- Process costing is used for products that are similar and produced continuously, while job-order costing is used for unique jobs. - Process costing accumulates costs by department rather than individual jobs. Costs flow through manufacturing accounts like Work in Process and are ultimately transferred to Finished Goods. - Equivalent units of production considers partially completed units by calculating a percentage of completion and combining it with fully completed units to determine total production for the period.

1. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007McGraw-Hill /Irwin
Systems Design:
Process Costing
Chapter 4

2. 4-2
 Both systems assign material, labor and
overhead costs to products and they provide a
mechanism for computing unit product cost.
 Both systems use the same manufacturing
accounts, including Manufacturing Overhead,
Raw Materials, Work in Process, and Finished
Goods.
 The flow of costs through the manufacturing
accounts is basically the same in both systems.
Similarities Between Job-Order
and Process Costing

3. 4-3
 Process costing is used when a single product is
produced on a continuing basis or for a long period of
time. Job-order costing is used when many different jobs
are worked on each period.
 Process costing systems accumulate costs by
department. Job-order costing systems accumulated
costs by individual jobs.
 Process costing systems use department production
reports to accumulate costs. Job-order costing systems
use job cost sheets to accumulate costs.
 Process costing systems compute unit costs by
department. Job-order costing systems compute unit
costs by job.
Differences Between Job-Order
and Process Costing

4. 4-4
Process costing is used for products that are:
a. Different and produced continuously.
b. Similar and produced continuously.
c. Individual units produced to customer
specifications.
d. Purchased from vendors.
Quick Check 

5. 4-5
Process costing is used for products that are:
a. Different and produced continuously.
b. Similar and produced continuously.
c. Individual units produced to customer
specifications.
d. Purchased from vendors.
Quick Check 

6. 4-6
What is a Processing Department?
Any location in an organization where materials,
labor or overhead are added to the product.
The activities performed in a processing
department are performed uniformly on all
units of production. Furthermore, the output of
a processing department must be
homogeneous.

7. 4-7
Finished
Goods
Cost of
Goods
Sold
Work in
Proces
s
Direct
Materials
Direct Labor
Manufacturing
Overhead
Comparing Job-Order
and Process Costing

8. 4-8
Finished
Goods
Cost of
Goods
Sold
Direct Labor
Manufacturing
Overhead
Jobs
Costs are traced and
applied to individual
jobs in a job-order
cost system.
Direct
Materials
Comparing Job-Order
and Process Costing

9. 4-9
Finished
Goods
Cost of
Goods
Sold
Direct Labor
Manufacturing
Overhead
Processing
Department
Costs are traced and
applied to departments
in a process cost
system.
Direct
Materials
Comparing Job-Order
and Process Costing

10. 4-10
Learning Objective
To record the flow
of materials, labor, and
overhead through a
process costing system.
LO1

11. 4-11
For purposes of this example,
assume there are two
processing departments –
Departments A and B.
We will use T-accounts and
journal entries.
T-Account and Journal Entry
Views of Cost Flows

12. 4-12
Raw Materials
Work in Process
Department B
Work in Process
Department A
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Materials
Process Cost Flows
(in T-account form)

13. 4-13
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 4
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Work in Process - Department A XXXXX
Work in Process - Department B XXXXX
Raw Materials XXXXX
To record the use of direct material.
Process Cost Flows
(in journal entry form)

14. 4-14
Work in Process
Department B
Work in Process
Department A
Wages Payable
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Labor
•Direct
Labor •Direct
Labor
Process Cost Flows
(in T-account form)

15. 4-15
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 4
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Work in Process - Department A XXXXX
Work in Process - Department B XXXXX
Salaries and Wages Payable XXXXX
To record direct labor costs.
Process Cost Flows
(in journal entry form)

16. 4-16
Work in Process
Department B
Work in Process
Department A
Manufacturing
Overhead
•Overhead
Applied to
Work in
Process
•Applied
Overhead
•Applied
Overhead
•Direct
Labor
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Labor
•Direct
Materials
•Actual
Overhead
Process Cost Flows
(in T-account form)

17. 4-17
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 4
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Work in Process - Department A XXXXX
Work in Process - Department B XXXXX
Manufacturing Overhead XXXXX
To apply overhead to departments.
Process Cost Flows
(in journal entry form)

18. 4-18
Work in Process
Department B
Work in Process
Department A
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Labor
•Applied
Overhead
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Labor
•Applied
Overhead
Transferred
to Dept. B
•Transferred
from Dept. A
Process Cost Flows
(in T-account form)

19. 4-19
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 4
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Work in Process - Department B XXXXX
Work in Process - Department A XXXXX
To record the transfer of goods from
Department A to Department B.
Process Cost Flows
(in journal entry form)

20. 4-20
Finished Goods
Work in Process
Department B
•Cost of
Goods
Manufactured
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Labor
•Applied
Overhead
•Transferred
from Dept. A
•Cost of
Goods
Manufactured
Process Cost Flows
(in T-account form)

21. 4-21
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 4
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Finished Goods XXXXX
Work in Process - Department B XXXXX
To record the completion of goods
and their transfer from Department B
to finished goods inventory.
Process Cost Flows
(in journal entry form)

22. 4-22
Finished Goods
Cost of Goods Sold
Work in Process
Department B
•Cost of
Goods
Manufactured
•Direct
Materials
•Direct
Labor
•Applied
Overhead
•Transferred
from Dept. A
•Cost of
Goods
Sold
•Cost of
Goods
Sold
•Cost of
Goods
Manufactured
Process Cost Flows
(in T-account form)

23. 4-23
GENERAL JOURNAL Page 4
Date Description
Post.
Ref. Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable XXXXX
Sales XXXXX
To record sales on account.
Cost of Goods Sold XXXXX
Finished Goods XXXXX
To record cost of goods sold.
Process Cost Flows
(in journal entry form)

24. 4-24
Equivalent units are the product of the number of
partially completed units and the percentage
of completion of those units.
We need to calculate equivalent units because a
department usually has some partially completed units
in its beginning and ending inventory.
Equivalent Units of Production

25. 4-25
Two half completed products are
equivalent to one completed product.
So, 10,000 units 70% complete
are equivalent to 7,000 complete units.
+ = 1
Equivalent Units – The Basic Idea

26. 4-26
For the current period, Jones started 15,000
units and completed 10,000 units, leaving
5,000 units in process that are 30 percent
complete. How many equivalent units of
production did Jones have for the period?
a. 10,000
b. 11,500
c. 13,500
d. 15,000
Quick Check 

27. 4-27
For the current period, Jones started 15,000
units and completed 10,000 units, leaving
5,000 units in process that are 30 percent
complete. How many equivalent units of
production did Jones have for the period?
a. 10,000
b. 11,500
c. 13,500
d. 15,000
10,000 units + (5,000 units × 0.30)
= 11,500 equivalent units
Quick Check 

28. 4-28
Learning Objective
To compute the
equivalent units of
production using the
weighted-average method.
LO2

29. 4-29
Calculating Equivalent Units
Equivalent units can be calculated two
ways:
The First-In, First-Out Method – FIFO is
covered in the appendix to this chapter.
The Weighted-Average Method – This
method will be covered in the main portion of the
chapter.

30. 4-30
Cost per
equivalent
unit
=
Costs for the period
Equivalent units of production
for the period
The weighted-average method . . .
• Makes no distinction between work done in prior or
current periods.
• Blends together units and costs from prior and
current periods.
Equivalent Units of Production
Weighted-Average Method

31. 4-31
Direct labor costs
may be small
in comparison to
other product
costs in process
cost systems.
Direct
Materials
Type of Product Cost
DollarAmount
Direct
Labor
Conversion
Process Costing and Direct Labor

32. 4-32
Type of Product Cost
DollarAmount
Conversion
Direct labor and manufacturing overhead may be
combined into one product cost called conversion.
Direct
Materials Direct labor costs
may be small
in comparison to
other product
costs in process
cost systems.
Process Costing and Direct Labor

33. 4-33
Smith Company reported the following activity
in Department A for the month of June:
Percent Completed
Units Materials Conversion
Work in process, June 1 300 40% 20%
Units started into production in June 6,000
Units completed and transferred out 5,400
of Department A during June
Work in process, June 30 900 60% 30%
Weighted-Average Example

34. 4-34
The first step in calculating the equivalent units is to
identify the units completed and transferred out of
Department A in June (5,400 units)
Materials Conversion
Units completed and transferred
out of Department A in June 5,400 5,400
Weighted-Average Example

35. 4-35
The second step is to identify the equivalent units of
production in ending work in process with respect
to materials for the month (540 units) and add this
to the 5,400 units from step one.Materials Conversion
Units completed and transferred
out of Department A in June 5,400 5,400
Work in process, June 30:
900 units × 60% 540
Equivalent units of Production in
Department A during June 5,940
Weighted-Average Example

36. 4-36
Materials Conversion
Units completed and transferred
out of Department A in June 5,400 5,400
Work in process, June 30:
900 units × 60% 540
900 units × 30% 270
Equivalent units of Production in
Department A during June 5,940 5,670
The third step is to identify the equivalent units of
production in ending work in process with respect
to conversion for the month (270 units) and add
this to the 5,400 units from step one.
Weighted-Average Example

37. 4-37
Materials Conversion
Units completed and transferred
out of Department A in June 5,400 5,400
Work in process, June 30:
900 units × 60% 540
900 units × 30% 270
Equivalent units of Production in
Department A during June 5,940 5,670
Equivalent units of production always equals:
Units completed and transferred
+ Equivalent units remaining in work in process
Weighted-Average Example

38. 4-38
Beginning
Work in Process
300 Units
40% Complete
Ending
Work in Process
900 Units
60% Complete
6,000 Units Started
5,400 Units Completed
5,100 Units Started
and Completed
Materials
5,400 Units Completed
540 Equivalent Units 900 × 60%
5,940 Equivalent units
of production
Weighted-Average Example

39. 4-39
6,000 Units Started
5,400 Units Completed
5,100 Units Started
and Completed
270 Equivalent Units
900 × 30%
5,670 Equivalent units
of production
Beginning
Work in Process
300 Units
20% Complete
Ending
Work in Process
900 Units
30% Complete
Conversion
Weighted-Average Example

40. 4-40
A computation of
cost per equivalent unit.
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Production Report
A quantity schedule
showing the flow of units
and the computation of
equivalent units.
Production Report – Weighted-Average

41. 4-41
 Cost Reconciliation
section shows the
reconciliation of all cost
flows into and out of the
department during the
period.
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Production Report
Production Report

42. 4-42
Assume that Double Diamond Skis uses the
weighted-average method of process costing
to determine unit costs in it Shaping and
Milling Department.
Production Report Example

43. 4-43
Production Report Example
Work in process, May 1: 200 units
Materials: 55% complete $ 9,600
Conversion: 30% complete 5,575
Production started during May 5,000 units
Production completed during May 4,800 units
Costs added to production in May
Materials cost $ 368,600
Conversion cost 350,900
Work in process, May 31 400 units
Materials: 40% complete
Conversion: 25% complete

44. 4-44
Learning Objective
To prepare a quantity
schedule using the
weighted-average method.
LO3

45. 4-45
Step1: Prepare Quantity Schedule with Equivalent Units.
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Materials Conversion
Units accounted for as follows:
Completed and transferred 4,800 4,800 4,800
Work in process, May 31 400
Production Report Example

46. 4-46
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Materials Conversion
Units accounted for as follows:
Completed and transferred 4,800 4,800 4,800
Work in process, May 31 400
Materials 40% complete 160
5,200 4,960
Step1: Prepare Quantity Schedule with Equivalent Units.
Production Report Example

47. 4-47
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Materials Conversion
Units accounted for as follows:
Completed and transferred 4,800 4,800 4,800
Work in process, May 31 400
Materials 40% complete 160
Conversion 25% complete 100
5,200 4,960 4,900
Step1: Prepare Quantity Schedule with Equivalent Units.
Production Report Example

48. 4-48
Learning Objective
To compute the costs per
equivalent unit using the
weighted-average method.
LO4

49. 4-49
Step 2: Calculating the
Costs Per Equivalent Unit
To calculate the cost per equivalent
unit for the period:
Cost per
equivalent
unit
=
Costs for the period
Equivalent units of production
for the period

50. 4-50
Step 2: Compute the cost per equivalent unit.
Total
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 15,175$ 9,600$ 5,575$
Costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department 719,500 368,600 350,900
Total cost 734,675$ 378,200$ 356,475$
Equivalent units 4,960 4,900
Cost per equivalent unit
Production Report Example

51. 4-51
Total
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 15,175$ 9,600$ 5,575$
Costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department 719,500 368,600 350,900
Total cost 734,675$ 378,200$ 356,475$
Equivalent units 4,960 4,900
Cost per equivalent unit 76.25$
Step 2: Compute the cost per equivalent unit.
$378,200 ÷ 4,960 units = $76.25
Production Report Example

52. 4-52
Total
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 15,175$ 9,600$ 5,575$
Costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department 719,500 368,600 350,900
Total cost 734,675$ 378,200$ 356,475$
Equivalent units 4,960 4,900
Cost per equivalent unit 76.25$ 72.75$
Total cost per equivalent unit = $76.25 + $72.75 = $149.00
$356,475 ÷ 4,900 units = $72.75
Step 2: Compute the cost per equivalent unit.
Production Report Example

53. 4-53
Learning Objective
To prepare a cost
reconciliation using the
weighted-average method.
LO5

54. 4-54
Step 3: Prepare a Cost Reconciliation
Total Equivalent Units
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost accounted for as follows:
Transferred out during May 4,800 4,800
Work in process, May 31:
Materials 160
Conversion 100
Total work in process, May 31
Total cost accounted for
Production Report Example

55. 4-55
Total Equivalent Units
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost accounted for as follows:
Transferred out during May 715,200$ 4,800 4,800
Work in process, May 31:
Materials 160
Conversion 100
Total work in process, May 31
Total cost accounted for
4,800 units @ $149.00
Step 3: Prepare a Cost Reconciliation
Production Report Example

56. 4-56
Total Equivalent Units
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost accounted for as follows:
Transferred out during May 715,200$ 4,800 4,800
Work in process, May 31:
Materials 12,200 160
Conversion 7,275 100
Total work in process, May 31 19,475
Total cost accounted for 734,675$
160 units @ $76.25
Step 3: Prepare a Cost Reconciliation
All costs
accounted for
100 units @ $72.75
Production Report Example

57. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007McGraw-Hill /Irwin
FIFO Method
Appendix 4A

58. 4-58
FIFO vs. Weighted-Average Method
The FIFO method (generally considered more
accurate that the weighted-average method)
differs from the weighted-average method in
two ways:
1. The computation of equivalent units.
2. The way in which the costs of beginning
inventory are treated in the cost
reconciliation report.

59. 4-59
Learning Objective
To compute the
equivalent units of
production using
the FIFO method.
LO1

60. 4-60
Equivalent Units – FIFO Method
Let’s revisit the Smith Company example.
Assume the following activity is reported in
Department A for the month of June:
Percent Completed
Units Materials Conversion
Work in process, June 1 300 40% 20%
Units started into production in June 6,000
Units completed and transferred out 5,400
of Department A during June
Work in process, June 30 900 60% 30%

61. 4-61
Equivalent Units – FIFO Method
Percent Completed
Units Materials Conversion
Work in process, June 1 300 40% 20%
Units started into production in June 6,000
Units completed and transferred out 5,400
of Department A during June
Work in process, June 30 900 60% 30%
Step 1: Determine the number of units completed and
transferred out of Department A in June.

62. 4-62
Equivalent Units – FIFO Method
Materials Conversion
Units completed and transferred
out of Department A in June 5,400 5,400
Work in process, June 30:
900 units × 60% 540
900 units × 30% 270
Equivalent units of Production in
Department A during June 5,940 5,670
Step 2: Add the equivalent units of production in ending
work in process inventory (540 units for material and
270 units for conversion) to the units completed and
transferred our during June.

63. 4-63
Equivalent Units – FIFO Method
Materials Conversion
Equivalent units or Production in
Department A during June 5,940 5,670
Equivalent units in beginning inventory
300 units × 40% 120
300 units × 20% 60
Equivalent units of Production in
Department A during June 5,820 5,610
Step 3: Subtract the equivalent units in beginning work in process
inventory (120 units for materials and 60 units for conversion)
from the sum of the units completed and transferred out and
the equivalent units in ending work in process inventory.

64. 4-64
Beginning
Work in Process
300 Units
40% Complete
Ending
Work in Process
900 Units
60% Complete
6,000 Units Started
5,400 Units Started
and Completed
Materials
Material
Units completed and transferred out 5,400
Equivalent units in ending WIP inventory 540
Equivalent units in beginning WIP inventory (120)
Equivalent units of production 5,820
Equivalent Units – FIFO Method

65. 4-65
6,000 Units Started
5,400 Units Started
and Completed
Beginning
Work in Process
300 Units
20% Complete
Ending
Work in Process
900 Units
30% Complete
Conversion
Conversion
Units completed and transferred out 5,400
Equivalent units in ending WIP inventory 270
Equivalent units in beginning WIP inventory (60)
Equivalent units of production 5,610
Equivalent Units – FIFO Method

66. 4-66
Equivalent Units: Weighted Average vs. FIFO
Materials Conversion
Equivalent units - weighted average method 5,940 5,670
Less equivalent units in beginning inventory:
300 units × 40% 120
300 units × 20% 60
Equivalent units - FIFO method 5,820 5,610
As shown below, the equivalent units in beginning inventory are
subtracted from the equivalent units of production per the weighted-
average method to obtain the equivalent units of production under
the FIFO method.

67. 4-67
The Production Report - FIFO Method
Let’s revisit the Double Diamond Skis Shaping and Milling
Department for May to prepare our production report.
Work in process, May 1: 200 units
Materials: 55% complete $ 9,600
Conversion: 30% complete 5,575
Production started during May 5,000 units
Production completed during May 4,800 units
Costs added to production in May
Materials cost $ 368,600
Conversion cost 350,900
Work in process, May 31 400 units
Materials: 40% complete
Conversion: 25% complete

68. 4-68
Learning Objective
To prepare a
quantity schedule
using the FIFO
method.
LO2

69. 4-69
The Production Report - FIFO Method
Step 1: Prepare the quantity schedule and compute
equivalent units.
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Units accounted for as follows: Materials Conversion
Beginning inventory:
Materials 200 units × 45% 90
Conversion 200 units × 70% 140
Units started and completed 4,600 4,600
Ending inventory:
Materials 400 units × 40% 160
Conversion 400 units × 25% 100
Total equivalent units 4,850 4,840

70. 4-70
The Production Report - FIFO Method
Step 2: Calculate the equivalent units of material and conversion
that were transferred from beginning work in process to
the next department.
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Units accounted for as follows: Materials Conversion
Beginning inventory:
Materials 200 units × 45% 90
Conversion 200 units × 70% 140
Units started and completed 4,600 4,600
Ending inventory:
Materials 400 units × 40% 160
Conversion 400 units × 25% 100
Total equivalent units 4,850 4,840

71. 4-71
The Production Report - FIFO Method
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Units accounted for as follows: Materials Conversion
Beginning inventory:
Materials 200 units × 45% 90
Conversion 200 units × 70% 140
Units started and completed 4,600 4,600
Ending inventory:
Materials 400 units × 40% 160
Conversion 400 units × 25% 100
Total equivalent units 4,850 4,840
Step 3: Determine the number of units started and
completed during the period.

72. 4-72
The Production Report - FIFO Method
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Units accounted for as follows: Materials Conversion
Beginning inventory:
Materials 200 units × 45% 90
Conversion 200 units × 70% 140
Units started and completed 4,600 4,600
Ending inventory:
Materials 400 units × 40% 160
Conversion 400 units × 25% 100
Total equivalent units 4,850 4,840
Step 4: Calculate the equivalent units of material and
conversion that are in ending work in process
inventory.

73. 4-73
The Production Report - FIFO Method
Units to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 200
Started into production 5,000
Total units 5,200
Equivalent units
Units accounted for as follows: Materials Conversion
Beginning inventory:
Materials 200 units × 45% 90
Conversion 200 units × 70% 140
Units started and completed 4,600 4,600
Ending inventory:
Materials 400 units × 40% 160
Conversion 400 units × 25% 100
Total equivalent units 4,850 4,840
Step 5: Calculate the total equivalent units for
materials and conversion.

74. 4-74
Learning Objective
To compute the costs
per equivalent unit
using the FIFO method.
LO3

75. 4-75
Cost per Equivalent Unit
Total
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 15,175$
Costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department 719,500 368,600 350,900
Total cost 734,675$ 368,600$ 350,900$
Equivalent units 4,960 4,900
Cost per equivalent unit 74.31$ 71.61$
Total cost per equivalent unit = $76.25 + $72.75 = $149.00
Notice that the costs of beginning work in process
inventory of $15,175, is not broken down by
materials and conversion components

76. 4-76
Cost per Equivalent Unit
Total
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 15,175$
Costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department 719,500 368,600 350,900
Total cost 734,675$ 368,600$ 350,900$
Equivalent units 4,850 4,900
Cost per equivalent unit 76.00$ 71.61$
Total cost per equivalent unit = $76.25 + $72.75 = $149.00
We divide the costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department by the number of
equivalent unit for materials.

77. 4-77
Cost per Equivalent Unit
Total
Cost Materials Conversion
Cost to be accounted for:
Work in process, May 1 15,175$
Costs added in the Shipping
and Milling Department 719,500 368,600 350,900
Total cost 734,675$ 368,600$ 350,900$
Equivalent units 4,850 4,840
Cost per equivalent unit 76.00$ 72.50$
Total cost per equivalent unit = $76.00 + $72.50 = $148.50
We follow the same procedure for conversion
and add the two equivalent unit costs to get
the total cost per equivalent unit.

78. 4-78
Learning Objective
To prepare a cost
reconciliation using
the FIFO method.
LO4

79. 4-79
Cost Reconciliation
Total Equivalent Units
Cost Materials Conversion
Work in process, May 1: 15,175$
Materials (90 × $76.00) 6,840 90
Conversion (140 × $72.50) 10,150 140
Total 32,165
Started and completed in May 683,100 4,600 4,600
Work in process, May 31:
Materials (160 × $76.00) 12,160 160
Conversion (100 × $72.50) 7,250 100
Total 19,410
Total cost accounted for 734,675$
Step 1: Calculate the total cost from beginning
inventory transferred to the next department.

80. 4-80
Cost Reconciliation
Total Equivalent Units
Cost Materials Conversion
Work in process, May 1: 15,175$
Materials (90 × $76.00) 6,840 90
Conversion (140 × $72.50) 10,150 140
Total 32,165
Started and completed in May 683,100 4,600 4,600
Work in process, May 31:
Materials (160 × $76.00) 12,160 160
Conversion (100 × $72.50) 7,250 100
Total 19,410
Total cost accounted for 734,675$
4,600 units × $148.50
Step 2: Calculate the cost of units started and
completed during the period.

81. 4-81
Total Equivalent Units
Cost Materials Conversion
Work in process, May 1: 15,175$
Materials (90 × $76.00) 6,840 90
Conversion (140 × $72.50) 10,150 140
Total 32,165
Started and completed in May 683,100 4,600 4,600
Work in process, May 31:
Materials (160 × $76.00) 12,160 160
Conversion (100 × $72.50) 7,250 100
Total 19,410
Total cost accounted for 734,675$
Cost Reconciliation
All costs
accounted for
Step 3: Calculate the costs in ending working in process
inventory and the sum of the cost accounted for.

82. 4-82
End of Chapter 4