Surface and soil moisture monitoring, estimations, variations, and retrievalsJenkins Macedo
This presentation explored five leading articles in the remotely sensed and in situ surface and soil moisture monitoring, estimations, variations, and retrievals for global environmental change. The presentation gives insight to the purpose of each study, subjects of investigations, methods used to collect and analyze data sets, results and implications, and conclusions. This project is in fulfillment of the course on remote sensing for global environmental change and precedes our preview on water resources monitoring. This project was conducted by Christina Geller, 5th year accelerated graduate student in Geographic Information Systems for Development, and Environment and Jenkins Macedo, 2nd year graduate students in Environmental Science and Policy at the Department of International Development, Community, and Environment (IDCE) at Clark University. All academic materials used in this study were appropriately referenced (see bibliography for details).
Proterozoic Milankovitch cycles and the history of the solar systemSérgio Sacani
The geologic record of Milankovitch climate cycles provides a rich
conceptual and temporal framework for evaluating Earth system
evolution, bestowing a sharp lens through which to view our
planet’s history. However, the utility of these cycles for constraining
the early Earth system is hindered by seemingly insurmountable
uncertainties in our knowledge of solar system behavior
(including Earth–Moon history), and poor temporal control for validation
of cycle periods (e.g., from radioisotopic dates). Here we
address these problems using a Bayesian inversion approach to
quantitatively link astronomical theory with geologic observation,
allowing a reconstruction of Proterozoic astronomical cycles, fundamental
frequencies of the solar system, the precession constant,
and the underlying geologic timescale, directly from stratigraphic
data. Application of the approach to 1.4-billion-year-old rhythmites
indicates a precession constant of 85.79 ± 2.72 arcsec/year (2σ),
an Earth–Moon distance of 340,900 ± 2,600 km (2σ), and length of
day of 18.68 ± 0.25 hours (2σ), with dominant climatic precession
cycles of ∼14 ky and eccentricity cycles of ∼131 ky. The results
confirm reduced tidal dissipation in the Proterozoic. A complementary
analysis of Eocene rhythmites (∼55 Ma) illustrates how the
approach offers a means to map out ancient solar system behavior
and Earth–Moon history using the geologic archive. The method
also provides robust quantitative uncertainties on the eccentricity
and climatic precession periods, and derived astronomical timescales.
As a consequence, the temporal resolution of ancient Earth
system processes is enhanced, and our knowledge of early solar
system dynamics is greatly improved.
A global reference model of the lithosphere and upper mantle from joint inver...Sérgio Sacani
We present a new global model for the Earth’s lithosphere and upper mantle (LithoRef18) obtained
through a formal joint inversion of 3-D gravity anomalies, geoid height, satellite-derived
gravity gradients and absolute elevation complemented with seismic, thermal and petrological
prior information. The model includes crustal thickness, average crustal density, lithospheric
thickness, depth-dependent density of the lithospheric mantle, lithospheric geotherms, and average
density of the sublithospheric mantle down to 410 km depth with a surface discretization
of 2◦ × 2◦. Our results for lithospheric thickness and sublithospheric density structure are in
excellent agreement with estimates from recent seismic tomography models. A comparison
with higher resolution regional studies in a number of regions around the world indicates that
our values of crustal thickness and density are an improvement over a number of previous
global crustal models. Given the strong similarity with recent tomography models down to
410 km depth, LithoRef18 can be readily merged with these seismic models to include seismic
velocities as part of the reference model. We include several analyses of robustness and
reliability of input data, method and results. We also provide easy-to-use codes to interrogate
the model and use its predictions for the development of higher-resolution models.
Considering the model‘s features and data fitting statistics, LithoRef18 will be useful in
a wide range of geophysical and geochemical applications by serving as a reference or initial
lithospheric model for (i) higher-resolution gravity, seismological and/or integrated geophysical
studies of the lithosphere and upper mantle, (ii) including far-field effects in gravity-based
regional studies, (iii) global circulation/convection models that link the lithosphere with the
deep Earth, (iv) estimating residual, static and dynamic topography, (v) thermal modelling of
sedimentary basins and (vi) studying the links between the lithosphere and the deep Earth,
among others. Several avenues for improving the reliability of LithoRef18’s predictions are
also discussed. Finally, the inversion methodology presented in this work can be applied in
other planets for which potential field data sets are either the only or major constraints to their
internal structures (e.g. Moon, Venus, etc.).
Surface and soil moisture monitoring, estimations, variations, and retrievalsJenkins Macedo
This presentation explored five leading articles in the remotely sensed and in situ surface and soil moisture monitoring, estimations, variations, and retrievals for global environmental change. The presentation gives insight to the purpose of each study, subjects of investigations, methods used to collect and analyze data sets, results and implications, and conclusions. This project is in fulfillment of the course on remote sensing for global environmental change and precedes our preview on water resources monitoring. This project was conducted by Christina Geller, 5th year accelerated graduate student in Geographic Information Systems for Development, and Environment and Jenkins Macedo, 2nd year graduate students in Environmental Science and Policy at the Department of International Development, Community, and Environment (IDCE) at Clark University. All academic materials used in this study were appropriately referenced (see bibliography for details).
Proterozoic Milankovitch cycles and the history of the solar systemSérgio Sacani
The geologic record of Milankovitch climate cycles provides a rich
conceptual and temporal framework for evaluating Earth system
evolution, bestowing a sharp lens through which to view our
planet’s history. However, the utility of these cycles for constraining
the early Earth system is hindered by seemingly insurmountable
uncertainties in our knowledge of solar system behavior
(including Earth–Moon history), and poor temporal control for validation
of cycle periods (e.g., from radioisotopic dates). Here we
address these problems using a Bayesian inversion approach to
quantitatively link astronomical theory with geologic observation,
allowing a reconstruction of Proterozoic astronomical cycles, fundamental
frequencies of the solar system, the precession constant,
and the underlying geologic timescale, directly from stratigraphic
data. Application of the approach to 1.4-billion-year-old rhythmites
indicates a precession constant of 85.79 ± 2.72 arcsec/year (2σ),
an Earth–Moon distance of 340,900 ± 2,600 km (2σ), and length of
day of 18.68 ± 0.25 hours (2σ), with dominant climatic precession
cycles of ∼14 ky and eccentricity cycles of ∼131 ky. The results
confirm reduced tidal dissipation in the Proterozoic. A complementary
analysis of Eocene rhythmites (∼55 Ma) illustrates how the
approach offers a means to map out ancient solar system behavior
and Earth–Moon history using the geologic archive. The method
also provides robust quantitative uncertainties on the eccentricity
and climatic precession periods, and derived astronomical timescales.
As a consequence, the temporal resolution of ancient Earth
system processes is enhanced, and our knowledge of early solar
system dynamics is greatly improved.
A global reference model of the lithosphere and upper mantle from joint inver...Sérgio Sacani
We present a new global model for the Earth’s lithosphere and upper mantle (LithoRef18) obtained
through a formal joint inversion of 3-D gravity anomalies, geoid height, satellite-derived
gravity gradients and absolute elevation complemented with seismic, thermal and petrological
prior information. The model includes crustal thickness, average crustal density, lithospheric
thickness, depth-dependent density of the lithospheric mantle, lithospheric geotherms, and average
density of the sublithospheric mantle down to 410 km depth with a surface discretization
of 2◦ × 2◦. Our results for lithospheric thickness and sublithospheric density structure are in
excellent agreement with estimates from recent seismic tomography models. A comparison
with higher resolution regional studies in a number of regions around the world indicates that
our values of crustal thickness and density are an improvement over a number of previous
global crustal models. Given the strong similarity with recent tomography models down to
410 km depth, LithoRef18 can be readily merged with these seismic models to include seismic
velocities as part of the reference model. We include several analyses of robustness and
reliability of input data, method and results. We also provide easy-to-use codes to interrogate
the model and use its predictions for the development of higher-resolution models.
Considering the model‘s features and data fitting statistics, LithoRef18 will be useful in
a wide range of geophysical and geochemical applications by serving as a reference or initial
lithospheric model for (i) higher-resolution gravity, seismological and/or integrated geophysical
studies of the lithosphere and upper mantle, (ii) including far-field effects in gravity-based
regional studies, (iii) global circulation/convection models that link the lithosphere with the
deep Earth, (iv) estimating residual, static and dynamic topography, (v) thermal modelling of
sedimentary basins and (vi) studying the links between the lithosphere and the deep Earth,
among others. Several avenues for improving the reliability of LithoRef18’s predictions are
also discussed. Finally, the inversion methodology presented in this work can be applied in
other planets for which potential field data sets are either the only or major constraints to their
internal structures (e.g. Moon, Venus, etc.).
Editorial – July 2011 – The latest space mission : SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to the latest space mission and their use in physical oceasnography. A focus is here put on the possible physical oceanography
applicaons of the SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT missions.
SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched on November 2, 2009, is the first satellite mission addressing sea surface salinity measurements from space. Realis-
c salinity maps have been obtained and preliminary validaon tests against in situ data indicate that the SMOS team is approaching its goals. SMOS will be a milestone
in the route for incorporang salinity to operaonal remote sensing.
The GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulaon) satellite, first core Earth Explorer mission from ESA’s Living Planet programme, was successfully launched
on March, 17th 2009. One primary objecve of the GOCE mission is to determine the Earth geoid with an accuracy of 1-2 cm for a spaal resoluon of 100 km. This is
an important supplementary step towards the beer esmaon of the ocean Mean Dynamic Topography, a key reference surface for the assimilaon of almetric Sea
Level Anomalies into operaonal ocean forecasng systems.
ESA's CRYOSAT Earth Explorer mission was launched on 8 April 2010. Although its first mission is to provide the first satellite maps of sea-ice thickness, the CRYOSAT
mission is also operang over ocean surfaces providing a new source of valuable almeter measurements. It represents an addional almeter ocean mission complementary
to exisng Envisat, Jason-1 and Jason-2 missions in the operaonal mulmission processing chain of the SSALTO/DUACS system used in MyOcean.
The newsleer is presenng the following scienfic arcles: First, Font et al. present the characteriscs of the SMOS instrument, a summary of the sea surface salinity
retrieval from SMOS observaons and shows inial results obtained one year and a half a>er launch. At present there are sll several issues being addressed by the
SMOS team, mainly related to low level data processing but also to the retrieval of salinity from radiometric measurements, which prevent by now from reaching the
mission objecves in terms of salinity accuracy. However, realisc salinity maps have been obtained and will be presented. Second, Rio and Mulet carry out an independent
validaon of the different GOCE geoid models, in order to assess their accuracy and determine which one is beer suited for oceanographic applicaons and
Mean Dynamic Topography esmaon. Both the impact of the different methodologies used to compute the gravity fields as well as the contribuon of the four
months of supplementary data have been checked. Third, Dorendeu et al. present a dedicated experiment in order to esmate to which extent valuable ocean al-
metric signals can be extracted from CRYOSAT data and how this opportunity mission could be merged with exisng Envi
Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation: impacts on Antarctic climate and...Andrew Russell
Presentation given at the PAGES symposium in Chile in October 2010. (NB I gave this talk before O'Donnell et al. was published so I'd probably do it differently now.)
C1.02: The activities and Work Plan of the GOOS Physics and Climate Panel (OO...Blue Planet Symposium
The GOOS Physics and Climate Panel* coordinates requirements for the physical variables for GOOS, and also leads the climate theme, reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC), through the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
Due to the many links that need to be made, the panel has a 5 year Work Plan (2013-2018), which is reviewed and updated annually. The Work Plan focusses on developing requirements for physics Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and ocean Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) through the development of variable specifications, the evaluation of network design to meet requirements, and the development and application of observing system performance metrics.
Where there is a need to evolve or expand the observing system, the panel conducts thematic systems based evaluations: for example, the Tropical Pacific observing system (TPOS) review, and evaluation of physics and climate aspects of the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy. Future plans and priorities include; Boundary Currents, and boundary current/shelf interactions, observations for reducing uncertainties in air sea fluxes, and observing ocean/ice interactions.
Systems based evaluations are designed to assess requirements for observations of EOVs, and assess approaches to meeting requirements with existing and emerging observing technologies. Some of these evaluations can and will lead to stand alone finite lifetime projects to oversee the transition or expansion of the observing system. For instance, a new project has been established following the TPOS review, called TPOS 2020 to oversee transition of the TPOS to become more robust, integrated and sustainable (see www.tpos2020.org).
* The GOOS Physics and Climate Panel is also known as the GCOS-GOOS-WCRP Ocean Observations panel for Physics and Climate, OOPC. See more details at www.oopc.info
Topograp hic Constraints on the Evolution and Connectivityof Titan’ s Lacustr...Sérgio Sacani
The topography provided by altimetry, synthetic aperture radar-topography, and stereoradargrammetry has opened new doors for Titan research by allowing for quantitative analysis ofmorphologic form. Using altimetry measurements, we show that Titan’s Maria are consistent with anequipotential surface but that several filled lakes are found to be hundreds of meters above this sea level,suggesting that they exist in isolated or perched basins. Within a given drainage basin, empty lake floors aretypically higher than the liquid elevation of nearby lakes/seas, suggesting local subsurface connectivity.The majority of Titan’s lakes reside in topographically closed, sharp-edged depressions whose planformcurvature suggests lateral expansion through uniform scarp retreat. Many, but not all, empty lake basinsexhibit flat floors and hectometer-scale raised rims that present a challenge to formation models. Weconclude that dissolution erosion can best match the observed constraints but that challenges remain inthe interpretation of formation processes and materials.
Session 3.12 (19Jun17)
The field scale soil moisture analysis using COSMOS-India network to explore water resource quantity and quality for water supply, agriculture and aquaculture over the Indian regions. Milind Mujumdar (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology).
Machine Learning for Non-technical Peopleindico data
Machine learning is one of the most promising and most difficult to understand fields of the modern age. Here are the slides from Slater Victoroff's (CEO of indico) talk at General Assembly Boston for non-technical folks on how to separate the signal from the noise -- stay tuned for the next time he speaks:
https://generalassemb.ly/education/machine-learning-for-non-technical-people
Editorial – July 2011 – The latest space mission : SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT
Greengs all,
This month’s newsleer is devoted to the latest space mission and their use in physical oceasnography. A focus is here put on the possible physical oceanography
applicaons of the SMOS, GOCE and CRYOSAT missions.
SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched on November 2, 2009, is the first satellite mission addressing sea surface salinity measurements from space. Realis-
c salinity maps have been obtained and preliminary validaon tests against in situ data indicate that the SMOS team is approaching its goals. SMOS will be a milestone
in the route for incorporang salinity to operaonal remote sensing.
The GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulaon) satellite, first core Earth Explorer mission from ESA’s Living Planet programme, was successfully launched
on March, 17th 2009. One primary objecve of the GOCE mission is to determine the Earth geoid with an accuracy of 1-2 cm for a spaal resoluon of 100 km. This is
an important supplementary step towards the beer esmaon of the ocean Mean Dynamic Topography, a key reference surface for the assimilaon of almetric Sea
Level Anomalies into operaonal ocean forecasng systems.
ESA's CRYOSAT Earth Explorer mission was launched on 8 April 2010. Although its first mission is to provide the first satellite maps of sea-ice thickness, the CRYOSAT
mission is also operang over ocean surfaces providing a new source of valuable almeter measurements. It represents an addional almeter ocean mission complementary
to exisng Envisat, Jason-1 and Jason-2 missions in the operaonal mulmission processing chain of the SSALTO/DUACS system used in MyOcean.
The newsleer is presenng the following scienfic arcles: First, Font et al. present the characteriscs of the SMOS instrument, a summary of the sea surface salinity
retrieval from SMOS observaons and shows inial results obtained one year and a half a>er launch. At present there are sll several issues being addressed by the
SMOS team, mainly related to low level data processing but also to the retrieval of salinity from radiometric measurements, which prevent by now from reaching the
mission objecves in terms of salinity accuracy. However, realisc salinity maps have been obtained and will be presented. Second, Rio and Mulet carry out an independent
validaon of the different GOCE geoid models, in order to assess their accuracy and determine which one is beer suited for oceanographic applicaons and
Mean Dynamic Topography esmaon. Both the impact of the different methodologies used to compute the gravity fields as well as the contribuon of the four
months of supplementary data have been checked. Third, Dorendeu et al. present a dedicated experiment in order to esmate to which extent valuable ocean al-
metric signals can be extracted from CRYOSAT data and how this opportunity mission could be merged with exisng Envi
Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation: impacts on Antarctic climate and...Andrew Russell
Presentation given at the PAGES symposium in Chile in October 2010. (NB I gave this talk before O'Donnell et al. was published so I'd probably do it differently now.)
C1.02: The activities and Work Plan of the GOOS Physics and Climate Panel (OO...Blue Planet Symposium
The GOOS Physics and Climate Panel* coordinates requirements for the physical variables for GOOS, and also leads the climate theme, reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC), through the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).
Due to the many links that need to be made, the panel has a 5 year Work Plan (2013-2018), which is reviewed and updated annually. The Work Plan focusses on developing requirements for physics Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and ocean Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) through the development of variable specifications, the evaluation of network design to meet requirements, and the development and application of observing system performance metrics.
Where there is a need to evolve or expand the observing system, the panel conducts thematic systems based evaluations: for example, the Tropical Pacific observing system (TPOS) review, and evaluation of physics and climate aspects of the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy. Future plans and priorities include; Boundary Currents, and boundary current/shelf interactions, observations for reducing uncertainties in air sea fluxes, and observing ocean/ice interactions.
Systems based evaluations are designed to assess requirements for observations of EOVs, and assess approaches to meeting requirements with existing and emerging observing technologies. Some of these evaluations can and will lead to stand alone finite lifetime projects to oversee the transition or expansion of the observing system. For instance, a new project has been established following the TPOS review, called TPOS 2020 to oversee transition of the TPOS to become more robust, integrated and sustainable (see www.tpos2020.org).
* The GOOS Physics and Climate Panel is also known as the GCOS-GOOS-WCRP Ocean Observations panel for Physics and Climate, OOPC. See more details at www.oopc.info
Topograp hic Constraints on the Evolution and Connectivityof Titan’ s Lacustr...Sérgio Sacani
The topography provided by altimetry, synthetic aperture radar-topography, and stereoradargrammetry has opened new doors for Titan research by allowing for quantitative analysis ofmorphologic form. Using altimetry measurements, we show that Titan’s Maria are consistent with anequipotential surface but that several filled lakes are found to be hundreds of meters above this sea level,suggesting that they exist in isolated or perched basins. Within a given drainage basin, empty lake floors aretypically higher than the liquid elevation of nearby lakes/seas, suggesting local subsurface connectivity.The majority of Titan’s lakes reside in topographically closed, sharp-edged depressions whose planformcurvature suggests lateral expansion through uniform scarp retreat. Many, but not all, empty lake basinsexhibit flat floors and hectometer-scale raised rims that present a challenge to formation models. Weconclude that dissolution erosion can best match the observed constraints but that challenges remain inthe interpretation of formation processes and materials.
Session 3.12 (19Jun17)
The field scale soil moisture analysis using COSMOS-India network to explore water resource quantity and quality for water supply, agriculture and aquaculture over the Indian regions. Milind Mujumdar (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology).
Machine Learning for Non-technical Peopleindico data
Machine learning is one of the most promising and most difficult to understand fields of the modern age. Here are the slides from Slater Victoroff's (CEO of indico) talk at General Assembly Boston for non-technical folks on how to separate the signal from the noise -- stay tuned for the next time he speaks:
https://generalassemb.ly/education/machine-learning-for-non-technical-people
Earth System History, Timeline of Earth Events, Geologic History Earth Scienc...www.sciencepowerpoint.com
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE HIGH-ENERGY IRRADIATION AND WATER CONTENT OF TRAPPI...Sérgio Sacani
The ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 hosts seven Earth-size transiting planets, some of which could
harbour liquid water on their surfaces. UV observations are essential to measure their high-energy
irradiation, and to search for photodissociated water escaping from their putative atmospheres. Our
new observations of TRAPPIST-1 Ly-α line during the transit of TRAPPIST-1c show an evolution of
the star emission over three months, preventing us from assessing the presence of an extended hydrogen
exosphere. Based on the current knowledge of the stellar irradiation, we investigated the likely history
of water loss in the system. Planets b to d might still be in a runaway phase, and planets within the
orbit of TRAPPIST-1g could have lost more than 20 Earth oceans after 8 Gyr of hydrodynamic escape.
However, TRAPPIST-1e to h might have lost less than 3 Earth oceans if hydrodynamic escape stopped
once they entered the habitable zone. We caution that these estimates remain limited by the large
uncertainty on the planet masses. They likely represent upper limits on the actual water loss because
our assumptions maximize the XUV-driven escape, while photodissociation in the upper atmospheres
should be the limiting process. Late-stage outgassing could also have contributed significant amounts
of water for the outer, more massive planets after they entered the habitable zone. While our results
suggest that the outer planets are the best candidates to search for water with the JWST, they also
highlight the need for theoretical studies and complementary observations in all wavelength domains
to determine the nature of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, and their potential habitability.
Keywords: planetary systems - Stars: individual: TRAPPIST-1
The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the Young, Hot Neptune AU...Sérgio Sacani
Photoevaporation is a potential explanation for several features within exoplanet demographics. Atmospheric escape
observed in young Neptune-sized exoplanets can provide insight into and characterize which mechanisms drive this
evolution and at what times they dominate. AU Mic b is one such exoplanet, slightly larger than Neptune (4.19 R⊕).
It closely orbits a 23 Myr pre-main-sequence M dwarf with an orbital period of 8.46 days. We obtained two visits of
AU Mic b at Lyα with Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. One flare within the
first HST visit is characterized and removed from our search for a planetary transit. We present a nondetection in our
first visit, followed by the detection of escaping neutral hydrogen ahead of the planet in our second visit. The outflow
absorbed ∼30% of the star’s Lyα blue wing 2.5 hr before the planet’s white-light transit. We estimate that the
highest-velocity escaping material has a column density of 1013.96 cm−2 and is moving 61.26 km s−1 away from the
host star. AU Mic b’s large high-energy irradiation could photoionize its escaping neutral hydrogen in 44 minutes,
rendering it temporarily unobservable. Our time-variable Lyα transit ahead of AU Mic b could also be explained by
an intermediate stellar wind strength from AU Mic that shapes the escaping material into a leading tail. Future Lyα
observations of this system will confirm and characterize the unique variable nature of its Lyα transit, which,
combined with modeling, will tune the importance of stellar wind and photoionization.
Mars exploration has been guided by the search for water. The more complex quest by Mars Science
Laboratory for habitable environments should illuminate the Martian environmental history, and
possibly deliver insights into extraterrestrial life.
Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of VenusSérgio Sacani
Measurements of trace gases in planetary atmospheres help us explore chemical conditions different to those on Earth. Our
nearest neighbour, Venus, has cloud decks that are temperate but hyperacidic. Here we report the apparent presence of phosphine
(PH3) gas in Venus’s atmosphere, where any phosphorus should be in oxidized forms. Single-line millimetre-waveband
spectral detections (quality up to ~15σ) from the JCMT and ALMA telescopes have no other plausible identification. Atmospheric
PH3 at ~20 ppb abundance is inferred. The presence of PH3 is unexplained after exhaustive study of steady-state chemistry and
photochemical pathways, with no currently known abiotic production routes in Venus’s atmosphere, clouds, surface and subsurface,
or from lightning, volcanic or meteoritic delivery. PH3 could originate from unknown photochemistry or geochemistry,
or, by analogy with biological production of PH3 on Earth, from the presence of life. Other PH3 spectral features should be
sought, while in situ cloud and surface sampling could examine sources of this gas.
Magnetic field and_wind_of_kappa_ceti_towards_the_planetary_habitability_of_t...Sérgio Sacani
We report magnetic field measurements for κ
1 Cet, a proxy of the young Sun when life arose on Earth. We carry out an analysis
of the magnetic properties determined from spectropolarimetric observations and reconstruct its large-scale surface magnetic
field to derive the magnetic environment, stellar winds and particle flux permeating the interplanetary medium around κ
1 Cet.
Our results show a closer magnetosphere and mass-loss rate of M˙ = 9.7 × 10−13 M yr−1
, i.e., a factor 50 times larger than the
current solar wind mass-loss rate, resulting in a larger interaction via space weather disturbances between the stellar wind and
a hypothetical young-Earth analogue, potentially affecting the planet’s habitability. Interaction of the wind from the young Sun
with the planetary ancient magnetic field may have affected the young Earth and its life conditions.
Beyond the Drake Equation: A Time-Dependent Inventory of Habitable Planets an...Sérgio Sacani
We introduce a mathematical framework for statistical exoplanet population and astrobiology studies
that may help directing future observational efforts and experiments. The approach is based on a
set of differential equations and provides a time-dependent mapping between star formation, metal
enrichment, and the occurrence of exoplanets and potentially life-harboring worlds over the chemopopulation history of the solar neighborhood. Our results are summarized as follows: 1) the formation
of exoplanets in the solar vicinity was episodic, starting with the emergence of the thick disk about
11 Gyr ago; 2) within 100 pc from the Sun, there are as many as 11, 000 (η⊕/0.24) Earth-size planets
in the habitable zone (“temperate terrestrial planets” or TTPs) of K-type stars. The solar system is
younger than the median TTP, and was created in a star formation surge that peaked 5.5 Gyr ago and
was triggered by an external agent; 3) the metallicity modulation of the giant planet occurrence rate
results in a later typical formation time, with TTPs outnumbering giant planets at early times; 4) the
closest, life-harboring Earth-like planet would be ∼
< 20 pc away if microbial life arose as soon as it did
on Earth in ∼
> 1% of the TTPs around K stars. If simple life is abundant (fast abiogenesis), it is also
old, as it would have emerged more than 8 Gyr ago in about one third of all life-bearing planets today.
Older Earth analogs are more likely to have developed sufficiently complex life capable of altering the
environment and producing detectable oxygenic biosignatures.
Predictions of the_atmospheric_composition_of_gj_1132_bSérgio Sacani
GJ 1132 b is a nearby Earth-sized exoplanet transiting an M dwarf, and is amongst the most highly
characterizable small exoplanets currently known. In this paper we study the interaction of a magma
ocean with a water-rich atmosphere on GJ 1132b and determine that it must have begun with more
than 5 wt% initial water in order to still retain a water-based atmosphere. We also determine the
amount of O2
that can build up in the atmosphere as a result of hydrogen dissociation and loss.
We find that the magma ocean absorbs at most ∼ 10% of the O2 produced, whereas more than
90% is lost to space through hydrodynamic drag. The most common outcome for GJ 1132 b from our
simulations is a tenuous atmosphere dominated by O2
, although for very large initial water abundances
atmospheres with several thousands of bars of O2
are possible. A substantial steam envelope would
indicate either the existence of an earlier H2
envelope or low XUV flux over the system’s lifetime. A
steam atmosphere would also imply the continued existence of a magma ocean on GJ 1132 b. Further
modeling is needed to study the evolution of CO2
or N2
-rich atmospheres on GJ 1132 b.
Observation of large scale precursor correlations between cosmic rays and ear...Sérgio Sacani
The search for correlations between secondary cosmic ray detection rates and seismic
effects has long been a subject of investigation motivated by the hope of identifying a new
precursor type that could feed a global early warning system against earthquakes. Here we show
for the first time that the average variation of the cosmic ray detection rates correlates with the
global seismic activity to be observed with a time lag of approximately two weeks, and that the
significance of the effect varies with a periodicity resembling the undecenal solar cycle, with a
shift in phase of around three years, exceeding 6 𝜎 at local maxima. The precursor characteristics
of the observed correlations point to a pioneer perspective of an early warning system against
earthquakes.
Exomoons & Exorings with the Habitable Worlds Observatory I: On the Detection...Sérgio Sacani
The highest priority recommendation of the Astro2020 Decadal Survey for space-based astronomy
was the construction of an observatory capable of characterizing habitable worlds. In this paper series
we explore the detectability of and interference from exomoons and exorings serendipitously observed
with the proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) as it seeks to characterize exoplanets, starting
in this manuscript with Earth-Moon analog mutual events. Unlike transits, which only occur in systems
viewed near edge-on, shadow (i.e., solar eclipse) and lunar eclipse mutual events occur in almost every
star-planet-moon system. The cadence of these events can vary widely from ∼yearly to multiple events
per day, as was the case in our younger Earth-Moon system. Leveraging previous space-based (EPOXI)
lightcurves of a Moon transit and performance predictions from the LUVOIR-B concept, we derive
the detectability of Moon analogs with HWO. We determine that Earth-Moon analogs are detectable
with observation of ∼2-20 mutual events for systems within 10 pc, and larger moons should remain
detectable out to 20 pc. We explore the extent to which exomoon mutual events can mimic planet
features and weather. We find that HWO wavelength coverage in the near-IR, specifically in the 1.4 µm
water band where large moons can outshine their host planet, will aid in differentiating exomoon signals
from exoplanet variability. Finally, we predict that exomoons formed through collision processes akin
to our Moon are more likely to be detected in younger systems, where shorter orbital periods and
favorable geometry enhance the probability and frequency of mutual events.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
Um dos artigos da edição especial da revista Science, mostrando as alterações nas propriedades do cometa Churyumov-Gerasimenko, à medida que ele se aproxima do Sol.
Microbial habitability of Europa sustained by radioactive sources Sérgio Sacani
There is an increasing interest in the icy moons of the Solar System due to their potential habitability and as targets for future exploratory missions, which include astrobiological goals. Several studies have reported new results describing the details of these moons’ geological settings; however, there is still a lack of information regarding the deep subsurface environment of the moons. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the microbial habitability of Europa constrained by terrestrial analogue environments and sustained by radioactive energy provided by natural unstable isotopes. The geological scenarios are based on known deep environments on Earth, and the bacterial ecosystem is based on a sulfatereducing bacterial ecosystem found 2.8 km below the surface in a basin in South Africa. The results show the possibility of maintaining the modeled ecosystem based on the proposed scenarios and provides directions for future models and exploration missions for a more complete evaluation of the habitability of Europa and of icy moons in general.
Exploring Martian Magnetic Fields with a HelicopterSérgio Sacani
The era of helicopter-based surveys on Mars has already begun, creating opportunities for future aerial science
investigations with a range of instruments. We argue that magnetometer-based studies can make use of aerial
technology to answer some of the key questions regarding early Mars evolution. As such, we discuss mission
concepts for a helicopter equipped with a magnetometer on Mars, measurements it would provide, and survey
designs that could be implemented. For a range of scenarios, we build magnetization models and test how well
structures can be resolved using a range of different inversion approaches. With this work, we provide modeling
ground work and recommendations to plan the future of aerial Mars exploration.
Similar to AAS National Conference 2008: Robert Lin (20)
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
1. Bruce Jakosky, Principal Investigator University of Colorado Bob Lin, Deputy PI Univ. of California, Berkeley American Astronautical Society meeting 19 November 2008 Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mars Scout Mission
2.
3.
4. MAVEN will continue the successful “follow the water” theme. MGS, MPF, ODY, MER, MRO, MEx, now PHX, upcoming MSL, are focused largely on the history of the surface. MAVEN’s comprehensive approach will provide the history of the atmosphere as the other necessary half of the story.
9. Constraining the Total Atmospheric Loss Through Time History of Solar Activity Physical & Empirical Models Isotope Ratios Photochemical and Jeans escape Ion outflow Sputtering Solar wind pickup Ion bulk escape NGIMS IUVS
10.
11. Launch: November 18, 2013 One Year of Science Operations MAVEN Mission Architecture Ten Month Ballistic Cruise to Mars Orbit Insertion: 16 Sept 2014