Sulphanilamide is the parent compound of all the sulpha-durgs which is important in urinary tract infections and meningococcal meningitis profilaxes. Ultrasonic velocity measurements are highly sensitive to molecular interactions and used to provide qualitative informations about the physical nature and strength of the molecular ∕inter-ionic interactions. In the present work, non-aqueous solutions of Sulphanilamide have been prepared with different concentrations and the experiments were carried out from a low temperature of 50c to a high temperature of 550c. The ultrasonic velocity data combined with density and viscosity provides the standard means for determining the internal pressure, free volume and acoustical parameters. The various interactions occurring in the solutions are interpreted interms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. An attempt is made to identify the entry of solvate into the samples and the entry of drug molecules into the solvate which supports to identify the molecular structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Viscosities and deviations in viscosity for binary mixtures of tetrahydrofura...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The viscosities, η of pure tetrahydrofuran, propanol-1 and butanol-1and some of their binary mixtures covering the whole
composition range have been measured at temperatures 303.15 K. From the experimental η, the deviations in viscosity (Δη) have
been calculated. Excess free energy for viscous flow, ΔG#E has also been evaluated. The concentration dependences of η were
correlated to polynomial expressions, whereas, Δη and ΔG#E were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. For all systems, Δη were
found to be negative in the whole range of composition with a single lobe.
Keywords: Viscosity, Tetrahydrofuran, Propanol-1, Butanol-1.
Thermal properties and size distribution of lignins precipitated with sulphur...Michal Jablonsky
Dissolution and fractionation of lignocellulosic material is a critical step of valorisation of lignins. Precipitated lignin was isolated from black liquor by sulphuric acid at four levels of concentration (5, 25, 50 and 72 % wt). A comparison study was performed through thermal and size properties. Theacid concentration influences of thermal properties of precipitated lignin. The acid concentration has an effect on changes in particle size of precipitated lignin. The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest degradation of lignins appeared as an exothermic peak in range 470 - 650°C.The greatest weight loss in this section under an oxidation atmosphere was in the following order lignin 25 % wt (47.3 %), followed by lignin 72 % wt (45.0 %), lignin 5 % wt (43.6 %), and, smallest decline reached by lignin 50 % wt. The lowest temperature at the maximum degradation rate was determined for a sample of lignin 72 % wt at 488°C.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Viscosities and deviations in viscosity for binary mixtures of tetrahydrofura...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The viscosities, η of pure tetrahydrofuran, propanol-1 and butanol-1and some of their binary mixtures covering the whole
composition range have been measured at temperatures 303.15 K. From the experimental η, the deviations in viscosity (Δη) have
been calculated. Excess free energy for viscous flow, ΔG#E has also been evaluated. The concentration dependences of η were
correlated to polynomial expressions, whereas, Δη and ΔG#E were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. For all systems, Δη were
found to be negative in the whole range of composition with a single lobe.
Keywords: Viscosity, Tetrahydrofuran, Propanol-1, Butanol-1.
Thermal properties and size distribution of lignins precipitated with sulphur...Michal Jablonsky
Dissolution and fractionation of lignocellulosic material is a critical step of valorisation of lignins. Precipitated lignin was isolated from black liquor by sulphuric acid at four levels of concentration (5, 25, 50 and 72 % wt). A comparison study was performed through thermal and size properties. Theacid concentration influences of thermal properties of precipitated lignin. The acid concentration has an effect on changes in particle size of precipitated lignin. The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest degradation of lignins appeared as an exothermic peak in range 470 - 650°C.The greatest weight loss in this section under an oxidation atmosphere was in the following order lignin 25 % wt (47.3 %), followed by lignin 72 % wt (45.0 %), lignin 5 % wt (43.6 %), and, smallest decline reached by lignin 50 % wt. The lowest temperature at the maximum degradation rate was determined for a sample of lignin 72 % wt at 488°C.
Inhibitory Effect of Some Carbazides on Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions
The dissolution of aluminium in hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions in the presence of semicarbazide, thiosemicar- bazide and sym.dipheny1carbazide as corrosion inhibitors has been studied using thermometric, weight-loss and polarization methods. The three methods gave consistent results. The higher inhibition efficiency of these compounds in acidic than in alkaline madia may be due to the less negative potential of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution, favouring adsorption of the additive.The adsorption of these compounds were found to obey Frurnkin adsorption isotherm. Cathodic polarization measurements showed that these com- pounds are cathodic inhibitors and their adsorption in the double layer does not change the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The results are analysed in terms of both molecular and cationic adsorption.
Isothermal, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Erythrosin...IJAEMSJORNAL
Isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of erythrosine dye onto activated carbon from Periwinkle shell was carried out. The Periwinkle shell were washed, dried, carbonized at 400oC, crushed, sieved, chemically activated at 800oC, cooled, washed and dried at 110oC. Variable influencing factors, such as contact time, temperature and concentration were studied through single-factor experiment, while other factors are kept constant (at 30min, 30oC and 50mg/L) in each adsorption experiment. From the adsorption isotherms, the correlation coefficient for Redlich-Peterson is closer to unity than others used in the adsorption. The adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-second order reaction, while the thermodynamic parameters, (∆H) = 13.49KJ/mol, (∆S) = 43.48J/mol.K and (∆G) = 0.4, 0.06, -0.15, -0.27, -0.54, -7.30KJ/mol. These results obtained show that activated carbon from Periwinkle shell will be a good low-cost adsorbent for the removal of erythrosine from aqueous solution.
The effect of temperature onthe micellization of an anionic surfactant in mix...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Study of the Electric Properties of Azo/Hydrazone Tautomeric Mixture of the ...Scientific Review SR
An azo/hydrazone mixture of the phenolic azo dye 4-(9-Anthrylazo)-1-naphthol was obtained in 58%
yield. The product was characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and ms. The electric
conductivity of the tautomeric mixture was investigated in solid phase at ambient temperature. The electric
measurements revealed that the azo derivative has an electric conductivity equals 0.657 10
7
1
cm
1
and
electric resistivity of 1.521545 10
7
cm which falls within the range of the semiconductors’ electric resistivity that ranges between 10
2 and 109cm.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Some Excess Properties of Ternary Liquid Mixture of Water, Methanol, Ethanol ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Densities and viscosities of ternary liquid mixtures of water, methanol, ethanol of volume by volume ratio of 1:1:1 have been measured at 308.15, 313.15., 318.15, 323.15, 328.15, K .From the density and viscosity data the values of various properties, Excess volume (VE) Excess viscosity (µE) and Excess Gibb’s free energy of activation of flow (ΔGE) have been determined. On the basis of the values of interaction parameters and various excess properties, the nature of molecular interactions between the components of mixtures has been explained.
Keywords: Viscosity, Liquids, Density, Ternary Mixture, Water, Methanol and Ethanol, Excess Volume, Excess Viscosity, Gibb’s Free Energy.
Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of -Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Al...IJERA Editor
Densities () and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (VE), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations.
Investigation of the effect of different parameters on the phase inversion te...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): Nanoemulsions are a kind of emulsions that can be transparent, translucent (size range 50-200 nm) or “milky” (up to 500 nm). Nanoemulsions are adequatly effective for transfer of active component through skin which facilitate the entrance of the active component . The transparent nature of the system and lack of the thickener and fluidity are among advantages of nanoemulsion.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a nanoemulsion of lemon oil in water was prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification method in which the tween 40 was used as surfactant. The effect of concentration of NaCl in aqueous phase, pH and weight percent of surfactant and aqueous on the PIT and droplet size were investigated. Results: The results showed that with increasing of concentration of NaCl from 0.05 M to 1 M, PIT decrease from 72 to 50. The average droplet sizes, for 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M of NaCl in 25 ºC are 497.3, 308.1 and 189.9 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes are 0.348, 0.334 and 0.307, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of nanoemulsions such as being transparent, endurance of solution and droplet size can provide suitable reaction environment for polymerization process used in making hygienic and medical materials.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Determination of temperature regions in thermal degradation of ligninMichal Jablonsky
In this paper, industrial lignins were characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and thermogravimetry (TG). The aim was to find the main intervals of lignin degradation and maximum rate of their degradation. The results obtained can be helpful in finding the applicability of the materials at their thermal decomposition. The differences between individual lignins have been confirmed by EA and TG.
Implementation of PCI Target Controller Interfacing with Asynchronous SRAMIOSR Journals
Abstract: In this paper, we present design of a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) target controller
which is interfacing with asynchronous SRAM 64kX8 memory. The target controller provides the control signals
to the SRAM for read and writes cycles. The master sends the address, data and other control signals. Based on
these signals the controller initiates the read and write cycles we have designed PCI block diagram which
represents how the master controls target and target interfaces with memory. We also designed state machine to
generate control signals for target controller by which the controller initiates the read and write cycles. PCI
implements a 32-bit multiplexed Address and Data bus (AD [31:0]).The simulation results presented in this
paper represents read and write transactions between slave and memory according to commands generated by
controller. We have been used Xilinx ISE project navigator 0.40d to simulate project code which is written in
Verilog Hardware Description Language. We have been tested our functionality by writing test bench and then
compared that results with actual functionality.
Keywords – Asynchronous SRAM, PCI, PCI connector
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Inhibitory Effect of Some Carbazides on Corrosion of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions
The dissolution of aluminium in hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions in the presence of semicarbazide, thiosemicar- bazide and sym.dipheny1carbazide as corrosion inhibitors has been studied using thermometric, weight-loss and polarization methods. The three methods gave consistent results. The higher inhibition efficiency of these compounds in acidic than in alkaline madia may be due to the less negative potential of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution, favouring adsorption of the additive.The adsorption of these compounds were found to obey Frurnkin adsorption isotherm. Cathodic polarization measurements showed that these com- pounds are cathodic inhibitors and their adsorption in the double layer does not change the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The results are analysed in terms of both molecular and cationic adsorption.
Isothermal, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Erythrosin...IJAEMSJORNAL
Isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of erythrosine dye onto activated carbon from Periwinkle shell was carried out. The Periwinkle shell were washed, dried, carbonized at 400oC, crushed, sieved, chemically activated at 800oC, cooled, washed and dried at 110oC. Variable influencing factors, such as contact time, temperature and concentration were studied through single-factor experiment, while other factors are kept constant (at 30min, 30oC and 50mg/L) in each adsorption experiment. From the adsorption isotherms, the correlation coefficient for Redlich-Peterson is closer to unity than others used in the adsorption. The adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-second order reaction, while the thermodynamic parameters, (∆H) = 13.49KJ/mol, (∆S) = 43.48J/mol.K and (∆G) = 0.4, 0.06, -0.15, -0.27, -0.54, -7.30KJ/mol. These results obtained show that activated carbon from Periwinkle shell will be a good low-cost adsorbent for the removal of erythrosine from aqueous solution.
The effect of temperature onthe micellization of an anionic surfactant in mix...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Study of the Electric Properties of Azo/Hydrazone Tautomeric Mixture of the ...Scientific Review SR
An azo/hydrazone mixture of the phenolic azo dye 4-(9-Anthrylazo)-1-naphthol was obtained in 58%
yield. The product was characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR and ms. The electric
conductivity of the tautomeric mixture was investigated in solid phase at ambient temperature. The electric
measurements revealed that the azo derivative has an electric conductivity equals 0.657 10
7
1
cm
1
and
electric resistivity of 1.521545 10
7
cm which falls within the range of the semiconductors’ electric resistivity that ranges between 10
2 and 109cm.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Some Excess Properties of Ternary Liquid Mixture of Water, Methanol, Ethanol ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Densities and viscosities of ternary liquid mixtures of water, methanol, ethanol of volume by volume ratio of 1:1:1 have been measured at 308.15, 313.15., 318.15, 323.15, 328.15, K .From the density and viscosity data the values of various properties, Excess volume (VE) Excess viscosity (µE) and Excess Gibb’s free energy of activation of flow (ΔGE) have been determined. On the basis of the values of interaction parameters and various excess properties, the nature of molecular interactions between the components of mixtures has been explained.
Keywords: Viscosity, Liquids, Density, Ternary Mixture, Water, Methanol and Ethanol, Excess Volume, Excess Viscosity, Gibb’s Free Energy.
Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of -Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Al...IJERA Editor
Densities () and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (VE), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations.
Investigation of the effect of different parameters on the phase inversion te...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): Nanoemulsions are a kind of emulsions that can be transparent, translucent (size range 50-200 nm) or “milky” (up to 500 nm). Nanoemulsions are adequatly effective for transfer of active component through skin which facilitate the entrance of the active component . The transparent nature of the system and lack of the thickener and fluidity are among advantages of nanoemulsion.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a nanoemulsion of lemon oil in water was prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification method in which the tween 40 was used as surfactant. The effect of concentration of NaCl in aqueous phase, pH and weight percent of surfactant and aqueous on the PIT and droplet size were investigated. Results: The results showed that with increasing of concentration of NaCl from 0.05 M to 1 M, PIT decrease from 72 to 50. The average droplet sizes, for 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M of NaCl in 25 ºC are 497.3, 308.1 and 189.9 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes are 0.348, 0.334 and 0.307, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of nanoemulsions such as being transparent, endurance of solution and droplet size can provide suitable reaction environment for polymerization process used in making hygienic and medical materials.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Determination of temperature regions in thermal degradation of ligninMichal Jablonsky
In this paper, industrial lignins were characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and thermogravimetry (TG). The aim was to find the main intervals of lignin degradation and maximum rate of their degradation. The results obtained can be helpful in finding the applicability of the materials at their thermal decomposition. The differences between individual lignins have been confirmed by EA and TG.
Implementation of PCI Target Controller Interfacing with Asynchronous SRAMIOSR Journals
Abstract: In this paper, we present design of a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) target controller
which is interfacing with asynchronous SRAM 64kX8 memory. The target controller provides the control signals
to the SRAM for read and writes cycles. The master sends the address, data and other control signals. Based on
these signals the controller initiates the read and write cycles we have designed PCI block diagram which
represents how the master controls target and target interfaces with memory. We also designed state machine to
generate control signals for target controller by which the controller initiates the read and write cycles. PCI
implements a 32-bit multiplexed Address and Data bus (AD [31:0]).The simulation results presented in this
paper represents read and write transactions between slave and memory according to commands generated by
controller. We have been used Xilinx ISE project navigator 0.40d to simulate project code which is written in
Verilog Hardware Description Language. We have been tested our functionality by writing test bench and then
compared that results with actual functionality.
Keywords – Asynchronous SRAM, PCI, PCI connector
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
A Novel approach for Graphical User Interface development and real time Objec...IOSR Journals
Abstract:Image Processing is an advancement in the Signal processing domain where the input is an image or
video and output can be image, video or in any other forms. With daily advances in Human-Computer
interaction, Image Processing, along with computer vision has become an integral part of any intelligent system.
They are mainly based on the workings of the visual perception function of the human brain. As such most of
the algorithms are designed based around this central concept. The major application of Computer Vision is in
the field of intelligent machines and robotic visions, where machines are made intelligent by being able to sense
their surrounding visually and optimize themselves accordingly. In case of robots, through computer vision, they are made capable of sensing their surroundings, just like a human.
Index Terms: Image processing,GUI, Object Tracking, Face Tracking, Edge Detection
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Ultrasonic velocity and allied parameters of tetrahexylammonium iodidein bina...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Accurate Solvent – Solvent Densities, Dielectric Constants and Volumes of ...Scientific Review SR
In this paper the densities and dielectric constants for mixed (DMF) – water solvents at 298.15K were
accurately measured using densimeter DMA-58 and decameter DK-300 respectively. Different volumes (molar
volume V
M, Van der Waals volume V
W, electrostriction volume V e and crystal volume VC) for mixed (DMF) –
H2O solvents were evaluated from density measurements
Limiting partial molar volumes of Potassium aluminium sulphate in dimethyl su...IOSR Journals
Densities of potassium aluminium sulphate have been measured in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) + water, containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mass percent of DMSO, at different concentration and at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. From the densities, apparent molar volumes have been derived. The apparent molar volume data have been analyzed using Masson equation. The limiting molar volumes, vф0, and Sv* slop are interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions respectively. The vф0 values vary with temperature as power series of temperature. Finally, the structure making/ breaking capacities of salts have been inferred from the Hepler’s criterion.
Influence of Tetra Alkyl Ammonium Cation and Temperature on Molecular Interac...IOSRJAC
Ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), viscosity (η) and related acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free energy (∆G), internal pressure (πi), relaxation time (τ) and acoustic impedance (z) have been computed using standard relation for tetra alkyl ammonium cation (Et4N + , Pr4N + , Bu4N + , and Pen4N + ) in binary liquid mixtures of 1, 4 - Dioxane and N, N – Dimethyl Formamide was prepared of 0.14M on different percentage compositions over the temperature range from 303.15K to 323.15K with the interval of 10K under room pressure to investigate inter - ionic interactions. The densities were measured by Magnetic Float Densitometer. Transport properties provide a deep and meaningful insight of various interactions taking place. It has been observed that the influence of small as well as large alkyl chain length of tetra alkyl ammonium cations (R4N + ), in terms of shape and ionic size with the DMF solvent in the presence of Dioxane, is helpful in investigating the molecular interactions, molecular rearrangement, molecular association etc
Using Ethylthiazole-4-Carboxylate as Inhibitor for Copper Corrosion in 0.5 M ...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this research was the study effect of ethylthiazole-4-carboxylate as inhibitor on copper corrosion in 0.5M HCl acid by using weight loss and polarization methods, results showed of decrease corrosion current density and corrosion rate with increasing inhibitor concentration of corrosion at 30 C and corresponding increase the efficiency of inhibition and surface coverage, the same way for the temperature of 40 and 50 C , where efficiency decreases depending on the temperature increase. Increase the inhibitor concentration, increased energy both activation, enthalpy and free of adsorption and decreased entropy energy, and this shows that the inhibitor has good energy to activate the process of adsorption and desorption be chemical type from good type inhibitor. Formation layer of film due found oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur molecules which have a crucial role to build the film.
Computation of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor of Water and Dimethylsulph...Scientific Review
This study examined the computation of the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′) of water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)at temperature 20oc, 30oc, 40oc and 500C within the frequency range of f GHz using Debye equations. The Debye equations were derived, and the experimental values of the static dielectric constant (εs), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε ) and the relaxation time (τ) of water and DMSO at those temperatures were substituted into the derived equations and the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε′′) of water and DMSO were computed with aid of maple-13 and results were generated. These results revealed that the method is capable of reproducing good results forwork done using single Debye and that of the reflection cell ofdimethylsulphoxide.
Computation of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor of Water and Dimethylsulp...Scientific Review SR
This study examined the computation of the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′) of
water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)at temperature 20
o
c, 30
o
c, 40
o
c and 50
0
C within the frequency range of
f GHz using Debye equations. The Debye equations were derived, and the experimental values of the
static dielectric constant (ε
s
), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε ) and the relaxation time (τ) of water and
DMSO at those temperatures were substituted into the derived equations and the dielectric constant ( ε′) and loss
factor (ε′′) of water and DMSO were computed with aid of maple-13 and results were generated. These results
revealed that the method is capable of reproducing good results forwork done usin g single Debye and that of the
reflection cell ofdimethylsulphoxide.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Ceftriaxone is one of the third generations of cephalosporin antibiotics and commercially found as a sodium salt. The market demand for it is still high in recent years, including in Indonesia. However, there is no local production manufacture yet. A high yield of ceftriaxone sodium would be an advantage in industrial scale. Ceftriaxone was synthesized by reacting 7–amino–3–[(2,5–dihydro–6–hydroxy–2–methyl–5–oxo–1,2,4–triazin–3–yl) thiomethyl] cephalosporanic acid (7-ACT) with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazolyl (Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-Methoxyimino Acetate (MAEM) then with sodium salt in basic condition. The product was generated by solventing-out using acetone. The products were analyzed by HPLC quantitatively and the structure was confirmed using FTIR, MS and NMR. In this research, the variation in the mole ratio of reactants against the yield of product was evaluated. The result showed that the variations in mole ratio reactants affect the yield production. The higher ratio of MAEM would be the higher yield is obtained. The results show that the yield was 72,17% at mole ratio 1:2 which has 99,32% purity. This result could be a consideration in industrial production scale in ceftriaxone sodium preparation.
Effect of Chemically Treated Aluminum Nitrate: Its Dielectric Studies Of Sisa...paperpublications3
Abstract: Aluminum oxide synthesized through sintering route. The present research work deals with Alrrite composite prepared using chemical reactions. Aluminum nitrates and ammonium chloride doped with sisal fiber has been prepared. The comparative studies of aluminum oxide were examined through dielectric measurement.
Investigation of molecular interaction of amino acids in aqueous n propanol s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The physical properties that has been investigated are, density (ρ),viscosity (η), and ultrasonic velocity (U) of L-valine, L- leucine and L-glutamine in aqueous n-propanol solution (0%-30%) in steps of 10% at 308.15K have been measured. The derived acoustical parameters namely adiabatic compressibility (β), apparent molal compressibility (ϕK), apparent molal volume (ϕV), limiting apparent molal compressibility(ϕ°K), limiting apparent molal volume(ϕ°V) and their constants (sk, sv), transfer adiabatic compressibility (Δϕ°K), transfer volume(Δϕ°V) , and viscosity B-coefficient are calculated using the experimental data. The change that has been observed in the parameter with respect to molality of the solute has been interpreted in terms of ion-ion and ion- solvent interactions.
Key words: Molecular interaction, solute-solvent interaction, ion-ion interaction, ion-solvent interaction.
The effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Conyza Dicorides plant on the corrosion inhibition
of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization
techniques at temperature range (25–65 ̊C). The Results obtained showed that the percentage
inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing of inhibitor concentration and decreases with the
increasing of temperature. At a concentration of 2 g/L, the percentage inhibition efficiency reached
about (94.87%) at 25 ̊C. The thermodynamic activation functions of dissolution process and
adsorption parameters were calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the additive was found to follow
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Similar to Analysis of Transport Properties and Acoustical Parameters of Sulphanilamide in Non- Aqueous Medium (20)
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Analysis of Transport Properties and Acoustical Parameters of Sulphanilamide in Non- Aqueous Medium
1. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 4, Issue 1 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 01-04
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Analysis of Transport Properties and Acoustical Parameters of
Sulphanilamide in Non- Aqueous Medium
Santhakumari.S1
, Padmavathy.R2
, JasmineVasantharani.E2
1
Department of Physics,Shrimati Indira Gandhi College,Thiruchirappalli,Tamilnadu.
2
Department of Physics,Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College,Thiruchirappalli,Tamilnadu.
Abstract; Sulphanilamide is the parent compound of all the sulpha-durgs which is important in urinary tract
infections and meningococcal meningitis profilaxes. Ultrasonic velocity measurements are highly sensitive to
molecular interactions and used to provide qualitative informations about the physical nature and strength of
the molecular ∕inter-ionic interactions. In the present work, non-aqueous solutions of Sulphanilamide have
been prepared with different concentrations and the experiments were carried out from a low temperature of 50
c
to a high temperature of 550
c. The ultrasonic velocity data combined with density and viscosity provides the
standard means for determining the internal pressure, free volume and acoustical parameters. The various
interactions occurring in the solutions are interpreted interms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. An
attempt is made to identify the entry of solvate into the samples and the entry of drug molecules into the solvate
which supports to identify the molecular structure.
Keywords : Acoustical parameters, free volume, Internal pressure, ion-solvent interactions ,ion-ion
interactions.
I. Introduction
Sulphanilamide compounds identified as chemotherapeutic agents, possess broad spectrum of
biological properties [1].Study of non –aqueous solutions is interesting for the physical understanding of the
ion –solvent interactions. The passage of ultrasonic waves through solutions and liquids disturb the equilibrium
between solute and solvent molecules. The velocity of such a wave is a thermodynamic quantity and is related to
the physio – chemical properties of the medium[2].The velocity of ultrasonic waves in a medium and several
other acoustic parameters which are dependent on it, helps to determine the overall response of the medium and
about the nature of interactions between the molecules of the medium[3,4].Ultrasonic velocity of a
liquid/solution is fundamentally related to the binding forces between the adequately employed in
understanding the nature of molecular interaction in pure liquids[5,6,7].
The present work dealt with the ultrasonic investigations and acoustical study of (sulfanilamide)
sulphanilamide in formamide .
II. Experimental Technique
The solutions of different molalities of sulphanilamide are prepared with AR grade formamide.Density
of the solution is measured with 25ml of specific gravity bottle by a Digital balance of accuracy of .0001gm/cc.
Cannonfenske viscometer is used for the viscosity measurements, and the time is noted by stop watch with an
accuracy of ± 0.1sec. Mittal’s interferometer of frequency to 2MHz, with an accuracy of ± 2 m/s is used.
. Internal pressure (πi) and free volume (vf) and acoustical parameters are evaluated by the following formulae.
(i) Internal pressure (πi) = bRT [kη/u]1/2
ρ2/3
/M7/6
atms
(ii) Free volume (vf) = [ Meff u/kη]3/2
cc
(iii) Adiabatic compressibility (β) = [1/u2
ρ] cm2
/dynes
(iv) Specific acoustic impedance (Z) = ρu (Rayl)
(v) Intermolecular free length (Lf) = KT (βad
1/2
)A0
III . Results and Discussion
In the present study internal pressure, exhibits an increasing trend with respect to increasing molalities
as shown in fig (1).Internal pressure is a measure of cohesive energy of the system hence these variations may
be due to the structure making nature of the solute in the solvent . It implies that there is a strong solute- solvent
interaction taking place in the solution[8].The dependence of parameter on temperature has also been used to
explain the strength of interactions with change in temperatures[9,10].The internal pressure decreases with rise
in temperature of the solution. Since when the temperature is increased, there is a tendency for the ions to move
for away from other ,reducing the possibility of interaction, which may further reduce the cohesive forces and
2. Analysis Of Transport Properties And Acoustical Parameters Of Sulphanilamide In Non- Aqueous
www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page
ultimately leads to a decrease in internal pressure[11].The variations of Vf with molalities as shown in fig (2)
also confirm the structure making nature of the solute in the solvent.
The adiabatic compressibility increases with decrease in molality and rise in temperature [12]as shown
in fig (3). When the salt is added to the solvent ,the compressibility is lowered. This lowering is attributed to the
influence of the electrostatic field of the ions on the surrounding solvent molecules. such a decrease may be due
to (i) an increase in the number of incompressible molecule[13,14,15] (ii) structural changes occurring in the
solution .This may be due to the association taking place between the molecules. When the temperature
increases, the associated groups of molecules breakdown increasingly and the forces of attraction between the
molecules decrease. This leads to an increase in the adiabatic compressibility of the system[16]. The linear
increase in specific acoustic impendence with the molalities at a given temperature is observed in the solution as
shown in fig (4). This linear increase due to the effect of strong solute-solvent interaction[17]existing in the
solutions. The specific acoustic impedance is available as 18.39Rayl at 250
c*
of formamide from the
literature[18]. In the present investigation ,the inter-molecular free length of solutions is found to decrease with
respect to the various molality and increases with temperature. These changes reveal the fact that there is a
strong interaction exist between the solute and solvent[19]. When the salt is added to a solvent ,the strength of
the interaction increases as intermolecular free length decreases, with the molality changes [20]are shown in the
fig (5).
IV. Figures&Tables
TABLE(1) Internal pressure (atms)
Molality(m)
5°c 15°c 25°c 35°c 45°c 55°c
0.001 19448 15828 14076 12895 12087 10933
0.005 19843 16591 14080 12983 12239 10992
0.01 19658 16774 13943 12867 12090 10703
0.015 19779 16493 14002 12934 12117 10786
0.02 19376 16535 13916 12842 11875 10582
TABLE (2)FreeVolume (CC)
Molality(m)
5°c 15°c 25°c 35°c 45°c 55°c
0.001 .0076 0.0150 0.0242 0.0369 0.0557 0.0791
0.005 .0075 0.0140 0.0233 0.0356 0.0517 0.0767
0.01 .0073 0.0138 0.0225 0.0346 0.0489 0.0743
0.015 .0070 0.0133 0.0219 0.0340 0.0480 0.0724
0.02 .0069 0.0130 0.0208 0.0331 0.0473 0.0707
TABLE(3)Adiabatic compressibilityx10-11
(cm2
/dynes)
Molality(m)
5°c 15°c 25°c 35°c 45°c 55°c
0.001 3.23 3.28 3.41 3.52 3.62 3.69
0.005 3.19 3.27 3.35 3.45 3.59 3.66
0.01 3.16 3.24 3.32 3.39 3.55 3.61
0.015 3.14 3.22 3.28 3.36 3.51 3.58
0.02 3.13 3.20 3.28 3.33 3.44 3.54
TABLE (4) Specific acoustic impedance (Rayl)
Molality(m
5°c 15°c 25°c *
35°c 45°c 55°c
0.001 18.85 18.65 18.22 17.87 17.55 17.34
0.005 18.96 18.66 18.45 18.02 17.63 17.40
0.01 19.05 18.74 18.54 18.21 17.74 17.53
0.015 19.13 18.85 18.60 18.27 17.84 17.61
0.02 19.15 18.90 18.68 18.36 18.01 17.71
4. Analysis Of Transport Properties And Acoustical Parameters Of Sulphanilamide In Non- Aqueous
www.iosrjournals.org 4 | Page
V. Conclusion
Sulfanilamide is a potent antibiotic because this drug undergoes metabolic alterations in tissues [21] .The
detailed study of acoustic parameters suggests that there is a molecular association existing between the molecules
of the solution. The addition of solute into the solvent brings about a strong solute-solvent interaction in the
solution.
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