introduction

1. Introduction to Dentistry
and
Dental Terminology

2. Introduction to
Dentistry

3. ﷽

4. Dentistry
Dentistry
Evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment
(nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of
diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the oral
cavity, maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and
associated structures and their impact on the
human body.

5. Dental Specialties
1. Dental Public Health
2. Endodontics
3. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
4. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
5. Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
6. Orthodontics and Dentofacial
Orthopedics
7. Pediatric Dentistry
8. Periodontics
9. Prosthodontics

6. Dental Public Health
 Concerned with preventing and controlling dental
diseases and promoting dental health through
organized community efforts.
.

7. Endodontics
 Concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment of diseases and injuries of the pulp
and associated periradicular tissues.

8. Oral Pathology
 Concerned with the nature of
disease affecting the oral
structures and adjacent regions
Involved with diagnosis of:
“biopsies”

9. Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
 Concerned with the production and interpretation
of images and data produced by all modalities of
radiant energy that are used for the diagnosis
and management of diseases, disorders and
conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region.

10. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
 Concerned with the diagnosis and surgical
treatment of diseases, injuries, and defects of
the oral and maxillofacial regions.

11. Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
 Concerned with the supervision, guidance, and
correction of all forms of malocclusion of the growing
or mature dentofacial structures.

12. Pediatric Dentistry
 Concerned with the preventive and therapeutic oral
healthcare of children from birth through
adolescence.

13. Periodontics
 Concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
disease of the supporting and surrounding tissues of
the teeth.
 Involved mainly with the treatment of: “Gums”

14. Prosthodontics
 Concerned with the restoration and maintenance of oral
functions by the restoration of natural teeth or the
replacement of missing teeth and contiguous oral and
maxillofacial tissues with artificial substitutes known as
prostheses.

15. Introduction to Dental Terms

16. Basic Dental Terminology
Teeth
Person with teeth
Person without teeth
Baby teeth
Gums
Gums of person without teeth
Dentition
Dentate
Edentulous
Deciduous (primary)
Gingiva
ridges

17. Basic Dental Terminology
Gum disease
Tartar
Roof of mouth
Upper jaw
Lower jaw
Jaw joint
Gingivitis / periodontitis
Calculus
Palate
Maxilla (maxillary arch)
Mandible (mandibular arch)
Temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)

18. Cavity
Filling
Shot
Bite
Teeth cleaning
 Basic Dental Terminology
Caries
Restoration
Local Anesthesia
Occlusion
Oral prophylaxis (prophy)

23. Oral Cavity Terminology
and
Anatomy

24. Oral Cavity
Many areas in the oral cavity are identified
according to their relationship with the tongue,
palate, cheek, facial surface or lips.
Lingual- closest to the tongue.
Palatal-closest to the palate.
Buccal-closest to the cheek (also Facial)
Labial-closest to the lips (also Facial)

25. Vestibules
The spaces between the lips,
cheeks, and gingiva are called
the maxillary and the mandibular
vestibules.
A frenum is a band of tissue that
connects two structures.
Labial Frenum
Buccal Frenum

26. Gingiva
Most commonly referred to
as the gums. The gingiva
is the masticatory mucosa
previously discussed.

27. Palate
The roof of the mouth has two parts:
Anterior
Posterior
The anterior firm portion is called the
hard palate.
The posterior loose portion is called the
soft palate.
The uvula hangs down in this region.

28. The dorsal (top) surface is covered
by thick and highly specialized
epithelium,
The ventral (underside) surface is
highly vascular and covered with a
very delicate lining mucosa.
The tip of the tongue is termed the
apex of the tongue.
Tongue

30. Tooth Numbering

31. 32 adult teeth
Each arch has 16
teeth
Each arch has two
quadrants of 8 teeth

32. Universal Numbering System (ADA)
The permanent teeth are
numbered 1-32.
Numbering begins with the upper
right third molar continues around
to the upper left third molar.
The mandibular numbering starts
at 17, with the mandibular left third
molar continuing to the mandibular
right third molar.

33. Primary Dentition
There are 20 teeth in the primary dentition, all teeth are eventually
exfoliated during the eruption of the permanent dentition.
There are no premolars in the primary dentition. However when
erupted the premolars replace the existence of the primary first and
second molars.
Each quadrant contains five teeth
Two incisors (central & lateral)
One cuspid
Two molars (1st & 2nd)

34. Types of Teeth

36. Incisors
Incisors are single rooted with a sharp
thin edge.
They are located at the front of the
mouth.
They are designed to cut food without
the application of heavy forces.
8 in total dentition (4 in maxillary arch, 4
in mandibular arch.

37. Canines
Designed for the cutting and tearing of foods that
require the application of force.
The single canine root is the longest in the
dentition. The bony ridge over the facial part of the
root is called the “bony eminence.”
The canine crown is thick with one well developed
pointed cusp.
4 in total, 2 maxillary, 2 mandibular arch.
Referred to as the cornerstone of the dental arch
due to location. Usually one of the last teeth in the
mouth to be lost.

38. Premolars
Similar to canines in that they have
points and cusps for grasping and
tearing.
They have a somewhat broader working
surface for chewing.
8 in total, 4 in maxillary arch, 4 in
mandibular arch.
The premolar is the only type of tooth
that is not found in the primary dentition.

39. Molars
Molars have the most cusps of all the teeth in the
dentition.
The shorter, blunter design of these cusps produces
a broad working surface that is used for chewing and
grinding solid masses of food that require the
application of heavy forces.
An adult dentition has up to 12 molars present. The
number depends on development, eruption, and prior
needs for extraction.

40. Tooth Surfaces

41. Tooth Surfaces
Five surfaces:
1. Facial (labial / buccal)
Facing out
2. Lingual (palatal)
Facing in
3. Masticatory (incisal/occlusal)
Chewing surface
4. Mesial
Towards the midline
5. Distal
Away from the midline

44. Anatomic Features of the Teeth
Cusp:
A pronounced elevation on the
occlusal surface terminating in a
conical or rounded surface.

45. Contacts
The contact area is the region of
the mesial and distal surfaces
(proximal surface) of a tooth
that touch the adjacent tooth.

46. Occlusion
Occlusion is the contact
between the maxillary and
mandibular teeth in all
mandibular positions and
movements.

47. Dental Restorations

48. Dental Decay
Periodontal Disease
Genetic Disorder
Missing Teeth
Missing Tooth Structure
(Esthetic Imperfections)
Restoring Form & Function
(Esthetic Improvements)
Restoration of Tooth Structure Replacing Missing Teeth
Direct Restorations
Composite Fillings
Amalgam Fillings
Gold Foil Fillings
Indirect Restorations
Crowns
Inlays/Onlays
Veneers
Fixed Restorations
Bridges (w/Pontic)
Implants
Removable Rest.
Partial Denture
Complete Denture

49. Gold Foil
“Gold fillings”
Declining
Amalgam
“Silver fillings”
Economic
Composite (Resin)
“White fillings”
Most popular
Bonded Restorations
 Adhesives
 Composites
 Polishers
Restoration of Tooth Structure
Direct Restorations
(Fillings placed directly in the mouth)

50. Fixed vs Removable Restorations
Some restorations are meant to be fixed to the patient’s tooth /
teeth
– Veneers
– Inlay
– Onlay
– Crown
– Bridge
Some restorations are meant to be removable by the patient
– Partial denture
– Complete denture

51. Restorations
Direct restoration (Clinical)
Indirect restoration (Technical)

52. Clinical restorations
A typical clinical restoration can be a silver filling
(amalgam) or a tooth colored filling (direct resin).

53. Indirect Restorations
The decision to do an indirect (technical restoration) is usually
determined by the amount of tooth structure that needs
restoration. The following is a list of technical restorations from the
least amount of tooth structure / teeth that needs to be replaced to
the most.
– Veneer
– Inlay
– Onlay
– Crown
– Bridge
– Partial denture
– Complete denture

54. Veneers
A veneer is a conservative restoration that is selected when the
facial surface of a tooth requires replacement primarily due to
esthetic considerations.
Minimal tooth structure is removed (0.3-0.8mm)

55. When more than 50% of the crown of a tooth
must be replaced it is necessary to prepare the
tooth for a full crown in order to restore the tooth
back to its original contour and function.
Material options:
•All metal
•All ceramic
•Porcelain fused to metal (PFM)
Crown

56. Bridge (Fixed Partial Dental Prosthesis/ FPDP)
If a tooth is missing it can be replaced by preparing a tooth on
either side of the missing tooth and fabricate a “bridge”
Material options;
Material options:
•All metal
•All ceramic
•Porcelain fused to metal
(PFM)

57. Bridge (Fixed Partial Dental Prosthesis/ FPDP)
A pontic is an artificial tooth, or part of
the dental appliance that replaces a
missing natural tooth.
An abutment, also known as a retainer,
is a natural tooth that serves as the
support for the replacement tooth or
teeth in a fixed bridge. The abutment
tooth is usually prepared with an onlay
or a cast crown.

58. Bridge (Fixed Dental Prosthesis/ FDP)
Framework Material Options:
Metal (PFM)
Ceramic (All ceramic)
• Pressed
• CAD/CAM

59. Removable Prosthodontics is the area
of dentistry dealing with replacement of
missing teeth with a prosthesis that the
patient is able to remove and replace.
Removable Partial Dentures-commonly
referred to as a partial, replaces one or
more teeth in one arch
Partial Denture

60. Partial Denture
Base metal
framework
Denture
teeth
Denture
Base Resin

61. Complete Denture
Removable Complete Denture,
(Denture):
A removable dental prosthesis that
replaces all the teeth and associated
structures of one arch.
Complete removable dental prosthesis.

62. Thank you