An acid–base titration is the process which determines the concentration of an acid or base .Which exactly neutralize the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration. Through acid base reactions Acid-Base titrations usually find the amount of a known acidic or basic substance. This enables the quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution. It work with following the neutralization reaction that occurs between acids and bases. To find percent purity of chemicals Acid–base titrations can also be used.
This is useful to the chemical analysis persons. Tittration is one of the basic and standard method for quantitative chemical analysis. This describs the principles of titration, function of indicators, calculation of errors etc.
This is useful to the chemical analysis persons. Tittration is one of the basic and standard method for quantitative chemical analysis. This describs the principles of titration, function of indicators, calculation of errors etc.
• Acid-base concept
• Role of this form of titration in pharmaceutical quality assurance
• Ionization
• Low of ionization
• Henderson hasselbarkh equation equation
• Neutralization curves
• Acid-base indicators
• Mixed indicators used in polyprotic & amino acid systems during amino acid titration
In chemistry, pH (potential of hydrogen) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions.
Neutralization curves in acid base analytical titrations, indicators.nehla313
Neutralization curves in acid base analytical titrations, indicators,
strong acid strong base
weak acid strong bse
strong acid weak base
weak acid and weak base
• Acid-base concept
• Role of this form of titration in pharmaceutical quality assurance
• Ionization
• Low of ionization
• Henderson hasselbarkh equation equation
• Neutralization curves
• Acid-base indicators
• Mixed indicators used in polyprotic & amino acid systems during amino acid titration
In chemistry, pH (potential of hydrogen) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions.
Neutralization curves in acid base analytical titrations, indicators.nehla313
Neutralization curves in acid base analytical titrations, indicators,
strong acid strong base
weak acid strong bse
strong acid weak base
weak acid and weak base
Ionic equilibria: ph, determination of ph of different acids and bases, salt solutions and
buffers. Titration curves of acids and bases and indicators.
Volumetric Analysis
Titration Basics
Reaction, End point & Indicators
Types of Titrations
Acid – Base Theory & Principles
Acid Base titration
Non- Aqueous Titration
Precipitation Titration
Complexometric Titration
Oxidation- Reduction Titration
Calculation
General Information
Errors
Volumetric Analysis
Types of titration
Acid- Base Theory
Reaction, End Point & Indicators
Acid- Base titration
Titration curve
Non- Aqueous Titration
Precipitation Titration
Complexometric Titration
Oxidation- Reduction Titration,
Calculation. Errors
General Informations,
It is an informative article about the pH and buffer system which is related to technology and science. It consist information about the pH and buffer solution which is widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals as well as science and technology .
Department of Physics /College of Sciences/ University of Baghdad
Subject: Analytical Chemistry
First stage
2nd semester
Dr. Ashraf Saad Rsaheed
2017-2018
Filters are electric circuits those separate electrical signals on the basis of their frequency content. Filters are characterized by their frequency response as well as phase relation between input & output signals.
The OPerational AMPlifier or OPAMP is a versatile analog Integrated Circuit (IC) that is capable of producing a very high gain.
An amplifier is a circuit that receives a signal at its input and delivers an undistorted larger
version of the signal at its output. The operational amplifier is a high gain amplifier to which feedback is added to control its overall response characteristic.
In closed loop connection, an external resistance is connected between the output and the negative (inverting) input terminal as a negative feedback. Here, the gain can be controlled by changing the values of the resistors.
Any periodic variation of current or voltage where the current (or voltage), when measured along
any particular direction goes positive as well as negative, is defined to be an AC quantity.
Sinusoidal AC wave shapes are the ones where the variation (current or voltage) is a sine function
of time.
Physical exercise must be made mandatory in schools and collegesMD TOUFIQ HASAN ANIK
physical exercise must be made mandatory in schools and colleges to fight obesity, to sharpen physical-mental capability along with the opportunities to create future career.
Natural destruction is the matter of concern all over the world nowadays. Recent conference of World Health Organization on health concern from natural destruction was focusing on the causes made by the humans. Humans had a good relationship with nature before but with the modernization of humans, the relationship has been broken down. The nature is turning into the destruction by humans undoubtedly. So, humans are definitely always responsible for natural destruction because of unorganized urbanization, industrialization and greenhouse gases.
There is a heightened awareness in the academic controls community about the need to attract the best and brightest students to the discipline. To achieve this end, change is needed in the standard approaches to educating, recruiting and training students. In this paper, the “Temperature Box” experiment is presented. This experiment involves the design and implementation of a feedback temperature control system.
The main objective of this experiment is to construct a closed loop control system that regulates the temperature inside a box. Comparator compress to feedback to the pre-defined temperature level and gives output accordingly.
1. Learning the transmission of the message signal with ASK and FSK modulation.
2. Learning how to demodulate the received signal and reconstruct the message signal.
Pharmaceutical is a booming sector in the country today. Foreign investments have flowed into the country over the past few years in huge amounts. Bangladesh, with a population base of 160m provides a very prospective environment for foreign Pharmaceutical to invest. Who are increasingly becoming more capable of purchasing consumer goods, and this class is growing says a study by World Bank.
The Company started its operations as Pfizer (Bangladesh) Limited in 1972. For the next two decades it continued as a highly successful subsidiary of Pfizer Corporation. However, by the late 1990s the focus of Pfizer had shifted from formulations to research. In accordance with this transformation, Pfizer divested its interests in many countries, including Bangladesh. Specifically, in 1993 Pfizer transferred the ownership of its Bangladesh operations to local shareholders, and the name of the company was changed to Renata Limited.
In this report, we have tried to find out how Renata Limited maintains its Financial Accounting policies and develops its businesses in this one of the most competitive Pharmaceutical markets in the world. ACI Ltd, Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Essential Drugs Company Ltd, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd etc are competitors of Pharmaceutical markets. The objective of this assignment is to begin to integrate the many concepts we have studied and to give an opportunity to apply our financial accounting in a real-world setting. Renata Limited performs this hard job through applying our studied strategies. Renata Limited is earning Goodwill and Customer Satisfaction through providing quality services and maintaining up-to-date business strategies. And after analyzing the reports and studying the market it is quite clear that they are fairing quite well according to their company objectives.
Take a 1 KHz sinusoidal modulating signal and modulate it with a carrier frequency of 1 MHz to perform DSB-SC modulation. Then detect the original signal from the DSB-SC waveform.
Banglalink as a novice cellular company has improved its condition within a very short time. The marketing plan of the company has proven right for the organization because it’s spreading its business gradually. But still it’s not the biggest cellular company in the country. GP is the leader in the market and Banglalink has got lot of aspect to improve the situation. So to be the market leader Banglalink must be very careful in the field of marketing plan and the success of the company is a matter of subject that how they are implementing the plan. As a result the Business Development and Customer Retention Policies implementation consumers’ behavior towards Banglalink is very positive and their satisfaction level is very high. The consumers of sim connection are preferred The Banglalink most. The consumers believe that Banglalink provides high quality product, but the call rate, connection rate are not so high. Consumers are mainly got information from television ads. So, at the end we can conclude that Banglalink is one of the finest companies in Bangladesh. They provide high quality of product and consumers are satisfied with Banglalink’s products they bought, especially postpaid sim connection. Consumers are satisfied by Banglalink sim category.
The success of a commercial bank depends largely in the quality of service rendered to the regulars. Quality of service depends on the capability and the quality of the employees of the organization. Therefore, the authority of PBL has to be more careful in recruiting the right person for each job. As has been seen, the recruitment and assortment process of PBL has rooms for improvements. The policy and process should be revised and rechecked. So although the process they have been adopting so far has been somewhat effective, to adapt to the changing times, the process should be revised and modernized.
Statistics is a critical tool for robustness analysis, measurement system error analysis, test data analysis, probabilistic risk assessment, and many other fields in the engineering world. These basic applications are related to our basic engineering problems which help us to solve the problems and gives us the better solution and brings the efficiency to work with our real life engineering problems.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. Acid–base titration
An acid–base titration is the process which determines the concentration of an acid or base
.Which exactly neutralize the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration.
Through acid base reactions Acid-Base titrations usually find the amount of a known acidic or
basic substance. This enables the quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid
or base solution. It work with following the neutralization reaction that occurs between acids
and bases. To find percent purity of chemicals Acid–base titrations can also be used.
By dissolving the substance being studied into a solution the analyte is prepared. The solution
is generally placed in a flask for titration. Then With the analyte a small amount of indicator is
added into the flask. The reagent is normally kept in a burette and slowly added to the analyte
and indicator mixture. The amount of reagent used is recorded when the indicator cuses a
change in the colour of the solution.
From Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH + pOH = 14
pH = pKa+log{[base]/[acid]}
A useful indicator has a strong color that changes quickly near its pKa. The indicator should
also have a pKa value near the pH of the titration's endpoint.
The pH of the equivalence point can be estimated using the following rules:
A strong acid will react with a strong base to form a neutral (pH = 7) solution.
A strong acid will react with a weak base to form an acidic (pH < 7) solution.
A weak acid will react with a strong base to form a basic (pH > 7) solution.
Acid–base titration is performed with a bromthymol blue indicator, when it is a strong acid –
strong base titration, a phenolphthalein indicator in weak acid – strong base reactions, and a
methyl orange indicator for strong acid – weak base reactions. If the base is off the scale, i.e. a
3. pH of >13.5, and the acid has a pH >5.5, then an Alizarine yellow indicator may be used. On
the other hand, if the acid is off the scale, i.e. a pH of <0.5, and the base has a pH <8.5, then a
Thymol Blue indicator may be used.
A titration curve is drawn by plotting data attained during a titration, titrant volume on the x-
axis and pH on the y-axis. The titration curve serves to profile the unknown solution. The
titration of a strong acid with a strong base produces the following titration curve:
The equivalence point for a strong acid-strong base titration curve is exactly 7 because the salt
produced does not undergo any hydrolysis reactions. At equivalence point pH + pOH = 14.
For example ,an unknown molarity of HCl acts as the analyte. 50 mL of it is placed into a flask
and a 0.1 M solution of NaOH will be the reagent. The endpoint is pH=7 so litmus, with a pKa
of 6.5 is chosen. The color of the solution changes when 10 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added.The
balanced neutralization reaction:
HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→H2O(l)+Na++Cl−
Or just the net ionic equation
H++OH−→H2O(l)
The following equation can then be derived
X=0.0010molofHCl
The molarity is now easily solved for
0.0010molHCl0.050L=0.020MHCl
Finally, acid base titration is the process is widely used, important and easy chemical process
to determine concentration of acid and base which play an important role in chemical industry.