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Acid fast parasites
- 1. ACID FAST PARASITES Cryptosporidia, Isospora,Cyclospora & Sarcocystis By EKTA MSY Medical College and Hospital
- 2. OBJECTIVES To defineetiology, morphology, life cycle, disease caused, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Acid fast Intestinal parasitic infections caused by Isospora, Cyclospora, Cryptosporidia and Sarcocystis spp.,
- 3. Acid fast Intestinalparasites - size • Isospora belli 20-30 µm • Sarcocystis – 50-60µm • Cyclospora – 40-50µm • Cryptosporidium – 4-6µm
- 4. MICROSPORA • Microsporidia • 7genera • Enterocytozoon (E.bieneusi, E.intestinalis), Encephalitozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora, Thelohanea, Trachipleistophora & Vittaforma • Causes microsporidiosis especially in AIDS cases causing persistent diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, malabsorption
- 5. MICROSPORA • Microsporidia –minute unicellular obligate intracellular spore forming protozoa • Life cycle: not worked out fully • 2 developmental stages inside a host cell i) Schizogony, ii) sporogony • Spore –polar tube – sporoplasm – enterocytes – merogony – several spore formed • Size of spore less than 10µm in length • Spores- Oval or cylindrical – Acid fast by MZN
- 6. MICROSPORA • Enterocytozoon hellam-peritonitis, myositis,keratoconjunctivitis • Encephalitozoon cuniculi • Encephalitozoon intestinalis or septatata intestinalis • Treatment: Albendazole 400mg BD for 4 weeks
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- 11. I. Cryptosporidium species •Cryptosporidium is an intestinal coccidian parasite affecting various animals and men. • It causes self limiting acute diarrhea in immuno-compromised man. • Disease of birds, reptiles and fishes and also man • Cryptosporidium parvum & Cryptococcus hominis is the pathogenic species.
- 12. Morphology Oocyst- 1. Thick walloocyst 2. Thin wall oocyst the oocysts are acid fast in nature but do not stain by iodine It is the infective form to man as well as the diagnostic form excreted in the feces.
- 13. Life cycle Cryptosporidium completesits life cycle ( both sexual and asexual stages) in single host. Infective stage- sporulated oocyst Mode of transmission- 1. Ingestion 2. By autoinfection
- 15. Laboratory diagnosis 1. Directmicroscopy (stool examination) • Sample collection • Direct wet mount • Acid fast staining • Direct fluorescent antibody staining 2. Antigen detection- from stool • By ELISA, ICT 3. Antibody detection- from serum • By ELISA 4. Molecular diagnosis-PCR 5. Histopathology of intestinal biopsy
- 16. Treatment • ORS • Selflimited • In sever case- Nitazoxanide
- 17. Cryptosporidium spp., -Acid fast- MZN
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- 19. CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS Cyclospora cayetanensisis the most recently described coccidian parasites as human intestinal pathogens. LIFE CYCLE Host- human Transmission- Ingestion of food & water Infective form- oocyst
- 20. Clinical features • Diarrhoea •Biliary tract infection
- 21. Laboratory diagnosis 1. Stoolexamination- variable acid fast 2. Molecular- PCR 3. Serology- not important 4. Treatment- cotrimoxazole
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- 24. CYSTOISOSPORA BELLI • Isosporabelli has been recently renamed as Cystoisospora belli. • It belongs to the family Sarocystidae
- 25. Morphology Oocyst is theinfective stage. Life Cycle Host- man Transmission- by ingestion of contaminated food and water
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- 27. Clinical feature • Fever •Abdominal pain • Watery non bloody diarrhoea
- 28. Laboratory diagnosis 1. Stoolexamination • Saline wet mount • Acid fast stained smears- the oocyst is uniformly acid fast • Fluorescent stained smears • Autoflurescence • Phase contrast microscope 2. Molecular methods • PCR 3. Histopathologic examination
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- 33. SARCOCYSTIS • hominis, S.suihominis • Sarcocystosis • Intestinal sarcocystosis • Cyst in the muscle (Muscular cyst) • Acid fast by MZN • Man- definitive host • Pig – intermediate host
- 34. Clinical features 1. Intestinalsarcocystosis Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea 2. Muscular sarcocystosis Depends on size of muscle cystes
- 35. Laboratory diagnosis 1. IntestinalSarcocystosis Stool examination 2. Muscular Sarcocystosis Histological examination 3. Serology- western blot technique
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- 38. Summary Acid fast Intestinalparasites • Persistent diarrhoea – HIV/AIDS • Cryptosporidium spp., - Oocyst • Cyclospora spp., - Oocyst • Isospora spp., - Oocyst • Sarcocystis spp., - Oocyst • Microsporidium spp., - Spores • Balantidium coli- Largest intestinal ciliated protozoan
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