This document summarizes a research study that examined the role of access to online databases in faculty research output at universities in Nigeria. It provides background on the importance of faculty research and how access to information resources can facilitate research. The study aimed to identify the most accessible online databases for faculty, constraints to access, and strategies to overcome constraints. It reviewed literature on access to online databases, their advantages, and common constraints like technological issues, lack of infrastructure, and economic barriers. The study employed a descriptive research design and survey methodology to collect data from faculty across multiple universities.
Access To Online Academic Databases To Improve The Quality Of Academic Resear...Tony Lisko
The document discusses a study that assessed postgraduate students' access and use of online databases for academic research in Nigerian universities. It found that the most accessed databases were Google Scholar, ResearchGate, JSTOR, Science Direct, and Directory of Open Access Journals. Students were mainly motivated by free access and relevance of materials to their research. The documents were used primarily for dissertations and assignments. Factors like sex, degree, free access, finances, personal devices, and helpfulness of materials influenced regular access. The study recommends universities subscribe to more databases and improve internet facilities to boost access and use of online databases.
Assessment Of The Use Of Electronic Resources Among Administrators And Facult...Renee Lewis
This document summarizes a study that assessed the use of electronic resources among administrators and faculty at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana. It found that while faculty were generally aware of electronic resources and used the internet frequently for academic purposes, their usage of the library's online academic databases was low. This was largely due to lack of awareness about which databases the library subscribed to. The study recommends that the library increase awareness efforts through workshops and other programs to promote greater use of its electronic resources.
AWARENESS AND USE OF OFFLINE DATABASE FOR ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES BY UNDERGRADUAT...Jim Webb
This document summarizes a study that investigated awareness and use of offline databases for academic activities by undergraduate students at Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 380 undergraduate students. The study found that while the library provides several relevant offline databases, lack of awareness has led to inadequate access and use. Challenges like insufficient funding, poor skills, unreliable power supply, inability to remotely access databases, and login difficulties hindered student access and use. The study recommended improving user orientation, training, access to login credentials, infrastructure, and power stability to enhance student awareness and utilization of the offline databases.
Information Technology is driving transformative pedagogy in both lower and higher education institutions. This paper discusses internet usage patterns among university academics before advancing to explore how to improve these aspects in the context of education. This descriptive survey collected data from a random sample of 440 university academics in Zimbabwe. Academics use the internet for research more than they did for teaching purposes. Statistical analysis of data revealed gender differences in internet access. Age and experience were found to explain differences in usage among university academics. Educational implications of these findings in relation to advancing development of 21st century skills through Information Technology in tomorrow’s leadership and drivers of country’s economic growth were highlighted. The study recommends a transformation of university teaching practice through technology based holistic models that encompass creative and innovative Webogogy and facilitative content delivery for better performance in higher educational institutions. The paper advocates for university management to promote Technology based teaching practice in universities, fund and develop formal training programmes to upgrade internet search and webagogy skills of academics.
The document provides background information on ProQuest, an electronic database subscribed to by La Salle University-Ozamiz City. It discusses how ProQuest provides access to citations, full text articles, dissertations, and other materials. It also reviews literature related to e-resources, awareness of ProQuest, and barriers to its use. The study aims to determine students' use, awareness, frequency of use, reasons for using, and barriers in using ProQuest. It describes the research methodology, including the descriptive research design, setting of the study at LSU, respondents which were 505 randomly selected students, and the questionnaire used as the data collection instrument.
This presentation considers the changing nature of the scholarly record and applies the findings of NMC Horizons Report Library Edition 2014 to the Claremont Colleges Library's institutional repository.
Information retrieval skills and use of library electronic resources by unive...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses a study that examined the impact of information retrieval skills on Nigerian university
undergraduates' utilization of electronic resources.
2) It found that informational, operational, and strategic retrieval skills significantly correlated with students' use
of electronic resources for research.
3) However, the data showed that undergraduates lacked the requisite skills for effective use of electronic
resources.
A comparative analysis of print versus electronicprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that compared students' use of print versus electronic information sources. The study found that most students at Delta State University in Nigeria still prefer print sources over electronic sources. Students reported that ease of use and familiarity were reasons for preferring print. While students used some electronic sources like e-books and databases, print sources like textbooks were used most frequently. Challenges to using both print and electronic sources included lack of infrastructure, obsolete materials, and high costs. Overall, the study showed students had a preference for familiar print formats despite the growth of electronic information technologies.
Access To Online Academic Databases To Improve The Quality Of Academic Resear...Tony Lisko
The document discusses a study that assessed postgraduate students' access and use of online databases for academic research in Nigerian universities. It found that the most accessed databases were Google Scholar, ResearchGate, JSTOR, Science Direct, and Directory of Open Access Journals. Students were mainly motivated by free access and relevance of materials to their research. The documents were used primarily for dissertations and assignments. Factors like sex, degree, free access, finances, personal devices, and helpfulness of materials influenced regular access. The study recommends universities subscribe to more databases and improve internet facilities to boost access and use of online databases.
Assessment Of The Use Of Electronic Resources Among Administrators And Facult...Renee Lewis
This document summarizes a study that assessed the use of electronic resources among administrators and faculty at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana. It found that while faculty were generally aware of electronic resources and used the internet frequently for academic purposes, their usage of the library's online academic databases was low. This was largely due to lack of awareness about which databases the library subscribed to. The study recommends that the library increase awareness efforts through workshops and other programs to promote greater use of its electronic resources.
AWARENESS AND USE OF OFFLINE DATABASE FOR ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES BY UNDERGRADUAT...Jim Webb
This document summarizes a study that investigated awareness and use of offline databases for academic activities by undergraduate students at Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 380 undergraduate students. The study found that while the library provides several relevant offline databases, lack of awareness has led to inadequate access and use. Challenges like insufficient funding, poor skills, unreliable power supply, inability to remotely access databases, and login difficulties hindered student access and use. The study recommended improving user orientation, training, access to login credentials, infrastructure, and power stability to enhance student awareness and utilization of the offline databases.
Information Technology is driving transformative pedagogy in both lower and higher education institutions. This paper discusses internet usage patterns among university academics before advancing to explore how to improve these aspects in the context of education. This descriptive survey collected data from a random sample of 440 university academics in Zimbabwe. Academics use the internet for research more than they did for teaching purposes. Statistical analysis of data revealed gender differences in internet access. Age and experience were found to explain differences in usage among university academics. Educational implications of these findings in relation to advancing development of 21st century skills through Information Technology in tomorrow’s leadership and drivers of country’s economic growth were highlighted. The study recommends a transformation of university teaching practice through technology based holistic models that encompass creative and innovative Webogogy and facilitative content delivery for better performance in higher educational institutions. The paper advocates for university management to promote Technology based teaching practice in universities, fund and develop formal training programmes to upgrade internet search and webagogy skills of academics.
The document provides background information on ProQuest, an electronic database subscribed to by La Salle University-Ozamiz City. It discusses how ProQuest provides access to citations, full text articles, dissertations, and other materials. It also reviews literature related to e-resources, awareness of ProQuest, and barriers to its use. The study aims to determine students' use, awareness, frequency of use, reasons for using, and barriers in using ProQuest. It describes the research methodology, including the descriptive research design, setting of the study at LSU, respondents which were 505 randomly selected students, and the questionnaire used as the data collection instrument.
This presentation considers the changing nature of the scholarly record and applies the findings of NMC Horizons Report Library Edition 2014 to the Claremont Colleges Library's institutional repository.
Information retrieval skills and use of library electronic resources by unive...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses a study that examined the impact of information retrieval skills on Nigerian university
undergraduates' utilization of electronic resources.
2) It found that informational, operational, and strategic retrieval skills significantly correlated with students' use
of electronic resources for research.
3) However, the data showed that undergraduates lacked the requisite skills for effective use of electronic
resources.
A comparative analysis of print versus electronicprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that compared students' use of print versus electronic information sources. The study found that most students at Delta State University in Nigeria still prefer print sources over electronic sources. Students reported that ease of use and familiarity were reasons for preferring print. While students used some electronic sources like e-books and databases, print sources like textbooks were used most frequently. Challenges to using both print and electronic sources included lack of infrastructure, obsolete materials, and high costs. Overall, the study showed students had a preference for familiar print formats despite the growth of electronic information technologies.
The document discusses a study on the usability of e-libraries as repositories for learning materials for senior high school students. It provides background on how technology and e-libraries have advanced to provide more flexible access to educational resources online. The study aims to determine the usability of the e-library based on ease of use, functionality, compatibility, and how informative it is. It also looks at any differences in usability based on student demographics like strand and internet connectivity. The results could help teachers, students, and school administrators improve the effectiveness of e-learning through better use of the e-library. The scope is limited to surveying 250 senior high students on their experience using the e-library at Learn and Explore
This quantitative research study aims to understand why graduate students prefer using Google over library databases for scholarly research. A survey will be administered via email to 1600 graduate students at Emporia State University to collect data on their search behaviors, perceptions of ease of use, and other factors. The goal is to receive 300 responses to obtain a reliable sample size. Results will help libraries develop more user-friendly discovery tools and inform database vendors. The research was designed based on a literature review exploring this topic and adheres to ethical standards involving human subjects. Some limitations include potential low response rate and lack of follow up interviews.
A survey of reading and internet use habits among undergraduate students in s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the reading and internet use habits of undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 214 undergraduate students across both universities. The findings showed that respondents from both universities read textbooks and used the internet for academic purposes like exams and projects. Most respondents read for 3 hours per day and used the internet for 1-2 hours daily. Problems affecting reading habits included lack of awareness, lighting, seating and resources.
Social research methods and open educational resources: a literature review (...CSAPSubjectCentre
A literature review written by Kate Orton-Johnson and Ian Fairweather as part of the C-SAP (Higher Education Academy's Centre for Sociology, Anthropology and Politics) project "Discovering Collections of Social Science Open Educational Resources".
Organizational Implications of Data Science Environments in Education, Resear...Victoria Steeves
Data science (DS) poses key organizational challenges for academic institutions. DS is a multidisciplinary field that includes a range of research methodologies and fields of inquiry. DS as a domain is interested in many of the same issues as libraries: data access and curation, reproducibility, the value of ontologies, and open scholarship. At the same time, identifying opportunities to collaborate and deploy unified services can be challenging. The Data Science Environment (DSE) program, co-funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore and Alfred P. Sloan foundations, provides resources to help universities develop collaborations between researchers, develop tools in DS, and create new career paths for data scientists. Working groups within the DSE focus on reproducibility, career paths, education/training, research methods, space issues, and software/tools. This program has introduced new opportunities for libraries to explore how to engage with this community and consider how to bring the expertise in the DS community to bear on library missions and goals. In this panel, program members from each of the three partner universities, the University of Washington, New York University and the University of California, Berkeley, consider the research questions of the DSE and the organizational impact of these groups in the University as a whole and for the libraries specifically. The panel will employ a case-study presentation model framed through three lenses: the role of data sciences in information science, the
potential career paths for data scientists in libraries, and the potential
amplification of information services (e.g. data curation, institutional repositories, scholarly publishing).
CNI Program: Talk Description: https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-curation/organizational-implications-of-data-science-environments-in-education-research-and-research-management-in-libraries
Video of Talk--Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/149713097
Video of Talk--YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0G9JsPMEXY
The study analysed the awareness and usage of the internet among 124 Students and
research scholars of Alagappa University. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data
collection and MS Excel software was used for analysing the data. The study revealed that
majority of the respondents are female 93(75%) and 65(52.4 %) of respondents are PG
students. research scholars and fewer respondents from Staff. Most of respondents
120(96.8%) using the Internet, Further the study found that 53(42.7%) of using Department
in the University. 43(34.7%) of respondents use the University library. Most of the
respondents 35(28.2%) of used the library monthly, 24(19.3%) of respondents use the library
once in a fortnight. Most of the respondents 86(69.3%) of the respondents use the Google
chrome; 20(16.1%) of the respondents use the Mozilla Firefox. 107(86.3%) of the
respondents using database, The study found that 36(29%) of respondents using internet to
Update knowledge and 27(21.7%) of respondents use it study purpose; 44(40%) of
respondents used to store and share information in online resource using Google drive,
93(75%) of respondents used UGC-info net database/journal. 42(33.8%) of the respondents
facing the problem not finding relevant information, followed by 36(29%) of respondents
Software/ hardware problem, Efficiency of visiting internet 47(37.9%) of respondent use
Enhanced proficiency in writing; 35(28.2%) of respondent used Increasing the number of
publication, 66(53.2%) of the respondent of using satisfied; 44(35.5%) of the respondent of
using fully satisfied
A Survey Of Reading And Internet Use Habits Among Undergraduate Students In S...Brittany Allen
This document summarizes a study that investigated the reading and internet use habits of undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria. The study found that students at both universities primarily read textbooks and used the internet for academic purposes like exams and projects. It also found that most students read newspapers at OAU and storybooks at UI, and that the majority of UI students read for 3 hours per day. The main problems reported as affecting reading habits were a lack of awareness, poor lighting, seating, and inadequate resources.
ASSESSMENT ON THE USE OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES BY UNDERGRADUATE OF LIBRARY AND...Sandra Valenzuela
This document discusses a study assessing the use of electronic resources by undergraduate students in the Department of Library and Information Science at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. It provides background on the transition from print to electronic resources and how this impacts library services. The study aims to identify the types of electronic resources available, how students access and use these resources, and any challenges they face. It signifies that understanding student use of electronic resources can help libraries better support the needs of researchers through technology and overcome barriers preventing use of these important information sources.
Building a User-Centric Web-Based Library ServiceMichael Pawlus
This short presentation highlights some recent and emerging technology that can be used to augment a library's web-based service and provide a higher level of user interaction as well as resource discovery and access.
The document provides an environmental scan of issues impacting academic libraries in 2015. It discusses trends in higher education including rising costs, decreased funding, and new technology-driven models. It also summarizes key issues for libraries regarding collections like e-books and demand-driven acquisition, streaming media, textbooks, and collaborative print management. The scan emphasizes libraries' evolving role in providing access to new forms of scholarship and assessing collections in light of metrics beyond traditional ownership.
Researcher Reliance on Digital Libraries: A Descriptive AnalysisIJAEMSJORNAL
The digital library is an information technology that is structured as a digital knowledge resource, or can be alluded to a medium that stores information for a huge scope and is teamed up with the information the board gadget equipped for showing the information or information required by the client. Digital libraries can be extensively characterized as an information stockpiling and recovery frameworks that control digital information in the media (text, pictures, sound, static or dynamic) on the web. The main aim of this study is to study the awareness and using pattern of digital library by the researchers, to analyse the influence of digital library on researchers’ efficiency, analyse the purpose of using Digital Library Consortium, decide the effect of problems and motivational components of the digital library on the users, evaluate the satisfaction level of users with coverage of journals and perspectives on training and awareness programs and propose the available resources for effective utilization of the Digital Library.
Learning Analytics and Libraries: A Natural PartnershipWiLS
Presented at WiLSWorld 2016 on August 2nd, 2016 by Kimberly Arnold, Evaluation Consultant, UW-Madison
Learning analytics has recently burst onto the educational scene. A process that helps optimize the teaching and learning environment for students, educators, and administrators, learning analytics has proven it is more than a passing trend. This session will offer a primer on learning analytics and share examples of how libraries are getting involved.
Revitalizing the Library in the University Knowledge CommunityKaren S Calhoun
Covers some important studies on the future of the academic research library at Pitt and elsewhere. Discusses collaborative processes to build a new vision of library services and immerse the library more fully in research, teaching and learning at the university.
Presentation by Ingrid Parent: Digital Academic Content and the Future of Lib...Ingrid Parent
International Library Cooperation Symposium presentation May 14, 2010 in Tokyo, Japan. Presentation by Ingrid Parent, President elect of IFLA, and University Librarian at the University of British Columbia
Digital Academic Content and the Future of Libraries: International Cooperati...UBC Library
International Library Cooperation Symposium presentation May 14, 2010 in Tokyo, Japan.
Presentation by Ingrid Parent, President elect of IFLA, and University Librarian at the University of British Columbia
The document discusses the work of the Research Information Management (RIM) program. It provides an overview of the program's goals, projects, and working groups. The program aims to understand researchers' needs and help shape the role of libraries in supporting research. Key projects include developing a research services manifesto, assessing data curation roles, and exploring how library staff roles may need to change.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between internet addiction and information-seeking behavior in postgraduate students. The study found that most students were not addicted to the internet, though a small percentage showed signs of risk or addiction. It also found no significant differences in information-seeking behavior based on gender or field of study. The most common problem reported by students in seeking information was limited time to access outdated library resources. Overall, the study concluded there was no relationship between internet addiction and dimensions of information-seeking behavior in this group of postgraduate students.
Short Paper Description Page 1. Online assignment writing service.Samantha Martinez
This document provides three examples of how natural disasters can be viewed differently than just frightening events caused by nature. First, it suggests we may have partial responsibility for natural disasters due to how we influence and treat the earth's environments. Second, it discusses how literature can provide an alternative perspective on natural disasters. It then summarizes one poem from the book "Black Nature" that depicts a natural disaster, an earthquake, from the perspective of how it impacts people rather than just being a natural event.
PPT - Parts Of An Argumentative Essay PowerPoint Presentation, FreeSamantha Martinez
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes original, high-quality work and refunds for plagiarism.
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The document discusses a study on the usability of e-libraries as repositories for learning materials for senior high school students. It provides background on how technology and e-libraries have advanced to provide more flexible access to educational resources online. The study aims to determine the usability of the e-library based on ease of use, functionality, compatibility, and how informative it is. It also looks at any differences in usability based on student demographics like strand and internet connectivity. The results could help teachers, students, and school administrators improve the effectiveness of e-learning through better use of the e-library. The scope is limited to surveying 250 senior high students on their experience using the e-library at Learn and Explore
This quantitative research study aims to understand why graduate students prefer using Google over library databases for scholarly research. A survey will be administered via email to 1600 graduate students at Emporia State University to collect data on their search behaviors, perceptions of ease of use, and other factors. The goal is to receive 300 responses to obtain a reliable sample size. Results will help libraries develop more user-friendly discovery tools and inform database vendors. The research was designed based on a literature review exploring this topic and adheres to ethical standards involving human subjects. Some limitations include potential low response rate and lack of follow up interviews.
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potential career paths for data scientists in libraries, and the potential
amplification of information services (e.g. data curation, institutional repositories, scholarly publishing).
CNI Program: Talk Description: https://www.cni.org/topics/digital-curation/organizational-implications-of-data-science-environments-in-education-research-and-research-management-in-libraries
Video of Talk--Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/149713097
Video of Talk--YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0G9JsPMEXY
The study analysed the awareness and usage of the internet among 124 Students and
research scholars of Alagappa University. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data
collection and MS Excel software was used for analysing the data. The study revealed that
majority of the respondents are female 93(75%) and 65(52.4 %) of respondents are PG
students. research scholars and fewer respondents from Staff. Most of respondents
120(96.8%) using the Internet, Further the study found that 53(42.7%) of using Department
in the University. 43(34.7%) of respondents use the University library. Most of the
respondents 35(28.2%) of used the library monthly, 24(19.3%) of respondents use the library
once in a fortnight. Most of the respondents 86(69.3%) of the respondents use the Google
chrome; 20(16.1%) of the respondents use the Mozilla Firefox. 107(86.3%) of the
respondents using database, The study found that 36(29%) of respondents using internet to
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respondents used to store and share information in online resource using Google drive,
93(75%) of respondents used UGC-info net database/journal. 42(33.8%) of the respondents
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This document summarizes a study that investigated the reading and internet use habits of undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria. The study found that students at both universities primarily read textbooks and used the internet for academic purposes like exams and projects. It also found that most students read newspapers at OAU and storybooks at UI, and that the majority of UI students read for 3 hours per day. The main problems reported as affecting reading habits were a lack of awareness, poor lighting, seating, and inadequate resources.
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This document discusses a study assessing the use of electronic resources by undergraduate students in the Department of Library and Information Science at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. It provides background on the transition from print to electronic resources and how this impacts library services. The study aims to identify the types of electronic resources available, how students access and use these resources, and any challenges they face. It signifies that understanding student use of electronic resources can help libraries better support the needs of researchers through technology and overcome barriers preventing use of these important information sources.
Building a User-Centric Web-Based Library ServiceMichael Pawlus
This short presentation highlights some recent and emerging technology that can be used to augment a library's web-based service and provide a higher level of user interaction as well as resource discovery and access.
The document provides an environmental scan of issues impacting academic libraries in 2015. It discusses trends in higher education including rising costs, decreased funding, and new technology-driven models. It also summarizes key issues for libraries regarding collections like e-books and demand-driven acquisition, streaming media, textbooks, and collaborative print management. The scan emphasizes libraries' evolving role in providing access to new forms of scholarship and assessing collections in light of metrics beyond traditional ownership.
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The document discusses how to request essay writing help from the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a form providing instructions, sources, and deadline for the paper. 3) Writers will bid on the request and the client can choose a writer. 4) The client will receive the paper and can request revisions if needed. 5) HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work.
The document provides instructions for using the HelpWriting.net service to have essays written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Submit a request with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes that original, high-quality work is guaranteed or a full refund will be provided.
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The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the website HelpWriting.net to have a paper written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a form with paper details, sources, and deadline. 3) Writers will bid on the request and the client chooses one based on qualifications. 4) The client reviews the paper and pays if satisfied. 5) Revisions are allowed to ensure satisfaction, and plagiarized work results in a refund.
How To Cite A Newspaper Article In MLA With Examples Bibliography.ComSamantha Martinez
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Charles W. Moore argues in his essay that music piracy is not a victimless crime. While many people view downloading music without paying as harmless, it actually hurts artists and the music industry. Seventy percent of online users do not care if the media they consume, like music, is legally obtained or pirated. Moore asserts that stealing music through illegal downloading is still stealing, and harms the livelihoods of musicians and others in the music industry.
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The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, and reviewing writer bids before authorizing payment upon approval of the completed work. The process involves a bidding system where the client can choose a writer based on qualifications, order history, and feedback to work on their assignment, with the option for free revisions to ensure satisfaction.
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The document discusses a nonprofit organization called Breaking the Cycle of Absentee Father that was started by Sheldon Smith in Chicago. The organization aims to help African American men become better fathers through meetings and discussions to address problems and find solutions. The video relates to Catholic teachings about using wisdom and guidance when making decisions. It also discusses how absentee fathers can negatively impact children and continue intergenerational cycles of poverty. The organization works to break this cycle by aiding fathers.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Access To Online Databases Predicate For Faculty Research Output
1. University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln
11-21-2018
Access to Online Databases: Predicate for Faculty
Research Output
Mercy A. Iroaganachi
Covenant Unversity, mercy.iroaganachi@coveantuniversity.edu.ng
Roland Izuagbe
roland.izuagbe@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
Part of the Library and Information Science Commons
Iroaganachi, Mercy A. and Izuagbe, Roland, "Access to Online Databases: Predicate for Faculty Research Output" (2018). Library
Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2133.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2133
2. Access to Online Databases: Predicate for Faculty Research Output
Mercy A. Iroaganachi
Principal Librarian
Covenant University, Ota
mercy.iroaganachi@coveantuniversity.edu.ng
Roland Izuagbe
Librarian II
Covenant University, Ota
roland.izuagbe@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The study examined the role of access to online databases as the basis for faculty research output
in six universities (comprising two each of federal, state and private) in two Southwestern states
in Nigeria. A descriptive research design guided the study. Multistage sampling procedures
including purposive, stratification, randomization as well as proportionate sampling techniques
were employed to select 339 faculty members who provided the data for the study. The data
were collected using a structured questionnaire. Of the 339 copies of the questionnaires
administered, 89 per cent were retrieved fully completed and found usable. The research
questions that guided the study were analyzed using inferential statistics. Findings revealed that
HINARI, ProQuest, JSTOR, and EBSCOhost were the most regularly accessible online
databases. Incessant power supply and lack of downloadable full-text posed the greatest threats
to online databases access. Similarly, the study found that the provision of full-text of most
relevant research materials, steady power supply and acquisition of information literacy skills
were the most effective ways of addressing online databases access constraints. Accordingly, the
study recommended adequate funding of university libraries, provision of alternative means of
power generation and increased user education for maximum exploitation of subscribed
databases.
Keywords: Access, Online databases, Faculty, Research output.
INTRODUCTION
Research is a method of scientific enquiry by which, through careful and exhaustive
investigation of all ascertainable evidences, bearing upon a definable problem, one can reach a
solution to that problem (Connaway and Powell, 2010). It can also be described as a process of
engaging in a systematic study in order to provide answers to questions, gain new insights on
3. knowledge, develop new products and initiate services. Thus, research is a studious activity
engaged in by universities and other research-based institutions geared principally, towards the
creation of knowledge needed for economic growth and sustainability. For optimum result,
certain individuals with requisite academic qualifications and intellectual expertise are entrusted
with the process. These individuals are sometimes referred to as Academics, Lecturers or
Faculty; as this study chose to address them.
Through original research faculty contributes to the development of research or academic
disciplines and institutions they are attached. All faculty in the teaching and research pathways
are expected to spend significant amount of their time on research in order to remain research
active—producing researches that are internationally excellent in terms of originality,
significance and rigour. Faculty engagement in the production of quality research keeps them
abreast with best international practices in their respective fields. Their engagement with civil
society is integral to ensuring that Universities’ academic activities have genuine economic,
social, cultural and intellectual benefits. This engagement is not a separate activity, but derives
from the scholarly activities of faculty staff. The research successes of these individuals directly
predict the academic image and reputation of the academic institution they belong. Leaving no
room for alternative viewpoint, Stern (2010) quoting Renee Kaswan, founder of IP Advocate,
observed that "people care about the university because of faculty". Their research undertakings
keep their universities and the society they belong current and informed.
One of the key criteria for ranking world class universities is quantity and quality of
faculty research output (Times Higher Education, 2016); a factor that essentially determines
universities’ scholarly credibility and faculty promotion assessment. Besides other factors like
information capacity, soundness of intellectual acumen, technology proficiency and research
infrastructure, faculty research output, also depends greatly on access to available information
resources due to their expediting influence on quality research (Iroaganachi and Izuagbe, 2018).
Due to the proliferation of technology these resources are now being produced, packaged,
disseminated and accessed electronically with the aid of technology. This development is both
instrumental to the emergence of database technology and the spread of consortium building
among confederating libraries/institutions. Currently, publishers/aggregators/vendors offer
access to aggregated information resources in the form of online databases to libraries and other
users through various subscription models — a trend that is rapidly replacing the print
subscription models (Hielmcrone, Maiello, Bainton & Bonnet, 2012). The number of relevant
online databases an institution subscribes to is a measure of its academic and research readiness.
Examples of some online databases are: Web of Science, Emerald, Scopus, ScienceDirect,
ProQuest, EBSCOhost, MEDline, IEEE and a host of others.
The provision of access to information materials underpins the subscription model—an
arrangement where institutions rent ‘access’ to use online databases without physically or
electronically possessing them and will remain so till the subscription contract terminates
(Giordano, 2007). Access is a pathway to quality information; but when it is denied,
developmental information is lost. Access is one’s ability to locate key services at reasonable
4. cost, in reasonable time and with reasonable ease (House of Commons, 2013). It can also be
described as the ability to get what one needs, ideally with a choice of destinations and using a
choice of modes (Owen, Murphy and Levinson, 2015). In the context of this study however,
access is the ability to locate and retrieve relevant research-based information from subscribed
online databases by means of computer and telecommunication system from a remote location.
Hypothetically, access to research information and the eventual process output are
correlated. In that, the quantity and quality of research output hinges on access. However,
Nworgu (2006) in Attama (2013) argued that correlation does not necessarily translate to
causation. In other words, the correlation between variable A and B does not means variable A is
a determinant of B, vice versa. In the same vein, access cannot be equated to use, as
circumstances that determine each composed of varying factors. For example, Dadzie (2005)
studied access and usage of e-resources at the Ashesi University College and found that the
general use of computers for accessing information was high due to the University’s level of ICT
integration. However, usage of the subscribed academic databases was very low. Similar studies
(Kwafoa, Imoro, Osman and Afful-Arthur, 2014; Egberongbe, 2011; Sharma, 2009) have also
lend support for this position without recourse to the expediting influence of access. It is on this
premise this study aims to examine faculty research output using online databases access as
determinant.
Objectives of the study
1. To find out faculty most accessible online databases for research purposes.
2. To identify faculty’s constraints to accessing online databases.
3. To examine possible strategies for overcoming the identified constraints.
Research Questions
1. What online databases are most accessible to faculty for research purposes?
2. What are the constraints faced by faculty in accessing online databases for research?
3. What are the possible strategies for overcoming the constraints faced by faculty in
accessing online databases for research?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Access and online databases
Prior to the advent of databases, index card was man’s system of storing data and
information without recourse to organizing them. This system was highly restrictive because it
has to be manned by a person (Kopal, 2015). The development of database according to the
author dates back to 1950s. For Nisonger (2003) however, the development of databases stated in
the late 60’s with bibliographical databases, followed by CD-ROM databases in the late 80’s
then, online databases in the turn of the twenty-first century. Essentially, the need to structure
data into more useful format for easy access and retrieval laid the foundation for the emergence
of what we now know as online databases. The rapidity of today’s data creation is further
5. triggered not only due to the advent of new technologies but because the demand for access to
quality information has continued to rise across different strata of the society as the usefulness of
databases is felt in every facet of our daily lives (Fortune, 2014). This is an innovation the author
regarded as “the epitome of the everyday in digital society”.
With the emergence of online databases, libraries, especially academic, now focus more
on resources than any other format available, a development that makes information cheaper,
less time-consuming, more user-friendly, ease of access and use (Madhusudhan, 2010). Similar
view has been shared by Pantry (1997) who opined that the emergence of digital resources has
significantly reduced the cost of information and make access more effective than was
previously possible. This position tallies with that of Nisonger (2003) who asserted that
electronic journals, electronic books as well as full-text databases have emerged as essential
sources of information by 1990. Obviously, online databases download capability has made
electronic information resources cost cheaper per user when more users access and use them
(Dolo-Ndlwana, 2013).
Online databases are collection of electronic information resources uniquely or generally
organized to suit the information needs of researchers from specific or multidisciplinary subject
fields. Simply, a database is an organized collection of data in the form of schemas, tables,
queries, reports, views and other objects (Shaw Academy, 2018). Abubakar and Akor (2017)
defined database as an organized collection of information. As the authors further observed,
databases are often characterized by the type of information they contain—text, numbers or
fields. Electronic databases have become a major element of library collections around the globe.
They are essential for learning, teaching and research activities. Samaravickrama and
Samaradiwakara (2014) opined that their impact on academic libraries and scholars is
noteworthy and unprecedented. These databases are organized digital collections of references to
publish literature such as journal articles, newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports,
legal publications, theses, e-books among others. E-databases are in different types such as
bibliographic, full-text, directory and multimedia (Larson, 2017). Shaw Academy (2018)
stratified databases into: centralized database, operational database, end-user database,
commercial database, personal database and distributed database.
Whatever the nomenclature or stratification, online databases portend several advantages
for students, academics and research scholars. The robustness of subjects covered and the extent
to which access is provided to databases’ contents is a measure of the value derivable from the
library. For example, the study of Tenopir and King (2007) reported how return on investment
(ROI) for universities subscribed journal collections were determined using access as a measure.
The study further revealed the correlation among access to e-journal collection, number of
articles consulted per time and the time saved by faculty. Wahab, Shamsuddin, Abdullah and
Hamid (2016) found that the quality of online databases determines faculty satisfaction and
foster willingness for sustained use of same. This is not without quality access because it is not
enough for information to be available or even accessible bibliographically; it must be physically
accessible to those who need them in order to stimulate use.
6. Access and use are significantly correlated (Uzuegbu, Ugah, Nwosu and Aniedu, 2013).
However, Turock and Gustav (2010) averred that access to information has evolved beyond
ability to obtain same with the freedom to use it but include connections to computer networks
with useful and usable content, resources and services with the later implying that users not only
have the skill and knowledge needed to locate, retrieve and use information. Access to electronic
information resources (EIRs) requires relevant search skills, employ appropriate URLs, and
Internet Protocols (IP) to the host sites, and other technologies to access information therewith. It
suffice to note as reported by Uzuegbu et al (2013) that there are EIRs that are not hosted in a
public domain (Open source environment “free”) or purchased as (CD ROMs) which are not
accessible unless they are properly subscribed to. These categories of sources are aggregated into
databases. They could be individual journal sites, publishers’ or aggregators’ database sites.
Some of them include; Emerald Library, ScienceDirect, Nature, IEEE, AGORA, EBSCOhost,
Springer Link, HINARI, SCOPUS, WESTLAW, ILODOC, ProQuest, LISTA among many
others.
Aregbesola and Oguntayo (2014) surveyed the level of awareness, frequency of access,
motivations, use and constraints of databases among faculty members in Landmark University,
Omu-Aran. It was revealed that having access to wide range of e-books and e-journals from
various online databases such as ARDI, Bioline, AGORA, ScienceDirect and Ebrary (now
Ebook Central which provides access to more than 400,000 e-books and other documents across
all disciplines) to carry out research were the major motivations of faculty member’s use of
electronic resources. In another study, Egle, Smeenge, Kassem and Mittal, (2015) observed that
ease of access and searchability ranked top most important features of digital resources
according to the participants of their study.
For access to online databases to occur, the following factors must be deliberately
considered: availability (provision of relevant information), affordability (the state of being able
to bear the financial and technological cost of needed information), capacity (ability to define
information need, locate and evaluate same within the right context), convenience (ability to
locate information with relatively less effort) and safety (it must information that do not portends
significant danger or injury to the user). Obviously, a direct correlation exists between how well
these factors are met and the level of access to online databases provided.
Access constraints of online databases
Despite the numerous advantages ascribed to online databases and the resources they
contained, the medium is beset with several hiccups that if not checked are capable of restricting
access which in turn impede the success of academic and research undertakings among faculty.
These constraints are numerous and can be broadly grouped into technological, infrastructural,
structural, economic and competency some of which are discussed in this section.
Assessing the problems undergraduate and postgraduate students face in accessing e-
resources for various research purposes at Makerere University, Uganda, Okello-Obura and
Ikoja-Odongo’s (2010) findings showed that the respondents have positive attitudes towards e-
7. resources utilization. However, the problems identified with both groups of students include:
slow Internet connectivity; inadequate networked computers; lack of access; inability to use
advanced search strategies on most databases; and a lack of awareness of most of the e-
resources. Obviously, the enormity of these challenges hinders access to research-based
information on all fronts. With these constraints, the quantity and quality of respondents’
research output will be greatly affected if the identified problems are not proactively addressed.
In a similar study conducted by Aina (2014) to identify awareness level, accessibility and use of
online databases among faculty members of Babcock University Business School, Ilishan-Remo,
it was revealed that despite the huge financial commitments of the University to relevant online
databases subscription, many of which faculty members are aware of are not accessible to them
due to internet and power-related challenges.
Another challenge that is associated with online databases access is inflexibility of
content transfer. By renting access to online database contents, interlibrary transaction is
automatically discouraged among institutions with intention to share resources. Polanka (2011)
opined that many database agreements forbid the transfer of contents to a third party.
Furthermore, the renegotiation of prior usage of subscribed electronic resources does not take a
third party into consideration (Undie, 2015). Prior studies (Metz, 2000; Connaway and Wicht,
2007) have attributed the inefficiency of e-contents sharing initiative to the non-inclusion of third
party. However, Polanka (2010) argued that consortia-based subscription to electronic resources
provides access to wider number of electronic information materials at substantially lower cost.
The e-consortia model allows group of libraries to buy e-information (Vasishta and Navjyoti,
2011).
Access to online databases can also be restricted due to security authorization, or the
inability to crawl portions of the web. In any of the cases, documents are inaccessible to the user
or the system because of some limitations. With respect to the latter, for instance, the difficulties
involved in navigating a web site may mean that certain documents are not indexed by the
Information Retrieval (IR) system, and therefore are not accessible to the users via the same
platform. It has been noted that the search ability of a web site would be affected by how easily
pages can be crawled and how well the search engine matches and ranks them (Qiu, 2014). Thus,
search ability becomes inevitable for accessing online databases. Possession of adequate search
skills would afford faculty the confidence in using the full range of subscribed online databases
and other digital resources they would need for scholarly undertakings, research inclusive.
Whosoever wishes to take full advantage of the benefits that online databases offer must be
technology savvy; that is the ability to manipulate and navigate both software and hardware to
access needed electronic information (Issa, Amusan, Olarongbe and Akangbe, 2013).
Software and hardware incompatibility is another barrier that could impede access to
online databases if not considered during the subscription contract. Quoting a blog post (Pooley,
2013); Kahn and Underwood (2013) reinstated the need for publishers to take into account the
production of formats of digital resources that are researchers-friendly. The author noted further
that because e-books are in most cases device-specific, some academics and researchers prefer
8. not to read them rather than struggling with their format. Incompatibility of devices for accessing
online databases negatively affects access (Crosetto, 2011). With respect to e-book databases
collection, the provision of sufficient work stations that promises adequate storage capabilities
are crucial, otherwise, access to the database contents may be hindered (Kahn and Underwood,
2013). Since subscription to relevant online databases does not automatically translate to access
and its eventual use, it therefore behooves libraries (who are usually saddled with such
responsibility) to consider format compatibility prior to subscription.
Constant power supply is a prerequisite for accessing online database contents. In other
words, without sustainable supply of electricity, access to subscribed databases will be
hampered. This is a serious limiting factor in developing nations and until this issue is effectively
addressed, a major challenge of accessing EIRs will continue to stare users from these parts of
the globe in the face. Accordingly, Iroaganachi (2016) affirmed that availability of adequate
power supply will facilitate access to electronic information resources. Regular power supply
ensures both downloads and on-screen reading of information materials. Other issues that
portend significant challenge to unhindered access to online databases as Uzuegbu (2012)
reported from the study carried out at the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture library are:
lack of professional skills, poor knowledge of open access by the university community, low
commitment at the decision-making level of the University Community, internet access in the
University library and space. Where the aforementioned challenges are prevalent, faculty
research effort declines considerably. This in turn affects the scholarly image and credibility that
universities have been trying to build overtime.
9. Figure 1: Conceptual model for online database access and research output
METHODOLOGY
Participants
A descriptive research design was adopted because it aims at analyzing the proposed
variables in order to establish whether or not a correlation exists between access to online
databases and faculty research output. In terms of variable and subject scope, twenty-five online
databases (i.e. full-text and bibliographic) were covered with the former making up about 95 per
cent. Also, faculty were drawn from across the following programmes: Agriculture, Computer
Science, Education, Engineering, Sciences and Social Sciences.
Procedure
In order to achieve good representation, the multistage sampling technique was applied.
First, the Southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria was purposively selected due to its high
concentration of higher institutions. Next, universities in the region were stratified by ownership
(i. e. federal, state and private). Based on this stratification, all the federal, state and private
universities in the region stood equal chance of being selected from the distribution. Thirdly, the
simple random sampling procedure of the ballot system was further employed to select two
universities each from two states (i.e. Lagos and Ogun) as shown in Table 1. The population of
faculty selected from the six universities across federal, state and private in the two states was
3,339. To finally reduce the population to manageable scope, the proportionate sampling
technique based on 10 per cent (Aina, 2002) was used and this gave a sample of 339 faculty.
ScienceDirect,
PubChem
ProQuest,
Emerald
EBSCOhost,
IEEE
Web of
Science
SCOPUS,
DIALOG
Online
Databases
Access
Faculty Research
Output
10. The variance of the entire population was determined using;
Where x represents each value in the population, μ is the mean value of the population, Σ is the
summation (or total), and N is the number of values in the population.
The standard deviation of the sample was ascertained using:
Where x represents each value in the population, x is the mean value of the sample, Σ is the
summation (or total), and n-1 is the number of values in the sample minus 1.
Table 1. Distribution of responded universities by states and institution type
S/N University
Selected states
Total
Lagos Ogun
1 Federal University of Lagos, Akoka Federal University of Agriculture
Abeokuta
2
2 State Lagos state University, Ojo Tai Solarin University of Education,
Ijebu-Ode
2
3 Private Pan-Atlantic University, Ibeju-Lekki Covenant University, Ota 2
Total 3 3 6
Instrument
The questionnaire was adopted as the method of data collection. It was structured to
enable the study collect data on faculty responses vis-à-vis access to online databases and faculty
research output. It was administered on the respondents and retrieved by the researchers. For
access to online databases, the instrument was designed on a 4-point scoring scale weighted as
follows: Regularly Accessible (RA) = 4, Occasionally Accessible (OA) = 3 points, Never
Accessible (NA) = 2 points and Unfamiliar With (UW) 1 = point. This was to enable the study
determines the level to which the examined online databases are accessible by faculty in the
universities studied. For constraints to online databases access and possible strategies for
overcoming the constraints faced by faculty in accessing online databases for research, Strongly
Agree (SA) = 4, Agree (A) = 3, Disagree (D) = 2 and Strongly Disagree (SD) = 1 were used to
ascertain respondents’ level of agreement to the items generated. Of the 339 questionnaire
administered, 298 representing over eighty-nine per cent were duly completed and returned.
11. Data analysis
The study adopted the inferential statistical analysis; data were presented in tables in
simple percentage, mean and standard deviation using real limit of number principle. Also,
responses were ranked and decision taken based on the measurement scale adopted. Findings
were discussed in relation with the objectives and research questions.
Analysis of findings
Research question 1: What online databases are most accessible to faculty for research purpose?
Table 2: Mean and standard deviation scores of respondents on the most accessible online
database among faculty
S/N Online databases
School Ownership
Overall R D
Federal State Private
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
1 HINARI 3.25 .82 3.19 .92 3.15 .86 3.21 .87 1st
RA
2 ProQuest 3.14 .79 3.18 .87 3.29 .80 3.19 .83 2nd
RA
3 JSTOR 3.06 .92 3.18 .91 3.28 .80 3.16 .90 3rd
RA
4 EBSCOhost 3.21 .95 3.10 .99 3.09 1.03 3.14 .98 4th
RA
5 OARE 3.06 1.04 3.11 .90 2.94 1.13 3.07 .98 5th
RA
6 BioOne 2.94 .93 3.16 .85 2.94 .95 3.05 .90 6th
OA
7 AGORA 3.01 .89 3.09 .81 2.76 .99 3.01 .87 7th
OA
8 PubChem 2.95 1.09 2.98 1.01 3.09 .83 2.99 1.01 8th
OA
9 MedlinePlus 3.00 .97 3.03 .94 2.79 1.04 2.98 .97 9th
OA
10 WESTLAW 2.93 1.00 2.90 1.08 3.21 .81 2.96 1.02 10th
OA
11 ASCE Library 3.04 .92 2.96 1.05 2.68 1.09 2.95 1.01 11th
OA
12 EMBASE 2.85 1.06 2.95 .90 3.06 .74 2.93 .94 12th
OA
13 Europe PMC 2.84 .96 3.06 .97 2.62 .99 2.92 .98 13th
OA
14 African Journals OnLine 2.79 1.03 3.04 .93 2.82 .97 2.92 .97 14th
OA
15 Springer Link 2.95 .98 2.92 1.08 2.79 1.15 2.91 1.06 15th
OA
16 PsycINFO 2.88 1.04 2.92 1.00 2.85 .96 2.89 .90 16th
OA
17 ERIC 2.70 1.06 2.95 1.01 3.03 .87 2.87 1.01 17th
OA
18 ScienceDirect 2.95 1.02 2.88 1.06 2.59 1.18 2.86 1.07 18th
OA
19 SCOPUS 2.69 1.09 2.82 1.14 3.15 .86 2.82 1.09 19th
OA
20 AGRICOLA 2.91 1.02 2.65 1.15 2.76 1.26 2.76 1.12 20th
OA
21 OCLC FirstSearch 2.86 1.00 2.75 1.02 2.41 1.10 2.74 1.04 21st
OA
22 Ebook Central 2.65 1.09 2.70 1.04 2.76 1.05 2.69 1.05 22nd
OA
23 Emerald 2.54 1.24 2.60 1.26 2.76 1.26 2.60 1.25 23rd
OA
24 Web of Science 2.70 1.26 2.48 1.28 2.53 1.24 2.57 1.26 24th
OA
25 IEEE 2.23 1.23 2.65 122 2.56 1.16 2.48 1.23 25th
NA
Cluster Mean 2.91 .78 OA
*N = 298; R = Ranking; D = Decision
Table 2 showed the mean ratings of the respondents on access to online databases by
faculty staff of the selected universities. Using real limit of number principle, the results of the
12. data analysis showed that HINARI (Mean = 3.21), ProQuest (Mean = 3.16), JSTOR (Mean =
3.19), and EBSCOhost (Mean = 3.14) were the most regularly accessible (RA) online databases
as the overall mean ratings suggest with HINARI leading the pack. In contrast, Web of Science
(Mean = 2.57), Emerald (Mean = 2.60) and Ebook Central (Mean = 2.69) and a host of others
were occasionally accessed (OA). Regrettably, IEEE (Mean = 2.48), a very rich online database
containing quality research materials in the field of computer science, electrical electronic
engineering and allied disciplines was never accessed (NA) hence; it was ranked least among the
databases distribution. By institution the same line of responses were obtained when respondents
from federal and state universities identified HINARI (Mean 3.25 and 3.19 respectively) as the
most accessible online databases, while those from private universities identified ProQuest
(Mean = 3.29) as the most accessible online database.
Research question 2: What are the constraints faced by faculty in accessing online databases for
research?
Table 3: Mean and standard deviation scores of respondents on the constraints to online
databases access
S/N Items
School Ownership
Overall R D
Federal State Private
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
1 Incessant power supply 3.25 .82 3.19 .92 3.15 .86 3.21 .87 1st
A
2 Unavailability of full-text of most
relevant materials
2.94 .93 3.16 .85 2.94 .95 3.05 .90 2nd
A
3 Unsteady access to the web 3.00 .97 3.03 .94 2.79 1.04 2.98 .97 3rd
A
4 Expensive subscription fee for some
materials
3.04 .92 2.96 1.05 2.68 1.09 2.95 1.01 4th
A
5 Slow servers 2.85 1.06 2.95 .90 3.06 .74 2.93 .94 5th
A
6 Lack of techniques to retrieve most
relevant information
2.84 .96 3.06 .97 2.62 .99 2.92 .98 6th
A
7 Low computer operating skills level 2.79 1.03 3.04 .93 2.82 .97 2.92 .97 7th
A
8 Inability to use the computer for
long period
2.70 1.06 2.95 1.01 3.03 .87 2.87 1.01 8th
A
9
10
Lack of awareness of the
availability of needed information
2.68 .95 2.72 1.07 2.76 .96 2.71 1.01 9th
A
Work overload/internet connectivity 2.65 1.09 2.70 1.04 2.76 1.05 2.69 1.05 10th
A
Cluster Mean 2.92 .45 A
*N = 298; R = Ranking; D = Decision
Table 3 revealed the mean ratings of the respondents on the constraints to online
databases access among faculty. Typical of developing countries, incessant power supply (Mean
= 3.21) top the items identifying constraints to online databases access. Next is unavailability of
full-text of most relevant materials (Mean = 3.05), unsteady access to the web (Mean = 2.98) and
expensive subscription fee for some materials (Mean = 2.95). On institutional bases however, the
position of respondents in relation to the order differ slightly. For example, unavailability of full-
13. text of most relevant materials was not rated as the second most challenging constraint to online
databases access among respondents in federal and private universities. Observably, the issue of
inadequate skills required to effectively access these resources is common among faculty in state
universities than their federal and private universities counterparts. Overall, the table indicated
that faculty from the three institutional types surveyed unanimously agreed (A) that the items
pose significant threat to online databases access.
Research question 3: What are the possible strategies for overcoming the constraints faced by
faculty in accessing online databases for research?
Table 4: Mean and standard deviation scores of respondents on possible strategies for
overcoming the identified access constraints to online databases
S/N Items
School Ownership
Overall R D
Federal State Private
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
1 Provision of full-text of most
relevant materials
3.21 .96 3.11 .94 3.35 .77 3.18 .93 1st
A
2 Provision of steady power
supply
3.11 .91 3.25 1.20 3.03 .87 3.17 3.11 2nd
A
3 Reduced subscription fee for
all online databases
2.89 .99 3.10 .97 2.94 1.01 3.00 .98 3rd
A
4 Steady access to the web 2.98 .95 2.93 .98 3.29 .91 3.00 .97 4th
A
5 Training on acquisition of
information literacy skills
2.91 .94 3.02 1.03 3.03 .97 2.98 .99 5th
A
6 Provision of high quality
information on the web
3.10 .88 2.90 .99 2.88 .95 2.97 .95 6th
A
7 Provision of increased
internet bandwidth
2.95 .88 2.88 1.05 2.71 .84 2.88 1.01 7th
A
8 Development of good
staying power with the
computer for longer period
2.69 1.07 2.81 .96 2.91 .97 2.78 1.05 8th
A
9 Training on improvement of
computer operating skills
2.76 1.07 2.72 .84 2.68 .97 2.73 1.10 9th
A
10
Awareness creation of the
availability of needed
information
2.60 .84 2.54 .78 2.76 .96 2.60 .76 10th
A
Cluster Mean 2.63 .83 A
*N = 298; R = Ranking; D = Decision
Table 4 revealed the mean ratings of the respondents on strategies for overcoming the
challenges faced by faculty when accessing online databases. Overall, the provision of full text
of most relevant materials (Mean = 3.18) ranked highest among the distribution. This is followed
by provision of steady power supply (Mean = 3.17), reduced subscription fee for all online
databases and training on acquisition of information literacy skills (Mean = 3.00) respectively.
On the other extreme, awareness creation of the availability of needed information (Mean =
14. 2.60), training on improvement of computer operating skills (Mean = 2.73) and development of
good staying power with the computer for longer period (Mean = 2.78) ranked least respectively,
suggesting that they are not serious constraints affecting online databases access. The
institutional mean ratings differ significantly from the overall. For faculty in state universities,
the provision of steady power supply (Mean = 3.25) stood out as way of addressing online
databases access constraints. Also, steady access to the web (Mean = 3.29) ranked second
according to faculty in private universities.
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Research question one sought to identify the most accessible online databases for
research purposes among faculty in selected federal, state and private universities in Southwest
Nigeria. According to analysis, HINARI, ProQuest, JSTOR , and EBSCOhost were the most
regularly accessible among the examined online databases. By implication, online databases that
provide free or low-cost online access to information resources for researchers, especially in
developing countries constitute about 50 per cent of the regularly accessed online databases to
faculty members in the studied universities. This finding contradict that of Iroaganachi and
Izuagbe (2018) who found that Google Scholar, Springer Link, Emerald, MyLibrary are the most
utilized electronic information resources databases by academic staff for research in Southwest
Nigeria. Though, the focus of the study was not to determine access (as the current study intends)
but utilization. However, studies (Abubakar and Akor, 2017; Aina, 2011; Angello, 2010) have
established that it is access that gave rise to use. In other words, prior to the identification of the
most utilized databases, individuals must first gain access to them. By inference therefore, the
research information contained in some of the reputed online databases like IEEE, Web of
Science, Emerald, ScienceDirect and Springer Link are either occasionally accessed (OA) or not
accessed at all (NA) by faculty. This position is very true of faculty in federal and state
universities as findings revealed. Inability to access quality online databases equals denial of
quality research information.
The knowledge-base of a faculty who is not engaging in research becomes obsolete for
lack of up-to-datedness that comes as a result of quality research that makes the academia.
Without the acquisition of new knowledge, research and quality articles published in reputable
journals, a faculty will remain stagnated allowing secondary illiteracy to set in. Provision of
unhindered access to online databases is thus a useful way of equipping faculty, postgraduate
students or other persons who are expected or desire to maintain a close professional
understanding of current developments in scholarship in their subject fields.
Research question two attempted to unearth the constraints to online databases access for
research purposes among faculty. Typical of developing countries, incessant power supply posed
the greatest threat to online databases access among faculty. This result tallies with that of
Attama (2013) who revealed that the most inhibiting factor to e-resources utilization by
academics is lack of adequate supply of power. On the role of constant electric supply to
sustainable development, Ekundayo and Ekundayo (2009) reported that incessant power
15. supply/interruption in Nigeria is a perennial challenge plaguing almost every aspect of the
nation’s economy; education inclusive. Nine years down the line, the outcome of the current
study shows that the situation has not changed. This infrastructural deficit may compel faculty to
settle for print resources, a choice capable of limiting speed, quality and quantity of research
output. This is because, online database contents have the ability to provide faster and easier
access to current information anywhere (Iwehabura, 2009).
In a descending order of importance, unavailability of full-text of most relevant materials,
unsteady access to the web, expensive subscription fee for some materials are other prominent
inhibitors of online databases access as analysis revealed. These results showed that faculty are
hindered by gamut of challenges in the course of accessing online database contents. Moyo’s
(2004) study attempted to ascertain users’ expectations from their respective libraries. Top on the
list of endless items, access to full-text or downloadable or printable resources ranked highest.
Carr and Wolfe (1999) had earlier reported that full-text databases are perceived as prohibitively
expensive for a single institution. Yi (2018) also revealed that access to databases is impeded due
to high subscriptions that take up significant proportion of academic library budget. Where
universities lack the financial commitment, they become destitute of high-quality research
information sources (Brooks, 2010). If this constraint applies to universities in the developed
world where these scenarios were inferred, less is expected of their developing counterparts.
Lack of access to full-text or recent materials as faculty have indicated shows inability to
subscribe to quality full-text online databases by their respective universities. With respect to
unsteady access to the web, Abubakar and Diyoshak (2015) found that when access to
information resources on the internet is unavailable, scholarship suffers. They further observed
that steady internet access expedites reference librarians’ answers to faculty research queries that
may arise in the course of undertaking research. When research materials are not handy due to
failure of communication and electrical infrastructure (UNICEF, 2017), the flow of research
ideas is hindered and distorted. The Science and Technology Options Assessment (2015) had
also attributed unsteady access to the web as one of the constraints to the inefficiency of health
systems in developing countries.
For research question three that aimed at identifying possible strategies for overcoming
the constraints faced by faculty in accessing online databases, the study found that the provision
of full-text of most relevant materials, steady power supply and training on acquisition of
information literacy skills were the most effective ways of addressing online databases access
challenges. The finding indicated in part that beside the free or low-cost databases examined,
most of the quality subscription-based databases surveyed are out of reach to most of the faculty
hence; they are appealing for reduction of subscription fee to promote access. This position of
faculty is congruent with Izuagbe’s (2017) recommendation of consolidating electronic
information resource packages for homogeneity thereby increasing affordability to encourage e-
resources inclusion in academic libraries. The issue of inaccessibility of full-text online
databases to faculty is somewhat worrisome and needs urgent attention, because quality research
materials are required for a robust knowledge creation and acquisition, especially from databases
16. that are duly subscribed to by institutions. If the full-text will not be made available then such
should be included only in databases of abstracts. Also, steady power supply for effective
utilization of Programme for Enhancement of Resources Initiative (PERii) electronic journals at
the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and acquisition of information literacy skill for
judicious accessibility and use of online databases have proffered by Katabalwa and Underwood
(2017) and Daramola (2016) respectively.
RECOMMENDATIONS
From the findings emanating from the study, the following recommendations are made:
1. Adequate funding of university libraries: To ensure the availability of quality research
materials from full-text online databases, governments at the federal and state levels (for
federal and state-owned universities) as well as the parent bodies of private universities
should ensure increased subscription to relevant downloadable full-text online databases.
This is achievable by increasing the annual allocations for universities so that a
reasonable percentage of such allocation can be spent on the development of libraries and
relevant infrastructures.
2. Cooperative resources sharing: Running university libraries can be capital intensive
such that most times overwhelm the capacity of individual institution. Thus, university
libraries should engage in consortium-building with the aim of sharing resources to
promote research among confederating institutions.
3. Provision of constant electricity: Regular electricity is sacrosanct for powering internet
and other ICT infrastructures in order to guarantee constant access to online databases.
Thus, university funding authorities should provide alternative means of power
generation, particularly, for their libraries through the provision of generating plants or
inverter/solar system to ensure continuous access to both academic and research
information resources by faculty and research scholars. Similarly, Nigeria university
libraries should engage in the development of ICT infrastructure such as increased
bandwidth that is necessary for connecting to the internet for ensuring access to online
databases which is of utmost important to faculty/university research output.
4. Increased user education: Universities libraries should intensify effort towards
organizing proactive regular information literacy drills for faculty to ensure maximum
exploitation of subscribed databases for groundbreaking research.
CONCLUSION
The study examined the correlation between access to online databases and faculty
research output and its attendant impact on scholarship. Affirmatively, the study established in
17. general terms that the overall success of faculty research undertakings is predicated on the
quality and quantity of availability of research materials and the level of access provided. More
specifically, judging by the scoring pattern adopted in the study, faculty level of access to the
surveyed online databases in federal, state and private universities in Lagos and Ogun States can
be best described as “occasional”. This was empirically supported by the results of data analysis,
discussed side-by-side with extant literature. The disturbing consequences the outcome of this
study portend for scholarship is a wake-up call for universities that want to live up to their name,
status and expectation, to ensure the availability of institution-research focused online databases
as well as providing adequate access to them.
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