria can use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor to oxidize ammonium to nitrite, followed by the standard anammox reaction of oxidizing ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas. This two-step anammox process was observed in a methanogenic reactor treating high-sulfate, high-nitrogen wastewater. The document also examines how the organic compound betaine, present in yeast wastewater, may influence sulfate reduction and methanogenesis during anaerobic treatment.
Grade 8 (M2) Science Vocabulary Studyguide for 2nd semdmentor
This document discusses elements, compounds, mixtures and the structure of matter. It covers the following key points:
1. Elements are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine. Mixtures are combinations of substances mixed physically.
2. Common separation techniques include filtration, crystallization, distillation, and chromatography. Filtration separates solids from liquids, while distillation purifies liquids based on their boiling points.
3. The three main types of rocks are igneous, formed from cooled magma or lava; sedimentary, formed from compressed sediments; and metamorphic, formed from existing rocks subjected to heat and
This document summarizes various physical and health hazards. It lists examples of explosives, flammable gases and liquids, oxidizing substances, self-reactive substances, and gases under pressure. It also provides examples of hazards like skin corrosion, serious eye damage, respiratory sensitization, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. The document includes references for further information on hazard classifications.
The document discusses various types of alkaloids found in plants, including their chemical properties, biological functions, and medicinal uses. It describes that alkaloids often have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring and are bitter tasting. Over 10,000 alkaloids have been identified from a wide range of plants. Examples of important medicinal alkaloids mentioned include morphine, caffeine, reserpine, and quinine. The document also summarizes key alkaloid groups such as isoquinolines, purines, and indoles, and specific alkaloids such as berberine, cocaine, and yohimbine.
This document discusses photosynthesis and its requirements. It states that photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The key requirements for photosynthesis are light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll. The products are glucose, which is stored as starch in plants, and oxygen, which is released.
This document discusses metabolic activation of natural products at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It provides examples of their research on the metabolic activation of rutaecarpine, evodiamine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and strychnine. For each compound, it identifies the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in bioactivation and describes efforts to characterize reactive metabolites through trapping and protein adduct formation. The research aims to better understand metabolism-mediated toxicity of natural products.
7th International Conference ORBIT, 2010Anne Menert
The document discusses sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in wastewater from a baker's yeast factory. It suggests that anammox bacteria can use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor to oxidize ammonium to nitrite, followed by the standard anammox reaction of oxidizing ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas. This two-step anammox process was observed in a methanogenic reactor treating high-sulfate, high-nitrogen wastewater. The document also examines how the organic compound betaine, present in yeast wastewater, may influence sulfate reduction and methanogenesis during anaerobic treatment.
Grade 8 (M2) Science Vocabulary Studyguide for 2nd semdmentor
This document discusses elements, compounds, mixtures and the structure of matter. It covers the following key points:
1. Elements are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine. Mixtures are combinations of substances mixed physically.
2. Common separation techniques include filtration, crystallization, distillation, and chromatography. Filtration separates solids from liquids, while distillation purifies liquids based on their boiling points.
3. The three main types of rocks are igneous, formed from cooled magma or lava; sedimentary, formed from compressed sediments; and metamorphic, formed from existing rocks subjected to heat and
This document summarizes various physical and health hazards. It lists examples of explosives, flammable gases and liquids, oxidizing substances, self-reactive substances, and gases under pressure. It also provides examples of hazards like skin corrosion, serious eye damage, respiratory sensitization, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. The document includes references for further information on hazard classifications.
The document discusses various types of alkaloids found in plants, including their chemical properties, biological functions, and medicinal uses. It describes that alkaloids often have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring and are bitter tasting. Over 10,000 alkaloids have been identified from a wide range of plants. Examples of important medicinal alkaloids mentioned include morphine, caffeine, reserpine, and quinine. The document also summarizes key alkaloid groups such as isoquinolines, purines, and indoles, and specific alkaloids such as berberine, cocaine, and yohimbine.
This document discusses photosynthesis and its requirements. It states that photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The key requirements for photosynthesis are light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll. The products are glucose, which is stored as starch in plants, and oxygen, which is released.
The document discusses two types of bacteria: autotroph and heterotroph bacteria. Autotroph bacteria can produce organic compounds from inorganic molecules using light or chemical energy. They include photoautotrophs, which use light energy, and chemoautotrophs, which use chemical energy. Heterotroph bacteria require organic substrates for energy and are divided into parasites, saprophytes, pathogens, and non-pathogens. Common examples of different bacteria types are provided.
The document discusses the widespread use and environmental persistence of plastics like PET. It describes the identification of Ideonella sakaiensis bacteria that is able to use PET as a carbon source through the secretion of two enzymes, including a PET hydrolase. Testing showed the PET hydrolase efficiently breaks down PET and its intermediates, even when PET is highly crystalline. The enzyme is highly specific to PET compared to other substrates.
Thiocapsa roseopersicina is a type of purple sulfur bacteria discovered in the 1880s. It is a gram-negative, non-motile bacterium that is typically rose or milky white in color. It can be found in microbial mats in hypersaline and marine environments where there is abundant organic matter. T. roseopersicina uses different types of metabolism based on its environment, utilizing photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions and chemolithotrophy in dark environments. It has spherical cells that can form tetrads and uses various substrates for energy. T. roseopersicina plays a role in nitrogen fixation and the detoxification of dimethyl sulfide.
The document discusses the definition and requirements for microbial growth. Microbial growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells rather than cell size. The key requirements for microbial growth include physical factors like temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure as well as chemical nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements, oxygen, and organic growth factors. Different microbes have different temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure preferences and obtain nutrients from various sources.
1) The document provides instructions for a practical experiment to test leaves for starch content using iodine solution. Students are to work in groups of four, wearing proper safety equipment.
2) The method involves boiling leaves in water to remove chlorophyll, then soaking them in ethanol and iodine solution. This tests if starch is present, seen as a color change with iodine.
3) Students must answer preparation questions on photosynthesis, including explaining the process, describing chloroplast structure, and listing photosynthetic pigments. They are given resources to research the topic and join an online class group to collaborate.
The document outlines a lecture on reproduction and growth of microorganisms, including requirements for growth such as physical factors like temperature, pH, and water activity as well as chemical nutrients. It also discusses methods of measuring microbial growth through growth curves and different types of culture media used to support microbial growth in the laboratory.
Chemoautotrophs and photosynthetic eubacteriaramukhan
Chemolithotrophs are bacteria or archaea that derive energy from inorganic chemical reactions. They can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide using inorganic energy sources like hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ferrous iron, or molecular hydrogen. Most chemolithotrophs are found in extreme environments like deep sea vents or volcanoes. They include nitrifying bacteria that play a key role in the nitrogen cycle, as well as bacteria that oxidize hydrogen, iron, or sulfur. The process of chemolithotrophy allows these organisms to act as primary producers in ecosystems where organic material is scarce.
This document discusses the nutritional requirements of bacteria. It states that bacteria require water, a source of carbon and nitrogen, and some inorganic salts to grow and multiply. Bacteria are classified based on their energy requirements, ability to synthesize metabolites, oxygen needs, temperature preferences, and sensitivity to environmental factors like pH, moisture, light and osmotic pressure. The major classifications include phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, heterotrophs, aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, mesophiles and thermophiles. Most pathogenic bacteria grow best at 37°C and neutral pH. Drying and sunlight can kill many bacteria.
The physiological effects of nickel chloride hexahydrate on aquatic microbial biofilm were studied. Microbial biofilm was cultured on incubated sweet gum leaves then exposed to various concentrations of nickel chloride solution. Dissolved oxygen levels were measured before and after incubation. As nickel concentrations increased, biofilm respiration and dissolved oxygen consumption decreased, with the highest respiration at 0.20 mg/L nickel. The study provides insight into how heavy metals impact aquatic food webs.
- Alkaloids are basic nitrogenous plant compounds with physiological effects. They contain heterocyclic nitrogen structures derived from amino acids.
- Atropine is an alkaloid obtained from plants like belladonna. It acts as an anticholinergic and is used to treat conditions like nausea, vomiting, Parkinson's disease, and as a pre-anesthetic.
- Reserpine is obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina and works by depleting catecholamines. It is used to treat psychosis, anxiety, hypertension, and aggression.
- Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic alkaloid obtained from Ephedra that stimulates alpha and beta receptors. It is
Lecture 3 bacterial nutrition and growth-ssuser958c39
This document discusses various environmental factors that affect microbial growth, including temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and oxygen levels. It describes how microorganisms are classified based on their optimal and maximum temperature ranges, as well as their ability to grow under acidic, alkaline, high salt, or anaerobic conditions. The document also covers microbial nutrition requirements, discussing the main macronutrients of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and others needed for growth, and how organisms are categorized based on their carbon and energy sources.
This document discusses bacterial nutrition, growth conditions, and classification. It describes that bacteria can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, using inorganic or organic sources for food. Growth requires nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, minerals, and vitamins. Bacteria are classified by their use of oxygen - obligate aerobes require oxygen, while obligate anaerobes cannot tolerate it. Facultative bacteria can use oxygen but also grow without it. Temperature, pH, oxygen levels influence bacterial growth. Measurement methods include microscopy, serial dilution plating, turbidity, and mass determination.
This document discusses several groups of alkaloids derived from amino acids. It describes Ephedra alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and cathine from khat. Mescaline is a hallucinogenic alkaloid from peyote cactus. Capsaicin, the compound that gives chili peppers their heat, is discussed. Colchicine from autumn crocus is used to treat gout and familial Mediterranean fever. The structures, sources, isolation methods, chemical tests, and uses of each alkaloid are outlined in detail over multiple paragraphs.
Enzymatic antioxidants play an important protective role in seeds. They work to break down reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage. The main enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase. These antioxidants are involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle which helps detoxify hydrogen peroxide in plant cells. Studies show changes in the activity levels of enzymatic antioxidants during seed maturation, aging, storage, and germination as seeds encounter oxidative stress. Maintaining optimal antioxidant enzyme activity helps improve seed quality and longevity.
The document discusses the growth and nutrition requirements of bacteria. It states that bacteria require carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and various minerals to grow. It describes the different environmental factors that affect bacterial growth such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, osmotic pressure and light exposure. It also explains the bacterial growth curve and the different phases of bacterial growth: lag phase, log or exponential phase, stationary phase and death phase.
This document summarizes a study on synthesizing monodisperse mesoporous TiO2 spheres with tunable sizes between 0.6 and 3.1 μm. The key findings are:
1) Increasing the reaction temperature or Ti source (titanium isopropoxide) concentration results in smaller sphere sizes with lower monodispersity.
2) Using purified titanium isopropoxide and n-dodecylamine as a surfactant leads to the largest spheres sizes with good monodispersity.
3) Decreasing the water or titanium isopropoxide concentration in the reaction increases the sphere size but can decrease monodispersity.
This document discusses microbial nutrition, including macronutrients, micronutrients, growth factors, and environmental factors that influence microbial growth. It explains that microbes require carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other minerals as macronutrients, and trace amounts of metals like iron and zinc as micronutrients. The document also classifies microbes based on their carbon, energy, and electron sources, and lists examples like phototrophs, chemotrophs, lithotrophs, and organotrophs. Finally, it describes various mechanisms that microbes use to transport nutrients into cells, such as passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, group translocation, and
The document discusses reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. ROS such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are produced through normal cellular processes but can cause tissue damage if levels become too high. Antioxidants help prevent this damage by neutralizing ROS. The document outlines various antioxidants like vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. It also describes how ROS can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA and discusses the role of antioxidants and ROS in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
Self-Cleaning Finish on Cotton Textile Using Sol-Gel Derived Tio2 Nano FinishIOSR Journals
Abstract: TiO2 Nano Particles have been synthesized using titanium tetrachloride as precursor through Sol-gel
technique. The characterization of synthesized particles was done in XRD and FTIR analysis. It is revealed from
XRD and FTIT spectroscopy that the TiO2 nano particle formation. Subsequently the synthesized particles were
applied on the Cotton textile plan woven fabrics using pad patch method using 1 wt% of acrylic binder. While
coating three different contraction of TiO2 Nano particles were maintained. The self cleaning action of nano
coated fabric has been quantified by measuring photo catalytic degradation of stain due to visible light
irradiation. %of Decrease in K/S value is increased with respect to increase in TiO2 concentration as well as
duration of visible light irradiation. Keywords: TiO2 Nano particls, Self-cleaning property, Nano-Sol, Photocatalysis
Specialty Papers 2014 taking place September 16-18, 2014 in Milwaukee, WI has expert presenters like Graham Moore taking the stage. Moore, a Smithers Pira consultant will be available to chat in Milwaukee!
This document discusses nanocellulose, including its production from various raw materials, properties, and potential applications. Nanocellulose can be produced through various processes like mechanical and chemical treatments. It has properties like high strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability. Potential applications of nanocellulose mentioned include use in electronics, sensors, construction materials, filtration, medical implants, packaging, composites, hydrogels, paints and coatings, paper and more. Characterization of nanocellulose produced from corn husk showed high crystallinity, thermal stability, and particle sizes in the nanometer range. Further stability studies are required before utilizing it in various applications.
The document discusses two types of bacteria: autotroph and heterotroph bacteria. Autotroph bacteria can produce organic compounds from inorganic molecules using light or chemical energy. They include photoautotrophs, which use light energy, and chemoautotrophs, which use chemical energy. Heterotroph bacteria require organic substrates for energy and are divided into parasites, saprophytes, pathogens, and non-pathogens. Common examples of different bacteria types are provided.
The document discusses the widespread use and environmental persistence of plastics like PET. It describes the identification of Ideonella sakaiensis bacteria that is able to use PET as a carbon source through the secretion of two enzymes, including a PET hydrolase. Testing showed the PET hydrolase efficiently breaks down PET and its intermediates, even when PET is highly crystalline. The enzyme is highly specific to PET compared to other substrates.
Thiocapsa roseopersicina is a type of purple sulfur bacteria discovered in the 1880s. It is a gram-negative, non-motile bacterium that is typically rose or milky white in color. It can be found in microbial mats in hypersaline and marine environments where there is abundant organic matter. T. roseopersicina uses different types of metabolism based on its environment, utilizing photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions and chemolithotrophy in dark environments. It has spherical cells that can form tetrads and uses various substrates for energy. T. roseopersicina plays a role in nitrogen fixation and the detoxification of dimethyl sulfide.
The document discusses the definition and requirements for microbial growth. Microbial growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells rather than cell size. The key requirements for microbial growth include physical factors like temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure as well as chemical nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements, oxygen, and organic growth factors. Different microbes have different temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure preferences and obtain nutrients from various sources.
1) The document provides instructions for a practical experiment to test leaves for starch content using iodine solution. Students are to work in groups of four, wearing proper safety equipment.
2) The method involves boiling leaves in water to remove chlorophyll, then soaking them in ethanol and iodine solution. This tests if starch is present, seen as a color change with iodine.
3) Students must answer preparation questions on photosynthesis, including explaining the process, describing chloroplast structure, and listing photosynthetic pigments. They are given resources to research the topic and join an online class group to collaborate.
The document outlines a lecture on reproduction and growth of microorganisms, including requirements for growth such as physical factors like temperature, pH, and water activity as well as chemical nutrients. It also discusses methods of measuring microbial growth through growth curves and different types of culture media used to support microbial growth in the laboratory.
Chemoautotrophs and photosynthetic eubacteriaramukhan
Chemolithotrophs are bacteria or archaea that derive energy from inorganic chemical reactions. They can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide using inorganic energy sources like hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ferrous iron, or molecular hydrogen. Most chemolithotrophs are found in extreme environments like deep sea vents or volcanoes. They include nitrifying bacteria that play a key role in the nitrogen cycle, as well as bacteria that oxidize hydrogen, iron, or sulfur. The process of chemolithotrophy allows these organisms to act as primary producers in ecosystems where organic material is scarce.
This document discusses the nutritional requirements of bacteria. It states that bacteria require water, a source of carbon and nitrogen, and some inorganic salts to grow and multiply. Bacteria are classified based on their energy requirements, ability to synthesize metabolites, oxygen needs, temperature preferences, and sensitivity to environmental factors like pH, moisture, light and osmotic pressure. The major classifications include phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, heterotrophs, aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, mesophiles and thermophiles. Most pathogenic bacteria grow best at 37°C and neutral pH. Drying and sunlight can kill many bacteria.
The physiological effects of nickel chloride hexahydrate on aquatic microbial biofilm were studied. Microbial biofilm was cultured on incubated sweet gum leaves then exposed to various concentrations of nickel chloride solution. Dissolved oxygen levels were measured before and after incubation. As nickel concentrations increased, biofilm respiration and dissolved oxygen consumption decreased, with the highest respiration at 0.20 mg/L nickel. The study provides insight into how heavy metals impact aquatic food webs.
- Alkaloids are basic nitrogenous plant compounds with physiological effects. They contain heterocyclic nitrogen structures derived from amino acids.
- Atropine is an alkaloid obtained from plants like belladonna. It acts as an anticholinergic and is used to treat conditions like nausea, vomiting, Parkinson's disease, and as a pre-anesthetic.
- Reserpine is obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina and works by depleting catecholamines. It is used to treat psychosis, anxiety, hypertension, and aggression.
- Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic alkaloid obtained from Ephedra that stimulates alpha and beta receptors. It is
Lecture 3 bacterial nutrition and growth-ssuser958c39
This document discusses various environmental factors that affect microbial growth, including temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and oxygen levels. It describes how microorganisms are classified based on their optimal and maximum temperature ranges, as well as their ability to grow under acidic, alkaline, high salt, or anaerobic conditions. The document also covers microbial nutrition requirements, discussing the main macronutrients of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and others needed for growth, and how organisms are categorized based on their carbon and energy sources.
This document discusses bacterial nutrition, growth conditions, and classification. It describes that bacteria can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, using inorganic or organic sources for food. Growth requires nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, minerals, and vitamins. Bacteria are classified by their use of oxygen - obligate aerobes require oxygen, while obligate anaerobes cannot tolerate it. Facultative bacteria can use oxygen but also grow without it. Temperature, pH, oxygen levels influence bacterial growth. Measurement methods include microscopy, serial dilution plating, turbidity, and mass determination.
This document discusses several groups of alkaloids derived from amino acids. It describes Ephedra alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and cathine from khat. Mescaline is a hallucinogenic alkaloid from peyote cactus. Capsaicin, the compound that gives chili peppers their heat, is discussed. Colchicine from autumn crocus is used to treat gout and familial Mediterranean fever. The structures, sources, isolation methods, chemical tests, and uses of each alkaloid are outlined in detail over multiple paragraphs.
Enzymatic antioxidants play an important protective role in seeds. They work to break down reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage. The main enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase. These antioxidants are involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle which helps detoxify hydrogen peroxide in plant cells. Studies show changes in the activity levels of enzymatic antioxidants during seed maturation, aging, storage, and germination as seeds encounter oxidative stress. Maintaining optimal antioxidant enzyme activity helps improve seed quality and longevity.
The document discusses the growth and nutrition requirements of bacteria. It states that bacteria require carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and various minerals to grow. It describes the different environmental factors that affect bacterial growth such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, osmotic pressure and light exposure. It also explains the bacterial growth curve and the different phases of bacterial growth: lag phase, log or exponential phase, stationary phase and death phase.
This document summarizes a study on synthesizing monodisperse mesoporous TiO2 spheres with tunable sizes between 0.6 and 3.1 μm. The key findings are:
1) Increasing the reaction temperature or Ti source (titanium isopropoxide) concentration results in smaller sphere sizes with lower monodispersity.
2) Using purified titanium isopropoxide and n-dodecylamine as a surfactant leads to the largest spheres sizes with good monodispersity.
3) Decreasing the water or titanium isopropoxide concentration in the reaction increases the sphere size but can decrease monodispersity.
This document discusses microbial nutrition, including macronutrients, micronutrients, growth factors, and environmental factors that influence microbial growth. It explains that microbes require carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other minerals as macronutrients, and trace amounts of metals like iron and zinc as micronutrients. The document also classifies microbes based on their carbon, energy, and electron sources, and lists examples like phototrophs, chemotrophs, lithotrophs, and organotrophs. Finally, it describes various mechanisms that microbes use to transport nutrients into cells, such as passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, group translocation, and
The document discusses reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. ROS such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are produced through normal cellular processes but can cause tissue damage if levels become too high. Antioxidants help prevent this damage by neutralizing ROS. The document outlines various antioxidants like vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. It also describes how ROS can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA and discusses the role of antioxidants and ROS in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
Self-Cleaning Finish on Cotton Textile Using Sol-Gel Derived Tio2 Nano FinishIOSR Journals
Abstract: TiO2 Nano Particles have been synthesized using titanium tetrachloride as precursor through Sol-gel
technique. The characterization of synthesized particles was done in XRD and FTIR analysis. It is revealed from
XRD and FTIT spectroscopy that the TiO2 nano particle formation. Subsequently the synthesized particles were
applied on the Cotton textile plan woven fabrics using pad patch method using 1 wt% of acrylic binder. While
coating three different contraction of TiO2 Nano particles were maintained. The self cleaning action of nano
coated fabric has been quantified by measuring photo catalytic degradation of stain due to visible light
irradiation. %of Decrease in K/S value is increased with respect to increase in TiO2 concentration as well as
duration of visible light irradiation. Keywords: TiO2 Nano particls, Self-cleaning property, Nano-Sol, Photocatalysis
Specialty Papers 2014 taking place September 16-18, 2014 in Milwaukee, WI has expert presenters like Graham Moore taking the stage. Moore, a Smithers Pira consultant will be available to chat in Milwaukee!
This document discusses nanocellulose, including its production from various raw materials, properties, and potential applications. Nanocellulose can be produced through various processes like mechanical and chemical treatments. It has properties like high strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability. Potential applications of nanocellulose mentioned include use in electronics, sensors, construction materials, filtration, medical implants, packaging, composites, hydrogels, paints and coatings, paper and more. Characterization of nanocellulose produced from corn husk showed high crystallinity, thermal stability, and particle sizes in the nanometer range. Further stability studies are required before utilizing it in various applications.
Production, properties and applications of cellulose acetate WebConnect Pvt Ltd
Cellulose acetate (C6H7O2(OH)3 ), basically a chain of glucose molecules, is a heavily useful industrial compound that is used in many important products used worldwidely
everyday. It is an acetate ester also known as Cellon or Rhodoid or Zyl or Zylonite. Mostly it is used as fiber material in industries.
Production Procedure of Cellulose Acetate
-Cellulose is derived from wood pulp or linters of cotton. This is not 100% pure cellulose.
Instead, it is 6-7% concentrated cellulose in water.
-In displacement and acetylation phase, firstly water or impure acetic base used to make
cellulose s.....
The document discusses hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. It defines hydrophobicity as having a water contact angle greater than 90 degrees and defines superhydrophobicity as having a contact angle greater than 150 degrees. It describes common methods for creating superhydrophobic surfaces like sol-gel processing and layer-by-layer deposition which can be used to control wettability. Applications of superhydrophobic coatings include anti-icing, anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and self-cleaning surfaces.
Effect of basic pretreatment on saccharification of water hyacintheSAT Journals
Abstract The world has seen a vast expansion in industrialization and this has in turn seen an increase in demand for fossil fuels. To sustain such a pace of development, these fuels are being consumed at a rapid rate. This dependence on the fuels coupled with their rapid rate of depletion has called for research to look for alternative fuels. Biofuels like bio-ethanol and bio-diesel are being considered as replacements. Bio-ethanol is being given special consideration, as it can be used as a substitute to, or as a blend with petrol in existing gasoline engines, without much modifications being made to these engines. The substrates under consideration are that of the biomass genre, and Water Hyacinth being of special importance.. Water Hyacinth is an aquatic weed which grows in most tropical parts of the world. It has considerably lower lignin and higher cellulosic content, which makes it a suitable substrate for bio-ethanol production. The three main steps for bio-ethanol production are pretreatment, which makes the biomass amenable to further treatment, Saccharification, the process by which complex sugars are broken down to simple reducing sugars and fermentation, where the sugars are fermented by the action of relevant fungi. This study focusses on the Saccharification step of the process, specifically focusing on the effect of pretreatment on the Saccharification of Water Hyacinth. Three samples of powdered Water Hyacinth, along with 3 samples of Base pretreated Water Hyacinth powder were subjected to the Saccharification process using TrichodermaViride. It was observed that the Saccharification yields for the pretreated samples were in excess of 200% greater than that of the Saccharification yields of the powdered Water Hyacinth samples without pretreatment. These results were observed on the day 2 of the process. The results of this study will be taken into consideration for the fermentation step of the process. Keywords: Water Hyacinth, Pretreatment, Saccharification, Reducing sugar yield, High yields.
1. Microcrystalline cellulose was mixed with sulfuric acid and hydrolyzed at 45°C for 120 minutes to isolate nanocellulose.
2. The hydrolyzed mixture was washed repeatedly with distilled water until the pH reached 7, then stored at 4°C.
3. Nanocellulose was then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol solution and dispersed via ultrasonication to prepare nanocomposite films of varying nanocellulose content between 2-10 wt%, which were cast and dried into films approximately 150 μm thick.
This document provides information on various cellulose derivatives used in pharmaceutical formulations. It begins with an introduction to cellulose derivatives and how they are obtained from cellulose. It then discusses the history and classification of various derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. The document outlines the properties, applications, and advantages of derivatives like microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. It concludes by discussing the various uses of cellulose and providing references.
This document provides information about designing and constructing an industrial textile factory. It discusses the various stages of cotton manufacturing including cultivating, preparatory processes, spinning, weaving/knitting, and finishing. It also outlines the key design requirements for industrial buildings such as promoting connectivity and safety, screening storage areas, and providing adequate parking and loading areas. Specific specifications are provided for constructing a fireproof storehouse on the factory site.
This document discusses the applications of nanotechnology in modern textiles. It begins by defining nanotechnology and its potential benefits for textiles such as enhancing fiber properties. It then discusses developments in nano-fibers like carbon nanotubes that exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties. Additional sections cover applications of nanotechnology in fabric finishes that can impart properties like stain resistance and applications in various industries. The document concludes by discussing future directions and challenges for nanotechnology in textiles.
Cellulose biosynthesis in seed plants involves rosette structures containing cellulose synthases located in the plasma membrane. Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized from the donor molecule UDP-glucose and deposited following the direction of underlying microtubules. While isolated plant membranes can synthesize callose when incubated with UDP-glucose, providing sucrose to intact cotton fibers results in the majority of the product being cellulose, suggesting sucrose synthase forms a complex channeling carbon from sucrose to UDP-glucose for cellulose synthesis. Bacteria like Gluconacetobacter xylinus are also able to synthesize cellulose extracellularly and have provided insights into the cellulose synthesis process.
Nanocomposite shows considerable applications in different fields because of larger surface area, and greater aspect ratio, with fascinating properties. Being environmentally friendly, applications of nanocomposites offer new technology and business opportunities for several sectors, such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and biotechnology industries.
Cellulose nanofiber is made from wood fibers that have been micro-refined to the nano scale and are several hundredths of a micron in size. It is the world's most advanced biomass material due to its light weight, strength, and low environmental impact. Cellulose nanofiber has properties including high strength, stiffness, barrier properties, and renewability that make it suitable for a wide range of applications like paper products, composites, and electronics.
The document is a presentation on self-cleaning textile finishes. It discusses different mechanisms for achieving self-cleaning surfaces, including the Lotus effect, photocatalytic coatings using TiO2 nanoparticles, and easy-to-clean finishes based on silicone dioxide coatings. It covers manufacturing methods like surface roughening, photocatalytic coating application, and application of self-cleaning finishes. The advantages of self-cleaning finishes are reducing water and energy consumption for cleaning. Potential limitations include toxicity of nanoparticles and dirt not being fully removed. The field offers opportunities to develop visible light photocatalysis and new nano-finishing techniques.
Nano material and surface engineering pptVipin Singh
The document discusses the use of nano materials in surface engineering. It provides an introduction to nano materials and their applications. Some key points include:
- Nano materials have at least one dimension between 1-100 nanometers. They can exist naturally or be engineered.
- Surface engineering techniques like coatings and treatments are used to improve material properties and resistance to degradation.
- Nano materials can be used in coatings and composites to enhance mechanical, optical, and other properties when integrated as a reinforcing phase.
- A case study examines how nanostructured TiN/CrN coatings deposited at different temperatures influence mechanical and tribological properties. The lowest deposition temperature produced the highest hardness and wear
Nano Technology & Nano Materials
by Ray Fernando, PHD
California Polytechnic State University
Polymers and Coatings Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
San Luis Obispo, CA
www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu
Delivered 22 June 2009 @ SLINTEC
Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. It is a structural component of plant cell walls and is widely used to produce paper, paperboard, and textiles. In pharmaceutical applications, cellulose and its derivatives such as microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are used as excipients in tablet formulations as binders, diluents, disintegrants, and coating agents.
The document discusses cellulose, including its structure, properties, production in plants, and uses. Some key points:
- Cellulose is the most abundant organic substance on Earth and is made of linear chains of glucose molecules linked together.
- It has a crystalline structure that gives it strength and it forms microfibrils in plant cell walls.
- Plants produce cellulose at their plasma membranes using enzyme complexes that spin the cellulose chains.
- Cellulose is strong, stable, and insoluble but can absorb some water. It is used to make products like cotton, paper, cellophane, and cellulose derivatives.
A project report on training and development in bst textile pvt. ltdProjects Kart
The document provides an introduction to BST Textiles, an Indian textile company. It outlines the company profile including location, products, machinery used, sales and marketing approach, and quality assurance measures. It then discusses the objectives, scope, and categorization of employees at BST Textiles. Finally, it outlines the organizational structure of BST Textiles and introduces the key leadership positions.
1) Photocatalysis involves using light energy to facilitate chemical reactions. Photocatalysts like chlorophyll and titanium dioxide are able to breakdown organic matter into carbon dioxide and water when exposed to light.
2) Nanoparticles are necessary for high activity photocatalysts due to quantum size effects. Smaller nanoparticles have a larger surface area and better adsorption potential.
3) Photocatalysts have various applications including air purification by decomposing volatile organic compounds, self-cleaning surfaces, water purification by oxidizing pollutants, and dye degradation.
Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons that are highly reactive. They are generated through normal metabolic processes in the body and can cause damage. The body has antioxidant defenses against free radicals including enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase which neutralize reactive oxygen species. Vitamins C and E also act as antioxidants to help prevent free radical damage to cells. While small amounts of free radicals occur naturally, excessive amounts from sources like pollution, smoking, or radiation can potentially cause harm if the body's defenses are overwhelmed.
FREE RADICAL CELL INJURY PPT BY Dr. Tareni Das.pdfTARENIDAS
Free radicals are unstable chemical species with unpaired electrons that are highly reactive. They are produced through normal metabolic processes and environmental exposures. The document defines different types of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, which include both radicals and non-radicals. Sources of free radical production are discussed, as well as their positive and negative biological effects through lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation. Methods for assessing free radical activity and oxidative stress are outlined.
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical administration means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth.
Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons that are highly reactive. They are generated through oxidative metabolism and reactions involving oxygen. Common free radicals include superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxyl radicals. While free radicals can cause damage to tissues, the body has antioxidant defenses like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamins C and E that help neutralize free radicals. Antioxidants protect cells from the harmful effects of free radical formation and oxidative stress.
IRJET- Studies on the Biosorption on Removal of Heavy Metal Copper in Printed...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using Bacillus Megaterium as a biosorbent to remove copper from printed circuit boards. The study investigated the effect of various parameters like contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, initial concentration and agitation speed on copper removal. About 65% of copper was removed using 2 g of Bacillus Megaterium at a contact time of 60 minutes, pH of 5, and agitation speed of 150 rpm. Characterization of the biomass was done using techniques like SEM and EDAX. Batch experiments and isotherm studies showed the adsorption followed Langmuir kinetics, indicating monolayer adsorption occurred. The Bacillus Megaterium exhibited good biosorption capacity
(1) Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that can cause oxidative damage. They are produced through normal metabolic processes and from environmental sources. (2) Antioxidants protect against free radical damage by neutralizing free radicals through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Key antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase and catalase. Vitamins C and E are important non-enzymatic antioxidants. (3) Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in favor of free radicals, potentially leading to cell and tissue damage associated with various diseases if left unchecked.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (mic) or biological corrosionkoshykanjirapallikaran
This document discusses microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), where microorganisms participate in and accelerate the corrosion of metals. It describes how bacteria, fungi, and other microbes can form biofilms on metal surfaces in various environments. The document outlines different types of microbes involved in MIC, including sulfate reducing bacteria, acid producing bacteria, and iron/manganese oxidizing bacteria. It also discusses how microbes establish biofilms through extracellular polymers and how biofilms can severely corrode metals. Finally, the document presents several methods for preventing MIC, such as changes in environmental conditions, use of coatings, boiling water, UV light, and ultrasound.
The document discusses various strategies for self-healing polymers, including:
- Hollow fiber repair mechanisms which use hollow glass fibers filled with healing agents like epoxy.
- Microencapsulation techniques which encapsulate monomers inside microcapsules that rupture to release the monomer when damaged.
- Reversible cross-links using mechanisms like Diels-Alder reactions that allow cross-links to break and reform.
- Applications of self-healing polymers discussed include self-healing paints, composites for aircraft repair, and next-generation self-healing concrete using bacteria to precipitate calcium carbonate to heal cracks.
Nanophotocatalyst in organic transformationAshwani Dalal
This document discusses various types of nanophotocatalysts for organic transformations. It begins by explaining that chlorophyll is a natural photocatalyst that uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose. A photocatalyst uses light energy to facilitate chemical reactions by creating strong oxidizing agents and electronic holes that break down organic matter. For high photocatalytic activity, nanoparticles are necessary due to their small size and large surface area. Common types of nanophotocatalysts include semiconductor-based, plasmon-mediated, and metal-organic framework-based materials. The document then reviews literature on specific examples such as doped TiO2, CdS, composite semiconductors, and surface plasmon
Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons that make them highly reactive. They are formed through homolytic cleavage of bonds which leaves each atom with one electron. Common sources of free radicals include mitochondria, xanthine oxidase, peroxisomes, inflammation, and phagocytosis. Free radicals can damage biomolecules like lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. This damage is associated with aging, cancer, and acute inflammation. Antioxidants act as neutralizing agents by donating electrons to free radicals and preventing cellular damage. While free radicals can be harmful, they also play beneficial roles in immunity and cellular processes in limited amounts.
Photo-Catalytic Disinfection Of Bio-pollutants-A Review - Nithiya PriyaECRD IN
This document reviews the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis to disinfect bio-pollutants in air and water. TiO2 effectively generates reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl radicals when exposed to UV light that can damage and kill a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and cancer cells. Studies have shown the photocatalytic disinfection of various organisms like E. coli in both liquid suspensions and aerosol form. TiO2 photocatalysis is effective for applications like air purification, water treatment and self-cleaning indoor surfaces to reduce bio-pollutants.
radiation biology / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The document discusses biosorption and bioaccumulation as methods for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Biosorption uses dead biomass to bond and concentrate heavy metals through physical and chemical pathways, while bioaccumulation is the gradual buildup of pollutants in living organisms through metabolic processes. Key factors that affect these processes include pH, temperature, initial metal concentration, and biomass properties. Both methods have advantages like low cost and fast removal rates, but also disadvantages such as limited capacity and inability to regenerate biomass for biosorption.
Nico wanandy unsw mechanism of antioxidant for the skinNico Wanandy
The document summarizes research on antioxidants and their role in protecting skin from oxidative stress. It discusses how UV radiation from the sun generates reactive oxygen species that can damage skin cells. Antioxidants from foods like vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and flavonoids can help combat this by neutralizing free radicals. The document also examines the endogenous antioxidant defense system in cells, including enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase that protect mitochondria from oxidative damage. Preliminary experiments suggest natural extracts may help alleviate the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide on cells.
Biotechnology can be applied to waste management through microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microorganisms to convert the chemical energy in organic compounds into electrical energy. They have two chambers, an anode where microbes in the wastewater oxidize organic matter and release electrons and protons, and a cathode where oxygen reacts with the electrons and protons to form water. This generates a current that can be used as energy. The document describes a student's experiment using an MFC with effluent water, which generated voltages of up to 120mV over 5 days. MFCs provide a way to both treat wastewater and produce renewable energy, though further improvements are still needed.
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent composed of three oxygen atoms that is highly effective at disinfecting water and eliminating contaminants. It has been used for over 100 years in Europe to disinfect drinking water in municipal water systems. Ozone works by breaking chemical bonds through free radicals to destroy microbes, viruses and other organic compounds. It is a stronger disinfectant than chlorine and does not form harmful byproducts. Ozone also removes odors, tastes, heavy metals and discolors water more effectively than alternatives like chlorine. While ozone generators require more initial capital than chlorine systems, ozone treatment results in lower ongoing costs and greater environmental safety.
Free radicals are atoms with unpaired electrons that damage cells, causing aging. Mitochondria produce most free radicals through electron transport, occasionally forming reactive oxygen. This damages mitochondrial DNA which cannot be repaired, accumulating over time and killing cells. Studies extending lifespans in animals support this by genetically enhancing antioxidants to neutralize radicals or restricting food to slow mitochondrial activity. However, antioxidant supplements alone do not increase lifespan, challenging the theory.
Treatment of waste water using photocatalysis ti o2Muhammad Mudassir
This document discusses the treatment of wastewater using photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2). It provides background on wastewater sources and contaminants. Wastewater treatment methods include physical, biological and chemical (tertiary treatment using photocatalysis). The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation using TiO2 is described where UV light excites the TiO2, generating electrons and holes that produce radicals to degrade organic pollutants. Experimental results show the degradation of S2O3 contaminant over time is greater with both UV light and TiO2 than with just UV light. The conclusions state that nanotechnology and solar light can enable practical wastewater treatment solutions.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation F...AlexanderRichford
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation Functions to Prevent Interaction with Malicious QR Codes.
Aim of the Study: The goal of this research was to develop a robust hybrid approach for identifying malicious and insecure URLs derived from QR codes, ensuring safe interactions.
This is achieved through:
Machine Learning Model: Predicts the likelihood of a URL being malicious.
Security Validation Functions: Ensures the derived URL has a valid certificate and proper URL format.
This innovative blend of technology aims to enhance cybersecurity measures and protect users from potential threats hidden within QR codes 🖥 🔒
This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
Lee Barnes - Path to Becoming an Effective Test Automation Engineer.pdfleebarnesutopia
So… you want to become a Test Automation Engineer (or hire and develop one)? While there’s quite a bit of information available about important technical and tool skills to master, there’s not enough discussion around the path to becoming an effective Test Automation Engineer that knows how to add VALUE. In my experience this had led to a proliferation of engineers who are proficient with tools and building frameworks but have skill and knowledge gaps, especially in software testing, that reduce the value they deliver with test automation.
In this talk, Lee will share his lessons learned from over 30 years of working with, and mentoring, hundreds of Test Automation Engineers. Whether you’re looking to get started in test automation or just want to improve your trade, this talk will give you a solid foundation and roadmap for ensuring your test automation efforts continuously add value. This talk is equally valuable for both aspiring Test Automation Engineers and those managing them! All attendees will take away a set of key foundational knowledge and a high-level learning path for leveling up test automation skills and ensuring they add value to their organizations.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
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ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Keywords: AI, Containeres, Kubernetes, Cloud Native
Event Link: https://meine.doag.org/events/cloudland/2024/agenda/#agendaId.4211
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
1. ACtion Photocatalytic Coating
Information Manual
Overview
Tio2 Photoctalysis is internationally recognised as one of the most effective materials which can kill almost all
kinds of bacteria including flu and SARS. It has been widely used in the sterilisation of hospitals, institutions,
schools etc. The PROtect ACtion photocatalyst coating, kills almost all kinds of bacteria under the irradiation of
light, which can be maintained long enough to thoroughly decompose bacteria, its cell body and the residual
exdotoxin. Meanwhile the photocatalyst can wipe out indoor allergen and reduce the incidence of respiratory
deseases.
Sterilization Mechanisms of ACtion Photocatalyst
Titanium Dioxide itself has no toxicity, its sterilization function activates after the irradiation of UV light.
When exposed to light, the very strong oxidising power of Titanium Dioxide can destroy the bacteria’s’ cell wall
and membrane and react with the cell components inhibiting growth and ultimately killing and decomposing
the cell structure.
Sterilization by Tio2 photocatalyst presents the following 2 biochemical
mechanisms.
Direct Photocatalysis
The electron-hole can directly react with a cell wall cell membrane and cell component in the sterilizing
process of mycrozymes and bacilli, the CoA inside the cell oxidizes which causes the respiration of the cell to
stop and finally in its death. During this process, the electron shift between the dead cell and Tio2 is passed by
CoA, therefore the content of CoA decreases and CoA dimer increases.
Indirect Sterilization Reaction
When and electron hole dissolves in water it generate Active Oxygen such as Hydroxile Radical. The electronic
structure of Titanium Dioxide is characterised by filled valence band(VB) and an empty conduction band (CB).
The band gap energy is excited and an electron is promoted from the valence band (VB) to the conduction
+
band (CB) then and electron-hole pair is generated (electron e- and hole h ) the positive –hole of Titanium
Dioxide breaks the water molecule apart to form hydrogen gas and hydroxyl radical
-
The negative-electron reacts with the Oxygen molecule to form a super oxide anion (0 2 ) Super oxide anion can
react with water molecules generating hydroxyl radical peroxide ( 00H ) and Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2)
Moreover, active Hydroxyl Radicals can combine to form Hydrogen Peroxide. This cycle continues when light
is available.
The active Hydroxil radical, super oxide anion, peroxide hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide can react with
biomacromolecules such as protein enzyme and lipid, which will destroy the cell wall membrane and its
components. For example, the oxidation=reduction material is necessary in the formation of Adenosine
Triphosphate insode the hela cell. After reacting with the active Oxygen, the hela cell ( T24)membrane is
2+
oxidised by Titanium Dioxide and leaks, the positive ion Ca enters the cell and reacts with the inner protein
which cvauses the death of the cell
2. R R RC R
C C OH C
R R RH R Typical Redox Potential of Microbes and Cells
(vs, SCE, PH=7)
Microbe Cell Concentration Redox
Take OH for example , it can provide an unsaturated bond Cell / L Potential
N
or take out its atom H as organic matter Microzyme 1 x 1011 0.74
Escherichia Coli 1 x 1011 0.72
R3CH OH R3C H 2 O Lactobacillus 5 x 1011 0.68
Bacillus Subtilis 2 x 1011 0.68
Samonella 6 x 1011 0.70
The new free radical will cause a chain reaction which will lead to Typhimurium
the qualitative change of bacterial proteins and the total Cell Concentration Redox
Component Cell / L Potential
decomposition of lipids. The bacteria is decomposed and killed at N
once. Microzyme - 0.65
Extravasate
Thereforethe electron hole and OH , O2 , HO2 , H 2 O2 CoA
Reductive co-
3.7 x 103
5.0 x 103
0.40
0.68
formed on the surface of Titanium Dioxide can react with a enzyme
cell wall, membrane and its component to kill the cell. Cysteine 2.5 x 103 0.45
Protolasm - .65
Hela Cell - .65
In the sunlight, the Titanium Dioxide particles are absorbed by
the surface of animalcule cells,
( OH , O2 , HO2 , H 2 O2 ) will react directly with cytologic histologocal elements which improves
the sterilization effect. The positive –hole of Titanium Dioxide irradiated by UV light is an extremely
strong oxidation agent, the reactive Oxygen is also extremely active. As a result, Titanium Dioxide
can effectively kill Escherichia Coli, Lactobacillus, Bacillus Subtilis, Hela and Cancer cells T24.
Furthermore it can inhibit or prevent the growth of malignant cells and even kill green algae.As a
result of such effective sterilization, Titanium Dioxide can be used indoors as an antiseptic and
sterilization agent for water treatment, water pollution and Photodynamiotherapy.
Actually, photocatalytic sterilization remains constant when bacteria is exposed to Titanium Dioxide,
as the active hydroxyl radical cannot exist and cannot enter a cell membrane to destroy the cell
structure, therefore the sterilization effect is the result of hydroxyl radical and other active oxygen
( O2 , OOH , H 2 O2 ) since H 2 O2 can enter a cell wall it not only kills the bacteria but also
decomposes lipoids such as Endotoxin released by its death. In addition it can remain stable for as
long time so H 2 O2 can be the most important reaction medium in photocatalytic sterilization. Of
course the reaction also includes other active oxygen and H 2 O2 is not the only reactant. The active
hydroxyl radical performs strong oxidation inside the cell, which greatly improves its sterilization
effect.
3. Comparison with Traditional Antiseptics
Traditional antiseptics are divided into the following three
categories. Organic Antiseptic, Inorganic Antiseptic and Natural
Antiseptic. There are two types of Inorganic Antseptics, one with
a strong oxidant property used to kill bacteria and fungus and the
other with a metal ion that will kill germs, however, the
antiseptics themselves like Chlorine and Chlorine oxide are
potentially bad for health. The metal antiseptics do not continue
to decompose the germ body after killing so the germ body coats
the metal ion, this greatly affects the antibacterial efficiency. The
organic antiseptics compounded by scientific chemical methods
kill germs quickly but the germ can adapt itself to organic
antiseptics easily and the process involves the use of toxic
substances.
Type Advantages Disadvantages Typical Products
Inorganic Heat resistant, wide The silver antiseptics Silver-zeolite/ Phosphate
range of sterilization and change colour easily and and silver silica gel.
no need for light surfaces remain coated
with germ bodies which
reduce the effect
Organic Fast and wide range of Not heat resistant, Phenol
sterilization, low price produces nasty toxins,
and is a pollutant
Natural High effect of Not heat resistant, Chitosan, Sorbic Acid
sterilization, safer to use processing the material
and non pollutant can be difficult
Photocatalyst Wide range of Light required Titanium Dioxide based
sterilization, high and Photocatalysts
everlasting effect,
decomposition of germ
bodies and their
endotoxin, non pollutant,
harmless to humans
4. Advanced Sterilization with ACtion Nanocoat
Anti-bacterial and anti virus treatment of public places and facilities such as hospitals, schools, hotels, offices,
taxis and public transport.
Anti-bacterial and anti virus treatment for face masks, air and water filters, clothes and textiles and domestic
hygiene.
The ACtion nano-photocatalyst kills almost all kinds of bacteria and virus including SARS, H5N1etc and remains
effective for several years. It works by decomposing virus and their cell bodies and the residual endotoxin and
then continues to break down any new mutations of the bacteria. Because the bacteria cell structure is
completely decomposed, the surface remains active and effective unlike standard disinfectants.
The ongoing activity of the ACtion coating eliminates odours such as cigarette smoke, pets and reduces
allergens present in the ambient micro environment.
Benefits
Broad spectrum sterilization feature, killing almost all kinds of
bacteria and virus.
Providing deodorization and anti allergen properties
Long active life ( approx 5 years) depending on conditions
Active photcatalytic decomposition of mould and fungus, self
cleaning.
Safe and environmentally responsible method of killing
bacteria and virus with no toxins or residual pollutant
ACtion Nanocoatng delivers excellent anti
bacterial performance after coating in areas
where hygiene is critical.
Our product has been tested in a Hospital in
high risk areas and the growth rate of
bacteria measured.
8 critical areas of contamination where
measured for bugs and 6 from the 8 were
contaminated at a dangerous level. The
areas were then coated with ACtion and
then re-opened to normal operations for a
period of 24 hours. After this period each
area was re-tested and were either free
from contamination or at a safe level.
Data available on demand
5. Air Purification
ACtion is a next generation air purification technology that will de-activate harmful pollutants in 85% of all
harmful gases such as , Nitrogen Oxide, Formaldehyde,
Benzene, VOC’s.
ACtion nanocoat works by Photocatalysis, in the presence
of light, it produces hydroxyl radicals and holes ( h+). These
react with organic materials and harmful gases to produce
Water and Carbon Dioxide.
Through nano-particulate engineering and modifications in
the reology of the monolayer, the coating can be adapted
to operate in low light conditions without any detrimental
effect to the overall performance.
Pollutant Source Chemical Reaction End Product
H2O CO2 N2, O2
NO3
2
Ammonia Urine, Sweat,
Garbage, Smoke
2 NH 3 6OH N 2 6H 2 O
Acetaldehyde Garbage, Smoke
etc
CH 3CHO 6OH O2 2CO2 4H 2 O
Acetic Acid Garbage, Smoke
etc
CH 3COOH 4OH O2 2CO2 4H 2 O
Methane Gas, Fuel,
Organic CH 4 4OH O2 CO2 4H 2 O
Decomposition
Carbon Exhaust fumes,
Monoxide Smoke
CO 2OH CO2 H 2 O
Nitrogen Exhaust fumes,
Oxide Smoke
" NO 4OH N 2 2O2 2H 2 O
Formaldehyde Resin, Paints etc HCHO 4OH CO2 3H 2 O
The above table shows the chemical reactions initiated by the photocatalytic process and the resulting
products produced in each case. The residual products are non pollutants and are completely harmless.
6. Self Cleaning
Overview
Action self cleaning nanocoat is a special photocatalytic coating that reacts with light to create a hydrophilic
surface or a surface that is super receptive to water.
The washing proess is done by reducing the surface tension of the coated area so that it cannot repell water
but accepts it to spread evenly over the surface. Surface tension is normally measured by establishing the
contact angle of a water droplet on the surface , the diagram shows the angle and how the coating alters the
shape of the droplet.
The coated area eventually becomes completely saturated by water, so that excess water begins to flow by
gravity, “washing” the coated area.
Before and during this washing process the photocatalytic coating has decomposed organic pollutants, lipids
and moulds that may have contaminated the surface, so the combination of the two processes ensures that
all dead and decomposed organic cells are washed free from the surface each time for the ACtion coatings
cycle to continue.
Before After