Mr. B Lecture 5 (Unit 1 Renaissance/Reformation)

1. The Reformation
RELIGIOUS REBELLION

2. Opening Activity (3-5 Minutes)
- Why did people begin to challenge the
Church? (This would have been unheard of
in the Middle Ages!)
- Answer in 3-5 sentences

3. Essential Question and Learning Goals
Essential Question: What social implications did
secularization have on society?
Learning Goals:
1. Describe the opening stages of the Reformation
2. Name and describe the major literary work of Martin
Luther
3. Explain how secularization influenced Martin Luther

4. The Reformation
Quick Facts
- Secularization and importance of individual challenged the power
of the Church
- Printing press spread secular ideas across Europe (Gutenberg)
- Merchants sick of paying church taxes to Rome
- Church corruption  Lead to reform (changes)
- Clergy was poorly educated (some could barely read)

5. Martin Luther
- 1483-1546
- Monk
- Teacher
◦Taught scripture (University of Wittenberg [Germany])
- Faith alone was the key to salvation (BIG IDEA)
- Famous work: The 95 Theses

6. Luther’s 95 Theses
- Attack against the “pardon-merchants”
- Outraged against Indulgences
◦ “A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin”
◦ Buy your way into heaven
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZTKKjxvBhE
- Posted the 95 Theses on the door of Wittenberg church
- Sparked the Reformation
◦ “A movement of religious reform”

7. Luther’s 95 Theses Selection--- Primary
Source Analysis Activity (10 Minutes)
1. PASS OUT STUDENT COPY OF DOCUMENT
2. Directions can be found at the bottom of the second page of the document
◦ Choose three quotations from the document that discuss indulgences
◦ Explain how each of the three quotes spoke out against indulgences (using
YOUR OWN words)
◦ 1.
◦ 2.
◦ 3.

8. Formative Assessment (3-5 minutes)
- Martin Luther had the idea that “faith alone
was the key to salvation.”
- How did this view challenge the Church?
- What were his views in regards to
indulgences?

9. Luther’s 3 Main Ideas
1. “People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of
forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and good works
were needed for salvation.”
2. “All Church teachings should be clearly based on the word
of the Bible. Both the pope and Church traditions were false
authorities.”
3. “All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did
not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.”

10. Repercussions of Luther’s Actions
- Excommunicated by Pope Leo X (1520)
- Summoned to stand trial in Worms by Holy Roman Emperor Charles
V
◦ Edict of Worms  Luther was considered an “outlaw and heretic”
◦ Goes into hiding for a year  Translates New Testament into
German
- Returns to Wittenberg (1522)  Starts the Lutherans
◦ “A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of
Martin Luther”

11. Repercussions of Luther’s Actions (cont.)
- The Peasants’ Revolt
◦Revolutionary religious reforms applied to society
◦German peasants wanted to end serfdom
◦Pillaged, burned, and raided monasteries
◦Princes crushed rebellion
◦Killed nearly 100,000 people
◦Luther became horrified  Lost support of German
peasants

12. “Against the rioting peasants” Selection (Luther)--
- Primary Source Analysis Activity (10 Minutes)
1. PASS OUT STUDENT COPY OF DOCUMENT
“In my earlier book on this matter,1 I did not venture to judge the peasants, since they had offered to be corrected and to be instructed;2 and Christ in Matthew
7 [:1] commands us not to judge. But before I could even inspect the situation,3 they forgot their promise and violently took matters into their own hands and
are robbing and raging like mad dogs. All this now makes it clear that they were trying to deceive us and that the assertions they made in their Twelve Articles4
were nothing but lies presented under the name of the gospel. To put it briefly, they are doing the devil’s work. This is particularly the work of that archdevil
who rules at Mühlhausen,5 and does nothing except stir up robbery, murder, and bloodshed; as Christ describes him in John 8 [:44], “He was a murderer from
the beginning.” Since these peasants and wretched people have now let themselves be misled and are acting differently than they promised, I, too, must write
differently of them than I have written, and begin by setting their sin before them, as God commands Isaiah [58:1] and Ezekiel [2:7], on the chance that some of
them may see themselves for what they are. Then I must instruct the rulers how they are to conduct themselves in these circumstances.”
1. Highlight three quotations and/or sentences that describe why Luther felt the actions of the Peasants
were unjust
2. Write a brief description of each of the three quotes using YOUR OWN WORDS
1.
2.
3.

13. Summative Assessment (5-7 Minutes)
- Write down Luther’s “3 Main
Ideas,” as covered in lecture, using
YOUR OWN words