Ch. 21 Absolute Monarchs Lesson 1 (Burdon Unit 3)

1. Absolute Monarchs in
Europe
Spanish Empire and Philip II

2. Essential Question and Learning Goals
 Essential Question: How is society affected by
those in power?
 Learning Goals:
1. Describe Philip II’s role in the Spanish Empire
2. Identify influential artists of Spain’s “Golden
Age”
3. Identify and describe the weakening of the
Spanish Empire

3. Philip II
 Quick Facts:
 Deeply religious
 Powerful Portuguese empire
 Africa
 India
 East Indies
 Great wealth (mines)
 Gold
 Silver
 Claimed 1/5th of every shipload of gold/silver
 Escorial Palace

5. Philip II and Religion
 Build and sustain military
 50,000 soldiers
 Defended Catholicism
 Muslims (Ottoman Empire)
 Protestants (Europe)
 Spanish Armada:
 Failed attack against England (Protestants)
 130 Spanish ships
 19,000 soldiers

6. Spanish Armada– Secondary Source
Analysis Activity
 Pass out copy of document to students
 The Glorious Spanish Empire (L. Ortiz Munoz)
 Source: http://spartacus-educational.com/TUDarmada.htm
 Number of students in 3’s
 Group 1: Responsible for reading selection in Bold
 Group 2: Responsible for reading selection in Italics
 Group 3: Responsible for reading selection that is Underlined
 Each student is responsible for answering the following questions:
 Concise summary of selection
 One question that you have about the selection
 The tone of the selection

7. Golden Age (Art)
 El Greco
“The Greek”
Expressed emotion
Distorted human figure
Catholic faith
Saints
Martyrs

8. Golden Age (Art)
 Diego Velazquez
Scenes of the Royal family
Employed by Philip IV (Spain)
Pride of monarchy:
Royal family
Court life

9. Primary Source Analysis Activity
 On the next slide, you will see two paintings
1. Describe characteristics of each painting
2. What stands out to you about each painting?
3. What questions do you have about each
painting?
4. Which Golden Age artist do you think created
each painting?

10. http://www.artchive.com/artchive/e/el_greco/el_greco_pieta.jpg
http://heindorffhus.motivsamler.dk/arthistory/velazquez-LasMeninas-ptg-small.jpg

11. Downfall of Spanish Empire
 Economic Issues
More money  Price of goods increase
Inflation (2 problems):
1. Population growing  Increased demand
 Prices increase
2. More silver  Decreased value

12. Downfall of Spanish Empire
 Economic Issues (cont.)
 Taxation
Nobles (upper-class) didn’t pay taxes
Lower classes taxed:
Can’t increase social standing
Prohibits middle class from emerging

13. Downfall of Spanish Empire
 Funding Enemies
 Bought goods from:
England
Netherlands
France
 Paying for wars, loans from:
Germany
Italy
 Forced to declare bankruptcy (x3)

14. Downfall of Spanish Empire
 Dutch (Netherlands) Revolt
 Spain’s slowing economy vs. Netherlands prosperous
economy
 Raise taxes
 Religious differences (Catholics vs. Protestants)
 Fight Spain for 11 years, result:
Northern provinces  Declare independence
Southern provinces  Still under Spanish control
Dutch East India Company (trading company)

15. Summarizer
 Video Clip: “The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway
Inflation”
 Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos
 3, 2, 1 Exercise:
 3 things that you learned from the video
 2 things that you would like to learn/know more about
 1 question that you have after watching the video