Increased planting densities of cassava and maize, and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer increased the productivity of cassava-maize intercrops in southern Nigeria. Both maize cob yield and cassava root yield followed the same trend of being higher at high planting densities and with fertilizer application. A maize fertilizer regime targeting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium performed better than a cassava-targeting regime for maize yields, while the cassava regime performed better under very low soil fertility conditions. The height of maize from previous crops can be used as a proxy for soil fertility and predicting the response of maize to fertilizer - responses were higher when maize height was