This document provides a comprehensive glossary of over 400 abbreviations and acronyms used in the telecommunications industry. It covers fields like telecom, satellite communications, fiber optics, IT, networking and cellular networks. The glossary includes common abbreviations like 2G, 3G, GSM, LTE, WiFi and many others used in engineering, technical writing and education related to telecommunications.
This document summarizes the evolution of mobile data networks from 2G to 4G. It describes 2G technologies like GSM and the introduction of GPRS to enable packet-switched data. It then covers improvements like EDGE and the transition to 3G networks using UMTS/HSPA. Finally, it discusses the 4G LTE standard and its core network architecture known as SAE. The document provides high-level overviews of the key technologies and components involved in the progression of mobile data networks.
The presentation discusses iDirect's Evolution product line including the iDX 1.0 satellite router, X3 router, and line cards. Key features highlighted are DVB-S2/ACM technology for improved bandwidth efficiency, integration with the X3 satellite router, and software tools for monitoring and adjusting ACM performance. Benefits of iDirect's DVB-S2/ACM implementation include increased throughput and bandwidth savings while easing network configuration.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to 4G LTE networks. It describes the key aspects of LTE including the LTE architecture, air interface technologies like OFDMA and SC-FDMA, and the Evolved Packet Core. The goals of LTE were to provide higher data rates, improve spectrum efficiency, reduce latency and simplify the network architecture. LTE adopted an all-IP flat architecture with reduced network elements in the core to help lower costs and complexity.
Is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in this digital world?Comms Connect
Historically, professional two-way radio has dealt with the problem of congested spectrum/channels by narrowing the channel spacing, i.e. 50 kHz -> 25 kHz -> 12.5 kHz -> 6.25 kHz, but with new technologies emerging and vast advancements in spectral efficiency Paul Daigneault asks if this is really necessary and, more importantly, is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in the digital world?
This presentation considers the narrowband two-way radio technologies at present and weighs up options of the old FDMA analog network versus its newer digital 'successor'.
Paul Daigneault, CEO, MiMOMax Wireless
The document outlines the course content for a training on LTE Network and Radio Planning Design. The course will cover:
1. An introduction and overview of the LTE architecture and its evolution from previous 3GPP standards like GSM, UMTS, and LTE.
2. Details of the LTE radio interface and channels.
3. LTE link budgets and capacity planning principles.
4. CPE testing procedures.
This Workshop is a fast track Course to cover the basic architecture and functionalities of the LTE-EPC from the Packet Core Perspective.
The course is a little bit advanced and the target Audience is requested to have a basic PS Foundations and Mobility Knowledge as a prerequisite.
The course will cover the LTE-EPC Architecture, Call flows, Mobility and session management in addition to introductory slides for the EPS Security and LTE-DNS.
This document provides an overview of UMTS network architecture and components. It describes the key elements of the UMTS Release 99 core network, including the circuit switched and packet switched domains. It also discusses the radio access network (UTRAN) and its components such as the radio network controller (RNC) and Node B. Finally, it summarizes the functions of the mobile switching center (MSC) and media gateway (MGW) in the UMTS network.
This document provides an overview of LTE technology including:
- The evolution of 3G UMTS networks and the motivation for developing LTE standards.
- Key requirements for LTE such as higher data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced latency.
- An overview of LTE release versions and their major features such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, E-UTRAN architecture.
- LTE frequency bands and the expansion of spectrum for 3GPP standards.
- How LTE-Advanced builds upon LTE to meet IMT-Advanced specifications including carrier aggregation and advanced MIMO.
This document summarizes the evolution of mobile data networks from 2G to 4G. It describes 2G technologies like GSM and the introduction of GPRS to enable packet-switched data. It then covers improvements like EDGE and the transition to 3G networks using UMTS/HSPA. Finally, it discusses the 4G LTE standard and its core network architecture known as SAE. The document provides high-level overviews of the key technologies and components involved in the progression of mobile data networks.
The presentation discusses iDirect's Evolution product line including the iDX 1.0 satellite router, X3 router, and line cards. Key features highlighted are DVB-S2/ACM technology for improved bandwidth efficiency, integration with the X3 satellite router, and software tools for monitoring and adjusting ACM performance. Benefits of iDirect's DVB-S2/ACM implementation include increased throughput and bandwidth savings while easing network configuration.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to 4G LTE networks. It describes the key aspects of LTE including the LTE architecture, air interface technologies like OFDMA and SC-FDMA, and the Evolved Packet Core. The goals of LTE were to provide higher data rates, improve spectrum efficiency, reduce latency and simplify the network architecture. LTE adopted an all-IP flat architecture with reduced network elements in the core to help lower costs and complexity.
Is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in this digital world?Comms Connect
Historically, professional two-way radio has dealt with the problem of congested spectrum/channels by narrowing the channel spacing, i.e. 50 kHz -> 25 kHz -> 12.5 kHz -> 6.25 kHz, but with new technologies emerging and vast advancements in spectral efficiency Paul Daigneault asks if this is really necessary and, more importantly, is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in the digital world?
This presentation considers the narrowband two-way radio technologies at present and weighs up options of the old FDMA analog network versus its newer digital 'successor'.
Paul Daigneault, CEO, MiMOMax Wireless
The document outlines the course content for a training on LTE Network and Radio Planning Design. The course will cover:
1. An introduction and overview of the LTE architecture and its evolution from previous 3GPP standards like GSM, UMTS, and LTE.
2. Details of the LTE radio interface and channels.
3. LTE link budgets and capacity planning principles.
4. CPE testing procedures.
This Workshop is a fast track Course to cover the basic architecture and functionalities of the LTE-EPC from the Packet Core Perspective.
The course is a little bit advanced and the target Audience is requested to have a basic PS Foundations and Mobility Knowledge as a prerequisite.
The course will cover the LTE-EPC Architecture, Call flows, Mobility and session management in addition to introductory slides for the EPS Security and LTE-DNS.
This document provides an overview of UMTS network architecture and components. It describes the key elements of the UMTS Release 99 core network, including the circuit switched and packet switched domains. It also discusses the radio access network (UTRAN) and its components such as the radio network controller (RNC) and Node B. Finally, it summarizes the functions of the mobile switching center (MSC) and media gateway (MGW) in the UMTS network.
This document provides an overview of LTE technology including:
- The evolution of 3G UMTS networks and the motivation for developing LTE standards.
- Key requirements for LTE such as higher data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced latency.
- An overview of LTE release versions and their major features such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, E-UTRAN architecture.
- LTE frequency bands and the expansion of spectrum for 3GPP standards.
- How LTE-Advanced builds upon LTE to meet IMT-Advanced specifications including carrier aggregation and advanced MIMO.
This document discusses key aspects of providing Quality of Service (QoS) and priority access for public safety in LTE networks. It covers:
1. Controlling access to the air interface through mechanisms like access class barring which allow reserving access for priority users.
2. Controlling the use of network resources by mapping applications to EPS bearers that have QoS Class Identifiers and Allocation Retention Priority levels assigned.
3. Ensuring roaming and handover do not impact the QoS and priority access provided to public safety users.
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
This document summarizes an agenda for a presentation on LTE and EPC. The presentation covers the timeline and development of LTE standards, an overview of the LTE radio interface including OFDMA and bandwidth options, and applications enabled by LTE such as video streaming. It also provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core including the motivation for evolving 3G core networks to an all-IP architecture and the network functions of the EPC such as the MME, SGW and PGW. Mobility and interworking with 2G, 3G and non-3G networks via the EPC is also summarized.
Determine the required delivery characteristics of a packet stream and how a Traffic Management (TM) module can offload compute-intensive tasks. Hear more about the latest innovations in both DPI & TM solutions.
The document discusses LTE key technologies including those from Release 9 and Release 10 of the 3GPP specifications. It describes the organizations involved in developing LTE standards and trials. The basic LTE technologies covered include OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and peak throughput calculation methods. Key technologies added in Release 9 include enhanced dual-layer beamforming transmission to improve cell capacity and coverage using multiple layers. Release 10 features further expanded the use of multiple antennas and introduced carrier aggregation.
This document provides an overview of LTE including:
1) What LTE is and why it was needed to replace 3G networks
2) The Evolved Packet System (EPS) architecture consisting of the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core
3) Key components of the Evolved Packet Core including the MME, SGW, and PDN-GW and their functions
High performance browser networking ch7,8Seung-Bum Lee
Presentation material including summary of "High Performance Browser Networking" by Ilya Grigorik. This book includes very good summary of computer network not only for internet browsing but also multimedia streaming.
The document provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and its components:
1. The EPC introduced with LTE features a flat "all-IP" architecture with the Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) as key components.
2. The SGW serves user plane tunnels, the PGW acts as the IP anchor and enforces policies, the MME handles mobility management, and the PCRF provides dynamic policy control.
3. The eNodeB interfaces with the MME for control functions and the SGW for user plane data, facilitating mobility management
4G LTE uses technologies like OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO to provide peak download rates of 100 Mbps and upload rates of 50 Mbps, with low latency. It employs an all-IP packet switched network with scalable channel bandwidth between 5-20 MHz. The LTE network architecture consists solely of evolved NodeBs which simplify the design.
The document provides an overview of High Speed Packet Data Evolution (HSPA+). It discusses the goals of HSPA+ to achieve performance comparable to Long Term Evolution (LTE) with a bandwidth of 5MHz. The key techniques discussed to achieve these goals include Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), higher order modulation up to 64QAM, control channel improvements, and protocol optimizations. In conclusion, the combination of these techniques allows HSPA+ to reach close to LTE performance targets, though some targets like lower latency may not be achievable due to the longer transmission time interval of HSPA+.
This document discusses technologies for efficiently utilizing limited satellite bandwidth resources. It describes how spectral efficiencies can be improved through advances in forward error correction coding, such as turbo product coding and LDPC, which allow higher order modulations to be used at a given signal-to-noise ratio. It also discusses dynamic SCPC technology which provides automated allocation of bandwidth on satellite links based on application requirements, improving bandwidth utilization over fixed SCPC allocations. The Vipersat system is presented as a solution that combines TDM, TDMA, and dynamic SCPC technologies.
The document describes the LTE protocol stack, which contains a user plane and control plane. It divides the protocol stack into layers for the radio network and transport network. The physical layer transfers data and performs error detection. The MAC sublayer maps transport channels to logical channels and handles scheduling. The RLC layer provides different reliability modes for data transfer. The PDCP layer performs header compression and ciphering. The RRC layer controls handovers, paging, and radio bearer setup. Transport protocols like IP, UDP, and GTP are used in the fixed network.
5G Technology is based on three pillars. Let's discuss the basic ideas of all three concepts of 5G and details about URLCC workflow.
The specifications of 5G NR in Standalone operation are due for completion in June 2018, which will provide a complete set of specifications for the 5G Core Network that goes beyond Non-Standalone. The ‘full’ 5G System includes:
eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband)
URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications)
mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications)
The initial phase of 5G Non-Standalone deployments focuses on eMBB, which provides greater data-bandwidth complemented by moderate latency improvements on both 5G NR and 4G LTE. This will help to develop today’s mobile broadband use cases such as emerging AR/VR media and applications, UltraHD or 360-degree streaming video and many more.
mMTC has been already developed as part of 3GPP Release 13/14 low power wide area (LPWA) technologies, which includes NB-IoT. These are expected to meet most 5G mMTC requirements, while others that require more bandwidth with ultra-reliable low latency (full URLLC) will require the 5G Core deployment for full end-2-end latency reduction. Mission critical applications that are especially latency-sensitive will also require wide coverage, which is highly unlikely in early 5G deployments, so this development will come later.
MediaTek continues to heavily invest in the development of 5G products and is committed to accelerating its adoption. Our intention is to bring technology to the mid-tier market from day one in accordance with our brand philosophy. This contrasts with the usual premium-first approach the rest of the industry often focuses on, and we believe we can offer a unique and powerful platform.
This document discusses the evolution of radio access network (RAN) architectures from vertically integrated vendor-specific designs to next generation standardized architectures with decoupled control and user planes. It proposes standardized northbound and southbound interfaces to enable multi-vendor RANs and programmable control functions. Proof of concept demonstrations show how a RAN controller can manage applications through these interfaces for load balancing, hybrid scheduling, and network slicing. The forum aims to drive standardization through operator-led collaboration between vendors and standards bodies like 3GPP and ONAP.
Networks have layers according to different models like the OSI model and TCP/IP model. The document discusses each layer including physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. It provides examples of common protocols that operate at each layer like Ethernet at the data link layer, IP at the network layer, and HTTP at the application layer. The document demonstrates using Wireshark to capture network packets at different layers like ARP, DNS, ping, and HTTP requests to analyze the network traffic and observe how protocols work.
Physical layer aspects (Matthew Baker: RAN WG1 Chair, Alcatel-Lucent) BP Tiwari
This document discusses the physical layer design of LTE-Advanced. It describes the downlink and uplink physical layer designs, including the use of OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. It also discusses support for time division duplexing and half-duplex frequency division duplexing. Enhancements to user equipment categories and the physical layer for LTE-Advanced are also covered.
This document provides an overview of IP RAN network design for 2G and 3G networks. It discusses key aspects of IP RAN including transport connectivity, network synchronization, quality of service, and security. The document also presents case studies of 2G and 3G network topologies designed using IP RAN principles.
Provides an overview of the GTP protocol. Tutorial video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPfExr9bEEg&index=9&list=PLgQvzsPaZX_bimBc5Wu4m6-cVD4bZDav9&t=1s
The document lists definitions for over 70 acronyms and abbreviations commonly used in computer science and information technology. It includes acronyms for programming languages, software, protocols, hardware components, and more. Some examples provided are API for Application Programming Interface, CSS for Cascading Style Sheet, FTP for File Transfer Protocol, and HTTPS for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
This document discusses selecting technologies and devices for enterprise networks. It covers remote access technologies like PPP, ISDN, cable modems and DSL. For WANs it discusses leased lines, SONET, Frame Relay and ATM. Selection criteria for remote access devices, VPN concentrators, routers and WAN service providers are provided. Key factors include business needs, cost, performance, security, manageability, supported protocols and geographical coverage.
This document discusses key aspects of providing Quality of Service (QoS) and priority access for public safety in LTE networks. It covers:
1. Controlling access to the air interface through mechanisms like access class barring which allow reserving access for priority users.
2. Controlling the use of network resources by mapping applications to EPS bearers that have QoS Class Identifiers and Allocation Retention Priority levels assigned.
3. Ensuring roaming and handover do not impact the QoS and priority access provided to public safety users.
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
This document summarizes an agenda for a presentation on LTE and EPC. The presentation covers the timeline and development of LTE standards, an overview of the LTE radio interface including OFDMA and bandwidth options, and applications enabled by LTE such as video streaming. It also provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core including the motivation for evolving 3G core networks to an all-IP architecture and the network functions of the EPC such as the MME, SGW and PGW. Mobility and interworking with 2G, 3G and non-3G networks via the EPC is also summarized.
Determine the required delivery characteristics of a packet stream and how a Traffic Management (TM) module can offload compute-intensive tasks. Hear more about the latest innovations in both DPI & TM solutions.
The document discusses LTE key technologies including those from Release 9 and Release 10 of the 3GPP specifications. It describes the organizations involved in developing LTE standards and trials. The basic LTE technologies covered include OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and peak throughput calculation methods. Key technologies added in Release 9 include enhanced dual-layer beamforming transmission to improve cell capacity and coverage using multiple layers. Release 10 features further expanded the use of multiple antennas and introduced carrier aggregation.
This document provides an overview of LTE including:
1) What LTE is and why it was needed to replace 3G networks
2) The Evolved Packet System (EPS) architecture consisting of the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core
3) Key components of the Evolved Packet Core including the MME, SGW, and PDN-GW and their functions
High performance browser networking ch7,8Seung-Bum Lee
Presentation material including summary of "High Performance Browser Networking" by Ilya Grigorik. This book includes very good summary of computer network not only for internet browsing but also multimedia streaming.
The document provides an overview of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and its components:
1. The EPC introduced with LTE features a flat "all-IP" architecture with the Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) as key components.
2. The SGW serves user plane tunnels, the PGW acts as the IP anchor and enforces policies, the MME handles mobility management, and the PCRF provides dynamic policy control.
3. The eNodeB interfaces with the MME for control functions and the SGW for user plane data, facilitating mobility management
4G LTE uses technologies like OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO to provide peak download rates of 100 Mbps and upload rates of 50 Mbps, with low latency. It employs an all-IP packet switched network with scalable channel bandwidth between 5-20 MHz. The LTE network architecture consists solely of evolved NodeBs which simplify the design.
The document provides an overview of High Speed Packet Data Evolution (HSPA+). It discusses the goals of HSPA+ to achieve performance comparable to Long Term Evolution (LTE) with a bandwidth of 5MHz. The key techniques discussed to achieve these goals include Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), higher order modulation up to 64QAM, control channel improvements, and protocol optimizations. In conclusion, the combination of these techniques allows HSPA+ to reach close to LTE performance targets, though some targets like lower latency may not be achievable due to the longer transmission time interval of HSPA+.
This document discusses technologies for efficiently utilizing limited satellite bandwidth resources. It describes how spectral efficiencies can be improved through advances in forward error correction coding, such as turbo product coding and LDPC, which allow higher order modulations to be used at a given signal-to-noise ratio. It also discusses dynamic SCPC technology which provides automated allocation of bandwidth on satellite links based on application requirements, improving bandwidth utilization over fixed SCPC allocations. The Vipersat system is presented as a solution that combines TDM, TDMA, and dynamic SCPC technologies.
The document describes the LTE protocol stack, which contains a user plane and control plane. It divides the protocol stack into layers for the radio network and transport network. The physical layer transfers data and performs error detection. The MAC sublayer maps transport channels to logical channels and handles scheduling. The RLC layer provides different reliability modes for data transfer. The PDCP layer performs header compression and ciphering. The RRC layer controls handovers, paging, and radio bearer setup. Transport protocols like IP, UDP, and GTP are used in the fixed network.
5G Technology is based on three pillars. Let's discuss the basic ideas of all three concepts of 5G and details about URLCC workflow.
The specifications of 5G NR in Standalone operation are due for completion in June 2018, which will provide a complete set of specifications for the 5G Core Network that goes beyond Non-Standalone. The ‘full’ 5G System includes:
eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband)
URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications)
mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications)
The initial phase of 5G Non-Standalone deployments focuses on eMBB, which provides greater data-bandwidth complemented by moderate latency improvements on both 5G NR and 4G LTE. This will help to develop today’s mobile broadband use cases such as emerging AR/VR media and applications, UltraHD or 360-degree streaming video and many more.
mMTC has been already developed as part of 3GPP Release 13/14 low power wide area (LPWA) technologies, which includes NB-IoT. These are expected to meet most 5G mMTC requirements, while others that require more bandwidth with ultra-reliable low latency (full URLLC) will require the 5G Core deployment for full end-2-end latency reduction. Mission critical applications that are especially latency-sensitive will also require wide coverage, which is highly unlikely in early 5G deployments, so this development will come later.
MediaTek continues to heavily invest in the development of 5G products and is committed to accelerating its adoption. Our intention is to bring technology to the mid-tier market from day one in accordance with our brand philosophy. This contrasts with the usual premium-first approach the rest of the industry often focuses on, and we believe we can offer a unique and powerful platform.
This document discusses the evolution of radio access network (RAN) architectures from vertically integrated vendor-specific designs to next generation standardized architectures with decoupled control and user planes. It proposes standardized northbound and southbound interfaces to enable multi-vendor RANs and programmable control functions. Proof of concept demonstrations show how a RAN controller can manage applications through these interfaces for load balancing, hybrid scheduling, and network slicing. The forum aims to drive standardization through operator-led collaboration between vendors and standards bodies like 3GPP and ONAP.
Networks have layers according to different models like the OSI model and TCP/IP model. The document discusses each layer including physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. It provides examples of common protocols that operate at each layer like Ethernet at the data link layer, IP at the network layer, and HTTP at the application layer. The document demonstrates using Wireshark to capture network packets at different layers like ARP, DNS, ping, and HTTP requests to analyze the network traffic and observe how protocols work.
Physical layer aspects (Matthew Baker: RAN WG1 Chair, Alcatel-Lucent) BP Tiwari
This document discusses the physical layer design of LTE-Advanced. It describes the downlink and uplink physical layer designs, including the use of OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. It also discusses support for time division duplexing and half-duplex frequency division duplexing. Enhancements to user equipment categories and the physical layer for LTE-Advanced are also covered.
This document provides an overview of IP RAN network design for 2G and 3G networks. It discusses key aspects of IP RAN including transport connectivity, network synchronization, quality of service, and security. The document also presents case studies of 2G and 3G network topologies designed using IP RAN principles.
Provides an overview of the GTP protocol. Tutorial video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPfExr9bEEg&index=9&list=PLgQvzsPaZX_bimBc5Wu4m6-cVD4bZDav9&t=1s
The document lists definitions for over 70 acronyms and abbreviations commonly used in computer science and information technology. It includes acronyms for programming languages, software, protocols, hardware components, and more. Some examples provided are API for Application Programming Interface, CSS for Cascading Style Sheet, FTP for File Transfer Protocol, and HTTPS for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
This document discusses selecting technologies and devices for enterprise networks. It covers remote access technologies like PPP, ISDN, cable modems and DSL. For WANs it discusses leased lines, SONET, Frame Relay and ATM. Selection criteria for remote access devices, VPN concentrators, routers and WAN service providers are provided. Key factors include business needs, cost, performance, security, manageability, supported protocols and geographical coverage.
The document provides an overview of wireless cellular networks including key concepts such as electromagnetic spectrum, modulation techniques, multiple access methods, cellular standards, network architecture and call flows. It describes the evolution of cellular standards from 1G to 5G and highlights LTE as an advanced 4G standard offering higher data rates and lower latency. The LTE network architecture involves elements such as eNodeB, MME, SGW and PGW. Interfaces between these elements enable control and user plane functionality. Key procedures like attach, bearer establishment and handover are also summarized.
This slide is an introduction for IMS infrastructure and its basic properties and concepts for whom want to understand what is IMS ! this document created using 3gpp spec 23.228
This slide is an introduction for IMS infrastructure and its basic properties and concepts for whom want to understand what is IMS ! this document created using 3gpp spec 23.228
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) including its history, architecture, key components, and technical aspects. It describes GSM concepts such as cellular structure and multiple access techniques. It also outlines the roles of core network elements like the HLR, VLR, MSC, BSC, BTS, and identifies interfaces between them. Finally, it covers topics like channel structure, encryption, and mobility management in GSM.
Cellular Mobile Communication discusses 3G and 4G mobile technologies. 3G allows integration of voice, data, and video up to 2 megabits per second. 4G is the next generation of high-speed mobile networks that will replace 3G using technologies like LTE and WiMAX. 4G uses technologies like OFDM and UWB to provide data rates up to 20mbps for mobile speeds up to 200km/hr in frequency bands of 2-8GHz. The document also outlines the key components of 3G networks including the core network, UTRAN, user equipment, Node B, RNC, BTS, BSC, MSC, GMSC, HLR, VLR, AUC, SMSC
This document discusses modifying CORS sites to transmit real-time GPS data over the internet using standardized protocols. It outlines plans to upgrade receiver firmware and networking capabilities to transmit data every 1 second. The NTRIP protocol will be used to stream corrected GPS data from these reference stations to users over the internet, allowing real-time kinematic positioning with latencies of 1-2 seconds. Implementing this network would make real-time GPS data widely and easily accessible to many users through internet connections.
This document compares Mobile WiMAX to 3G technologies such as 1xEVDO and HSPA. It finds that Mobile WiMAX offers higher data rates, better quality of service through flexible scheduling, and more scalability due to its ability to work in various channel sizes. A performance comparison shows that Mobile WiMAX provides over twice the spectral efficiency and sector throughput of 3G technologies in both downlink and uplink directions.
Mobile Wimax Part2 Comparative AnalysisDeepak Sharma
This document compares Mobile WiMAX to 3G technologies such as 1xEVDO and HSPA. It finds that Mobile WiMAX offers higher data rates, better quality of service through flexible scheduling, and more scalable channel bandwidths. A performance comparison shows that Mobile WiMAX provides over 2 times the spectral efficiency and sector throughput of 3G technologies in both downlink and uplink directions. Mobile WiMAX is thus more suitable for high-speed mobile broadband applications.
The document provides information about the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) cellular standard. It describes GSM as a digital cellular system using TDMA and FDMA. Key aspects of GSM discussed include its architecture, protocols, interfaces, services, and operation. The architecture includes the network switching subsystem (NSS) and base station subsystem (BSS). The NSS contains elements like the mobile switching center (MSC) and home location register (HLR). The BSS contains the base transceiver station (BTS) and base station controller (BSC). Interfaces like A, Abis, and GSM signaling are also covered.
UMTS ... is 3G technology and concepts. It introduced a new radio access network called UTRAN and a new air interface called WCDMA. The core network was initially based on GSM/GPRS but was expanded with new nodes. UMTS defined four quality of service classes and new protocols were introduced for the user plane and control plane in UTRAN and between network elements. Key concepts included serving and drift RNCs for soft handover, and SRNS relocation for changing the serving RNC.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts across the OSI 7-layer model. It describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, and routers. It explains layers of the TCP/IP model including physical layer standards, data link protocols, IP addressing, TCP and UDP, and application layer protocols like DNS, DHCP, and HTTP. It also covers topics like wired and wireless connectivity standards, network security, and basic troubleshooting tools.
1) GSM and GPRS support handoffs to allow mobile devices to transition between base stations as they move.
2) In GPRS, handoffs are initiated by the network and involve updating location registers and tunneling information to maintain data sessions.
3) Quality of service profiles define precedence, delay, reliability, and throughput requirements that impact handoff decisions.
This document provides an overview of cellular network technologies from 1G to 4G. It summarizes the evolution from analog 1G networks to digital 2G networks, then to 2.5G and 3G networks with increased data capabilities. 4G networks are described as providing further increased throughput through advanced technologies like OFDMA. Key multiple access technologies like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA used in different generations are explained. Popular cellular standards GSM and CDMA are discussed in detail along with their network architecture and capabilities. The transition from 2G to 2.5G to 3G using technologies like GPRS, EDGE is outlined. The goals and applications of 4G networks are described as fully converged services on a range
LTE is a cellular wireless system standard that uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. Key LTE technologies include bandwidth flexibility, advanced antenna techniques like MIMO, link adaptation, inter-cell interference coordination, and a two-layered HARQ protocol to provide low latency and high reliability data transmission. LTE aims to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, support new services, and provide higher data rates and lower latencies compared to previous cellular standards.
The document summarizes the capabilities and features of the SpiderCloud Wireless Services Node, which is an enterprise small cell platform that supports both 3G and LTE radio access. The Services Node can control up to 100 small cell radio nodes across an area of over 1 million square feet, with a single platform that simplifies configuration, mobility management, and backhaul integration. It provides carrier-grade security, quality of service controls, and capabilities for self-optimizing networks and applications.
GSM and CDMA are the two main digital mobile technologies. CDMA uses direct sequence spread spectrum technology and allows multiple users to access the network using the same frequency band at the same time through the use of unique codes. In CDMA, users share the same bandwidth and are separated by codes rather than frequency or time slots. CDMA provides advantages like better voice quality and easier frequency planning compared to TDMA/FDMA systems. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple access through allocating users to different time slots and frequency channels.
A Platform for Data Intensive Services Enabled by Next Generation Dynamic Opt...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
The new architecture is proposed for data intensive enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks
Encapsulates “optical network resources” into a service framework to support dynamically provisioned and advanced data-intensive transport services
Provides a generalized framework for high performance applications over next generation networks, not necessary optical end-to-end
Supports both on-demand and scheduled data retrieval
Supports a meshed wavelength switched network capable of establishing an end-to-end lightpath in seconds
Supports bulk data-transfer facilities using lambda-switched networks
Supports out-of-band tools for adaptive placement of data replicas
Offers network resources as Grid services for Grid computing
- GSM is a standard for 2G digital cellular networks that uses narrowband TDMA. It describes protocols for features like GPRS, EDGE, authentication, encryption, and more.
- The GSM architecture consists of mobile equipment (handsets), a base station subsystem for radio network management, a network switching subsystem for call routing, and a network management subsystem.
- Key aspects include the SIM card for user identification, base transceiver stations for radio signals, transcoding between speech formats, home and visitor location registers for subscriber data, and authentication/equipment databases.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity server
Abbreviations(1)
1. Telecom Abbreviations & Acronyms - Telecom Industry
Abbreviations
Author: Administrator
Saved From: http://www.knowledgebase-script.com/demo/article-1045.html
Telecom Industry Acronyms - This is a comprehensive dictionary of the many acronyms and abbreviations
used throughout the telecom and telephone industry. You can use this collection to browse and search for
thousands of Telecom Acronyms and Telecom Abbreviations. An essential reference, this comprehensive
glossary of Telecom Abbreviations and Acronyms helps keep engineers, technical writers, technicians, and
university students up to speed on the vast amount of terminology that comes their way.
Telecom Abbreviations and Acronyms
Here is a collection of abbreviations used in the telecom sector. This Comprehensive Glossary of Telecom
Abbreviations and Acronyms is a collection of about 400 entries that cover the fields of
telecommunications, satellite communications, marine communications, radar and military communications,
electronics, computer, Internet, radio and television broadcasting, fiber optics communications, information
technology (IT), Information Communication Technology (ICT), remote sensing and cellular networks.
• 2G - 2nd Generation
• 3G - 3rd Generation
• AAL - ATM Adaptation Layer
• AAL2 - ATM Adaptation Layer (Type-2)
• AAL5 - ATM Adaptation Layer (Type-5)
• ACK - Acknowledgement
• AI - Acquisition Indicator
• AICH - Acquisition Indicator Channel
• ALCAP - Access Link Control Application Protocol
• AM - Acknowledged Mode
• AMR - Adaptive Multi Rate
• AN - Access Network
• APDU - Application Protocol Data Unit
• API - Application Programming Interface
• ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
• ARQ - Automatic Repeat Request
• AS - Access Stratum
• ASC - Access Service Class
• ASN.1 - Abstract Syntax Notation One
• ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• AuC - Authentication Centre
• B-ISDN - Broadband ISDN
• BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel
• BCFE - Broadcast Control Functional Entity
• BCH - Broadcast Channel
• BER - Bit Error Rate
• BID - Binding Identity
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2. • BLER - Block Error Rate
• BMC - Broadcast/Multicast Control
• BS - Base Station
• BSC - Base Station Controller
• BSS - Base Station System
• BTS - Base Transceiver Station
• C-RNTI - Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity / Controlling RNC Radio Network Temporary Identity
• CAMEL - Customised Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic
• CAP - CAMEL Application Part
• CB - Cell Broadcast
• CBR - Constant Bit Rate
• CBS - Cell Broadcast Service
• CC - Call Control
• CCCH - Common Control Channel
• CCF - Call Control Function
• CCH - Control Channel
• CCPCH - Common Control Physical Channel
• CCTrCH - Coded Composite Transport Channel
• CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
• CN - Core Network
• CPICH - Common Pilot Channel
• CPCH - Common Packet Channel
• CPCS - Common Part Convergence Sublayer (ATM)
• CPS - Common Part Sublayer
• CPU - Central Processing Unit
• CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
• CRNC - Controlling Radio Network Controller
• CS-GW - Circuit Switched Gateway
• CS - Circuit Switched
• CSCF - Call Server Control Function
• CSE - Camel Service Environment
• CTCH - Common Traffic Channel
• CTDMA - Code Time Division Multiple Access
• SCTP - Simple Control Transmission Protocol
• CW - Continuous Wave (unmodulated signal)
• DC - Dedicated Control (SAP)
• DCA - Dynamic Channel Allocation
• DCCH - Dedicated Control Channel
• DCH - Dedicated Channel
• DECT - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
• DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• Diff-Serv - Differentiated services
• DL - Downlink (Forward Link)
• DN - Destination Network
• DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
• DPCH - Dedicated Physical Channel
• DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel
• DRAC - Dynamic Resource Allocation Control
• DRNC - Drift Radio Network Controller
• DRNS - Drift RNS
• DRX - Discontinuous Reception
• DS-CDMA - Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access
• DSCH - Downlink Shared Channel
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3. • DTCH - Dedicated Traffic Channel
• DTMF - Dual Tone Multiple Frequency
• DTX - Discontinuous Transmission
• E-GGSN - Enhanced GGSN
• E-HLR - Enhanced HLR
• EDGE - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
• EGPRS - Enhanced GPRS
• eMLPP - enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption
• ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute
• FACH - Forward Access Channel
• FAUSCH - Fast Uplink Signaling Channel
• FAX - Facsimile
• FCS - Frame Check Sequence
• FDD - Frequency Division Duplex
• FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
• FEC - Forward Error Correction
• FER - Frame Erasure Rate, Frame Error Rate
• FFS - For Further Study
• FN - Frame Number
• FP - Frame Protocol
• GC - General Control (SAP)
• GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node
• GMSC - Gateway MSC
• GMSK - Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
• GP - Guard Period
• GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
• GSM - Global System for Mobile communications
• GSN - GPRS Support Nodes
• GTP - GPRS Tunneling Protocol
• H-CSCF - Home CSCF
• HCS - Hierarchical Cell Structure
• HE-VASP - Home Environment Value Added Service Provider
• HHO - Hard Handover
• HLR - Home Location Register
• HN - Home Network
• HO - Handover
• HPLMN - Home Public Land Mobile Network
• HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched Data
• HSS - Home Subscriber Server
• HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• I/O - Input/Output
• ICGW - Incoming Call Gateway
• ID - Identifier
• IE - Information Element
• IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission
• IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
• IK - Integrity Key
• IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identity
• IMGI - International mobile group identity
• IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity
• IMT-2000 - International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
• IN - Intelligent Network
• INAP - Intelligent Network Application Part
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4. • IP - Internet Protocol
• IP-M - IP Multicast
• ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
• ISO - International Organisation for Standardisation
• ISP - Internet Service Provider
• ISUP - ISDN User Part
• ITU - International Telecommunication Union
• IUI - International USIM Identifier
• Kbps - kilo-bits per second
• Ksps - kilo-symbols per second
• L1 - Layer 1 (physical layer)
• L2 - Layer 2 (data link layer)
• L3 - Layer 3 (network layer)
• LAC - Link Access Control
• LAI - Location Area Identity
• LAN - Local Area Network
• LCS - Location Services
• LLC - Logical Link Control
• LN - Logical Name
• LSA - Localised Service Area
• LSB - Least Significant Bit
• MA - Multiple Access
• MAC-A - MAC used for authentication and key agreement (TSG T WG3 context)
• MAC-I - MAC used for data integrity of signalling messages (TSG T WG3 context)
• MAC - Medium Access Control (protocol layering context)
• MAHO - Mobile Assisted Handover
• MAP - Mobile Application Part
• MCC - Mobile Country Code
• Mcps - Mega-chips per second
• MCU - Media Control Unit
• MDS - Multimedia Distribution Service
• ME - Mobile Equipment
• MEHO - Mobile evaluated handover
• MER - Message Error Rate
• MExE - Mobile station (application) Execution Environment
• MGCF - Media Gateway Control Function
• MGCP - Media Gateway Control Part
• MGT - Mobile Global Title
• MGW - Media GateWay
• MM - Mobility Management
• MMI - Man Machine Interface
• MNC - Mobile Network Code
• MNP - Mobile Number Portability
• MO - Mobile Originated
• MOHO - Mobile Originated Handover
• MOS - Mean Opinion Score
• MPEG - Moving Pictures Experts Group
• MRF - Media Resource Function
• MS - Mobile Station
• MSB - Most Significant Bit
• MSC - Mobile Switching Centre
• MSE - MExE Service Environment
• MSID - Mobile Station Identifier
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5. • MSIN - Mobile Station Identification Number
• MSP - Multiple Subscriber Profile
• MT - Mobile Terminated
• MTP - Message Transfer Part
• MTP3-B - Message Transfer Part level 3
• MUI - Mobile User Identifier
• NAS - Non-Access Stratum
• NBAP - Node B Application Part
• NDC - National Destination Code
• NEHO - Network evaluated handover
• NITZ - Network Identity and Time Zone
• NMSI - National Mobile Station Identifier
• NNI - Network-Node Interface
• NO - Network Operator
• NP - Network Performance
• NPA - Numbering Plan Area
• NPI - Numbering Plan Identifier
• NRT - Non-Real Time
• NSAP - Network Service Access Point
• NSDU - Network service data unit
• NSS - Network Sub System
• Nt - Notification (SAP)
• NT - Non Transparent
• NUI - National User / USIM Identifier
• NW - Network
• O&M - Operations and Maintenance
• OCCCH - ODMA Common Control Channel
• ODB - Operator Determined Barring
• ODCCH - ODMA Dedicated Control Channel
• ODCH - ODMA Dedicated Channel
• ODMA - Opportunity Driven Multiple Access
• ORACH - ODMA Random Access Channel
• ODTCH - ODMA Dedicated Traffic Channel
• OSA - Open Service Architecture
• OVSF - Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
• PBP - Paging Block Periodicity
• PBX - Private Branch eXchange
• PC - Power Control / Personal Computer
• PCCH - Paging Control Channel
• PCH - Paging Channel
• PCK - Personalisation Control Key
• PCPCH - Physical Common Packet Channel
• PCCPCH - Primary Common Control Physical Channel
• PCS - Personal Communication System
• PCU - Packet Control Unit
• PDCP - Packet Data Convergence Protocol
• PDH - Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
• PDN - Public Data Network
• PDP - Packet Data Protocol
• PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
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6. • PDU - Protocol Data Unit
• PG - Processing Gain
• PHS - Personal Handyphone System
• PHY - Physical layer
• PhyCH - Physical Channel
• PI - Page Indicator
• PICH - Page Indicator Channel
• PID - Packet Identification
• PIN - Personal Identification Number
• PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
• PN - Pseudo Noise
• PPM - Parts Per Million
• PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel
• PS - Packet Switched
• PSC - Primary Synchronization Code
• PSCH - Physical Shared Channel
• PSE - Personal Service Environment
• PSTN - Public Switched Telephone Network
• PTM - Point-to-Multipoint
• PTP - Point to point
• PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel
• QoS - Quality of Service
• QPSK - Quadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift Keying
• R-SGW - Roaming Signalling Gateway
• R00 - Release 2000
• R99 - Release 1999
• RA - Routing Area
• RAB - Radio Access Bearer
• RACH - Random Access Channel
• RAI - Routing Area Identity
• RAN - Radio Access Network
• RANAP - Radio Access Network Application Part
• RB - Radio Bearer
• RF - Radio Frequency
• RFC - Request For Comments
• RFE - Routing Functional Identity
• RFU - Reserved for Future Use
• RL - Radio Link
• RLC - Radio Link Control
• RLCP - Radio Link Control Protocol
• RNC - Radio Network Controller
• RNS - Radio Network Subsystem
• RNSAP - Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
• RNTI - Radio Network Temporary Identity
• RRC - Radio Resource Control
• RRM - Radio Resource Management
• RSCP - Received Signal Code Power
• RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indicator
• RST - Reset
• RSVP - Resource ReserVation Protocol
• RT - Real Time
• RTP - Real Time Protocol
• RU - Resource Unit
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7. • RX - Receive
• S-CSCF - Serving CSCF
• S-RNTI - SRNC Radio Network Temporary Identity
• SAAL - Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer
• SACCH - Slow Associated Control Channel
• SAP - Service Access Point
• SAPI - Service Access Point Identifier
• SAR - Segmentation and Reassembly
• SAT - SIM Application Toolkit
• SCCH - Synchronization Control Channel
• SCCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
• SCF - Service Control Function (IN context), Service Capability Feature (VHE/OSA context)
• SCH - Synchronization Channel
• SCI - Subscriber Controlled Input
• SCP - Service Control Point
• SDCCH - Standalone Dedicated Control Channel
• SDH - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
• SDU - Service Data Unit
• SE - Security Environment
• SF - Spreading Factor
• SFN - System Frame Number
• SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node
• SHCCH - Shared Channel Control Channel
• SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
• SIP - Session Initiated Protocol
• SIR - Signal-to-Interference Ratio
• SMS - Short Message Service
• SMS-CB - SMS Cell Broadcast
• SN - Serving Network
• SNDCP - Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol
• SoLSA - Support of Localised Service Area
• SP - Switching Point / Service Provider
• SRNC - Serving Radio Network Controller
• SRNS - Serving RNS
• SS7 - Signaling System No. 7
• SSCOP - Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
• SSCF - Service Specific Co-ordination Function
• SSCF-NNI - Service Specific Coordination Function – Network Node Interface
• SSCS - Service Specific Convergence Sublayer
• SSDT - Site Selection Diversity Transmission
• SSF - Service Switching Function
• SSSAR - Service Specific Segmentation and Re-assembly sublayer
• STTD - Space Time Transmit Diversity
• SVC - Switched virtual circuit
• T-SGW - Transport Signalling Gateway
• T - Transparent
• TCH - Traffic Channel
• TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
• TD-CDMA - Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access
• TDD - Time Division Duplex
• TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
• TE - Terminal Equipment
• TF - Transport Format
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8. • TFC - Transport Format Combination
• TFCI - Transport Format Combination Indicator
• TFCS - Transport Format Combination Set
• TFI - Transport Format Indicator
• TFS - Transport Format Set
• TLLI - Temporary Logical link Identity
• TMSI - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
• TPC - Transmit Power Control
• TR - Technical Report
• TrCH - Transport Channel
• TS - Technical Specification
• TSTD - Time Switched Transmit Diversity
• TX - Transmit
• U-RNTI - UTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identity
• UARFCN - UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
• UARFN - UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Number
• UDP - User Datagram Protocol
• UE - User Equipment
• UER - User Equipment with ODMA relay operation enabled
• UI - User Interface
• UICC - Universal Integrated Circuit Card
• UL - Uplink (Reverse Link)
• UM - Unacknowledged Mode
• UMS - User Mobility Server
• UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• UNI - User-Network Interface
• UP - User Plane
• UPT - Universal Personal Telecommunication
• URA - User Registration Area
• URAN - UMTS Radio Access Network
• URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator
• USC - UE Service Capabilities
• USCH - Uplink Shared Channel
• USIM - Universal Subscriber Identity Module
• USSD - Unstructured Supplementary Service Data
• UT - Universal Time
• UTRA - Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
• UTRAN - Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
• UUI - User-to-User Information
• UUS - Uu Stratum
• VASP - Value Added Service Provider
• VBR - Variable Bit Rate
• VBS - Voice Broadcast Service
• VC - Virtual Circuit
• VGCS - Voice Group Call Service
• VHE - Virtual Home Environment
• VoIP - Voice Over IP
• VPLMN - Visited Public Land Mobile Network
• VPN - Virtual Private Network
• WAE - Wireless Application Environment
• WAP - Wireless Application Protocol
• WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
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9. • WDP - Wireless Datagram Protocol
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