The document describes several ethnic groups found in the Sulu Archipelago region of the southern Philippines. It discusses the Kalibugan people who intermarried with Muslims and adopted aspects of Islamic and Subanon culture. It also describes the Tausug people as the historically dominant political group who established the Sultanate of Sulu, as well as the Bajau sea nomads, the Yakan people descended from Borneo migrants, and several other smaller ethnic groups including the Tiruray, Manobo, and Maranao. It concludes by listing several languages spoken in the region like Chavacano, Cebuano, Zamboangueño, and Sama, as well as providing brief

4. • KALIBUGAN
• from the Subanon community who submitted
themselves to the practice of intermarriages
and change of faith (Islam)
• Sama-Tausug slang which literally means "half
breed”
• remain Subanon in speech and in their culture
• lack a distinctive political organization
• live their lives as subsistence farmers
cultivating upland rice, roots, and tree crops

5. • TAUSUG (“people of the current”)
• most politically dominant group in the Sulu
Archipelago; formed the Sultanate of Sulu in the 15th
century
• experienced sailors and are known for their colorful
boats or “vintas;” superb warriors and craftsmen
• amalgam of different cultures and foreign influence
that dates back to as early as the 13th century, when
Sulu was trading with China, India, the East Indies,
Arabia, and Japan.
• Fishing is one occupation many Tausugs are engaged in
• plant upland rice inter-cropped with cassava, coconut,
abaca, and coffee

6. • BAJAU (“sea gypsies”)
• nomadic, seafaring people, living off the sea by
trading and subsistence fishing
• erect houses on stilts, and travel using “lepa-lepa,”
handmade boats in which many lived
• Claims to religious piety and learning are an
important source of individual prestige
• Originally expert horsemen & known for weaving
and needlework skills
• ***often intentionally rupture their eardrums at an
early age in order to facilitate diving and hunting at
sea
• The SAMALS originated from this group

7. • YAKAN
• descended from migrating Dayak from Northeast
Borneo and Sama from Johore
• have Malay features, known as fierce warriors
and are primarily farmers
• boast of their intricately designed hand-woven
cloth no other tribe can imitate
• “Folk Islam" -- a combination of Islamic principles
and traditional beliefs
• prominent person of each community is the
Imam who combines birth religion and socio-
political leadership
• culturally influenced in some respect by the
Tausugs

8. • OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS
1. TIRURAY – with clear proto-Malayan features; classified into 3 groups
based on subsistence orientation (riverine, coastal, mountain); artistic skill in
basket weaving; animistic beliefs; traditionally use dry cultivation; retained
religion in spite of proximity to Maguindanao
2. MANOBO – traced to Malay people; primitive farming methods;
patriarchal way of life; polygamy; animistic beliefs
3. MARANAO – “people of the lake;” centered on Lake Lanao; largest Moro &
cultural minority in the country; known for Sarimanok, exotic dances and
artistry; Muslim; existence of feudal standings
4. MAGUINDANAON – “people of the plains;” kulintang music; Muslim;
carving and textiles

9. • CHAVACANO: Spanish-based creole
language (derived from the Spanish word
"chabacano", meaning "poor taste,"
"vulgar," "common," "of low quality”)
• CEBUANO (Bisaya)
• ZAMBOANGUEÑO
• MAGUINDANAON
• SAMA
• SUBANON (Tuboy-Salog;
Kanluranin/Siocon; Lapuyan

16. HON. MA. ISABELLE G. CLIMACO
City Mayor
HON. CESAR S. ITURRALDE
City Vice-Mayor

19. (Royal Fort of Our Lady of the Pillar of Zaragoza)

27. • RIZAL SHRINE, Dapitan
- The original estate purchased by Dr. Rizal during his exile from 1892 to
1896. Contains a number of historic structures and a collection of Rizal
memorabilia. (C)

28. ZAMBOANGADEL NORTE
ST. JAMES CHURCH AND CATHOLIC
RECTORY, Dapitan City
- The old Spanish masonary and
architecture are still recognizable.

29. DIPOLOG CITY
Magsaysay Park
A landscaped park providing
an oasis of greenery right in
the center of Dipolog City. It is
a converging point for
many people from all walks of
life for simple strolling and
relaxing. The hectare sized lot
just beside the City Hall and
fronting the Holy Rosary
Cathedral is an ideal place for
small outdoor meetings in a
nature setting.

30. Located at Barangay
Dicayas in Dipolog
City,
Japanese Memorial
Park is one of the
major components
of the highly
successful tourism industry not only in the city, but also in the
entire province of Zamboanga del Norte. In terms of
significance, the place is very much valuableto the people of the
area because it serves as a constant reminder of the rich history
and colorful past of the area.

31. HOLY ROSARYCATHEDRAL,
Dipolog City
- Erected in 1895, the altar was
designed by Dr. Jose Rizal.

32. 3003 STEPS TO LINABO PEAK, Dipolog City
- Fourteen Stations of the Cross punctuate the route
to the summit.

34. Sungkilaw falls is an awesome
falls that lies beneath the
mountains
of Diwan, Dipolog City.
It boasts a spring on the east part
that flows to a very rapid fall down
to a river.

35. Sicayab Cliff is among Dipolog’s natural wonders, like Linabo
Peak and Sungkilaw Falls, flocked by visitors and tourists for
the undisturbed work Mother nature has been doing on them
for thousands of years.

47. Mt. Susong Dalaga

61. Cabunbata Falls

62. Menzi agricultural plantation

64. Balas Beach

65. Sumagdang Beach

66. Tabiawan & Busay Waterfalls