title: up and down regulation of Cholecystokinin , decription: these slides explain role of CCK in mammals and the disorders caused by up and down regulation of cck level.
Our bodies were meant to burn ketones. We have a parallel system within us designed to use
There was a time, however, that human beings moved in and out of a state of ketosis with the flux of scarcity and abundance. Prüvit’s KETO//OS (Ketone Operating System) is a revolutionary drink mix that is based on a proprietary ketone energy technology that delivers advanced macro nutritionals and promotes optimized cellular regeneration, energy and longevity. Ketones are a high energy product of fat oxidation that deliver a more efficient and higher energy yield than glucose which makes them the ideal fuel for powering the human body. Ketones are traditionally only produced during times of prolonged fasting and therefore have been limited in their availability as an alternative energy source.
The ketogenic (keto) diet is becoming more and more popular, so it’s not surprising that this is one of our most requested topics! You might be getting questions from your clients, patients, and friends as to how safe this diet, or lifestyle is. If you are interested in learning more about the ketogenic diet, including the indications of a ketogenic diet, then RSVP for this webinar and join us to discover the facts. In this 60-minute webinar we will define the ketogenic diet, discuss its role in the treatment of chronic disease and review strategies for streamlining sessions with patients interested in this diet.
Learning Objectives:
Define the ketogenic diet using language and protocols outlined in the standard of care for epilepsy.
Discuss the science behind the ketogenic diet’s role in the treatment of chronic disease (i.e. obesity and type II diabetes) as well as athletic performance.
Explore strategies to streamline sessions with patients interested in ketogenic diet.
PRESENTER
Jessica M Lowe, MPH RD CSP | Ketogenic Dietitian
Department of Neurology | Keck School of Medicine | University of Southern California
Division Child Neurology | LAC+USC Medical Center
The ketogenic diet, often referred to as keto, is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that has been shown to help some people lose weight. The ketogenic diet has been studied for its potential benefits in weight loss, managing diabetes, and even some neurological disorders like epilepsy. However, it's essential to note that the ketogenic diet may not be suitable for everyone. Before starting any drastic diet change like keto, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.
The effects of nutritional ketosis induced by Bigu-herbs regimen and ketogeni...LucyPi1
Abstract The Bigu-herbs regimen, a Taoism (Taoism is an ancient Chinese Taoist philosophy system) special health-preserving technique to achieve longevity through strict abstinence from food, limits the intake of grains and uses herbs to replace normal diet to gain energy. Practicing Bigu-herbs regimen for several weeks to several years can make one lose weight, prevent diseases, and prolong life. The modern ketogenic diet (KD) mainly limits carbohydrate intake and increase fat intake. The low-carbohydrate, high-fat, and adequate protein diet is well known for its antiepileptic and neurotrophic effects. Limiting the intake of carbohydrate results in energy metabolism reprogramming to mobilize the steatolysis, energize and promote ketone bodies (KBs) production, achieving a state of nutritional ketosis (NK). The researchers summarized how ketone bodies or NK affects diseases and the aging process, as well as the side effects of KD. NK has a favorable effect on caloric intake, lipid parameters, glycemic index, and insulin sensitivity; moreover, it can be used as a treatment option for diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. NK is recognized as being neuroprotective and is good for epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and emotional disturbance. Targeting the metabolic differences between tumor and normal cells, NK limits the use of glucose and impairs energy metabolism in cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and rendering them susceptible to clinical treatments. NK also affects inflammation and the release of cytokines, regulate gut flora, extend longevity and health span, and preserve physiologic functions. The side effects of KDs are controllable under the guidance of a specially trained dietitian and medical team.
Our bodies were meant to burn ketones. We have a parallel system within us designed to use
There was a time, however, that human beings moved in and out of a state of ketosis with the flux of scarcity and abundance. Prüvit’s KETO//OS (Ketone Operating System) is a revolutionary drink mix that is based on a proprietary ketone energy technology that delivers advanced macro nutritionals and promotes optimized cellular regeneration, energy and longevity. Ketones are a high energy product of fat oxidation that deliver a more efficient and higher energy yield than glucose which makes them the ideal fuel for powering the human body. Ketones are traditionally only produced during times of prolonged fasting and therefore have been limited in their availability as an alternative energy source.
The ketogenic (keto) diet is becoming more and more popular, so it’s not surprising that this is one of our most requested topics! You might be getting questions from your clients, patients, and friends as to how safe this diet, or lifestyle is. If you are interested in learning more about the ketogenic diet, including the indications of a ketogenic diet, then RSVP for this webinar and join us to discover the facts. In this 60-minute webinar we will define the ketogenic diet, discuss its role in the treatment of chronic disease and review strategies for streamlining sessions with patients interested in this diet.
Learning Objectives:
Define the ketogenic diet using language and protocols outlined in the standard of care for epilepsy.
Discuss the science behind the ketogenic diet’s role in the treatment of chronic disease (i.e. obesity and type II diabetes) as well as athletic performance.
Explore strategies to streamline sessions with patients interested in ketogenic diet.
PRESENTER
Jessica M Lowe, MPH RD CSP | Ketogenic Dietitian
Department of Neurology | Keck School of Medicine | University of Southern California
Division Child Neurology | LAC+USC Medical Center
The ketogenic diet, often referred to as keto, is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that has been shown to help some people lose weight. The ketogenic diet has been studied for its potential benefits in weight loss, managing diabetes, and even some neurological disorders like epilepsy. However, it's essential to note that the ketogenic diet may not be suitable for everyone. Before starting any drastic diet change like keto, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.
The effects of nutritional ketosis induced by Bigu-herbs regimen and ketogeni...LucyPi1
Abstract The Bigu-herbs regimen, a Taoism (Taoism is an ancient Chinese Taoist philosophy system) special health-preserving technique to achieve longevity through strict abstinence from food, limits the intake of grains and uses herbs to replace normal diet to gain energy. Practicing Bigu-herbs regimen for several weeks to several years can make one lose weight, prevent diseases, and prolong life. The modern ketogenic diet (KD) mainly limits carbohydrate intake and increase fat intake. The low-carbohydrate, high-fat, and adequate protein diet is well known for its antiepileptic and neurotrophic effects. Limiting the intake of carbohydrate results in energy metabolism reprogramming to mobilize the steatolysis, energize and promote ketone bodies (KBs) production, achieving a state of nutritional ketosis (NK). The researchers summarized how ketone bodies or NK affects diseases and the aging process, as well as the side effects of KD. NK has a favorable effect on caloric intake, lipid parameters, glycemic index, and insulin sensitivity; moreover, it can be used as a treatment option for diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. NK is recognized as being neuroprotective and is good for epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and emotional disturbance. Targeting the metabolic differences between tumor and normal cells, NK limits the use of glucose and impairs energy metabolism in cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and rendering them susceptible to clinical treatments. NK also affects inflammation and the release of cytokines, regulate gut flora, extend longevity and health span, and preserve physiologic functions. The side effects of KDs are controllable under the guidance of a specially trained dietitian and medical team.
Food For Thought - Optimal Eating for IT-professionalsOlli Sovijärvi
Slides from my presentation to Wunder IT company on how to optimize brain function, blood sugar regulation and energy levels with food and supplements.
Keto Diet Vs Intermittent Fasting.pptxRahulKotwal6
Intermittent fasting is more flexible than keto when it comes to the types of food you can eat. This increases the pool of available vitamins and minerals obtainable from the diet.
Intermittent fasting can be modified for those who require or desire shorter fasts and is not mandatory to fast every day. Keto is all or nothing: you’re either in ketosis or not and keto requires strict daily adherence.
Intake of Black Vinegar on Anthropometric Measures, Cardiometabolic Profiles,...mahendrareddychirra
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are the most important chronic diseases around the world. They are associated with huge medical expenditure and with increasing morbidity and mortality among related cardio-metabolic diseases in developing and developed countries [1,2].
Vinegar was first reported to have anti-glycemic effects since 1988 in animal and human studies [3]. Vinegar may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity and delayed gastric emptying that accompanied improved glycemic control and reduced body weight [4,5].
DISCUS FISH Introduction Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
Discus fish (Kings of the Aquarium) are dazzling freshwater fish prized for their vibrant colors and round, flattened bodies. Native to the Amazon basin, these calm creatures are popular aquarium additions, but require specific care due to their sensitivity to water conditions .
R
Shark introduction Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the Batoidea (rays and kin). Some sources extend the term "shark" as an informal category including extinct members of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) with a shark-like morphology, such as hybodonts. They generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and freshwater.Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics. They have numerous sets of replaceable teeth.
More Related Content
Similar to Abnormalities Of cholecystokinin hormones
Food For Thought - Optimal Eating for IT-professionalsOlli Sovijärvi
Slides from my presentation to Wunder IT company on how to optimize brain function, blood sugar regulation and energy levels with food and supplements.
Keto Diet Vs Intermittent Fasting.pptxRahulKotwal6
Intermittent fasting is more flexible than keto when it comes to the types of food you can eat. This increases the pool of available vitamins and minerals obtainable from the diet.
Intermittent fasting can be modified for those who require or desire shorter fasts and is not mandatory to fast every day. Keto is all or nothing: you’re either in ketosis or not and keto requires strict daily adherence.
Intake of Black Vinegar on Anthropometric Measures, Cardiometabolic Profiles,...mahendrareddychirra
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are the most important chronic diseases around the world. They are associated with huge medical expenditure and with increasing morbidity and mortality among related cardio-metabolic diseases in developing and developed countries [1,2].
Vinegar was first reported to have anti-glycemic effects since 1988 in animal and human studies [3]. Vinegar may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity and delayed gastric emptying that accompanied improved glycemic control and reduced body weight [4,5].
DISCUS FISH Introduction Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
Discus fish (Kings of the Aquarium) are dazzling freshwater fish prized for their vibrant colors and round, flattened bodies. Native to the Amazon basin, these calm creatures are popular aquarium additions, but require specific care due to their sensitivity to water conditions .
R
Shark introduction Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the Batoidea (rays and kin). Some sources extend the term "shark" as an informal category including extinct members of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) with a shark-like morphology, such as hybodonts. They generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and freshwater.Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics. They have numerous sets of replaceable teeth.
Puffer fish introduction, Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
Pufferfish can inflate into a ball shape to evade predators. Also known as blowfish, these clumsy swimmers fill their elastic stomachs with huge amounts of water (and sometimes air) and blow themselves up to several times their normal size.
Most puffers are found in tropical and subtropical ocean waters, but some species live in brackish and even fresh water. Some species of pufferfish are considered vulnerable due to pollution, habitat loss, and overfishing, but most populations are considered stable.
Common carp introduction & Morphology and its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
The Eurasian carp or European carp (Cyprinus carpio), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. The native wild populations are considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),but the species has also been domesticated and introduced (see aquaculture) into environments worldwide, and is often considered a destructive invasive species, being included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive species. It gives its name to the carp family, Cyprinidae.
Goldfish Introduction , Morphology & its behaviour characteristicsArubSultan
The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America.
Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration, and coloration (various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are known).
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. Native to India and South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (and thus often called a "tropical fish" although both tropical and subtropical).
Cirrhinus mrigala commonly called as Mrigal, is a specie of freshwater fish found in rivers, lakes, ponds and South Asia including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. It is an important food fish. The fish has streamlined body with a silver grey coloration and a deeply forked tail.
Types of pheromone in the mammals and Their functionsArubSultan
Mammalian pheromones, including those of humans, occur in four varieties, primer, releaser, signaler, and modulator, which, respectively, affect endocrine responses, elicit behavior, provide information, and influence emotion.Pheromones assist in reproduction, feeding, social interactions and maternal-neonatal bonding in mammals. By definition and according to evolutionary theory, pheromones work within a species. Some chemicals operate between species
Role of oxytocin and vasopressin neuropsychiatric condition psy conditionsArubSultan
Oxytocin and vasopressin are two important neuropeptides synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland. They play crucial roles in a variety of physiological and behavioral processes, and their dysregulation can contribute to various neurophyhric conditions.
Disorder of adrenal gland & their causesArubSultan
Disorders of the adrenal cortex can lead to various health issues. Conditions such as Addison's disease result from adrenal insufficiency, causing fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. On the other hand, Cushing's syndrome, caused by excess cortisol, can lead to weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Treatment options depend on the specific disorder and may involve hormone replacement or surgery. Regular medical monitoring is crucial for managing these conditions effectively.
Dopamine effect on different hormones. PdfArubSultan
In summary, grasping the impact of dopamine on other hormones is paramount for
maintaining overall health. Dopamine’s multifaceted role extends beyond its well-known
function as a neurotransmitter, influencing a range of hormonal systems. It regulates
prolactin, growth hormone, and plays a part in the stress response, thyroid hormone
regulation, and sex hormone balance. Disorders arising from dopamine imbalances, such as
hyperprolactinemia and hypercortisolism, underscore its clinical importance. Additionally,
the use of medications targeting dopamine receptors, like antipsychotics and dopamine
agonists, provides effective treatment options for various conditions. Balanced dopamine
activity is essential to ensure hormonal equilibrium, emphasizing the intricate harmony
between neural and endocrine systems in maintaining holistic well-being. Understanding
these interactions enhances the capacity to diagnose, manage, and treat hormonal imbalances,
ultimately contributing to improved healthcare and informed patient choices.
Effects of hormones on our immune systemArubSultan
Hormone has great impact on our immune system.If your hormones are not actively working it means that your immune system will surely disturb.Not only can imbalances in your hormones like as Thymus ,Estrogen , Progesterone, Cortisol, Steroids and Oxytocin etc contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases, but autoimmune diseases in and of themselves can cause hormone insufficiency and imbalance. Autoimmune disease occurs when your immune system starts to attack and damage your own tissue and organs.
Calcitriol hormone and its up and down regulationArubSultan
Description: these slides explain the calcitriol hormone production and regulation. The effects of calcitriol on body and the related disorders. and also explain the up and down regulation of calcitriol hormone.
Progesterone Abnormalities up and down regulationArubSultan
Progesterone abnormalities refer to irregularities in the levels of the hormone progesterone, a crucial player in the female reproductive system. These imbalances can disrupt the menstrual cycle, leading to issues such as irregular periods, heavy bleeding, or amenorrhea. Inadequate progesterone levels may impact fertility, causing difficulty in conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy. Conversely, excess progesterone can result in symptoms like fatigue, mood swings, and breast tenderness. Progesterone abnormalities is essential for maintaining reproductive health and hormonal balance in both men and women. In men, imbalances in progesterone levels may impact libido, mood, and energy levels. Treatment for progesterone abnormalities typically involves hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to restore balance. In cases of low progesterone, supplemental progesterone medications, such as oral capsules or creams, may be prescribed. Lifestyle modifications, such as stress management and a healthy diet, can also positively impact progesterone levels.
Growth hormone abnormalities upregulation and downregulation of growth hormoneArubSultan
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), also known as dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism, is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body. Children with GHD have abnormally short stature with normal body proportions. GHD can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later (acquired).
DISTURBANCES IN SECRETIN HORMONE SecretinArubSultan
Secretin is a hormone produced by the small intestine that plays a key role in digestion. Disturbances in secretin levels can impact digestive processes. For instance, overproduction of secretin may lead to excessive bicarbonate secretion, causing alkaline diarrhea. On the other hand, deficiencies in secretin can result in impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients. Monitoring secretin levels is crucial for understanding and managing digestive disorders.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
3. Cholecystokinin
Hormone
• Introduction
• Function
• Upregulation of CCK
• Downregulation of CCK
• Treatment
• New research related to CCK
• How the hypothalamus link
with CCK
• Ratio of CCK in Pakistan &
WHO Organization
• Conclusion
4. Introduction:
• Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone that plays a role in
digestion, appetite, and pain perception.
• It is produced in the small intestine and released into the bloodstream
when food is eaten.
• CCK stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile from the
gallbladder, which help to break down food.
• It also signals the brain that the stomach is full, which helps to reduce
appetite. (American Psychological Association., 2020)
5. • Function:
• CCK hormones have a number
of important functions in the
body, including:
1. Stimulation of digestion.
2. Stimulates pancreatic enzyme
secretion.
3. Suppresses gastric emptying.
4. Regulation of appetite.
5. Pain perception.
(American Psychological Association., 2020)
Fig 1.1: Function of CCK in Different Organ
https;//images.app.goo.gl/nPM311KjeFmZKiM9A
9. Fig 1.2: Effect of CCK in Other Organs
https://image.app.goo.gl/wQQRQfs3cLpJY6Cf8
10. Treatment of CCK:
• Antidiarrheal and Antiemetic’s
• Replacement therapy.
• Lifestyle changes:
a. Eating a balanced diet
b. Maintaining a healthy weight
c. Avoiding fatty and processed
foods
d. Eating small, frequent meals
e. Avoiding caffeine and alcohol
f. Managing stress
(American Psychological Association., 2020)
11. New Research for the Treatment of CCK:
Here are some additional things that researchers are doing to develop treatments
that target cholecystokinin:
• Developing drugs that mimic the effects of CCK to suppress hunger and
promote weight loss.
• Developing drugs that block the effects of CCK to treat conditions such as
diarrhea and nausea.
• Developing drugs that target specific receptors for CCK in the brain to treat
anxiety and other mental health disorders.
. A study published in the journal Cancer Research found that CCK has anti-
cancer effects in a number of laboratory studies. The researchers found that CCK
inhibits the growth of cancer cells and promotes the death of cancer cells.
(Magliano et al., 2022)
12. How the Hypothalamus Linked with CCK?
• The two main nuclei in the hypothalamus that are involved in appetite
regulation are the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the arcuate nucleus
(ARC).
• The PVN contains neurons that release hormones that suppress appetite,
while the ARC contains neurons that release hormones that stimulate
appetite.
• CCK binds to receptors on both the PVN and the ARC. In the PVN, CCK
activates neurons that release alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-
MSH) and oxytocin.
• CCK plays an important role in the regulation of appetite and satiety by
binding to receptors in the hypothalamus and interacting with other
hormones that regulate appetite. (Chey, W. D., & Liddle, R. A., 2019)
13. Ratio of CCK in Pakistan and WHO Organization:
1. There is no specific data available on the ratio of cholecystokinin
(CCK) abnormalities in Pakistan in 2022.
2. However, it is estimated that up to 25% of the Pakistani
population may suffer from some form of gastrointestinal disorder,
many of which are associated with CCK abnormalities.
3. The World Health Organization (WHO) does not track the ratio of
CCK abnormalities in its Global Health Observatory (GHO) data
repository.
4. This is because CCK abnormalities are not a specific disease
entity, but rather a symptom of variety of underlying medical
conditions. (https://www.who.int website)
14. Conclusion:
1. Abnormalities of CCK hormones can lead to a number of health
problems.
2.New research is emerging all the time on the role of CCK hormones in
health and disease.
3.Scientists are working to develop new treatments for diseases and
conditions that are linked to CCK dysregulation.
4.These studies suggest that abnormalities of CCK hormones may play a
role in the development and progression of a variety of diseases and
conditions.
5.Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to develop
new treatments that target abnormalities of CCK hormones.
(Chey, W. D., & Liddle, R. A., 2019)
15. References:
1. American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.). Washington, DC.
2. Camilleri, M., & Mayer, E. A. (2023). Cholecystokinin in irritable bowel syndrome.
Gastroenterology, 166(2), 471-479.
3. Chey, W. D., & Liddle, R. A. (2019). Cholecystokinin. In L. R. Johnson (Ed.), Gastrointestinal
physiology (pp. 2047-2060). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier.
4. Di Magliano, M. P., & Logsdon, C. D. (2022). Cholecystokinin and pancreatic cancer: A
biomarker and a risk factor? Cancer Research, 83(3), 654-661.
5. https://www.who.int website.