This document discusses ablative and thermal insulation materials. It provides information on: 1) Ablative materials which protect vehicles during atmospheric reentry by absorbing, dissipating, and blocking heat. They are needed for ballistic missiles, rocket nozzles, and other high heat applications. 2) Thermal insulation materials which prevent or reduce heat transfer to maintain temperatures. They include organic materials like wool and inorganic materials like glass wool. 3) Intumescent ablators which form a foam-like char when heated, decreasing conductivity and insulating the substrate while cutting off oxygen supply. They are common as fire-retardant coatings.