The document provides an introduction to aviation terminology and glossary for flight attendants. It aims to teach common aviation terms so they can understand communications during their career. It defines the phonetic alphabet, lists many abbreviations used in aviation, and provides explanations of over 20 aviation terms and definitions to familiarize flight attendants with key industry language.
Describes the following terms with examples
- ASM (Available Seat Miles)
- RPM (Revenue Passenger Miles)
- PLF (Passenger Load Factor)
There is also an exercise at the end to test the reader's knowledge
This is a presentation I put together to illustrate the policies and procedures one should complete in order to make a successful flight from a cabin perspective.
Flight itinerary planning involves arranging cities in the desired sequence of a trip from origin to destination, following three basic rules: avoid crisscrossing, backtracking, and using fewer carriers. There are four types of flights: non-stop between two cities without stops, direct with a stop but no plane change, connecting with a plane change, and changing equipment/gauge with a plane change between the same aircraft type. Flight itineraries can be one-way, round-trip, open-jaw with different origin/destination points, or circle with multiple extended stopovers returning to the origin city.
There are three main types of commercial aircraft: passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, and combi aircraft which carries both passengers and cargo. Commercial passenger aircraft contain amenities like restrooms, a galley for food preparation, and entertainment systems. They are divided into classes like first class, business class, and economy class. Cargo aircraft are freighters that carry only cargo, while combi aircraft split the aircraft in half with passengers in one side and cargo on the other. Aircraft are also classified based on features such as number of engines, range, and size/payload capacity.
This document defines many common aviation terms used in the airline industry. It explains terms related to different areas of an airport and roles of people who work there, such as air traffic controllers, flight attendants, and baggage handlers. Abbreviations used in airline operations and different types of in-flight meals are also defined. Being familiar with these industry terms is important for anyone working in air transportation.
S. Devendra Reddy introduces himself as a student in the D2 batch of the Frankfinn Institute of Airhostess Training in Vizag, India. He thanks his aviation trainer, Mrs. Shikha Kaul, for helping him develop knowledge about aviation and thanks the Frankfinn Institute for providing a quality education. The document then outlines the key responsibilities of flight attendants which include ensuring passenger safety, conducting safety checks, providing emergency instructions, serving food and beverages, and administering first aid if needed. It also includes descriptions of aircraft interiors like the cockpit, cabin, lavatory, and galley as well as external parts such as the wings, fuselage, tail, and landing
This document discusses the history and evolution of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training in the airline industry. It began in 1979 when NASA discovered many aviation accidents were caused by issues like poor communication and decision making among flight crews. United Airlines first adopted CRM in 1981, and it has since expanded to include other crew members. CRM training teaches skills like leadership, situation awareness, and decision making to improve safety. Studies found CRM has reduced errors and helped lower accident rates by around 70%. The crash of United Flight 232 in 1989 demonstrated how effective CRM can be when properly applied by a crew.
1. The document provides an overview of airside operations at airports, including the organization, key functions, objectives, and activities related to ensuring safety and efficiency.
2. Maintaining safety on airport runways and aprons through inspection, permitting, incident investigation, and coordination with airport stakeholders are some of the main responsibilities of airside operations.
3. Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) are used to communicate essential information about airport conditions or temporary changes and are issued according to standard formats and procedures.
Describes the following terms with examples
- ASM (Available Seat Miles)
- RPM (Revenue Passenger Miles)
- PLF (Passenger Load Factor)
There is also an exercise at the end to test the reader's knowledge
This is a presentation I put together to illustrate the policies and procedures one should complete in order to make a successful flight from a cabin perspective.
Flight itinerary planning involves arranging cities in the desired sequence of a trip from origin to destination, following three basic rules: avoid crisscrossing, backtracking, and using fewer carriers. There are four types of flights: non-stop between two cities without stops, direct with a stop but no plane change, connecting with a plane change, and changing equipment/gauge with a plane change between the same aircraft type. Flight itineraries can be one-way, round-trip, open-jaw with different origin/destination points, or circle with multiple extended stopovers returning to the origin city.
There are three main types of commercial aircraft: passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, and combi aircraft which carries both passengers and cargo. Commercial passenger aircraft contain amenities like restrooms, a galley for food preparation, and entertainment systems. They are divided into classes like first class, business class, and economy class. Cargo aircraft are freighters that carry only cargo, while combi aircraft split the aircraft in half with passengers in one side and cargo on the other. Aircraft are also classified based on features such as number of engines, range, and size/payload capacity.
This document defines many common aviation terms used in the airline industry. It explains terms related to different areas of an airport and roles of people who work there, such as air traffic controllers, flight attendants, and baggage handlers. Abbreviations used in airline operations and different types of in-flight meals are also defined. Being familiar with these industry terms is important for anyone working in air transportation.
S. Devendra Reddy introduces himself as a student in the D2 batch of the Frankfinn Institute of Airhostess Training in Vizag, India. He thanks his aviation trainer, Mrs. Shikha Kaul, for helping him develop knowledge about aviation and thanks the Frankfinn Institute for providing a quality education. The document then outlines the key responsibilities of flight attendants which include ensuring passenger safety, conducting safety checks, providing emergency instructions, serving food and beverages, and administering first aid if needed. It also includes descriptions of aircraft interiors like the cockpit, cabin, lavatory, and galley as well as external parts such as the wings, fuselage, tail, and landing
This document discusses the history and evolution of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training in the airline industry. It began in 1979 when NASA discovered many aviation accidents were caused by issues like poor communication and decision making among flight crews. United Airlines first adopted CRM in 1981, and it has since expanded to include other crew members. CRM training teaches skills like leadership, situation awareness, and decision making to improve safety. Studies found CRM has reduced errors and helped lower accident rates by around 70%. The crash of United Flight 232 in 1989 demonstrated how effective CRM can be when properly applied by a crew.
1. The document provides an overview of airside operations at airports, including the organization, key functions, objectives, and activities related to ensuring safety and efficiency.
2. Maintaining safety on airport runways and aprons through inspection, permitting, incident investigation, and coordination with airport stakeholders are some of the main responsibilities of airside operations.
3. Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) are used to communicate essential information about airport conditions or temporary changes and are issued according to standard formats and procedures.
Ground handling involves servicing an aircraft while it is parked at an airport terminal. It includes tasks like cleaning the cabin, refueling, de-icing, catering, marshaling the plane into and out of the gate, and providing passenger services. Many airlines outsource some or all ground handling to airports, other airlines or third-party handling agents to reduce costs and resources needed at each location. Efficiency is important to minimize aircraft turnaround times between flights.
This document discusses airline market segmentation. It begins by explaining the airline business model, including transportation of passengers and cargo, and how technology has impacted communication and logistics. It then discusses the different types of airline customers, including consumers, passengers, and decision-makers within business travel. Key factors that influence customer decisions are also outlined, and the document emphasizes the difference between apparent and true customer needs. The rest of the document focuses on market segmentation strategies for airlines, including segmenting by travel purpose, journey length, traveler origin, and customer requirements. Business and leisure travelers are specifically compared in terms of demand elasticity and airline preferences.
The document discusses different areas of an airport, dividing it into landside and airside areas, with the airside area further divided into the maneuvering area for takeoffs and landings, the apron area for aircraft parking and loading, and service roads. It provides definitions of these areas and outlines rules and responsibilities for personnel working in the airside environment for safety and security.
The document is an assignment submitted by Abdur Rahim Khan for his course on airport handling procedures at Skylark Aviation Training School. It includes an introduction to aviation history and governing bodies like IATA, ICAO, and BCAS. The document then provides an index and outlines of sections on aviation history, governing bodies, and the various stages of airport handling procedures like reservations, check-in, boarding, and arrivals.
This document provides information and guidelines for ramp safety officers at Indonesia AirAsia. It defines key terms and abbreviations. It outlines the ramp structure and organization, as well as responsibilities of ramp safety officers. It describes important ramp activities like aircraft ground handling, use of ground support equipment, and ensuring safety during aircraft turnarounds in the 25 minute target timeframe. It also covers safety management, human factors, and regulations regarding dangerous goods transportation.
The document provides guidance on ramp safety for vehicles operating in airport areas. It outlines definitions for different surface areas like movement areas, maneuvering areas, and aprons. It discusses authority requirements, speed limits, right of way rules, and hazards to watch out for around aircraft like jet blast, rotating propellers, and taxiing procedures. Safety protocols are presented for various weather conditions, markings, and prohibited activities like smoking or alcohol use while operating vehicles on the ramp.
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
The document defines several common terms used in air travel, including commercial flight, red-eye flight, and flight attendants. It describes the differences between military and civil aviation as well as domestic, international, non-stop, direct, and connecting flights. It also discusses various flight itineraries like one-way, open-jaw, round trip, and circle flights. Finally, it outlines classes of service on flights like first class, business class, and economy class as well as how seats are assigned.
This document discusses various aspects of airport management including lessons learned, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), air traffic control (ATC), and the concerns of an airport manager. It covers terminal operations, airport access, the role of MRO, how ATC works and the systems that assist them. As an airport manager, concerns include the terminal area, landside operations, and airside facilities. Effective management of airport facilities is vital for safety and efficiency.
Aircraft can be categorized in three ways: by basic design as either lighter-than-air or heavier-than-air, by propulsion as either power driven or non-power driven, and by wing design as either aeroplanes with fixed wings or rotorcraft with rotary wings. Lighter-than-air aircraft rely on gases for lift while heavier-than-air aircraft use air flowing over wings. Power driven aircraft use engines for propulsion and non-power driven use gravity and aerodynamic forces. Aeroplanes have stationary wings and rotorcraft have rotating wings.
The document provides guidelines for aircraft ground handling. It outlines minimum requirements including checking technical manuals, pre-briefing movements to discuss signals and responsibilities, and properly towing, parking, and securing aircraft. Ground handlers should be trained, move slowly and carefully, and reference technical manuals and unit standard operating procedures to safely maneuver aircraft on the ground.
This document discusses marketing strategies for airlines. It begins by defining marketing and noting that marketing involves identifying customer needs profitably. It then discusses trends in the airline business market, including greater use of low-cost airlines and non-refundable tickets. The document also discusses how airlines can segment the market, such as by value, length of travel, and purpose of travel. Finally, it discusses the marketing mix of product, price, place and promotion as key elements in an airline's marketing strategy.
Ground handling services include all the services an aircraft needs while on the ground at an airport. These services include passenger handling at check-in and arrival, ramp services like aircraft and baggage handling, de-icing, and towing, load control and flight operations support before and after flights, cargo and mail warehouse services, security services throughout travel, and various support services required for successful aircraft handling. It is important to hire an experienced ground handling company, such as Transworld Aviation in Zanzibar, to ensure quality airport services.
Aviation personnel includes pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers, airport managers, and ground staff. Their primary duties involve safely transporting passengers and cargo to destinations, ensuring passenger safety and comfort, coordinating aircraft movements to direct air traffic, overseeing airport operations, and assisting passengers during flights. Ground handling operations encompass services performed while aircraft are on the ground like cabin cleaning, catering, ramp services, passenger services, and coordinating with air traffic control. Special equipment is used to provide these services efficiently and ensure aircraft and passenger safety.
Airline deregulation refers to the process of removing entry and price restrictions on airlines. The United States led the way by passing the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, which reduced regulations set by the Civil Aeronautics Board. This led to lower fares, more travel options, and the growth of frequent flyer programs. Deregulation in the US and Europe increased competition and route expansion. In Malaysia, deregulation allowed for growth of the low-cost carrier AirAsia alongside Malaysia Airlines, increasing competition and route options for consumers.
The document discusses ramp security procedures at airports, including responsibilities of employees to prevent accidents, modern technology used for injury prevention, and services provided during aircraft turnarounds. Specifically, it outlines security measures like airport passes, high-visibility vests, and personal protective equipment that employees must follow, as well as procedures for safe towing, fueling, and parking of aircraft. New identification systems, alarms, and electronic security systems aim to establish effective security globally.
This document provides an overview of air traffic control (ATC) including key terms and concepts. It discusses ICAO which sets international standards for ATC. It describes different types of airspace (controlled and uncontrolled) and classifications (A-G). It explains the roles of local control (aerodrome) and area control. In 1-2 sentences: The document defines air traffic control services and airspace classifications according to ICAO standards and describes the roles and responsibilities of local and area air traffic controllers.
This document outlines the objectives and content of an aviation security course taught by Dr. Paul Mears. The 5-day course aims to teach participants how to ensure passenger and crew safety, identify and manage security threats, and work as a team to maintain security. It covers topics such as security mindsets, passenger profiling, restraint techniques, and how to handle various inflight incidents. Participants conduct workshops where they must apply their skills to mock aircraft scenarios and respond appropriately to security issues while minimizing flight disruption.
This document provides an introduction and overview of aviation training from Frankfinn Institute. It acknowledges the support of the assessor, Ms. Nina Ramachandran, and outlines various topics to be covered including open skies policy, aircraft parts, onboard communication, case studies, and emergency situations. It then provides background on the history and growth of the aviation industry in India, describing how it has transformed from a government-owned to a privately-owned industry dominated by full-service airlines and low-cost carriers. The rest of the document involves questions and responses related to analyzing different aspects of aviation such as open skies policy, aircraft parts, communication onboard, and case studies.
Vaishnavi was a student in the A2 batch of 2018-2019 who studied aviation under trainer Pooja. She took reference from books and the internet and was thankful for the opportunity and guidance provided by her trainer. The document then describes the main components of an aircraft including the cockpit, fuselage, wings, empennage, and landing gears. It also discusses interior parts like emergency exits, overhead lockers, tray tables, flight attendants, and aisles. Other topics covered include special passengers, safety equipment, and the duties of cabin crew.
An endeavor to approach or remind some useful terms of Aviation,ideal for starting up Flight Attendants provides just a small idea of a such a unique occupation....
The document discusses various aspects of the aviation industry in India. It covers how low-cost airlines and the increase in domestic airlines has affected development. It also discusses how India's improving economy has supported growth in aviation. The document outlines parts of aircraft like the cockpit and cargo areas. It covers emergency equipment and situations as well as the roles and responsibilities of cabin crew members. It concludes with discussing first aid and thanking the institution for the learning opportunity.
Ground handling involves servicing an aircraft while it is parked at an airport terminal. It includes tasks like cleaning the cabin, refueling, de-icing, catering, marshaling the plane into and out of the gate, and providing passenger services. Many airlines outsource some or all ground handling to airports, other airlines or third-party handling agents to reduce costs and resources needed at each location. Efficiency is important to minimize aircraft turnaround times between flights.
This document discusses airline market segmentation. It begins by explaining the airline business model, including transportation of passengers and cargo, and how technology has impacted communication and logistics. It then discusses the different types of airline customers, including consumers, passengers, and decision-makers within business travel. Key factors that influence customer decisions are also outlined, and the document emphasizes the difference between apparent and true customer needs. The rest of the document focuses on market segmentation strategies for airlines, including segmenting by travel purpose, journey length, traveler origin, and customer requirements. Business and leisure travelers are specifically compared in terms of demand elasticity and airline preferences.
The document discusses different areas of an airport, dividing it into landside and airside areas, with the airside area further divided into the maneuvering area for takeoffs and landings, the apron area for aircraft parking and loading, and service roads. It provides definitions of these areas and outlines rules and responsibilities for personnel working in the airside environment for safety and security.
The document is an assignment submitted by Abdur Rahim Khan for his course on airport handling procedures at Skylark Aviation Training School. It includes an introduction to aviation history and governing bodies like IATA, ICAO, and BCAS. The document then provides an index and outlines of sections on aviation history, governing bodies, and the various stages of airport handling procedures like reservations, check-in, boarding, and arrivals.
This document provides information and guidelines for ramp safety officers at Indonesia AirAsia. It defines key terms and abbreviations. It outlines the ramp structure and organization, as well as responsibilities of ramp safety officers. It describes important ramp activities like aircraft ground handling, use of ground support equipment, and ensuring safety during aircraft turnarounds in the 25 minute target timeframe. It also covers safety management, human factors, and regulations regarding dangerous goods transportation.
The document provides guidance on ramp safety for vehicles operating in airport areas. It outlines definitions for different surface areas like movement areas, maneuvering areas, and aprons. It discusses authority requirements, speed limits, right of way rules, and hazards to watch out for around aircraft like jet blast, rotating propellers, and taxiing procedures. Safety protocols are presented for various weather conditions, markings, and prohibited activities like smoking or alcohol use while operating vehicles on the ramp.
Ground handling involves servicing aircraft while on the ground at an airport terminal. It includes cabin cleaning, catering by unloading used and loading fresh food, ramp services like guiding aircraft into position and refueling, passenger services like check-in and boarding, and field operations like dispatching flights. A variety of equipment is used like tractors, stairs, carts, and trucks to provide power, transport passengers and supplies, and service lavatories and food. Efficient ground operations are important to decrease aircraft turnaround times and increase productivity.
The document defines several common terms used in air travel, including commercial flight, red-eye flight, and flight attendants. It describes the differences between military and civil aviation as well as domestic, international, non-stop, direct, and connecting flights. It also discusses various flight itineraries like one-way, open-jaw, round trip, and circle flights. Finally, it outlines classes of service on flights like first class, business class, and economy class as well as how seats are assigned.
This document discusses various aspects of airport management including lessons learned, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), air traffic control (ATC), and the concerns of an airport manager. It covers terminal operations, airport access, the role of MRO, how ATC works and the systems that assist them. As an airport manager, concerns include the terminal area, landside operations, and airside facilities. Effective management of airport facilities is vital for safety and efficiency.
Aircraft can be categorized in three ways: by basic design as either lighter-than-air or heavier-than-air, by propulsion as either power driven or non-power driven, and by wing design as either aeroplanes with fixed wings or rotorcraft with rotary wings. Lighter-than-air aircraft rely on gases for lift while heavier-than-air aircraft use air flowing over wings. Power driven aircraft use engines for propulsion and non-power driven use gravity and aerodynamic forces. Aeroplanes have stationary wings and rotorcraft have rotating wings.
The document provides guidelines for aircraft ground handling. It outlines minimum requirements including checking technical manuals, pre-briefing movements to discuss signals and responsibilities, and properly towing, parking, and securing aircraft. Ground handlers should be trained, move slowly and carefully, and reference technical manuals and unit standard operating procedures to safely maneuver aircraft on the ground.
This document discusses marketing strategies for airlines. It begins by defining marketing and noting that marketing involves identifying customer needs profitably. It then discusses trends in the airline business market, including greater use of low-cost airlines and non-refundable tickets. The document also discusses how airlines can segment the market, such as by value, length of travel, and purpose of travel. Finally, it discusses the marketing mix of product, price, place and promotion as key elements in an airline's marketing strategy.
Ground handling services include all the services an aircraft needs while on the ground at an airport. These services include passenger handling at check-in and arrival, ramp services like aircraft and baggage handling, de-icing, and towing, load control and flight operations support before and after flights, cargo and mail warehouse services, security services throughout travel, and various support services required for successful aircraft handling. It is important to hire an experienced ground handling company, such as Transworld Aviation in Zanzibar, to ensure quality airport services.
Aviation personnel includes pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers, airport managers, and ground staff. Their primary duties involve safely transporting passengers and cargo to destinations, ensuring passenger safety and comfort, coordinating aircraft movements to direct air traffic, overseeing airport operations, and assisting passengers during flights. Ground handling operations encompass services performed while aircraft are on the ground like cabin cleaning, catering, ramp services, passenger services, and coordinating with air traffic control. Special equipment is used to provide these services efficiently and ensure aircraft and passenger safety.
Airline deregulation refers to the process of removing entry and price restrictions on airlines. The United States led the way by passing the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, which reduced regulations set by the Civil Aeronautics Board. This led to lower fares, more travel options, and the growth of frequent flyer programs. Deregulation in the US and Europe increased competition and route expansion. In Malaysia, deregulation allowed for growth of the low-cost carrier AirAsia alongside Malaysia Airlines, increasing competition and route options for consumers.
The document discusses ramp security procedures at airports, including responsibilities of employees to prevent accidents, modern technology used for injury prevention, and services provided during aircraft turnarounds. Specifically, it outlines security measures like airport passes, high-visibility vests, and personal protective equipment that employees must follow, as well as procedures for safe towing, fueling, and parking of aircraft. New identification systems, alarms, and electronic security systems aim to establish effective security globally.
This document provides an overview of air traffic control (ATC) including key terms and concepts. It discusses ICAO which sets international standards for ATC. It describes different types of airspace (controlled and uncontrolled) and classifications (A-G). It explains the roles of local control (aerodrome) and area control. In 1-2 sentences: The document defines air traffic control services and airspace classifications according to ICAO standards and describes the roles and responsibilities of local and area air traffic controllers.
This document outlines the objectives and content of an aviation security course taught by Dr. Paul Mears. The 5-day course aims to teach participants how to ensure passenger and crew safety, identify and manage security threats, and work as a team to maintain security. It covers topics such as security mindsets, passenger profiling, restraint techniques, and how to handle various inflight incidents. Participants conduct workshops where they must apply their skills to mock aircraft scenarios and respond appropriately to security issues while minimizing flight disruption.
This document provides an introduction and overview of aviation training from Frankfinn Institute. It acknowledges the support of the assessor, Ms. Nina Ramachandran, and outlines various topics to be covered including open skies policy, aircraft parts, onboard communication, case studies, and emergency situations. It then provides background on the history and growth of the aviation industry in India, describing how it has transformed from a government-owned to a privately-owned industry dominated by full-service airlines and low-cost carriers. The rest of the document involves questions and responses related to analyzing different aspects of aviation such as open skies policy, aircraft parts, communication onboard, and case studies.
Vaishnavi was a student in the A2 batch of 2018-2019 who studied aviation under trainer Pooja. She took reference from books and the internet and was thankful for the opportunity and guidance provided by her trainer. The document then describes the main components of an aircraft including the cockpit, fuselage, wings, empennage, and landing gears. It also discusses interior parts like emergency exits, overhead lockers, tray tables, flight attendants, and aisles. Other topics covered include special passengers, safety equipment, and the duties of cabin crew.
An endeavor to approach or remind some useful terms of Aviation,ideal for starting up Flight Attendants provides just a small idea of a such a unique occupation....
The document discusses various aspects of the aviation industry in India. It covers how low-cost airlines and the increase in domestic airlines has affected development. It also discusses how India's improving economy has supported growth in aviation. The document outlines parts of aircraft like the cockpit and cargo areas. It covers emergency equipment and situations as well as the roles and responsibilities of cabin crew members. It concludes with discussing first aid and thanking the institution for the learning opportunity.
Scott Beale is a seasoned aviation professional with over two decades of leadership experience. Scott has lead premier aviation companies through significant growth strategies, business turn around plans, strategic planning and execution. Scott is an accomplished commercial pilot type rated in the Gulfstream and Citation aircraft and has flown hundreds of hours in special mission government aircraft. https://scottbealeaviation.tumblr.com/
The document discusses procedures for air traffic controllers to follow in various contingency situations, such as:
- Unlawful interference and aircraft bomb threats
- Fuel dumping
- Air-ground communications failure
- Emergency descent
- Weather deviation and VFR flights encountering adverse weather
- Emergency separation and fuel emergencies
For each contingency, the summary provides high-level instructions for air traffic controllers, such as clearing routes, maintaining separation, communicating with pilots and other ATC units, and directing aircraft as appropriate.
Frankfinn Presentation on Aviation by Hricha DhungelHrichaDhungel
This presentation covers aviation topics including the functions of various aircraft parts like the cockpit, cargo area, exterior parts, interior parts, slide rafts, cabin intercommunication systems, and more. Emergency equipment like smoke hoods, oxygen bottles, fire axes, asbestos gloves, fire extinguishers, oxygen masks, megaphones, ELTs, and life jackets are described. The document also discusses procedures for embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, special handling of passengers like unaccompanied minors, VVIPs, expectant mothers, and more. Precautions for transporting dangerous goods by air are outlined.
This document provides an overview and analysis of aviation topics including:
1. Low-cost airlines in India, how they have grown the aviation industry and economy. Parts of aircraft and cockpit are described.
2. Medical emergency procedures and terms are outlined. Qualities of cabin crew and procedures for embarking/disembarking passengers are summarized.
3. Differences between older and newer Airbus models are mentioned along with descriptions of cargo and emergency equipment.
This document provides information for pilots flying in and out of Krugersdorp Airfield (FAKR) in South Africa, including:
- FAKR has a short gravel runway requiring precision to land, with risks of turbulence, wind shear, and crosswinds.
- Standard traffic patterns cannot be followed due to nearby controlled airspace. Joining procedures involve overhead entries from specific directions and altitudes while monitoring the radio frequency.
- Pilots must maintain situational awareness of other aircraft and obstacles on the airfield, follow radio procedures, and use good judgement when operating at the busy but unmanned field.
A flying car project by retired Air Force pilot-engineer Rich Strong intended for frequent regional business travellers. The design features automotive features and aviation features with automatic transformation. The project is in the full-size model phase.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of cabin crew members. It explains that cabin crew ensure passenger safety and comfort during flights by demonstrating safety procedures, attending to passenger needs, and responding to emergencies. It also lists important qualifications for cabin crew like having a pleasing personality, being well-groomed, and prioritizing passenger safety and comfort.
This document provides information on air transport and airport layout. It defines key terms like aircraft, aerodrome, airport, airfield, runway, and taxiway. It describes the components of an airport layout including the runway, terminal building, aircraft apron, taxiway, aircraft stand, hangar, control tower, and parking areas. It also covers aircraft characteristics that influence airport design like aircraft type, size, turning radius, circling radius, speed, capacity, weight, wheel configuration, jet blast, and fuel spillage. Additionally, it classifies airports based on factors like take-off and landing capabilities, ICAO geometric design codes, FAA approach speed codes, function, and pavement strength. The document discusses
1. The document discusses airside operations at airports and focuses on functions like maintaining safety on airfields, runways and aprons; coordinating activities during emergencies; and issuing notices to airmen (NOTAMs) about potential hazards or operational changes.
2. Key activities of airside operations include inspecting movement areas, issuing permits, investigating incidents, coordinating safety escorts and work, and monitoring for foreign object debris and wildlife hazards.
3. NOTAMs are issued to communicate temporary or urgent safety information and operational changes to pilots and airlines.
The document discusses the history and current state of aviation in India. It covers early pioneers like Shivkar Bapuji Talpade who is reputed to have built and flown an unmanned aircraft in 1895. It also discusses the Wright Brothers' first successful crewed heavier-than-air flight in 1903. Currently, India has over 450 airports and is expected to become the third largest aviation market by 2030. Challenges facing Indian aviation include rising fuel costs and airport fees as well as competition.
The document provides information about an aviation project submitted by Rahul Gupta to his instructor, Sonam Sawant. It includes sections on acknowledgments, introduction, current scenario/updates in the aviation industry, details about the cockpit, cargo, exterior and interior parts of aircraft, duties of cabin crew, and procedures for embarkation and disembarkation. Special passengers including UNM, VIPs, pregnant women, deportees, and WCHR passengers are also discussed.
The document discusses the key components and purpose of an aircraft's black box recorder system. It explains that commercial aircraft are required to have a cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder, commonly referred to together as the black box. These recorders are vital for investigating crashes as they can provide information on what happened before impact. The cockpit voice recorder specifically records audio from the cockpit to help determine things like engine sounds, crew communication, and the timing of events. Both recorders are designed to withstand high heat and pressure and contain underwater locator beacons to help with recovery from crashes at sea.
This document provides information on the aerodrome location, facilities, and operations at Kandahar Airfield (OAKN) in Afghanistan. It identifies the aerodrome reference point and administration. It describes the types of traffic permitted, operational hours for various services, handling facilities including fueling and cargo, and rescue and firefighting capabilities. Precise details are given on parking locations, prerequisite permissions for landing, and restrictions.
The document provides details for establishing an aircraft storage, maintenance, and recycling facility at Upington Airport in South Africa. It outlines the infrastructure requirements including areas for parking up to 300 aircraft, maintenance hangars, workshops, fueling facilities, and a recycling area. Planning details like site layout, typical aircraft dimensions, and storage/maintenance procedures are also included. The types of maintenance activities, required equipment, and support facilities like administration buildings are specified to satisfy the goals of the proposed facility.
The document discusses the aviation and aerospace sector in India. It provides a brief history of aviation from early kites and balloons to the Wright brothers' first powered flight in 1903. India is now the 9th largest civil aviation market and is expected to be among the top five nations in aviation within the next decade. The document outlines regulatory bodies like ICAO and DGCA that set safety standards and conduct audits. It also discusses opportunities for chartered accountants in financial consulting, compliance, and operational restructuring for the aviation industry in India.
A simple fact of the aircraft resale market is that aircraft with missing documents usually sell for significantly less than those with continual chronological history. At best, expensive maintenance procedures may have to be reperformed and properly documented in order to return the aircraft to airworthy status. With a standardized Records Archive Management, you can control, collaborate, and safeguard the value of the aircraft records.
1) The document traces the history of ground handling in the airline industry from the first commercial flight in 1914 to modern times. It discusses key developments and changes over the decades, including the impact of airline deregulation in 1978, the rise of low-cost carriers, and increased focus on security after 9/11.
2) Modern ground handling involves services like self-check-in, remote bag tagging, aircraft loading bridges, and faster turnarounds. Cargo and mail services have also evolved significantly.
3) The document outlines ongoing efforts in the ground handling industry to reduce emissions and promote sustainability, efficiency, and safety. Ground handlers play an important role in supporting the global aviation network and economy.
2. • Aim of the lesson is to teach Flight Attendants on the most
common Aviation Terms so they could understand and be
understood during their professional life.
05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 2
AIM OF THE LESSON
3. 05/10/2016
CREATED AND PESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS
3
PHONETIC ALPHABET
• A ALPHA N NOVEMBER
• B BRAVO O OSCAR
• C CHARLIE P PAPA
• D DELTA Q QUEBEC
• E ECHO R ROMEO
• F FOXTROT S SIERRA
• G GOLF T TANGO
• H HOTEL U UNIFORM
• I INDIA V VICTOR
• J JULIET W WHISKY
• K KILO X X-RAY
• L LIMA Y YANKEE
• M MIKE Z ZULU
4. • 0 ZE-RO DECIMAL DAY – SEE - MAL
• 1 WUN HUNDRED HUN – dred
• 2 TOO THOUSAND TOU - SAND
• 3 TREE
• 4 FOW- er
• 5 FIFE
• 6 SIX
• 7 SEV – en
• 8 AIT
• 9 NIN - er
05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 4
NUMBERS PRONUNCIATION
5. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 5
ABBREVIATIONS
ABP Able Bodied Passenger A
A/C Aircraft
ADHOC Flights not scheduled – Last Minute
AFM Aircraft Flight Manual
AMC Aero Medical Centre
AME Authorized Medical Examiner
AOC Air Operator Certificate
AOG Aircraft On Ground
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
APPX Appendix
ATA Actual Time of Arrival
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATD Actual Time of Departure
ATL Aircraft Technical Log
AFT Rear part of Aircraft or equipment
ATT Attendant
ATS Air Traffic Services
B/C Business Class B
6. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 6
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF BromoChlorodiFluoromethane (Halon- Fire Extinguisher)
BRT Bright
C° Celsius C
CAA Civil Aviation Authority
CAT Clear Air Turbulence
CAO Cargo Aircraft Only
CBT Computer Based Training
CCM Cabin Crew Member
CDL Configuration Deviation List
CO₂ Carbon Dioxide
CN Company Notice
CPL Commercial Pilot Licence
CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
CPT Captain
CRM Crew Resource Management
CTOT Calculated Take-Off Time (Slot)
CFMD Confirmed
CSPM Cabin Safety Procedures Manual
7. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 7
ABBREVIATIONS
DEADHEAD Crew travelling as a passenger D
DG Dangerous Goods
DGR Dangerous Goods Regulations
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency E
EMC Emergency
ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
ETOPS Extended Range Twin Engine Operation System
EVAC Evacuation
F° Fahrenheit F
F/D Flight Deck
F/O First Officer
FAA Federal Aviation Authority (USA)
FAK First Aid Kit
FDM Flight Data Monitoring
FDP Flight Duty Period
8. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 8
ABBREVIATIONS
FOM Flight Operations Manual
FWD Forward Part Of Aircraft Or Equipment
GEN DEC General Declaration G
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GPU Ground Power Unit
HI High H
HOTAC Hotel Accommodation
IATA International Air Transport Association I
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ID Identity Card
IFR Instrument Flight Rules
ILS Instrument Landing System
INAD Inadmissible
INF Infant
INOP Inoperative
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities J
JAR Joint Aviation Regulations
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ABBREVIATIONS
LAV Lavatory L
LEP List of Effective Pages
LH Left Hand
LMC Last Minute Change
LMT Local Mean Time
LO Low
MEDA Sick passenger needing medical attention in flight M
MID Middle
MIN Minute
MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MRT Manual Release Tool
N/A Not Applicable N
NM Nautical Mile
NOTAM Notice to Airman
NOTOC Notification to Commander
O/W Over Wing O
10. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 10
ABBREVIATIONS
OAT Outside Air Temperature
OM Operations Manual
OPS Operations
OXY Oxygen
P/A Public Address P
PAX Passengers on Board
PBE Portable Breathing Equipment
PIC Pilot In Command
PF Pilot Flying
PNF Pilot Not Flying
POB Passengers On Board
PRM Persons with Reduced Mobility
PSI Pounds Per Square Inch
PSU Passenger Service Unit
PTT Push To Talk
QM Quality Manager Q
QTY Quantity
RCC Rescue Co-ordinated Centre R
11. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 11
ABBREVIATIONS
RH Right Hand
RWY Runway
SAFA Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft S
SAR Search and Rescue
SCCM Senior Cabin Crew Member
SOB Souls On Board
SOS Save Our Souls
SOP Standard Operating Procedures
STA Scheduled Time Of Arrival
STBY Stand By
STCR Stretcher
TBA To Be Advised T
TBN To Be Notified
TR Temporary Revision
TUC Time of Useful Consciousness
UM Unaccompanied Minor U
UN United Nations
U/S Unserviceable
12. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 12
ABBREVIATIONS
UTC Co-Ordinated Universal Time
VIP Very Important Person
VFR Visual Flight Rules
WHO World Health Organizations
Y Economy Class
13. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 13
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
A/C Aircraft
ABP’s Able Bodied Passengers assigned for duties in
an emergency situation
AFT The back or rear of the aircraft
AERODROME A defined area on land or water (including
any buildings, installations and equipment)
intended to be used either wholly or in part
for the arrival, departure and surface
movement of aircraft
AILERONS A moveable section set into the outer wing
used when banking and turning aircraft
AIRSIDE Area after immigration and passport control
AISLE Gangway down the cabin of the aircraft
ANTI-COLLISION LIGHT Red flashing lights on the upper and the
underside of the fuselage
14. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 14
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
ANTI-ICING The application of chemicals to de-ice and
delay ice reformation
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) A generic term for (area control centre,
approach control office,airport control tower)
AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT Articles and parts , of a removable nature, for
use on board an aircraft during flight,
including first-aid, emergency etc.
AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (AOC) A certificate authorizing an Airline company
to carry out specified commercial air
transport operations
ALTERNATE AIRPORT An airport designated in a pilot's flight plan at
which an aircraft will have the capability to
land if a landing at the intended airport
becomes inadvisable
AOG Aircraft On Ground ,unserviceable and
awaiting spares or rectification
15. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 15
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
APPROACH That part of an aircraft flight path from the
end of the en route phase of the flight to
touchdown
APRON Entire tarmac area, airside of the terminal
building
ATA Actual Time of Arrival
ATD Actual Time of Departure
AUTHORITY The competent body, responsible for the
safety regulation of civil aviation, in the State
of the applicant or operator
AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU) A small jet engine , usually built into the tail
of the aircraft used as an additional source of
electrical or air conditioning that can be used
on the ground or in the air
BASE The “Home” airport for crews and/or aircraft
16. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 16
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
BELLY-LANDING A landing made with the undercarriage up.
BLOCK TIME The time calculated from the start of
aeroplane movement until parked
BRIEFING A meeting providing a clear picture of the
flight ahead
BULKHEAD A wall that divides one part of the cabin from
another
CAA Civil Aviation Authority
CABIN Where the passengers sit
CANX Cancelled
CAPT The Captain
CHOCKS Wedges that are placed either in front or
behind the aircraft wheels to prevent moving
CIP Commercially Important Passenger
17. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 17
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
CRM Crew Resource Management
DANGEROUS GOODS Articles or substances which are capable of
posing significant risk to health, safety or
property when transported by air.
DEBRIEFING A meeting e.g. after flight, to summarize what
has happened during flight
DEFECT A fault in a piece of equipment
DE-FUEL Reducing the aircraft weight by taking fuel from
the aircraft tanks into the refuelling vehicle
DE-ICING De-icing is defined as removal of snow, ice or
frost from a surface
DEMO A safety equipment demonstration on board
DEPO (DEPA- DEPU) Passengers formally ordered to be expelled by a
country
18. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 18
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
DITCHING Emergency landing in water
DRY STORES Non-perishable items loaded in the aircraft
galleys e.g. tea, coffee, sugar.
ELEVATORS The two hinged sections set into the tail
plane to control the aircraft in pitch
ENGINES Are numbered from left to right, i.e. engine 1,
engine 2 etc.
ESTIMATED OFF-BLOCK TIME The estimated time at which the aircraft will
commence movement associated with
departure
ETA Estimated time of arrival.
ETD Estimated time of departure.
EXEMPTION A formal authorization issued by the
Authority providing relief from pan or all of
the provisions of a JAR, or JARs. The
authorization may or may not be conditional
19. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 19
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
EXIT ROW Seats adjacent to an emergency exit
FERRY A position flight, a flight without passengers.
Ferry flights may be conducted with the
minimum crew and reduced airworthiness
as permitted by the CAA
FLAPS Moveable sections on the under surface of
the inner wing, when lowered they increase
the lift of the wings and act as brakes.
FLIGHT CREW MEMBER A pilot, or a flight engineer, assigned to duty
in an aircraft during flight time.
FLIGHT DECK Where the Flight Crew sit
FLIGHT OPERATIONS The Department responsible for controlling
the operation of aeroplane and crews
FLIGHT PLAN Flight plans are documents filed by flight
dispatcher prior to departure which indicate
the plane's planned route or flight path etc.
20. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 20
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
FLIGHT RECORDER Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft
for the purpose of complementing
accident/incident investigation.
FLIGHT TIME The total time from the moment an aircraft
first moves under its own power for the
purpose of taking off until the moment it
comes to complete stop .
F/O The First Officer and the second in command
Pilot (Crew Member) on board
FORWARD Front Part of the Aircraft
FUSELAGE The main body of the aircraft to which the
wings and tail are attached
GALLEY An area where food or beverage is prepared
on board aeroplane
GAUGE An indicator of pressure or contents
21. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 21
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
HANGAR Covered building for aeroplane maintenance
HOLD The place (usually beneath the cabin) where
cargo and/or baggage is stowed
HOLDING Holding is a procedure during approach for
landing where the aircraft must fly in circling
pattern over a specific point until the traffic
controller authorises its sequence for landing
IATA International Air Transport Association
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ILS Instrument Landing System (Radio Guidance)
IMPACT A collision, force exerted by one object when
striking against another
INAD Inadmissible passengers
22. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 22
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
INBOARD Towards the centre from each side of the
aeroplane
INBOUND Arriving Flight
INF A person who has not yet reached his / her
second birthday
JETWAY A retractable boarding system
JUMPSEAT A spare seat in the cabin or on the flight deck
which is not used by the operating crew
LAY OVER A period when crew rests at destination
LEADING EDGE The forward edge of the wings
LIFT A vehicle providing dignified boarding to
handicapped passengers
LOAD SHEET A document with details of the aircraft load
(number of passengers , total cargo weight,
location of the load on board, total weight
etc.)
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AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
LOCAL TIME The local time in any particular country
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MID Middle or centre section of the aeroplane
NO SHOW .Passenger who neither cancels his or her
reservation nor shows up for the flight.
OFFLOAD Remove passengers or cargo or baggage
from the aeroplane
OFF CHOCKS As a time factor means the actual time that
the blocks under the wheels are removed
and an aeroplane commences moving to take
off
ON CHOCKS As a time factor means the actual time that
an aeroplane comes to a complete stop and
the blocks are placed under the wheels
24. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 24
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
OPERATOR A person, organization or enterprise
engaged or intending to engage in an aircraft
operation
OUTBOARD Towards the outside of the aeroplane
OUTBOUND Departing flight
OVERBOOKED A flight with more passengers than the
available seats on board
OVERHEAD BIN A stowage compartment for passengers'
hand-luggage over passengers' seats.
PA Public Address
PASSENGER MANIFEST A nominal list with information on every
passenger on board.
PAX Passenger
PILOT FLYING (PF) A pilot who is in charge of the airplane’s
controls in a particular time.
25. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 25
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
PILOT IN COMMAND (PIC) Is the person aboard the aircraft who is
ultimately responsible for its operation and
safety during flight.
PILOT NOT FLYING (PNF) A pilot who monitors the flight management
and aircraft control actions of the PF and
carry out support duties such as
communications and check-list reading.
POB Passengers on Board
PORT The left side of the aeroplane when facing
the Cockpit
POSITIONING When an aircraft moves without passengers
from one airport to another at the end of
that day's operations in order to satisfy the
next day's timetable.
PRM Person with reduced mobility
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AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
PROTECTIVE BREATHING EQUIPMENT Breathing equipment for protection against
smoke, fumes and other harmful gases.
PSU Passenger Service Unit
PUSHBACK The backwards movement of a parked
aeroplane in order to start taxiing for take-off
RAMP The area allocated for aircraft parking in
general
REPORTING TIME A specific time which a crew member must
report for duty
RE-FUEL Taking on Fuel
ROSTER Usually a monthly schedule of duties
RUDDER Rudder is a hinged section at the rear of the
vertical stabilizer used to control the position
of the nose of the aircraft
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AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
RUNWAY The length of tarmac used by an aircraft to
take off and land
SBY Standby
SECTOR It is the segment from an aircraft’s take-off
to landing
SILENT REVIEW A personal review of evacuation and
emergency duties and drills prior to take-off
and landing
SLOT TIME A slot is defined as the scheduled time of
arrival or departure available for allocation
by, or as allocated by, a coordinator for an
aircraft movement on a specific date at a
coordinated airport
SOB Souls on board
STA Scheduled time of arrival
STAND The place on the ramp where an aeroplane
parks
28. 05/10/2016 CREATED AND PRESENTED BY KONSTANTINOS KANTERAKIS 28
AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
STARBOARD The right side of the aeroplane when facing
the Cockpit
STD Scheduled Time Of Departure
STOPOVER Any day or night stop for various reasons
(passengers , technical , refuelling etc.)
TAKE-OFF MASS It is the maximum mass defined by the
manufacturer at which the aircraft is
certified for take off due to structural or
other limits
TAXIWAY The link between the ramp and the runway .
TBA To be advised
TBN To be notified
TECHNICAL STOP A stop most commonly used to refuel the
aircraft, to make unexpected essential
repairs or to respond to some emergency
need to land the aircraft.
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AVIATION TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
TERMINAL Either the airport building or the end of a
route
TOB Total on Board
TOUCHDOWN The moment the wheels of an aircraft touch
the ground when landing
UM Unaccompanied minor (5-12 yo)
WCHC Completely immobile passenger who
requires assistance at all times
WCHR Passenger who needs assistance for
movements out of the aeroplane
WCHS Passenger who cannot ascend/descend
stairs