The document provides information about the routine duties of cabin crew on an international flight from sign-in to sign-out. It describes the pre-flight briefing where crews meet to plan service and assign positions. It outlines pre-takeoff service duties like welcoming passengers and storing luggage. It also mentions the important safety task of properly closing and locking the aircraft door before takeoff.

1. AVIATION
A R T I YA D AV
V 4

2. ACKNOWLEGEMENT
I am very grateful for the strong support and guidance provided to me by
my Aviation teacher MRS. SONAM SAWANT, who helped me for
good knowledge about aviation industry and also helped me in
preparing this project.
I am very thankful to her for the same.

3. Fasten your seatbelt,
its going to be a bumpy journey…

4. INTRODUCTION
Indian aviation industry is one of the fastest growing
airline industries in the world. The history of indian
aviation industry started in december 1912 with its first
domestic air route between karachi and delhi. It was
opened by the indian air services in collaboration with
the UK based imperial airways as an extension of
london-karachi flight of the imperial airways. Tata sons
ltd., The first indian airline, started a regular airmail
service between karachi and madras three years later
without any backing from the indian government.

5. DESCRIBE THE
CURRENT
SCENARIO AND
CURRENT
UPDATES
AFFAIRS IN
AVIATION
INDUSTRY

6. CURRENT SCENARIO
The Indian Aviation Industry is currently one of the fastest growing
aviation industries in the world. The aviation industry in India has a
compound annual growth rate of 18%. There are 454 airports and
airstrips in India, of which 16 are designated as international
airports. As of May 2006, private airlines accounted for more than
75% of the sector of the domestic aviation market.
With an increase in traffic movement during December 2009 the
Indian aviation sector saw an increase in revenue by almost US$
21.4 million. Moreover, the Airport Authority of India seems set to
accrue better margins in near future as per the latest estimates
released by Ministry of Civil Aviation. The better returns so
mentioned are being primarily attributed to increase in the share of
revenue from Delhi International Airport Limited and Mumbai
International Airport Limited.

7. CURRENT AFFAIRS
 India Becomes 3rd Largest Aviation Market in Domestic Traffic: Report
India has become the third largest aviation market in terms of domestic passenger traffic, beating Japan, an industry
report has said.
 Notice Period Norms for Pilots May hit Expansion Plans of Carriers: CAPA
The new rules, put in place by the aviation regulator last week, make it mandatory for commanding pilots to serve at
least one year notice period if they want to quit and join another airline.
 In Conversation With Alex Fecteau, Director of Marketing, Boeing Business Jets
We got in touch with Captain Alex Fecteau, Director of Marketing, Boeing Business Jets on the sideline of the 2017
Dubai Airshow to know more about the Boeing 737 Max 8.
 Airbus Overtakes Boeing in Aircraft Orders, Says Could Halt A380 Programme
Airbus said it booked a total 1,109 aircraft orders and a record 718 deliveries in 2017.
 Emirates Group to Support AP in Aviation Infrastructure
Under the agreement, the Emirates Group will share industry expertise and identify development and investment
opportunities in Andhra Pradesh, a company release said.

8. COCKPIT
A cockpit or flight deck
is the area, usually near
the front of an aircraft
or spacecraft, from
which a pilot controls
the aircraft. Most
modern cockpits are
enclosed, except on
some small aircraft.

9. CARGO
Usually provided on the
underside of the aircraft
for the passenger
baggage and freight.

10. INTERIOR PART AND FUNCTION
 AISLE: A passage between two sections of seats, comprising of horizontally placed rows that is located from
the nose to tail of the aircraft without any obstruction.
 BULKHEAD (PARTITION): A bulkhead is an upright wall within the hull of a ship or within the fuselage of
an aeroplane.
 Other kinds of partition elements within a ship are decks and deckheads.
 DOGHOUSE: An aircraft refers to the capabilities of a design in terms of airspeed and load factor or altitude.
 OVERHEAD BIN: The overhead bins are used for stowing carry-on baggage and other items. While the
airliner manufacturer will normally specify a standard version of the product to supply, airlines can choose
to have bins of differing size, shape, or color installed.
 EMERGENCY EXITS: Doors & Windows Used Specially In Case Of Emergency Besides Being Used As Normal
Exits.
 GALLEY: The Kitchen Of The Aircraft Is Called The Galley.
 LAVETORY: All Lavetory Are Similar In Design, Though Size And Contour May Very Depending On Its
Location.

15. EXTERIOR PART AND FUNCTION OF AIRCRAFT
 AILERONS: ailerons are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing of a
fixed-wing aircraft. The ailerons are used to control the aircraft in roll.
 RUDDER: A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer
a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other conveyance that moves through
a fluid medium (generally air or water).
 HORIZONTAL STABILISER: A tailplane, also known as a horizontal stabiliser, is a
small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of
a fixed-wing aircraft as well as other non-fixed-wing aircraft such
as helicopters and gyroplanes.
 UNDERCARRIAGE: Undercarriage is the part of a moving vehicle that is underneath the main
body of the vehicle. IT also has the mechanism to reduce and absorb the shock of landing to
acceptable limits.
 SPOILER: Spoilers are small, hinged, plates on the top portion of wings. Spoilers can be used
to slow an aircraft, or to make an aircraft descend, if they are deployed on both wings. Spoiler
can also be used to generate a rolling motion for an aircraft, if they are deployed on only one

19. SLIDE RAFT
Airlines impose further
challenges: Slides must
be light and compact
enough to fit inside
an aircraft door or
below the door sill or
emergency exit window.

20. CABIN
INTERCOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
CIDS (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) is the
core digital cabin management system used in all
Airbus aircraft. The system controls and displays cabin
functions for passengers and crew. This includes cabin
lighting, cockpit/cabin announcements, door status
indication, emergency signals, non-smoking/fasten
seatbelt signs, smoke detectors, cabin temperature,
water/waste tank capacity and various other cabin
functions, some of which are safety critical. The system
consists of a central computer, the director, the
director interface board, one or more flight attendant
panels and a data network for audio transmission in
the cabin. However, each air transportation carrier sets
specific needs and requirements for the CIDS
configuration and thus, flexibility was a key feature for
the software design.

21. PASSENGER
SERVICE
UNIT
A passenger service unit (PSU) is an
aircraft component situated above
each row in the overhead panel
above the passenger seats in
the cabin of airliners. Among other
things, a PSU contains reading
lights, loudspeakers, illuminated
signs, air condition vents, and
automatically deployed oxygen
masks.

22. JUMP SEAT
A jump seat (or jumpseat), in
aviation refers to an auxiliary seat
for individuals—other than normal
passengers—who are not operating
the aircraft.[1] In general, the term
'jump seat' can also refer to a seat in
any type of vehicle which can fold up
out of the way; vehicles include
carriages, automobiles, vans, buses,
fire tenders, and taxicabs. The term
originated in the United States c.
1860 for a movable carriage seat.

23. ÈMBARKATION
AND
DISEMBARCATION

24. PROCEDURE OF EMBARKATION
 First the passenger enters the airport and proceed to the
ticket counter.
 Ground staff executive will check in the passenger baggage
and tags the slip to boarding pass.
 If the passenger have any excess baggage they need to pay
extra amount according to the airline fares.
 If it is domestic destination, passenger need not to go
through the customs and immigration check.
 If it is international the passenger need to go through the
customs and immigration check.
 After customs and immigration the passenger proceed to
security check.
 Then the passenger boards the aircraft.

25. PROCEDURE OF
DISEMBARKATION
 FOR DOMESTIC PASSENGER
DISEMBARKATION, THEY DIRECTLY PROCEED
TO BAGGAGE COUNTER AND COLLECTS
THEIR BAGGAGE.
 AND THEY LEAVE THE AIRPORT.
 INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER COLLECTS THE
DIEMBARKATION FORM FROM CREW ON
BOARD.
 THEN THEY PROCEED TO CUSTOMS AND
IMMIGRATION CHECK.
 AFTER CUSTOMS AND IMMIGRATION THEY
PROCEED TO BAGGAGE COUNTER TO
COLLECT.
 AND THEY LEAVE THE AIRPORT.

26. UNM PASSENGER
A passenger who is below the
age of 18 travelling alone is
classified as unaccompanied
minor(unm).

27. VIP/VVIP’S
These passengers are boarded last and deplaned
first at the destination. Very often extra security
accompanies the flights in which these
passengers are travelling.
Special menu, extra crew are sometime provided
on these flights.
The passengers who fall into these categories
are:
-President & head of state of countries.
-Prime ministers & heads of government.
-Vice-president.
-Royal visitors & members of royal families.
-Governors of states & cabinet ministers.

28. MOTHER WITH
INFANT
They are usually seated on the carrycot seats. The
carrycot/bassinet should be placed soon after take-
off & removed when the aircraft starts its descent
to the destination.
The infant should be on the mother’s lap during
take-off & landing. They should also be advised to
feed the infant at this time & put cotton in the
infant’s ear to prevent pressure distress.
Extra amenities like napkins , disposable diapers,
feeding bottles, baby food should be offered.
Just before the meal service commences, the
mother should be asked when she would like her
meal . more often than not, they eat later when
the cabin crew can look after the infant whilst they
eat. In such cases their choice of meal should be
kept separate.

29. PREGNANT
WOMEN
If you are 28 weeks pregnant or
more, you will be required to
carry a letter from your doctor or
midwife, dated no more than 10
days prior to travel, outlining the
estimated due date, single or
multiple pregnancies, the
absence of complications, and
your fitness to fly for the
duration of the flight(s) booked.

30. DEPORTEE
A person with invalid
immigration
documents or one
who is being sent back
to his country of origin
of some legal/security
matters.

31. WHEELCHAIR
PASSENEGER
Few Passengers Need That Extra Attention As They Are
Physically Handicapped Or Are Suffering From Or
Recovering From A Serious Illness, In Such Case :
The Passenger Is Boarded First & Deplaned Last. Often
Classified As A “Wheelchair” Passenger On The PIL, He /
She Is Handed Over To The Crew In Whose Zone He / She
Is Seated.
Seriously Ill Passengers Are Often Accompanied By A
Relative Or A Medical Personnel Like A Doctor Or A Nurse.
They Are Seated Close To The Toilet. Many Airlines Have A
Specially Designated ‘Handicap Toilet’-one That Is
Designed With Extra Amenities To Help Such Passengers.
Their Diet Should Be Checked As Soon As Possible As Very
Often They Have A Special Diet Uplifted That Has To Be
Served To Them Before The Order Passengers In The Zone.
They Should Be Given Full Assistance The Flight Till They
Deplane From The Aircraft.

32. BLIND
PASSENGER
A trained dog may be carried in
the cabin in-case A passenger
who is dependent upon it.
The dog has to properly
harnessed, restrained and
muzzled.
Blind passenger along with dog
or with any other assistance will
board first and deplaned last.

33. EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENT
USED IN
EMERGENCY

34. SMOKE
HOOD
A smoke hood is a
protective device
similar in concept to a
gas mask.
Smoke hoods are
intended to protect
victims of fire from
the effects of smoke
inhalation.

35. OXYGEN
BOTTLE
Oxygen May Be Classified as
an element, a gas ,and a
drug.
Oxygen therapy is the
administration of oxygen at
concentrations greater than
that in room air to treat or
prevent hypoxemia [not
enough of oxygen in the
blood].

36. FIRE AXE
Fire Axes are provided to obtain
emergency access to areas and parts
roof the airplane which are not
easily accessible.
The handle is insulated to protect
against electrical shock.
In the past, fire axes might be found
in the flight deck and in the
passengers cabin but on most
carriers, in compliance with anti
terrorism regulations and
procedures, axes are no longer
carried in the passenger/cargo
compartment.

37. ASBESTOS
GLOVES
These Gauntlet-type Gloves Are
Kept In The Flight Deck And/ Or
In The Cabin To Protect The User
Against Heat/Fire.
They Can Also Be Used To
Handle Hot Or Sharp Objects.
Furthermore They Will Provide
Protection From Evaporative
Cooling At The Portable Fire
Extinguisher Nozzle During
Discharge.

38. FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
A Smoke Hood Is A Protective
Device Similar In Concept To A
Gas Mask.
A Translucent Airtight Bag Seals
Around The Head Of The Wearer
While An Air Filter Held In The
Mouth Connected To The Outside
Atmosphere And Is Used To
Breath.
Smoke Hoods Are Intended To
Protect Victims Of Fire From The
Effects Of Smoke Inhalation.

39. OXYGEN
MASK
Placed In Overhead Cabins To
Manipulate Decompression
In The Cabin For Every
Passengers.

40. MEGA
PHONE
Hand Held Loudspeakers
Used By Crew To Enable
Them To Directly Emergency
Evacuation Procedure By
Being Heard Over Various
Sounds Associated With The
Emergency.

41. ELT
The issue. ELTs are
emergency transmitters that
are carried aboard most
general aviation aircraft in
the U.S. In the event of
an aircraft accident, these
devices are designed to
transmit a distress signal on
121.5, 243.0-megahertz
frequencies (and for
newer ELTs, on 406 MHz).

42. LIFE
JACKET
Sleeveless buoyant or
inflatable jacket for keeping a
person afloat in water. Its
emergency time or crashed
aircraft.

43. DANGEROUS GOODS
 Dangerous Goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living
organisms, property, or the environment.
 DANGEROUS GOODS are articles or substances which are capable of posing a
risk to health, safety, property or the environment.
 Dangerous Goods by air are classified according to the Dangerous Goods
Regulations.
 Dangerous Good include material that are radioactive flammable, explosive,
corrosive, oxidizing.
 Also included all physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or
hot material.

44. DANGEROUS GOODS

45. DESCRIPTION
OF A CABIN
CREW
ROUTINE FOR
INTERNATION
AL FLIGHT
FROM SIGN IN
TIME UNTIL
SIGN OUT

46. THE PRE-FLIGHT BRIEFING
You need to report for duty
approximately 2 hours before flight to
have enough time for preparation
before it is time to meet your
passengers whether its 12 in the
afternoon or 3 in the morning.
The pre flight briefing is the first
meeting time for all crews working on a
specific flight.
The team gathers for a 1 hour briefing
in which the purser (in flight supervisor)
plan the in flight service, sets the
expectations and assigns the working
positions for each cabin crew.

47. THE PRE TAKE-OFF SERVICE
Service between boarding and take-off is
called pre take-off service.
You will be standing in the cabin
welcoming passengers on board and helping
them to locate their seats and store their
cabin baggage quickly to maintain a smooth
flow for all passengers boarding.
Don’t lift the passenger bag you barely
touch the bag with two fingers.
Boarding completed.

48. CLOSING THE DOOR
Hold the door assist handle on the door
frame.
Press the gust lock on the door support
arm to unlock the door.
Check the door area is clear.
Slide the door rearwards until it is in
front of the doorframe, then pull the door
inwards and lower the door control
handle for Airbus/rotate in anti clock
wise for Boeing and make sure that the
door is locked properly.
Arm the door in to evacuate slide raft
emergency mishap.

49. TAKE-OFF
It is vital that flight attendants remain aware as the
majority of emergencies occur during takeoff.
Informing the passengers of the aircraft safety
procedures and ensuring that all hand luggage is
securely stored.
The cockpit crew assigns a seat belt sign in
passenger service unit to wear seat belts during
take-off.
Cabin crew should inform all passengers to wear
seat belts and make sure that they have done it.
Remind the passengers not to wake up or not to
remove seat belts during take-off.

50. AT CRUISING
Serving meals and refreshments to
passengers.
Regular cockpit checks must be done to
ensure the pilot’s health and safety.
They must also respond to call lights dealing
with special requests.
During turbulence, flight attendants must
ensure the cabin is secure.
Prior to landing all loose items, trays and
rubbish must be collected and secured along
with service and gallery equipment.
All hot liquids must be disposed of.

51. BEFORE LANDING
An Disembarkation form is handed over to all
the passengers for filling the details for
immigration check.
Cabin crew should also fill the disembarkation
form before landing and a final cabin check
must then be completed prior to landing.
They also assist any special needs passengers
and small children off the aircraft to escort
children, while following the proper
paperwork picking them up.
Giving first aid to passengers disembarks
safely at the end of a flight and checking that
there is no luggage left in the overhead
lockers.

52. AFTER LANDING
Upon landing, flight attendants
must remain stationed at exits and
monitor the aircraft and cabin as
passengers disembark the plane.
Completing paperwork, including
writing a flight report and sign out.

53. DESCRIBE &
COMPARE
BOEING 747
& AIRBUS
A380

54. BOEING
747
 ENGINES: FOUR GENX-2B67 TURBOFANS
 TYPICAL CRUISING SPEED : MACH
0.855[855KM/H]
 RANGE: 14,815KM [8,000NM]
 MAX TAKE-OFF WEIGHT : 435,456 KG [960,000lb]
 WINGSPAN: 68.5M [224FT 9 INCH]
 LENGTH : 74.2M [249FT 6 INCH]
 PASSENGERS IN TYPICAL THREE- CLASS
CONFIGURATION
 COST: ABOUT $205 MILLION

55. BOEING 747

56. AIR BUS
A-380
 Engines : Four Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofans or four
general Electric /pratt & whitney GP-7200 turbofans
 Typical Cruising Speed : Mach 0.85 (850 km/h)
 Range : 14,800 km (8,000 nm)
 Max Takeoff Weight : 560,000 kg (1,234,600 lb)
 Wingspan : 79.8m (261 ft 10 in)
 Length : 72.75m (238 ft 8 in)
 Passengers Seating : 555 Passengers On Decks In A
Three Class Arrangement, And Up To 800 Passengers
In A One0 Class Arrangement
 Cost : About $250 Million US

57. AIR BUS A-380

58. BOEING747
VSAIRBUS
A380
 Airbus and Boeing are the two giants when it comes to manufacturing
commercial airplanes.
 The A380 is the latest and biggest plane from Airbus while the 747 has
been Boeing’s flagship for quite some time.
 The biggest difference between the two is size as the A380 is certainly
much bigger than the 747.
 The Airbus A380 has a wingspan that is 15m longer to that of the 747.
 It is also about 50% heavier than the 747 even when empty.
 The size of the A380 is such that many airport runways are not
equipped to accommodate the huge planes and had to undergo major
renovations to make them fit.
 The major contributor to the A380’s considerable size is its 2nd deck,
which extends the full length of the entire plane.
 The 747 is also a double decker but its 2nd deck is just very short.
 The 747’s characteristic bulge at the front of the plane is the extent of
its 2nd deck.
 Because of the full length of the A380’s deck, it can accommodate way
more passengers than the 747 without extending its length by much.

59. BOEING747 VS
AIRBUS A380

60. BOEING747
VS AIRBUS
A380
 Even though the A380 is just over 2 meters longer than the 747, it can
accommodate 33% more passengers in the usual 3 class seating or up to
50% more in an all economy seating.
 In order to get that much weight into the air, the A380 needs a lot more
thrust than the 747.
 Each of the A380’s four engines can put out at least 80,000lbs of thrust
while the 747’s engines only put out somewhere around 60,000lbs of
thrust.
 But all in all, the A380 still manages to be more efficient and less costly
per passenger and would be perfect in high traffic routes like major cities
and regional hubs.
 Other areas may not benefit from having an A380 or may even lose profit
because of it.
 As the 747 has been in production for four decades, it is no secret that it
has gone through many revisions and has many variants aside from the
typical passenger and cargo models.
 Non-commercial variants include VIP transport, with Air Force One being
the most popular, Shuttle carrier, and as an aerial fire fighter among
others.
 The A380, being fairly new, only has passenger and cargo models at the

61. BOEING747 VS
AIRBUS A380

62. CASE STUDY
ACTUAL
MISHAP OF
AN AIR
CRASH

63. SIOUX CITY | UNITED
AIRLINES FLIGHT 232

64. UPGRADE: ENGINE SAFETY
IMPROVEMENTS

65. SIOUX CITY | UNITED AIRLINES FLIGHT 232
United airlines flight 232 was en route from denver to chicago, when the engine in the tail of the DC-10
suffered engine failure, severing the plane's hydraulic lines and rendering the plane virtually uncontrollable.
What followed for 296 people aboard was a horrific ordeal as the captain, alfred haynes, struggled to land at a
nearby airport. As it crash landed, the widebody craft cartwheeled off the runway and caught fire, and it was
considered something of a miracle that 185 of those aboard survived.
The ntsb later determined that the accident was caused by a failure by mechanics to detect a crack in the fan
disk that ultimately was traced back to the initial manufacture of the titanium alloy material. The accident led
the FAA to order modification of the dc-10s hydraulic system (the DC-10 was already being phased out by
many airlines) and to require redundant safety systems in all future aircraft, and it changed the way engine
inspections are performed.

66. CONCLUSION
I would like to conduct by saying that through this task I have
learnt meant things. This is because of the guidance of my
beloved mam MRS. SONAM SAWANT. Through her
guidance and my hard work today I am able to present this
task.

67. THANK YOU