Densities () and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (VE), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations.
A Complete Ultrasonic Velocity Study of Decane-1-Ol with Various Acrylates at...IOSR Journals
This document presents an ultrasonic velocity study of binary liquid mixtures of decane-1-ol with various acrylates (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate) at 303.15 K and 313.15 K. Ultrasonic velocities were measured experimentally and derived thermodynamic parameters like excess specific acoustic impedance, excess available volume, and excess intrinsic pressure were calculated. The experimental data was fitted to various theoretical models including the Jouyban-Acree model to investigate intermolecular interactions in the mixtures. Positive deviations in isentropic compressibility indicated a disruption of hydrogen-bonded aggregates of decane-1-ol upon mixing with the acry
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Viscosities and deviations in viscosity for binary mixtures of tetrahydrofura...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The viscosities, η of pure tetrahydrofuran, propanol-1 and butanol-1and some of their binary mixtures covering the whole
composition range have been measured at temperatures 303.15 K. From the experimental η, the deviations in viscosity (Δη) have
been calculated. Excess free energy for viscous flow, ΔG#E has also been evaluated. The concentration dependences of η were
correlated to polynomial expressions, whereas, Δη and ΔG#E were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. For all systems, Δη were
found to be negative in the whole range of composition with a single lobe.
Keywords: Viscosity, Tetrahydrofuran, Propanol-1, Butanol-1.
This document summarizes an investigation of ultrasonic properties of binary mixtures of zinc stearate or calcium stearate with methyl ethyl ketone. Various thermoacoustic parameters were measured experimentally over a range of mixtures, including ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity, adiabatic compressibility, and excess properties. The results indicate interactions between the mixtures, with some showing strong molecular association and others showing weak interactions. The experimental data was fitted to theoretical models to evaluate the suitability of different relationship for predicting ultrasonic properties in these systems.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Acoustical and Thermodynamical Studies in Ternary Mixtures of Ethylene Glycol...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the acoustical and thermodynamic properties of ternary mixtures of ethylene glycol, glycerol, and octanol at 303.15K. The ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity were measured for mixtures with varying compositions. These measurements were used to calculate various thermodynamic parameters, including adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, relaxation time, acoustic impedance, and bulk modulus. The values of these parameters were found to vary with composition, indicating the nature of molecular interactions present in the ternary mixtures. Tables of the measured properties and calculated parameters are provided.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the dielectric behavior of binary mixtures of acetonitrile and n-butyl alcohol. Values of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured for mixtures with varying mole fractions at 10.75 GHz and 300°C. Additional physical properties like viscosity, density, surface tension and refractive index were also measured. The results indicate interactions between the molecules through hydrogen bonding and complex formation across the composition range. The dielectric and physical properties provide information about molecular interactions and complex formation in the binary liquid mixtures.
To Study The Viscometric Measurement Of Substituted-2-Diphenylbutanamide And ...IOSR Journals
Recently in this laboratory the viscometric measurement of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl]-4-hydroxy piperidin-1-yl]-N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylbutanamide[CPHDD] and (2S, 6R)-7-chloro -2, 4, 6-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-3H, 4'H-spiro[1-benzofuran 2, 1’-] cychohex-2-ene]-3,4'-dione[CTMBCD] were carried out at different percentage compositions of solvent to investigate the solute-solvent interactions of drugs with solvent and the effect of dilution of the solvent. The effects of various substituents were also investigated. The results obtained during this investigation gave detail information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs.
A Complete Ultrasonic Velocity Study of Decane-1-Ol with Various Acrylates at...IOSR Journals
This document presents an ultrasonic velocity study of binary liquid mixtures of decane-1-ol with various acrylates (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate) at 303.15 K and 313.15 K. Ultrasonic velocities were measured experimentally and derived thermodynamic parameters like excess specific acoustic impedance, excess available volume, and excess intrinsic pressure were calculated. The experimental data was fitted to various theoretical models including the Jouyban-Acree model to investigate intermolecular interactions in the mixtures. Positive deviations in isentropic compressibility indicated a disruption of hydrogen-bonded aggregates of decane-1-ol upon mixing with the acry
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Viscosities and deviations in viscosity for binary mixtures of tetrahydrofura...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The viscosities, η of pure tetrahydrofuran, propanol-1 and butanol-1and some of their binary mixtures covering the whole
composition range have been measured at temperatures 303.15 K. From the experimental η, the deviations in viscosity (Δη) have
been calculated. Excess free energy for viscous flow, ΔG#E has also been evaluated. The concentration dependences of η were
correlated to polynomial expressions, whereas, Δη and ΔG#E were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. For all systems, Δη were
found to be negative in the whole range of composition with a single lobe.
Keywords: Viscosity, Tetrahydrofuran, Propanol-1, Butanol-1.
This document summarizes an investigation of ultrasonic properties of binary mixtures of zinc stearate or calcium stearate with methyl ethyl ketone. Various thermoacoustic parameters were measured experimentally over a range of mixtures, including ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity, adiabatic compressibility, and excess properties. The results indicate interactions between the mixtures, with some showing strong molecular association and others showing weak interactions. The experimental data was fitted to theoretical models to evaluate the suitability of different relationship for predicting ultrasonic properties in these systems.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Acoustical and Thermodynamical Studies in Ternary Mixtures of Ethylene Glycol...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the acoustical and thermodynamic properties of ternary mixtures of ethylene glycol, glycerol, and octanol at 303.15K. The ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity were measured for mixtures with varying compositions. These measurements were used to calculate various thermodynamic parameters, including adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, relaxation time, acoustic impedance, and bulk modulus. The values of these parameters were found to vary with composition, indicating the nature of molecular interactions present in the ternary mixtures. Tables of the measured properties and calculated parameters are provided.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the dielectric behavior of binary mixtures of acetonitrile and n-butyl alcohol. Values of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured for mixtures with varying mole fractions at 10.75 GHz and 300°C. Additional physical properties like viscosity, density, surface tension and refractive index were also measured. The results indicate interactions between the molecules through hydrogen bonding and complex formation across the composition range. The dielectric and physical properties provide information about molecular interactions and complex formation in the binary liquid mixtures.
To Study The Viscometric Measurement Of Substituted-2-Diphenylbutanamide And ...IOSR Journals
Recently in this laboratory the viscometric measurement of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl]-4-hydroxy piperidin-1-yl]-N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylbutanamide[CPHDD] and (2S, 6R)-7-chloro -2, 4, 6-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-3H, 4'H-spiro[1-benzofuran 2, 1’-] cychohex-2-ene]-3,4'-dione[CTMBCD] were carried out at different percentage compositions of solvent to investigate the solute-solvent interactions of drugs with solvent and the effect of dilution of the solvent. The effects of various substituents were also investigated. The results obtained during this investigation gave detail information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs.
Values of dielectric constant (ɛ') and dielectric loss (ɛ") have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of acetonitrile + n-butyl alcohol at 10.75 GHz microwave frequencies at 300C and over the complete mole fraction range. The values of ɛ' and ɛ" have been used to evaluate the loss tangent ( tan ),
molar polarization (P12), apparent polarization (P2) and a.c. conductivity ( p ).The results are discussed in
terms of intermolecular interactions. The results are positive over the entire range of composition.
Viscosity, density and refractive index measurement of pure liquid and binary liquid mixtures were carried out at 300C. The values of viscosity have been used to evaluate the activation energy (Ea). The surface tension has been experimentally determined for pure liquid and binary liquid mixtures at 300C. These parameters have been used to explain the formation of hydrogen bonding and formation of complex in the binary liquid mixtures.
Acoustic and Viscometric studies of manitol with life-essential Co(II) and Cu...Brajendra Kusmariya
The document reports on an investigation of the acoustic and viscometric properties of mannitol solutions with cobalt and copper metal ions in aqueous medium at 298.15 K. Ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity were measured for mannitol solutions with varying concentrations of the metal ions. Acoustic parameters like isentropic compressibility and intermolecular free length were calculated from the experimental data. The results were interpreted to understand the molecular interactions between mannitol and the metal ions in solution.
The document summarizes an experiment investigating the effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of a Harcourt-Essen reaction. By varying the concentration of iodide ions between runs, the reaction was found to be second order overall and first order with respect to both peroxide ions and iodide ions. Increasing the temperature between runs caused the rate coefficient to increase, demonstrating that the reaction rate increases with temperature in accordance with the Arrhenius equation.
This document discusses two analytical chemistry methods: colorimetry and Kjeldahl. It provides details on:
- The principles, workings, and applications of colorimetry, which involves comparing color changes to determine small quantities of substances.
- The step-by-step process, reactions, and calculations involved in the Kjeldahl method to determine the nitrogen and protein content of samples. This includes destruction, distillation, and titration stages to convert organic nitrogen to ammonium sulfate then ammonia gas for analysis.
- References that provide further information on both methods and their uses in food and chemical analysis.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Empirical and Molecular FormulaFawad Mueen Arbi
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative analysis, empirical and molecular formulas, and combustion analysis. It provides details on:
- The differences between qualitative analysis, which identifies substances, and quantitative analysis, which determines amounts.
- How empirical formulas represent the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound and molecular formulas use actual atom counts.
- The process of combustion analysis, where a compound is burned and the products analyzed to determine the empirical formula based on the amounts of carbon dioxide and water produced.
Physicochemical Properties and Proposed Mechanism in the Obtainment of 4-Hidr...IJERA Editor
The mechanism for the poly-condensation event of conjugated polymers with ending 4-hydroxycoumarin has
been proposed. It happened under H2SO4 acidic conditions only using enolic-coumarins without any substituent
at third position. It was studied using Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-Tof)
mass spectrometry. Besides, some physicochemical properties were analyzed using Thermo-gravimetric (TGA),
X-ray and UV-Vis analysis
Influence of temperature on the liquid liquid equilibria of methanol benzene ...Josemar Pereira da Silva
This document summarizes a study on the liquid-liquid equilibria of the ternary system composed of methanol, benzene, and hexane at temperatures of 278.15 K, 283.15 K, and 293.15 K. Equilibrium data including component mass fractions in each phase are reported for the three temperatures. The data are compared to literature data and correlated using various models including Othmer and Tobias, NRTL, and UNIFAC. The results show that temperature influences the liquid-liquid equilibrium behavior of the system.
Influence of Tetra Alkyl Ammonium Cation and Temperature on Molecular Interac...IOSRJAC
Ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), viscosity (η) and related acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free energy (∆G), internal pressure (πi), relaxation time (τ) and acoustic impedance (z) have been computed using standard relation for tetra alkyl ammonium cation (Et4N + , Pr4N + , Bu4N + , and Pen4N + ) in binary liquid mixtures of 1, 4 - Dioxane and N, N – Dimethyl Formamide was prepared of 0.14M on different percentage compositions over the temperature range from 303.15K to 323.15K with the interval of 10K under room pressure to investigate inter - ionic interactions. The densities were measured by Magnetic Float Densitometer. Transport properties provide a deep and meaningful insight of various interactions taking place. It has been observed that the influence of small as well as large alkyl chain length of tetra alkyl ammonium cations (R4N + ), in terms of shape and ionic size with the DMF solvent in the presence of Dioxane, is helpful in investigating the molecular interactions, molecular rearrangement, molecular association etc
The document summarizes a study that evaluated (4Z)-2,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-ylidene)-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (P1) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using various experimental techniques and quantum chemical calculations. The inhibition efficiency of P1 was found to increase with increasing concentration and was well described by the Langmuir adsorption model. Polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and weight loss measurements showed that P1 acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl
Fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachlori...IOSR Journals
The fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachloride by steady state in different solvents, and by transient method in benzene has been carried out at room temperature. The Stern–Volmer (SV) plot has been found to be non-linear with a positive deviation for all the solvents studied. In order to interpret these results we have invoked the ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models. Using these models various rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters imply that sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence the positive deviation in the SV plots is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, from the studies of temperature dependence of rate parameters and lifetime measurements, it could be explained that the positive deviation is due to the presence of a small static quenching component in the overall dynamic quenching. With the use of finite sink approximation model, it was possible to check whether these bimolecular reactions as diffusion limited and to estimate independently distance parameter R′ and mutual diffusion coefficient D. Finally an effort has been made to correlate the values of R′ and D with the values of the encounter distance R and the mutual diffusion coefficient D determined using the Edward's empirical relation and Stokes–Einstein relation.
Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (vi) Oxide Powder:Imp...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The objective of the present study was to analyse the alterations in physical, thermal and structural properties of Chromium VI Oxide powder under the influence of Mahendra Trivedi's biofield energy treatment. In this study, the FTIR, XRD & TGA-DTA analysis of CrO3 was conducted to evaluate changes in its characteristics.
This document summarizes the results of an experiment measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of chlorine isotopes 35Cl, 36Cl, and 37Cl in molten salt solutions. Key findings include:
1) Spin-lattice relaxation times and NMR spectra were measured for the chloride and perchlorate ions in various solutions.
2) Ratios of relaxation times and linewidths between isotopes were consistent with theoretical predictions based on nuclear quadrupole moments.
3) Measurements of the 36Cl relaxation time allowed estimation of its electric quadrupole moment as -0.023 barn.
Synthesis and characterization of some Chromium(III) complexes of dibasic tri...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of four new tridentate Schiff base ligands and their chromium(III) complexes. The ligands were synthesized by condensing hydroxyl aromatic aldehydes or ketones with acid hydrazides. The complexes were synthesized by reacting the ligands with chromium chloride in ethanol. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, thermogravimetric analysis, and electronic spectroscopy. The data indicate that the ligands behave as dibasic tridentate ligands, coordinating to Cr(III) through the ketonic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, and phenolic protons. The complexes have octahedral geometry and 1
CYCLOHEXANE – PHENOL BINARY LIQUID MIXTURE: BEHAVIOR AND PARAMETERS AT CRITIC...ijrap
A new liquid binary cyclohexane - phenol mixture was prepared. The dynamic shear viscosity coefficients of this liquid mixture, for different phenol concentrations and temperatures, were investigated by capillary viscometer made from glass. The dynamic shear viscosity showed an anomaly close to the critical temperature 푇푐 = 17.0 ℃. The anomaly behavior was observed at critical weight concentration of phenol, 푥푐 = 2.70 %. At temperatures above critical one, the experimental data were fitted using mode Coupling Theory. It was found that the dynamic shear viscosity non-critical background had a value of 휂0 = 0.8174 cP. Also, using a pycnometer of 10 ml, density measurements were performed. The expected law for mass density above critical temperature was the power law. The noncritical mass density part was found to have a value of 휌0 = 0.7357 푔푚 푐푚3 . In addition, The isobaric thermal expansion coefficient at critical temperature (훼푝푐) was also deduced and found to have a value of 2.07 × 10−6 ℃−1 . Finally, the derivative of critical temperature with respect to pressure (푇푐 ′ ) was found to have a value 1.22 × 10−4 퐾 푃푎 .
Liquid liquid equilibrium data for n hexane ethylacetate acetonitrile ternay ...Josemar Pereira da Silva
This document presents experimental liquideliquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary system of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile measured at 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the LLE data. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were also calculated from the LLE data, showing that acetonitrile could be used to extract ethyl acetate from n-hexane.
Thermodynamic behavior of tetrahydrofuron in p dioxane, methylcyclohexane and...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the thermodynamic behavior of tetrahydrofuron liquid mixtures with p-dioxane, methylcyclohexane, and cyclohexanol. The study applies an equation of state model to calculate ultrasonic velocity, density, and other thermodynamic parameters. Close agreement was found between calculated and experimental values, indicating the model provides a good representation of molecular clustering in liquid states. Parameters like minimum potential depth and hard sphere diameter were determined for the pure components and in mixtures.
El documento lista 3 productos con sus respectivos precios y cantidades, incluyendo sentra a $2000000, qshkai a $100000 y terrano a $30000, con cantidades de 3, 5 y 10 respectivamente.
Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location on Multi-Storied Res...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the strength of reinforced concrete shear walls at different locations in a multi-story residential building. It describes analyzing a 6-story building model in Hyderabad, India using ETABS software. Four models are considered: without shear walls, with L-shaped shear walls, with perimeter shear walls, and with cross-shaped shear walls. Analysis results show that perimeter shear walls most reduced maximum deflection and drift compared to other models. Shear forces in beams were highest for the perimeter wall model at the ground level and decreased with height. Bending moments in beams were highest for the perimeter wall model at the top level.
O documento descreve a origem e história do xadrez, desde a sua invenção na Índia até se espalhar pela Europa e se tornar um jogo popular. Também resume as regras básicas do xadrez, como os movimentos de cada peça e conceitos como captura, xeque e xeque-mate. Por fim, fornece detalhes sobre como escrever partidas e sobre um torneio de xadrez na escola.
Values of dielectric constant (ɛ') and dielectric loss (ɛ") have been experimentally determined for binary liquid mixtures of acetonitrile + n-butyl alcohol at 10.75 GHz microwave frequencies at 300C and over the complete mole fraction range. The values of ɛ' and ɛ" have been used to evaluate the loss tangent ( tan ),
molar polarization (P12), apparent polarization (P2) and a.c. conductivity ( p ).The results are discussed in
terms of intermolecular interactions. The results are positive over the entire range of composition.
Viscosity, density and refractive index measurement of pure liquid and binary liquid mixtures were carried out at 300C. The values of viscosity have been used to evaluate the activation energy (Ea). The surface tension has been experimentally determined for pure liquid and binary liquid mixtures at 300C. These parameters have been used to explain the formation of hydrogen bonding and formation of complex in the binary liquid mixtures.
Acoustic and Viscometric studies of manitol with life-essential Co(II) and Cu...Brajendra Kusmariya
The document reports on an investigation of the acoustic and viscometric properties of mannitol solutions with cobalt and copper metal ions in aqueous medium at 298.15 K. Ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity were measured for mannitol solutions with varying concentrations of the metal ions. Acoustic parameters like isentropic compressibility and intermolecular free length were calculated from the experimental data. The results were interpreted to understand the molecular interactions between mannitol and the metal ions in solution.
The document summarizes an experiment investigating the effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of a Harcourt-Essen reaction. By varying the concentration of iodide ions between runs, the reaction was found to be second order overall and first order with respect to both peroxide ions and iodide ions. Increasing the temperature between runs caused the rate coefficient to increase, demonstrating that the reaction rate increases with temperature in accordance with the Arrhenius equation.
This document discusses two analytical chemistry methods: colorimetry and Kjeldahl. It provides details on:
- The principles, workings, and applications of colorimetry, which involves comparing color changes to determine small quantities of substances.
- The step-by-step process, reactions, and calculations involved in the Kjeldahl method to determine the nitrogen and protein content of samples. This includes destruction, distillation, and titration stages to convert organic nitrogen to ammonium sulfate then ammonia gas for analysis.
- References that provide further information on both methods and their uses in food and chemical analysis.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Empirical and Molecular FormulaFawad Mueen Arbi
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative analysis, empirical and molecular formulas, and combustion analysis. It provides details on:
- The differences between qualitative analysis, which identifies substances, and quantitative analysis, which determines amounts.
- How empirical formulas represent the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound and molecular formulas use actual atom counts.
- The process of combustion analysis, where a compound is burned and the products analyzed to determine the empirical formula based on the amounts of carbon dioxide and water produced.
Physicochemical Properties and Proposed Mechanism in the Obtainment of 4-Hidr...IJERA Editor
The mechanism for the poly-condensation event of conjugated polymers with ending 4-hydroxycoumarin has
been proposed. It happened under H2SO4 acidic conditions only using enolic-coumarins without any substituent
at third position. It was studied using Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-Tof)
mass spectrometry. Besides, some physicochemical properties were analyzed using Thermo-gravimetric (TGA),
X-ray and UV-Vis analysis
Influence of temperature on the liquid liquid equilibria of methanol benzene ...Josemar Pereira da Silva
This document summarizes a study on the liquid-liquid equilibria of the ternary system composed of methanol, benzene, and hexane at temperatures of 278.15 K, 283.15 K, and 293.15 K. Equilibrium data including component mass fractions in each phase are reported for the three temperatures. The data are compared to literature data and correlated using various models including Othmer and Tobias, NRTL, and UNIFAC. The results show that temperature influences the liquid-liquid equilibrium behavior of the system.
Influence of Tetra Alkyl Ammonium Cation and Temperature on Molecular Interac...IOSRJAC
Ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), viscosity (η) and related acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free energy (∆G), internal pressure (πi), relaxation time (τ) and acoustic impedance (z) have been computed using standard relation for tetra alkyl ammonium cation (Et4N + , Pr4N + , Bu4N + , and Pen4N + ) in binary liquid mixtures of 1, 4 - Dioxane and N, N – Dimethyl Formamide was prepared of 0.14M on different percentage compositions over the temperature range from 303.15K to 323.15K with the interval of 10K under room pressure to investigate inter - ionic interactions. The densities were measured by Magnetic Float Densitometer. Transport properties provide a deep and meaningful insight of various interactions taking place. It has been observed that the influence of small as well as large alkyl chain length of tetra alkyl ammonium cations (R4N + ), in terms of shape and ionic size with the DMF solvent in the presence of Dioxane, is helpful in investigating the molecular interactions, molecular rearrangement, molecular association etc
The document summarizes a study that evaluated (4Z)-2,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-ylidene)-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (P1) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using various experimental techniques and quantum chemical calculations. The inhibition efficiency of P1 was found to increase with increasing concentration and was well described by the Langmuir adsorption model. Polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and weight loss measurements showed that P1 acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl
Fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachlori...IOSR Journals
The fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachloride by steady state in different solvents, and by transient method in benzene has been carried out at room temperature. The Stern–Volmer (SV) plot has been found to be non-linear with a positive deviation for all the solvents studied. In order to interpret these results we have invoked the ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models. Using these models various rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters imply that sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence the positive deviation in the SV plots is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, from the studies of temperature dependence of rate parameters and lifetime measurements, it could be explained that the positive deviation is due to the presence of a small static quenching component in the overall dynamic quenching. With the use of finite sink approximation model, it was possible to check whether these bimolecular reactions as diffusion limited and to estimate independently distance parameter R′ and mutual diffusion coefficient D. Finally an effort has been made to correlate the values of R′ and D with the values of the encounter distance R and the mutual diffusion coefficient D determined using the Edward's empirical relation and Stokes–Einstein relation.
Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (vi) Oxide Powder:Imp...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The objective of the present study was to analyse the alterations in physical, thermal and structural properties of Chromium VI Oxide powder under the influence of Mahendra Trivedi's biofield energy treatment. In this study, the FTIR, XRD & TGA-DTA analysis of CrO3 was conducted to evaluate changes in its characteristics.
This document summarizes the results of an experiment measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of chlorine isotopes 35Cl, 36Cl, and 37Cl in molten salt solutions. Key findings include:
1) Spin-lattice relaxation times and NMR spectra were measured for the chloride and perchlorate ions in various solutions.
2) Ratios of relaxation times and linewidths between isotopes were consistent with theoretical predictions based on nuclear quadrupole moments.
3) Measurements of the 36Cl relaxation time allowed estimation of its electric quadrupole moment as -0.023 barn.
Synthesis and characterization of some Chromium(III) complexes of dibasic tri...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of four new tridentate Schiff base ligands and their chromium(III) complexes. The ligands were synthesized by condensing hydroxyl aromatic aldehydes or ketones with acid hydrazides. The complexes were synthesized by reacting the ligands with chromium chloride in ethanol. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, thermogravimetric analysis, and electronic spectroscopy. The data indicate that the ligands behave as dibasic tridentate ligands, coordinating to Cr(III) through the ketonic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, and phenolic protons. The complexes have octahedral geometry and 1
CYCLOHEXANE – PHENOL BINARY LIQUID MIXTURE: BEHAVIOR AND PARAMETERS AT CRITIC...ijrap
A new liquid binary cyclohexane - phenol mixture was prepared. The dynamic shear viscosity coefficients of this liquid mixture, for different phenol concentrations and temperatures, were investigated by capillary viscometer made from glass. The dynamic shear viscosity showed an anomaly close to the critical temperature 푇푐 = 17.0 ℃. The anomaly behavior was observed at critical weight concentration of phenol, 푥푐 = 2.70 %. At temperatures above critical one, the experimental data were fitted using mode Coupling Theory. It was found that the dynamic shear viscosity non-critical background had a value of 휂0 = 0.8174 cP. Also, using a pycnometer of 10 ml, density measurements were performed. The expected law for mass density above critical temperature was the power law. The noncritical mass density part was found to have a value of 휌0 = 0.7357 푔푚 푐푚3 . In addition, The isobaric thermal expansion coefficient at critical temperature (훼푝푐) was also deduced and found to have a value of 2.07 × 10−6 ℃−1 . Finally, the derivative of critical temperature with respect to pressure (푇푐 ′ ) was found to have a value 1.22 × 10−4 퐾 푃푎 .
Liquid liquid equilibrium data for n hexane ethylacetate acetonitrile ternay ...Josemar Pereira da Silva
This document presents experimental liquideliquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary system of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile measured at 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the LLE data. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were also calculated from the LLE data, showing that acetonitrile could be used to extract ethyl acetate from n-hexane.
Thermodynamic behavior of tetrahydrofuron in p dioxane, methylcyclohexane and...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the thermodynamic behavior of tetrahydrofuron liquid mixtures with p-dioxane, methylcyclohexane, and cyclohexanol. The study applies an equation of state model to calculate ultrasonic velocity, density, and other thermodynamic parameters. Close agreement was found between calculated and experimental values, indicating the model provides a good representation of molecular clustering in liquid states. Parameters like minimum potential depth and hard sphere diameter were determined for the pure components and in mixtures.
El documento lista 3 productos con sus respectivos precios y cantidades, incluyendo sentra a $2000000, qshkai a $100000 y terrano a $30000, con cantidades de 3, 5 y 10 respectivamente.
Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location on Multi-Storied Res...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the strength of reinforced concrete shear walls at different locations in a multi-story residential building. It describes analyzing a 6-story building model in Hyderabad, India using ETABS software. Four models are considered: without shear walls, with L-shaped shear walls, with perimeter shear walls, and with cross-shaped shear walls. Analysis results show that perimeter shear walls most reduced maximum deflection and drift compared to other models. Shear forces in beams were highest for the perimeter wall model at the ground level and decreased with height. Bending moments in beams were highest for the perimeter wall model at the top level.
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Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of -Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Alcohols
1. Satyanarayana Nallani et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 3), August 2014, pp.164-167
www.ijera.com 164 | P a g e
Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of -Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Alcohols Amara Jyothi Koppula1, Satyanarayana Nallani2, Sathyanarayana Boodida3 1Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Telangana State, India 2Retd. Professor, Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Telangana State, India 3Asst. Professor, Department of Chemistry, JNTUH College of Engineering Jagityal, Karimnagar, Telangana State, India Abstract Densities () and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (VE), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations.
Key Words: -Butyrolactone, Aliphatic alcohols, Excess molar volume, Deviation in isentropic compressibility
I. INTRODUCTION
Studies on thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures provide information on the nature of interactions in the constituent binaries. In continuation of our research program to determine the thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures [1-7], we report here in the excess molar volume (VE) and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) of the binary systems: - butyrolactone (GBL) with homologous series of aliphatic alcohols (1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and 2- butanol). butyrolactone is an important solvent having several advantageous physico-chemical properties such as a broad liquid range (45 0C to 205 0C) and medium relative permittivity (41.65 at 25 0C). It is an excellent electrolytic solvent having wide applications as a medium for any chemical and electrochemical reactions. The usefulness of GBL as a solvent in lithium batteries is broadly known [8-10]. Alcohols are used as hydraulic fluids, in medications for animals, as an antiseptic agent in manufacturing of perfumes, flavors, dyestuffs and paints removers. A survey of literature reveals that these properties are not yet reported for the selected -butyrolactone and alcohol systems. Reddy and Naidu [11-12] have studied the molecular interactions of methyl ethyl ketone and isobutyl ketone with same alcohols. Dharmaraju et.al. [13] have reported the excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities of acetonitrile with alcohols. However, no attempt has been made to study the interactions between GBL and n-alkanols. The results have been fitted to Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation using multiparametric nonlinear regression analysis [14] to derive the binary coefficients and to estimate the standard deviation between experimental and calculated data.
II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
2.1 MATERIALS -butyrolactone (Aldrich, >99 mol %) was purified by fractional distillation under reduced pressure as reported in the literature [15]. 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol were obtained from Merck (>99%) India. All solvents were used after single distillation and the isomeric alcohols were stored over 3A x 1.5 nm molecular sieves. The purity of the samples was tested by measuring their physical properties; density and speed of sound. The experimental densities and speeds of sound of pure substances and their comparison with literature values are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 – Experimental Densities () and Speeds of Sound (u) of Pure Liquids at T = 303.15 K.
10kg·m3)
u/(m·s1)
Component
exptl.
lit.
exptl.
lit.
- Butyrolactone
1.12032
1.1188321
1498.8
1500.022
1-Propanol
0.80801#
0.7995923
1227.5#
1212.024
2-Propanol
0.79560#
0.7810025
1154.7*
1-Butanol
0.80654#
0.806026
1252#
123926
2-Butanol
0.79883
0.7989127
1182.6*
117424
# values at T=298.15K and * values at T=308.15K 2.2 APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE
Binary mixtures were prepared by mass in air tight bottles. The mass measurements were performed on a Dhona 100 DS, India, single pan analytical balance with a resolution of ± 0.01.106 kg. The required properties of the mixture were measured on the same day. The uncertainty in mole fraction was estimated to be less than ± 1.104.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Satyanarayana Nallani et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 3), August 2014, pp.164-167
www.ijera.com 165 | P a g e
Density of pure liquids and their mixtures were determined by using 1.105 m3 double arm pycnometer [7]. The uncertainties in density and excess molar volume values were found to be ± 4.105 g.cm3 and 1.103 cm3 .mol1. Speeds of sound were determined by using an ultrasonic interferometer (Model M-82, Mittal Enterprises, India) operating at 2 MHz frequency. The working principle used in the measurement of the speed of sound through a medium was based on the accurate determination of the wavelength of ultrasonic waves of known frequency produced by a quartz crystal in the measuring cell [4-7] The temperature of the solution was controlled by circulating water at a desired temperature through the jacket of the double-walled cell. The speed of sound was measured with relative uncertainty of 0.3%. In all the property measurements the temperature was controlled within ± 0.01 K using a constant temperature bath (INSREF model IRI-016 C, India), and the temperature was monitored with a platinum resistance thermometer with an accuracy of ± 0.001 K and an uncertainty of ± 0.004 K.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The values of density () and speed of sound (u) for the binary mixtures of -butyrolactone (1) with 1-propanol (2), 2-propanol (2), 1-butanol (2) and 2-butanol (2) at the temperatures of T= 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K along with the mole fraction are listed in Table 2. The density values have been used to calculate excess molar volumes (VE) using the following equation: VE = (x1M1 +x2M2) / m – (x1M1/ 1 +x2M2/ 2) ….(1) where m is the density of the mixture; x1, M1, 1 and x2, M2 and 2 are the mole fraction, molar mass and density of pure components respectively. The speed of sound ‘u’ is used to calculate the isentropic compressibility (s) using the equation s = 1/ (u2.ρ) ….(2) The deviation from isentropic compressibility (s) have been evaluated using the equation s=s–(1s1+2S2) ….(3) wheres1, s2 and s are the isentropic compressibility of the pure components and observed isentropic compressibility of liquid mixture respectively. i is the volume fraction of pure components and is calculated from the individual pure molar volumes, Vi, with the relation: i =xiVi/(ΣxiVi) ….(4) The excess properties Y were fitted by the method of non linear least squares to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial [11] Y = x1x2 ΣAi (x1-x2)i ....(5) In each case, the optimum number of coefficients Ai was determined from an examination of the variation of standard deviation (as calculated by: (Y)= [Σ(Yobs - Y cal ) / ( n – m )] ½ ….(6)
where ‘n’ represents the number of experimental points and ‘m’ is the number of coefficients. It is found that for the solution of the fifth degree polynomial, the agreement between the experimental values and the calculated ones is satisfactory. The derived parameters (Ai) and the estimated standard deviation () for VE and s are given in Table 3. 3.1 MOLAR VOLUME The excess molar volumes (VE) for GBL+1-pro, +2- pro, +1-but and +2-but are observed to be negative over the entire range of composition at temperatures 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K indicating negative deviations from ideal behavior. The largest deviations for all systems are located at x1 ≈ 0.5-0.6 which can be observed from figure 1. The negative VE values for aliphatic alcohols at 303.15 K fall in the sequence: 1-But > 1-Pro> 2-Pro > 2-But > 0
TABLE 2- The Values of Density () and Speed of Sound (u) for the Binary Liquid Mixtures at Various Temperatures (K)
x1
103·/(kg·m3)
u/(m·s1)
303.15
308.15
313.15
303.15
308.15
313.15
-Butyrolactone (1) + 1-Propanol (2)
0.0000
0.8233
0.8180
0.8144
1226.3
1227.5
1219.7
0.0207
0.8309
0.8253
0.8226
1231.4
1234.6
1225.9
0.1409
0.8705
0.8654
0.8628
1264.0
1266.5
1261.2
0.2623
0.9094
0.9041
0.9015
1300.4
1300.6
1296.4
0.3852
0.9474
0.9424
0.9395
1337.8
1338.1
1333.9
0.4913
0.9794
0.9746
0.9715
1368.4
1369.3
1363.1
0.6003
1.0112
1.0064
1.0033
1391.4
1394.5
1386.4
0.7242
1.0462
1.0418
1.0383
1423.2
1420.3
1409.3
0.8512
1.0811
1.0766
1.0727
1457.1
1445.1
1433.9
0.9776
1.1149
1.1095
1.1054
1497.5
1472.9
1466.0
1.0000
1.1203
1.1141
1.1096
1498.8
1480.9
1469.0
-Butyrolactone (1) + 1-Butanol (2)
0.0000
0.8038
0.7991
0.7959
1203.0
1201.7
1205.2
0.0214
0.8111
0.8070
0.8026
1212.5
1216.3
1212.5
0.1441
0.8509
0.8464
0.8420
1238.3
1250.8
1242.5
0.2658
0.8914
0.8866
0.8837
1265.7
1281.2
1272.6
0.3914
0.9326
0.9276
0.9256
1303.4
1313.8
1312.5
0.4966
0.9670
0.9622
0.9596
1336.7
1343.5
1348.3
0.6264
1.0085
1.0026
0.9984
1378.2
1377.0
1382.5
0.7621
1.0522
1.0455
1.0364
1424.4
1410.5
1415.4
0.8728
1.0865
1.0785
1.0699
1456.3
1441.8
1440.8
0.9824
1.1152
1.1095
1.1043
1495.3
1478.6
1464.4
1.0000
1.1203
1.1141
1.1096
1498.8
1480.9
1469.0
-Butyrolactone (1) + 2-Propanol (2)
0.0000
0.7913
0.7857
0.7817
1151.8
1154.7
1144.5
0.0222
0.7988
0.7934
0.7893
1164.0
1161.2
1154.6
0.1463
0.8412
0.8359
0.8316
1204.1
1203.2
1194.1
0.2695
0.8829
0.8775
0.8734
1243.9
1243.5
1234.8
0.3947
0.9251
0.9194
0.9155
1286.3
1284.9
1276.5
0.4999
0.9600
0.9541
0.9504
1326.2
1323.9
1313.6
0.6003
0.9930
0.9867
0.9834
1362.4
1360.4
1346.2
0.7253
1.0335
1.0270
1.0239
1399.4
1398.7
1388.1
0.8510
1.0735
1.0672
1.0635
1438.3
1436.3
1430.5
0.9758
1.1128
1.1066
1.1024
1486.3
1478.0
1472.7
1.0000
1.1203
1.1141
1.1096
1498.8
1480.9
1469.0
-Butyrolactone (1) + 2-Butanol (2)
0.0000
0.7988
0.7936
0.7899
1180.1
1182.6
1180.7
0.0279
0.8067
0.8015
0.7981
1187.3
1187.6
1186.8
0.1719
0.8466
0.8417
0.8383
1218.3
1216.3
1217.1
0.3115
0.8872
0.8824
0.8791
1252.1
1250.5
1251.2
0.4437
0.9275
0.9228
0.9196
1290.3
1289.4
1289.6
0.5500
0.9615
0.9567
0.9535
1326.1
1324.9
1324.2
0.6486
0.9941
0.9891
0.9856
1357.5
1358.7
1355.2
0.7642
1.0340
1.0286
1.0247
1397.0
1397.1
1393.1
0.8748
1.0737
1.0681
1.0639
1439.2
1436.5
1433.2
0.9814
1.1135
1.1073
1.1029
1489.3
1477.5
1470.2
1.0000
1.1203
1.1141
1.1096
1498.8
1480.9
1469.0
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The same trend is also observed at other temperatures (i.e., 308.15 and 313.15 K). The negative VE values are increasing with increasing chain length of the alcohol molecules. The negative VE values suggests that specific interactions [16] are acting between the unlike molecules and these interactions are due to inter-molecular H- bonding. It is well known that alkanols are strongly self associated with degree of association depending on chain length, the position of the –OH group and temperature. GBL structure is stabilized by dipolar-dipole interactions. Thus, both GBL and alkanols are self-associated liquids [17].
Fig. 1 Variation of excess molar volumes (VE) versus mole fraction (x1) of the binary mixtures of -butyrolactone (1) with ○; 1-propanol (2), Δ; 1-butanol (2), □; 2-propanol (2) and ◊; 2-butanol (2) at 303.15 K. The negative VE values for all the systems may also be discussed in terms of several effects which may be arbitrarily divided into physical, chemical and geometrical contributions [18]. The physical interactions involve mainly dispersion forces giving a positive contribution to VE (Aminabhavi et al., 1993). The chemical or specific interactions between constituent molecules of the mixture results decrease in volume. In the present investigation, specific interaction between alkanol and GBL molecules takes place through dipole-dipole interactions, forming the complex through hydrogen bond formation. The structural contributions arising from the geometrical fitting of one component into the other, due to differences in the molar volumes and free volumes between components, lead to negative contributions. The effect of temperature on VE is noteworthy. There is a gradual decrease, followed by an increase in VE with a rise in temperature for all mixtures. 3.2 ISENTROPIC COMPRESSIBILITY
The isotherm of sfor the systems of GBL +1-pro, +2-pro, +1-but and +2-but shows negative deviations over the entire range of volume fraction and become more negative at higher temperatures except in the case of 2- propanol. The negative s values for aliphatic alcohols at 313.15 K fall in the sequence:
1-But > 2-Pro> 1-Pro > 2-But > 0
The observed trend for both VE and s has negative values. This similar trend in both the properties lends support to the existence of specific interactions between GBL and alcohols which leads to volume reduction of the system.
TABLE-3 Binary Coefficients Ai and Corresponding Standard Deviation () of Equation (6)
Temp
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
-Butyrolactone (1) + 1-Propanol (2)
106·VE/(m3·mol-1)
303.15
-1.96
0.39
0.75
0.26
-2.25
0.014
308.15
-2.29
0.12
0.5
-0.37
-2.86
0.014
313.15
-2.66
0.16
0.96
0.41
-4.9
0.025
1011·s/(m2·N-1)
303.15
-21.97
8.16
12.46
-8.702
-16.27
0.094
308.15
-24.44
2.6942
12.17
5.91
-13.04
0.073
313.15
-26.42
6.85
14.55
1.046
-19.36
0.048
-Butyrolactone (1) + 1-Butanol (2)
106·VE/(m3·mol-1)
303.15
-7.08
0.046
-1.192
-1.74
-0.21
0.035
308.15
-7.34
0.19
1.23
-0.05
-3.43
0.042
313.15
-7.88
2.5
6.16
-2.15
-3.64
0.024
1011·s/(m2·N-1)
303.15
-29.2
0.53
11.23
9.23
-23.88
0.224
308.15
-33.199
10.54
13.61
14.102
-44.25
0.303
313.15
-35.33
7.09
20.02
0.61
-25.34
0.124
-Butyrolactone (1) + 2-Propanol (2)
106·VE/(m3·mol-1)
303.15
-1.04
-0.036
0.14
-0.13
0.12
0.004
308.15
-1.08
0.33
0.36
-0.15
-0.73
0.003
313.15
-1.33
-0.18
0.12
-0.02
-0.13
0.007
1011·s/(m2·N-1)
303.15
-32.63
3.25
12.68
20.51
-23.76
0.153
308.15
-33.03
3.59
2.99
4.81
-6.6
0.151
313.15
-34.59
6.21
9.25
-1.37
-30.46
0.152
-Butyrolactone (1) + 2-Butanol (2)
106·VE/(m3·mol-1)
303.15
-0.34
-0.008
0.25
0.29
-1.41
0.008
308.15
-0.7
-0.03
0.41
0.32
-1.56
0.005
313.15
-1.05
-0.02
1.17
0.67
-2.84
0.008
1011·s/(m2·N-1)
303.15
-21.85
1.41
10.36
6.69
-15.36
0.049
308.15
-23.35
-1.73
9.47
0.54
-12.13
0.055
313.15
-25.34
0.503
11.08
-3.16
-23.195
0.063
Kiyohara and Benson [19] suggested that s is the resultant of several opposing effects. A strong molecular interaction through H-bonding, charge transfer, dipole- induced dipole and dipole-dipole interactions [20] and orientation order of molecules which leads to a more compact structure contributes negative s. The magnitude of the various contributions depends mainly on the relative molecular size of the components.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
This paper reports experimental data for density and speed of sound at T = 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K for four binary systems of GBL+1-pro, +2-pro, +1-but and +2- but. The results are analyzed to explain the intermolecular interactions between mixing components.
4. Satyanarayana Nallani et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 3), August 2014, pp.164-167
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Fig. 2 Variation of deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) versus volume fraction (1) of the binary mixtures of -butyrolactone (1) with ○; 1-propanol (2), Δ; 1-butanol (2), □; 2-propanol (2) and ◊; 2-butanol (2) at 303.15 K. Position of hydroxyl group with alkyl chain length has shown significant effects on thermodynamic properties of the investigated systems. The computed excess molar volume (VE) and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) values are fitted to Redlich-Kister type equation.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
One of the authors (AJK) is thankful to Dr. K. Sampath Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Statistics, Telangana University, Nizamabad (Andhra Pradesh, India) for his assistance in calculating the coefficients of polynomial equation of various degrees through non-linear regression analysis. REFERENCES [1]. Sathyanarayana B, Ranjith Kumar B, Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 39, 2007, 16. [2]. Satyanarayana N, Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, 2007, 405. [3]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 38, 2006, 272. [4]. Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 44, 2006, 587. [5]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50, 2005, 89. [6]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. Indian J. Chem., 44A, 2005, 1365. [7]. Ranjith Kumar B, Murali Krishna P, Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T, Sathyanarayana N. Indian J. Chem., 47A, 2008, 1026. [8]. George Ritzoulis, Doukeni Missopolinou, Stauroula Doulami, Costas Panayiotou J. Chem. Eng. Data, 45, 2000, 636.
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