This document provides an expanded "Rizal A to Z" list that highlights important people, places, and events in Jose Rizal's life. It includes over 50 entries from A to Z, such as A for Ateneo (the school Rizal attended), B for Bonifacio (who read and translated Rizal's works), C for Calamba (Rizal's birthplace), D for Dapitan (where Rizal was exiled), and Z for Zoologist (Rizal's interest in collecting specimens). The entries concisely describe key biographical details, characters from Rizal's novels, locations significant to his life and work, and more.

1. Generations of college students reared on the standard Rizal textbook by
Gregorio Zaide were introduced to the so-called “Rizal A to Z” that depicted
the many facets of this hero’s personality. Students either used Zaide’s list or
created their own based on their readings: A for Agronomist, B for
Businessman, C for Cartographer, M for Magician, all the way to Z for
Zoologist.
Cover of “Noli Me Tangere” drawn by Rizal
A century and a half since Rizal was born, with so much material both old and
new, we can compose many more Rizal A to Zs like the one that follows:
A: ADIOS, AGUINALDO, ATENEO. “Adios patria adorada,” is the first line of
the unsigned, untitled, valedictory poem he wrote on a slip of paper, folded
neatly and hid in an alcohol burner recovered by his sisters after his
execution. The poem was copied out and reproduced, and given the title “Mi
Ultimo Pensamiento” and much later, “Ultimo Adios.”
First Philippine Republic president Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30,
1898 a day of national mourning to remember Filipino heroes, especially
Rizal, whose second death anniversary fell on that day.
Ateneo Municipal was a public secondary school in Intramuros run by the
Jesuits that later developed into the present-day Ateneo de Manila University.

2. B: BLUMENTRITT, BURGOS, BAGUMBAYAN, BONIFACIO. Blumentritt is
more than a street name in downtown Manila. Ferdinand B. was Rizal’s friend
who campaigned for Philippine independence against Spain and the United
States.
Jose Burgos was one of the three priests martyred in 1872, hence Gomburza
for Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora, whose influence was transmitted to Rizal via
his brother Paciano.
Bagumbayan (New Field) was where Gomburza and Rizal were executed. It is
now known as either Luneta or Rizal Park.
Andres Bonifacio read Rizal’s writings and was said to have translated the
“Ultimo Adios” from the original Spanish to Tagalog.
C: CALAMBA, Laguna. The town where Rizal was born between 11:30 to
midnight on June 19, 1861. In the Chinese zodiac, he was a Rooster, and fell
under the astrological sign Gemini.
D: DAPITAN, Zamboanga del Norte. Rizal’s place of exile, 1892-1896.
E: ELIAS. Character in “Noli Me Tangere” often interpreted to be Andres
Bonifacio, although in 1887, Rizal and Bonifacio had not met. Rizal is said to
have regretted killing Elias in the “Noli.”
F: FAURA, FILIBUSTERISMO, FRANCISCO Mercado. Federico Faura was
the founder of the Manila Observatory and inventor of the Faura barometer
that provided warnings on typhoons. He is best remembered for the Ermita
Street that bears his name, Padre Faura.

3. “El Filibusterismo,” the third of Rizal’s three books, was published in Ghent,
Belgium in 1891, the sequel to “Noli Me Tangere.”
Francisco Mercado, the father of Jose Rizal, was an educated farmer from
Biñan, Laguna. He married Teodora Alonso in 1848 and had 11 children, Jose
being the seventh child and one of two sons. Mercado petitioned the court to
change the family surname to Rizal in 1850.
G: GERTRUDE Beckett was the daughter of Rizal’s landlord in London. She
fell for Rizal. In her letters, her pet name was “Gettie” and she called Rizal
“Pettie.”
H: HEIDELBERG, HITLER. Heidelberg is the university town where Rizal took
specialized courses in ophthalmology under Otto Becker. One of his famous
poems, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg,” was composed here.
One of the enduring urban legends of the Philippines is that Rizal sired Nazi
leader Adolf Hitler with one of his women while in Europe.
I: INDOLENCE of the Filipino. One of Rizal’s famous essays in response to
the myth of the lazy native spread by the Spanish colonizers.
J: JOSE, JOSEFA, JOSEFINA. Jose Rizal was the second son, the seventh
of 11 children born to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso. Josefa Rizal
a.k.a Panggoy was Rizal’s younger sister. Josefina was the Spanish form for
Josephine or Josephine Bracken, Rizal’ s common-law-wife in Dapitan.
K: “Sa aking mga KABABATA” was a poem on the beauty of Tagalog, said to
have been written when Rizal was 8. Each August, during Buwan ng Wika, a
line from this poem is recited and goes: “Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling
salita, masahol pa sa hayop at malansang isda (He who does not value his
native tongue is worse than a beast or a rotten fish)” At best, this poem is
attributed to Rizal; at worst it may not have been written by him at all.
L: LAND SURVEYOR, LEONOR, LOTTERY. Not many know that a year after
his graduation from the Ateneo in 1877, Rizal graduated again, this time with
a degree in land surveying. He attained his professional license as a surveyor
in 1881.

4. A drawing of Leonor Rivera by Rizal
Rizal was once described as “Doble Leonor” because while a student in the
Ateneo, he was associated with two women: Leonor Rivera and Leonor
Valenzuela.
The Rizal family was fond of the lottery and Rizal actually hit the second prize
while he was an exile in Dapitan. Unfortunately, Rizal did not buy the entire
ticket, thus the prize was divided between him, the Governor of Dapitan and a
third party whose name is lost to history.
M: MAKAMISA, MORGA. In 1892 Rizal wrote the beginnings of a satirical
novel in Tagalog. The opening chapter was called “Makamisa” (After the
mass). Later he shifted from Tagalog to Spanish and after writing up 245
pages in draft, left this novel unfinished.
Antonio de Morga in 1609 published the “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
(Events of the Philippine islands),” a book that Rizal re-published with long
explanatory footnotes in Paris in 1890.
N: NOLI ME TANGERE, NELLIE BOUSTEAD. “Noli Me Tangere (Touch me
not)” was Rizal’s first book, the first of two novels that first saw print in Berlin
in 1887.
Nellie Boustead (sometimes spelled Nelly) was the woman who caused the
love-sick Antonio Luna to challenge Rizal to a duel.
O: Rizal specialized in OPHTHALMOLOGY after his medical studies in
Madrid, to cure his mother’s failing eyesight. He studied under Louis de
Wecker in Paris and Otto Becker in Heidelberg.
P: PACIANO, PASTELLS. Paciano Mercado was Rizal’s elder brother, who
inspired and guided his life and career. He translated the “Noli” into Tagalog.

5. He fought the Spanish during the Philippine Revolution and became a general
during the Filipino-American War.
Pablo Pastells was the Jesuit superior with whom Rizal corresponded from
Dapitan on religious and philosophical issues.
Q: QUIROGA, QUIOPQUIAP. Quiroga is a character in “El Filibusterismo”
while Quiopquiap was the pseudonym of Pablo Feced, a journalist known for
his anti-Filipino writings.
R: REDNAXELA, RICIAL, RIPPER. Rednaxela is Alexander spelled
backwards and was the name of the street, Rednaxela Terrace, where Rizal
lived in Hong Kong.
Ricial, Risal or later Rizal was a word that denoted a green field ready for
harvest. Mercado and Rizal were two surnames Rizal used interchangeably
during his schooling in the Ateneo and the University of Santo Tomas.
Another urban legend about Rizal has it that the hero could have been the
infamous Jack the Ripper because he was in London at the time the Ripper
murders took place. It has also been suggested that there is a connection
between their initials “J.R.”
S: SANDAKAN, SEGUNDA, SOLIDARIDAD. Rizal proposed to establish a
Filipino colony in Sandakan, North Borneo, but that did not push through.
Segunda Katigbak was Rizal’s first love, as depicted in his student diary.
“La Solidaridad” was the Filipino newspaper in Spain edited by Graciano
Lopez Jaena and later, Marcelo H. del Pilar, where Rizal submitted some of
his most famous essays: “To the Women of Malolos,” “Indolence of the
Filipino” and “The Philippines Within a Century.”
T: TEODORA ALONSO, TETCHO SUEHIRO. Teodora Alonso, Rizal’s
mother, needs no introduction nor explanation.
Tetcho Suehiro was a Japanese journalist whom Rizal met on a ship bound
for the United States. Tetcho later wrote about this meeting in “The Man from
Manila.”

6. U: ULIMAN, UNTER DEN LINDEN, USUI SEIKO. Some people during Rizal’s
lifetime referred to Rizal as “Dr. Uliman” from “el doctor Aleman” (the German
doctor).
Unter den Linden is a famous Berlin boulevard mentioned in Rizal’s writing.
Usui Seiko was a Japanese woman whom Rizal fell in love with. She is
mentioned in his Japan diary.
V: VALENTIN VENTURA, VERTEBRA. Valentin Ventura was a wealthy friend
from Pampanga who lived in Paris and advanced the funds to defray the costs
for the publication of “El Filibusterismo.”
Part of Rizal’s vertebra or backbone is displayed in Fort Santiago. When
Rizal’s remains were buried under the Rizal monument, this chipped piece of
bone was preserved to show where the bullet hit him.
W: WOMEN of Malolos. Rizal wrote a letter to the women of Malolos who,
against friar objections, proposed a night school where they could learn
Spanish instead of the customary and purely religious teachings.
X: XEREZ-BURGOS. Manuel Xerez Burgos, nephew of the ill-fated Fr. Jose
Burgos, interceded for Rizal who was not admitted into the Ateneo Municipal
due to his small stature.
Y: Ysagani, Ybarra, Yndios Bravos. In Spanish orthography the letters “I” and
“Y” are sometimes interchangeable, which explains the spelling of Rizal’s
characters Ybarra/Ibarra and Ysagani/Isagani in “El Fili.”
The same goes for a group of friends that called themselves Los
Yndios/Indios Bravos after the “brave Indians” they saw performing in a Wild
West show in Paris. “Indio” was a negative word used to describe native
Filipinos. Rizal and friends turned it around and made it a badge of courage.
Z: ZOOLOGIST, BEN ZAYB. During his Dapitan exile, Rizal collected
specimens: sea shells, butterflies, flora, fauna, and other artifacts that he sent
to scientists in Europe. Which explains why Rizal’s name appears in the
classification for a winged lizard (dracorizali), a frog or toad (rachophorusrizali)
and a bug or beetle (apogoniarizali).
Ben Zayb is a character in “El Filibusterismo” whose name is said to have
come from Ybanez.