Ch. 20 Atlantic World Lesson 3 (Burdon Unit 2)

1. The Atlantic World
COLUMBUS AND OTHER EXPLORERS (PART 2)

2. Opening Activity (3-5 Minutes)
Describe the impact of Christopher
Columbus on the Age of Exploration.
(3-5 sentences)
Be prepared to share your answers in
small/large group discussion

3. Essential Question and Learning
Goals
 Essential Question: How has the Age of
Exploration influenced our modern era?
 Learning Goals:
1. Identify and describe major
“Conquistadors”
2. Explain the role of Cortes in Mexico
3. Explain the role of Pizarro in Peru

4. Spain explores Mexico
 Conquistadors
“Conquerors” (Spanish explorers)
 Hernando Cortes
Spain’s desire of American mainland
Hopes/rumors of great fortune
Gold and silver
Spanish become 1st European settlers in the
Americas

5. Spain explores Mexico (cont.)
Cortes vs. Aztecs
Cortes had about 600 men
Reaches capital (Tenochtitlan)
Emperor mistakes him for a god
Offered ration of gold  NOT
SATISFIED

6. Hernán Cortés to Emperor Carlos V., 1522.
(Letter)—Primary Source Analysis Activity (15-
20 Minutes)
 Hernan Cortes letter to Emperor Carlos V– One of only two letters written to
the Emperor by Cortes
 Source: Cortés, Hernán. Hernán Cortés to Emperor Carlos V., 1522. In Hernán
Cortés: Letters from Mexico. Translated and edited by Anthony Pagden, 72-
74. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986.
 This is the second of those letters
 PASS OUT COPY OF DOCUMENT TO STUDENTS
 Questions:
 1. What was Cortes’ interpretation of the natives? (2-4 sentences)
 2. What was Cortes’ interpretation of the translator? (2-4 sentences)
 3. What action did Cortes and his men take against Montezuma’s men?
(3-5 sentences)

7. Spain explorers Mexico (cont.)
 Cortes vs. Aztecs (cont.)
 Cortes and company kill Aztecs during celebration
 Creates rebellion
 Although outnumbered, Cortes conquers Aztecs one
year later
 Three prong victory:
1. Superior weapons (Muskets/Cannons)
2. Help of native groups
3. Disease (Measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus, etc.)

8. Spanish in Peru
 Francisco Pizarro
Pizarro vs. Inca
Pizarro + Army of 200 men
Atahualpa (Incan Ruler) + 30,000 men
force
Meet near Cajamarca (South America)

9. Spanish in Peru (cont.)
 Francisco Pizarro (cont.)
Ambush Incan forces, kidnap Atahualpa
Offer gold and silver for his release
Pizarro accepts offer, then kills Atahualpa
Captures Incan capital (Cuzco) in 1533
Amount of stolen gold  SPAIN BECOMES
MAJOR WORLD PLAYER

10. Formative Assessment (5 Minutes)
Who had the more impressive
conquest, Cortes vs. Aztecs or Pizarro
vs. Inca? (4-5 sentences)
Justify your answer using evidence
from your notes, textbook, or
primary source

11. Continued Conquest
 Spain creates an empire in America
 Conquered lands in:
Mexico
Guatemala
Central America
South America
Caribbean

12. Relations with Natives
 Spanish settlers  Men
 Relationships with native women common
 Mestizo population
“Mixed SPANISH + Native American population”
 Encomienda
 “Forced labor of Native Americans by the Spanish”
 Farming, ranching, mining
 Abusive treatment
 Harsh labor conditions

13. Results of Spain’s Expansion
 16th Century
 Wealthiest nation
 Builds POWERFUL navy
 Army becomes stronger
 Late 16th-Early 17th Century
 Explore lands of the United States:
 Leon  Florida
 Coronado  Southwest US (AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS)
 Send priests to explore, convert
 Spread Christianity in the Americas

14. Portuguese and Brazil
 Brazil controlled by Portugal, NOT SPAIN
 Claimed by Cabral (1500)
Lack of silver/gold
Grow sugar
GIANT PLANTATIONS
Most settlement on coastal region

15. Summative Assessment (5 Minutes)
Thinking ahead…What do you think
that the Portuguese would do to
keep up with the growing demand of
sugar (ex: labor, technology, etc.)?
(3-5 sentences)