The document provides details about an aviation assignment submitted in 2018. It includes an introduction to aviation history and 5 tasks related to aviation: Task 1 discusses the current scenario and growth of India's aviation industry, key investments, and government initiatives to support the industry. Task 2 describes the embarkation and disembarkation processes, as well as special handling procedures for different passenger types. Task 3 analyzes emergency equipment onboard aircraft such as oxygen masks, life jackets, fire extinguishers, and their usage. Task 4 outlines the pre-flight briefing process for cabin crew and their responsibilities during take-off, cruise, landing, and after landing. Task 5 is not summarized as it

1. Submitted By – Mohammad Rahil
Submitted To - Ms. Snehal Jade
Batch - C3
Centre - Nagpur
Year - 2018

2. INTRODUCTION
 Aviation began in the 18th century with the
development of the hot air balloon, an apparatus
capable of atmospheric displacement through
buoyancy.
 Some of the most significant advancements in
aviation technology came with the controlled gliding
flying of Otto Lilienthal in 1896
 Then a large step in significance came with the
construction of the first powered airplane by the
Wright brothers in the early 1900s.
 Since that time, aviation has been technologically
revolutionized by the introduction of the Jet which
permitted a major form of transport throughout the
world.

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend my gratitude towards
Frankfinn Institute for providing me such a
great opportunity. I would also like to
thanks my faculty Ms Snehal Jade for her
guidance and help in completion of this
assignment successfully.

4. INDEX
Content Page no.
1. Task 1 5 – 28
2. Task 2 29 – 41
3. Task 3 42 – 54
4. Task 4 55 – 62
5. Task 5 63 – 66

5. TASK-1

6. Current Scenario of Aviation industry
 The civil aviation industry in India has emerged as
one of the fastest growing industries in the country
during the last three years.
 India is currently considered the third largest
domestic civil aviation market in the world. India is
expected to become the world’s largest domestic
civil aviation market in the next 10 to 15 years, as
per Mr Jayant Sinha, Union Minister of State for
Civil Aviation, Government of India.
 According to International Air Transport
Association IATA, India will displace the UK for the
third place in 2025.

7.  Air traffic in India rose 15.80 per cent year-on-year to 280.24 million
during April-February 2017-18. Witnessing a growth of 18.50 per
cent over the previous year, total passenger traffic stood at a 264.97
million in FY17. India’s passenger traffic grew 15.80 per cent y-o-y to
280.24 million during April-February 2017-18.
 As of March 2018, there are nearly 550 commercial aircraft in
operation in India

8. Key investments and developments in
India’s aviation industry include:
 AAI is going to invest Rs 15,000 crore (US$ 2.32 billion) in
2018-19 for expanding existing terminals and constructing
15 new ones.
 The Airports Authority of India (AAI) will undertake new
development works at Lucknow, Deoghar, Rajkot and
Allahabad airports.
 The objective is to improve and develop airport
infrastructure to meet growing traffic demands. AAI plans to
construct new integrated passenger terminal building at
Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, Lucknow at
an estimated cost of Rs. 1,230 crore (US$ 190.65 million).
The new terminal will be able to handle 4000 passengers
during peak hour and 6.35 million passengers per annum.

9. Government Initiatives
 Allocation to Civil Aviation Ministry has been tripled to Rs 6,602.86
crore (US$ 1,019.9 million) under Union Budget 2018-19.
 In February 2018, the Prime Minister of India launched the
construction of Navi Mumbai airport which is expected to be built at
a cost of US$ 2.58 billion. The first phase of the airport will be
completed by end of 2019.
 Under the second round of Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS 2)
the government has awarded 325 routes to airlines as well as
helicopter operators with the objective of enhancing flight services
to hilly and remote areas.
 Constructing 17 highways-cum-airstrips are the government's
priorities and it will start work on them this year
 Airport building and modernization projects worth over Rs 19,300
crore (US$ 2.99 billion) have been recommended green clearance

10. TASK – 1

11. 1. COCKPIT
The forward section of aircraft where pilots sits during
flight and aircraft control are situated

12. 2. CARGO
Usually provided on the underside of the aircraft
storage of passenger baggage & freight

13. 3. EXTERIOR PART
1. NOSE GEAR
2. MAIN GEAR
3. WINGLET
4. RUDDER
5. ELEVATOR

14. 3.1 Nose gear
For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it
is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi
without damage.

15. 3.2 Main gear
The main landing gear situated underneath allowing it
to take off, land, and also absorb the shock of landing.

16. 3.3 Winglet
Extended portion of the wing, curving upwards, that
helps in increasing lift during takeoff and landing

17. 3.4 Rudder
The movable vertical section of the tail, installed on the
trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer, which controls the
yawing motion of aircraft

18. 3.5 Elevator
The control surface, usually on the trailing edge of
horizontal stabilizer which is used for nose up down
movement

19. 4. INTERIOR PART
1. CABIN
2. WHEEL WELL
3. BULKHEAD
4. BABY BASSINET
5. OVERHEAD BINS

20. 4.1 Cabin
The portion of enclosed airplane intended for
transporting passengers or freight

21. 4.2 Wheel well
The portion of the belly/cargo hold of an aircraft that
hold the landing gear once it is folded during flight

22. 4.3 Bulkhead
Partitions or walls in the fuselage to make
compartments for different purpose

23. 4.4 Baby bassinet
A small foldable bed for babies on board which can be
hooked in slots on the bulkhead facing the first row of
seat in every zone

24. 4.5 Overhead bins
Medium sized compartments placed along the
sidewall/ceiling of aircraft, fitted with door, meant for
stowage of hand baggage of passanger

25. 5. SLIDE RAFT
A slide/raft is an evacuation slide that can be used both
as a means of escape in a land evacuation and as a life
raft in a landing on water.

26. 6. CABIN INTER COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
The phone network on board consisting of handsets in
the flight deck, near every door, flight attendant station &
crew rest area.

27. 7. PASSENGER SERVICE UNIT
An overhead or armrest unit which consists of various
features like air vent, reading lights, attendant calling
button, speakers and signs.

28. 8. JUMP SEAT
The seats for crew members, located near floor level exits. Spring
loaded & folded when not in use. It consists of 4 point restrain
harness with inertia lock and quick release mechanism

29. TASK – 2

30. EMBARKATION PROCESS
 First passenger enters the airport and proceed
to check-in counter
 Ground staff executive will check in the
passenger baggage and tags the slip to
boarding pass
 If passenger have any excess baggage, they
need to pay extra amount according to the
airline fares
 If it is domestic destination, passenger need not
to go through the customs and immigration
check.
 After customs and immigration the passenger
proceeds to security check
 Then passenger boards the aircraft.

31. DISEMBARKATION
PROCESSDomestic:
 Passenger directly proceed to baggage counter
and collects their baggage
 Then they leave the airport
International:
 Passenger collects the disembarkation form from
crew on board
 Then they proceed to customs and immigration
check
 After customs and immigration they proceed to
baggage counter
 Then they leave the airport

32. SPECIAL HANDLING PASSENGER
1. UNMR
2. VVIP
3. Expectant Mother
4. Mother with infant
5. Deportee
6. WCHR passenger
7. Blind passenger

33. 1. UNMR
 Passenger whose age is less
than 18 and travelling alone
 The passenger is boarded
first and deplaned last
 Emergency procedures such
as fastening of seatbelt,
usage of oxygen mask are
told
 Seat of UNMR is situated
near the galley.

34. UNMR FORM

35. 2. VVIP
 These passengers
are boarded last and
deplaned first
 Very often extra
security accompany
the flights in which
they travel

36. 3. EXPECTANT MOTHER
 Women beyond the 28th
week of pregnancy are
not allowed to fly.
 If so doctors certificate is
required for passenger
to cover airlines
responsibility
 Emergency procedures
such as fastening of
seatbelt are
demonstrated to them
 They are also advised to
deplane last

37. 4. MOTHER WITH INFANT
 They are usually
seated near the
carrycot seats
 The infant should be
in mothers lap
during take-off and
landing
 These passengers
are boarded and
deplaned as per
their convenience

38. 5. DEPORTEE
 The person with
invalid immigration
documents or one
who is sent back to
his/her country
 They are boarded last
and deplaned last
 They are generally
seated near galley so
that cabin crew can
observe them

39. DEPORTATION ORDER

40. 6. WCHR PASSENGER
 Wheel chair
passenger
 They are boarded
first and deplaned
last.
 They are seated
close to the toilet
 They must be given
full assistance till on
board

41. 7. BLIND PASSENGER
 A trained dog may be
carried in cabin if
passenger is
dependent on it
 The dog must be
properly harnessed,
restrained and
muzzled.
 Blind passenger will
be boarded first and
deplaned last

42. TASK – 3

43. EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENTS
1. Smoke hood
2. Oxygen bottle
3. Fire axe
4. Asbestos gloves
5. Fire extinguisher
6. Oxygen mask
7. Mega phone
8. ELT
9. Life jacket

44. 1. SMOKE HOOD
 Smoke hood is a
protective device
similar in concept
with gas mask
 A smoke hood is
intended to protect
victims of fire and
effects of smoke
inhalation

45. 2. OXYGEN BOTTLE
 This are pure oxygen
cylinders kept in cabin
 Used by one having
breathing problem
and during emergency
 Take bottle, remove
cap, connect mask
and start the oxygen
flow

46. 3. FIRE AXE
 These are provided
to obtain emergency
access to areas and
parts of plane which
are not easily
accessible.
 The handle is
insulated to prevent
against electrical
shocks

47. 4. ASBESTOS GLOVES
 It is an insulated
glove usually used
to protect the
wearer’s hand from
hot things like oven,
cookware, fire etc.

48. 5. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 These are used to
overcome the fire in
flight. They are of
two types:
 Halon
 Water
 It is used to
extinguish small fire
in the aircraft

49. 6. OXYGEN MASK
 Placed in the
overhead PSU in
the cabin
 Present for each
passenger
 Gets deployed
automatically in the
condition of cabin
decompression

50. 7. MEGA PHONE
 Hand held
loudspeakers used
by crew to enable
them to direct
emergency
evacuation process

51. 8. ELT
 Emergency locator
transmitters (ELTs) are
small, battery-powered
devices that broadcast a
distinct sound on a
dedicated emergency
frequency
 newer models broadcast
on 406 MHz. A group of
dedicated officials listen for
signals, which are
captured by satellites and
then sent to a command
center

52. 9. LIFE JACKET
 Automatically
inflating vests,
placed under each
passenger’s seat.
 Used for floatation
on water during
ditching.
 Also available in
smaller size for
infants

53. Analysing Emergency Equipments
Name of Equipment Parts of the
Equipment
Pre-flight checks
of the equipment
Usage of the
equipment
1. Smoke Hood Mask Check the correct
location
To protect the person
from inhaling fire
smoke
2. Oxygen Bottle Cylinder, mask,
pipe, elastic
band
Correct location,
gauge needle in
red zone
To be used when
someone is not able to
breath or during
decompression
3. Fire Axe Handle, hook
blade
Correct location in
the cockpit and
with straps
To reach inaccessible
areas easily during
emergency
4. Asbestos Gloves Correct location To touch something hot
during fire
5. Oxygen Mask Gas pipe, mask,
elastic band
During decompression
for breathing

54. Analysing Emergency Equipments
Name of
Equipment
Parts of the
Equipment
Pre-flight checks of
the equipment
Usage of the
equipment
6. Fire Extinguisher Red tank, safety
pin, handle,
nozzle
Correct location
secured with straps,
needle pressure in
the green band
Extinguish small
fire inside aircraft
7. Mega Phone Push to talk
button, sling,
handle, speaker,
battery
Check correct
location and push to
talk button
Used for loud &
clear evacuation
instructions during
emergency
8. ELT Antenna, plastic
cover, battery
Check for right
location secured with
straps
To send search
signals during
ditching or crash
landing
9. Life Jacket Red toggle,
inflation tubes,
straps around
waist
Under each and
every seats of
passenger
Used in case of
ditching

55. TASK – 4

56. THE PRE FLIGHT
BRIEFING
 Report for duty approximately 2 hours before flight
to have enough time for preparation before
meeting your passengers regardless of time.
 The pre flight briefing is the first meeting time for
all crews working on a specific flight.
 The team gathers for a 1 hours briefing in which
the purser plan the in flight service ,sets the
expectation and assigns the working positions for
each cabin crew.

57. THE PRE TAKE – OFF
SERVICE
 Service between boarding and take off is called
pre take off service .
 You will be standing in the cabin welcoming
passengers on board and helping them to locate
their senate and store their cabin baggage quickly
to maintain a smooth flow for all passengers
boarding .
 Don’t lift the passenger bag you barely touch the
bag with two fingers .
 Boarding completed.

58. CLOSING THE DOOR
 Hold the door assist handle on the door frame.
Press the gust lock on the door support arm to
unlock the door .
 Check the door area is clear.
 Slide the door rearwards until it is front of the
doorframe then pull the door inwards and lower
the door control handle for airbus in anti clock wise
for Boeing and make sure that the door is locked
properly.
 Arm the door in to evacuate slide raft emergency
mishap.

59. TAKE OFF
 It is vital that flight attendants remain aware as the
majority of emergencies occur during takeoff.
 Informing the passengers of the aircraft safety
procedures and ensuring that all hand luggage is
security stored.
 The cockpit crew assigns a seat belt in passengers
service unit to wear seat belts during take off.
 Cabin crew should inform all passengers to wear seat
belt and make sure that they have done it.
 Remind the passengers not to get up or not to remove
seat belts during take off.

60. AT CRUISING
 Serving meals and refreshments to passengers regular
cockpit checks must be done to ensure the pilots health and
safety
 They must also respond to call lights dealing with special
request.
 During turbulence flight attendants must ensure the cabin is
secure.
 Prior to landing all loose items trays and rubbish must be
collected and secured along with service and gallery
equipment .
 All hot liquids must be disposed of .

61. BEFORE LANDING
 An disembarkation form is handed over to all the
passengers for filling the details for immigration check.
 Cabin crew should also fill the disembarkation form before
landing and a final cabin check must then be completed
prior to landing.
 They also assist any special while following needs
passengers and small children off the aircraft to escort
children , while following the proper paperwork picking
then up.
 Giving first aid to passengers disembarkation safety at the
end of a flight and checking that there is no luggage left in
the overhead lockers .

62. AFTER LANDING
 Upon landing flight attendants must remain stationed at
exits and monitor the aircraft and cabin as passengers
disembark the plane .
 Completing paperwork including writing a flight report
and sign out.

63. TASK – 5

64. SIZE COMPARISION ON
RUNWAY
AIRBUS
A380
BOEING 747

65. TECH SPECS

66. COMPARISION
PARTICULARS BOIENG 747 AIRBUS A380
Engine
Four GenX 2B67
Turbofans
FOUR RILLS ROYCE
TRENT 900 turbofans
or four general electric
& Whitney GP -7200
turbofan
Typical Cruising
Speed
Mach 0.855 Mach 0.855
Range 13,450 KM 15,000 KM
Max. Take-off Weight 4,35,456 KG 56,0,000 KG
Cost About $205 Million About $250 Million

67. CONCLUSION
From this assignment I got to know a lot
of things about an aircraft. Like various
parts of aircraft, internal as well as
external parts and also about the
emergency equipments, how they are
used and checked before aircraft takes-
off.
All these are very useful information
which can be used in practical life.

68. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Frankfinn Aviation module
 www.google.com
 www.wikipidea.com
 www.slideshare.net