Isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of erythrosine dye onto activated carbon from Periwinkle shell was carried out. The Periwinkle shell were washed, dried, carbonized at 400oC, crushed, sieved, chemically activated at 800oC, cooled, washed and dried at 110oC. Variable influencing factors, such as contact time, temperature and concentration were studied through single-factor experiment, while other factors are kept constant (at 30min, 30oC and 50mg/L) in each adsorption experiment. From the adsorption isotherms, the correlation coefficient for Redlich-Peterson is closer to unity than others used in the adsorption. The adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-second order reaction, while the thermodynamic parameters, (∆H) = 13.49KJ/mol, (∆S) = 43.48J/mol.K and (∆G) = 0.4, 0.06, -0.15, -0.27, -0.54, -7.30KJ/mol. These results obtained show that activated carbon from Periwinkle shell will be a good low-cost adsorbent for the removal of erythrosine from aqueous solution.
Adsorption Studies of an Acid Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Lagerstroemia ...IJMER
The effectiveness of adsorption for acid dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid Violet 4BS onto seeds of Lagerstroemia indica (LIS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto LIS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and
Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than
the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using adsorption data. The maximum removal of Acid Violet 4BS by the adsorbent was obtained at pH 2. The maximum percentage of dye removal (86.67%) was obtained at an initial dye concentration of 10mg/L with adsorbent dosage of 50 mg per 50 ml of dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of acid violet 4BS could be described by the pseudo-second order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption
isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the
Gibbs energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS
0) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found
to be spontaneous, exothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent LIS was found to have
a low cost and was promising for the removal of acid violet 4BS from aqueous solutions
Equilibrium and kinetic study on chromium (vi) removal from simulatedGJESM Publication
Gooseberry seed (Phyllanthus acidus) was used as an adsorbent to determine its feasibility for the removal of Cr(VI). Various parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial metal concentration and adsorbent dosage were investigated to determine the biosorption performance. Equilibrium was attained within 60 minutes and maximum removal of 96% was achieved under the optimum conditions at pH 2. The adsorption phenomenon demonstrated here was monolayer represented by Langmuir isotherm with R2 value of 0.992 and the Langmuir constants k and q0 was found to be 0.0061 (L/mg) and 19.23 (mg/g). The adsorption system obeyed Pseudo second order kinetics with R2 value of 0.999. The results of the present study indicated that gooseberry seed powder can be employed as adsorbent for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium economically.
Chemical Examination Of Sandbox (Hura Crepitans) Seed: Proximate, Elemental A...IOSRJAC
A study in terms of proximate, elemental and fatty acid contents of (Hura crepitans) seed was investigated using standard analytical techniques. The results of proximate composition in % were as follows: moisture 12.82 ± 0.01, crude protein 24.76 ±0.04, crude fibre 10.15 ± 0.03, fat 10.68 ± 0.01, ash 3.16 ± 0.02 and carbohydrate 34.75 ± 0.05. The elemental composition of the seed showed Na, K, Ca and Mg in mg/100g to be 6.00 ± 0.01, 123.00 ± 0.02, 10.40 ± 0.03, 112.00 ± 0.01 respectively while other elements determined in mg/kg were Fe and Zn with 7.10 ±0.04 and 2.60± 0.01. The (%) free fatty acid compositions of the seed oil were as follows: lauric (1.310 ±0.015), palmitic (0.389 ±0.012), palmitoleic (1.211 ±0.013), stearic (2.436 ± 0.004), oleic (6.138 ±0.003), linoleic (8.625 ±0.001) and linolenic (2.469 ± 0.102). The results revealed linoleic and oleic acids to be the most common in terms of abundance while palmitic acid was the least. The seed of Hura crepitans could be described as a good food because it contained significant amount of essential nutrients required by man.
Adsorption Studies of an Acid Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Lagerstroemia ...IJMER
The effectiveness of adsorption for acid dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid Violet 4BS onto seeds of Lagerstroemia indica (LIS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto LIS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and
Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than
the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using adsorption data. The maximum removal of Acid Violet 4BS by the adsorbent was obtained at pH 2. The maximum percentage of dye removal (86.67%) was obtained at an initial dye concentration of 10mg/L with adsorbent dosage of 50 mg per 50 ml of dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of acid violet 4BS could be described by the pseudo-second order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption
isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the
Gibbs energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS
0) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found
to be spontaneous, exothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent LIS was found to have
a low cost and was promising for the removal of acid violet 4BS from aqueous solutions
Equilibrium and kinetic study on chromium (vi) removal from simulatedGJESM Publication
Gooseberry seed (Phyllanthus acidus) was used as an adsorbent to determine its feasibility for the removal of Cr(VI). Various parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial metal concentration and adsorbent dosage were investigated to determine the biosorption performance. Equilibrium was attained within 60 minutes and maximum removal of 96% was achieved under the optimum conditions at pH 2. The adsorption phenomenon demonstrated here was monolayer represented by Langmuir isotherm with R2 value of 0.992 and the Langmuir constants k and q0 was found to be 0.0061 (L/mg) and 19.23 (mg/g). The adsorption system obeyed Pseudo second order kinetics with R2 value of 0.999. The results of the present study indicated that gooseberry seed powder can be employed as adsorbent for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium economically.
Chemical Examination Of Sandbox (Hura Crepitans) Seed: Proximate, Elemental A...IOSRJAC
A study in terms of proximate, elemental and fatty acid contents of (Hura crepitans) seed was investigated using standard analytical techniques. The results of proximate composition in % were as follows: moisture 12.82 ± 0.01, crude protein 24.76 ±0.04, crude fibre 10.15 ± 0.03, fat 10.68 ± 0.01, ash 3.16 ± 0.02 and carbohydrate 34.75 ± 0.05. The elemental composition of the seed showed Na, K, Ca and Mg in mg/100g to be 6.00 ± 0.01, 123.00 ± 0.02, 10.40 ± 0.03, 112.00 ± 0.01 respectively while other elements determined in mg/kg were Fe and Zn with 7.10 ±0.04 and 2.60± 0.01. The (%) free fatty acid compositions of the seed oil were as follows: lauric (1.310 ±0.015), palmitic (0.389 ±0.012), palmitoleic (1.211 ±0.013), stearic (2.436 ± 0.004), oleic (6.138 ±0.003), linoleic (8.625 ±0.001) and linolenic (2.469 ± 0.102). The results revealed linoleic and oleic acids to be the most common in terms of abundance while palmitic acid was the least. The seed of Hura crepitans could be described as a good food because it contained significant amount of essential nutrients required by man.
Laboratory investigation of insecticide O,O diethyl O-2 isopropyl 6- methyl pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate insecticide adsorption using olive stones activated by phosphoric acid was carried out. The influence of several factors governing insecticide adsorption such as dosage, temperature, pH and time in addition to specific surface area of the prepared carbon was investigated. The obtained results showed that the adsorption was found to increase with increasing temperature and pH and the activated carbon prepared from olive stones has higher surface area (>700 m2g-1). Also, the removal of insecticide increased with the lapse of time; an olive stone activated by phosphoric acid has 75.6 % insecticide removal efficiency in comparison with that of activated carbon. The experimental results have been fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm better fitted the experimental data since the average percent deviations were lower than with Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, activated carbon from olive stones is a suitable adsorbent and adsorption of 90% is possible in the high temperature, pH and adsorbent dosages.
Adsorption of Methylene blue and Malachite Green in Aqueous Solution using Ja...IJEAB
The adsorption of mixture of two basic dyes methylene blue and malachite green in aqueous solution onto jack fruit leaf ash in a batch system with respect to initial dye concentrations, pH, contact time, shaker speed and adsorbent doses was investigated.. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second- order kinetics model were used to describe the kinetic data. The rate constants at different pH values (3-9.1) were evaluated. The experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacity was 20.41mg/g was achieved by Langmuir isotherm model. Error analysis was done to find the best model that described the experimental data well and it was the Langmuir model. The result indicated that jack fruit leaf ash could be fruitfully employed as low cost adsorbent for the removal of mixture of two basic dyes MB and MG from the wastewater.
STUDIES ON TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE EFFLUENTS BY POLYMER MATERIALS M...EDITOR IJCRCPS
In the present study, sorption technique was used to achieve the optimum recovery of the pharmaceutical waste from effluents.
The modified urea formaldehyde resin was prepared and mixed with inorganic adsorbent at various proportions. The removal
capabilities of pharmaceutical waste by the prepared composite materials were investigated. Different factors affecting the uptake
such as contact time, pH value and aqueous volume to resin weight ratio have been investigated. The reaction mechanisms and
the optimum conditions for the treatment were deduced in the light of the obtained results.
Keywords: Sorption technique, Pharmaceutical waste, Different factors.
Adsorption Studies of Arsenic Removal on Activated Carbon Derived from Deloni...ijsrd.com
the present study deals with removal of arsenic from aqueous solution using low cost activated carbon prepared from Delonix regia (Gulmohar seed pods). In adsorption solute present in dilute concentration in liquid or gas phase is removed by contacting with suitable solid adsorbent so that the transfer of component first takes place on the surface of the solid and then into pore of the solid. Batch adsorption studies were conducted by varying the contact time, adsorbent dosage & pH.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of rhodamine-b dye onto organoclayInnspub Net
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of Rhoda mine-B (RB) on organoclay (OC). Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 7±0.3, 298, 308 and 318 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (∆G°), entropy change (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) were calculated for OC. These values showed that adsorption of RB on OC was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Adsorption behaviour of dextrin onto activated oyster shelleSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of initial dextrin concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and added calcium ion on the adsorption behaviour of dextrin onto oyster shell is investigated. The results obtained show that increase in concentration and temperature below the boiling point of dextrin enhances the adsorption process. It was found in this study that adsorption density varies with pH and is maximum within the range of 2 to 7. The plot of amount of dextrin adsorbed against the concentration of the adsorbate was hyperbolic which conforms to Legmir isotherm. The free energy of dextrin oyster shell adsorption system was found to be 13.23kg/mol and the specific area of the oyster shell for this work was 70.8m 2/g.
Keywords: Adsorption, dextrin, oyster shell, behaviour, crushing, drying
Rheological behavior and thermal stability of palmitoyl chitosan varying the ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin using TiO2 in a Slurry Photocatal...ijtsrd
A slurry photocatalytic reactor assessed for the degradation of ciprofloxacin CFX . The effect of operating parameters like initial ciprofloxacin concentration, catalyst dosage and pH on ciprofloxacin degradation was analysed in this study. Batch study was conducted and it showed 90 degradation of the CFX. It was observed the optimum concentration of CFX was 1500 µg l, catalyst dosage was 1 g l at the pH of 9 for the duration of 3 hours. The photocatalytic degradation of CFX followed the pseudo first order kinetics. Karthika. V | Vedavalli. S | Afreen Begum. M "Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin using TiO2 in a Slurry Photocatalytic Reactor: Optimization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31224.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/31224/photocatalytic-degradation-of-ciprofloxacin-using-tio2-in-a-slurry-photocatalytic-reactor-optimization/karthika-v
Degradation of mono azo dye in aqueous solution using cast iron filingseSAT Journals
Abstract The mono-azo dye, Orange II, solution was substantially degraded with cast iron particles under varied conditions of experimental variables such as pH, initial dye concentration and cast iron dosage.At all solution pH studied, the degradation efficiency achieved was > 90%. With an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L and optimum cast iron load of 28.56 g/L, the optimum degradation efficiency of 97.63% was achieved at pH 3. With same cast iron load and solution pH, more than 95% dye degradation efficiency was achieved at different initial Orange II concentrations ranging from 50-500 mg/L. The efficiency of cast iron particles in degrading Orange II dye was compared with that of pure elemental iron used in other study. Cast iron particles showed better degradation efficiencies than elemental iron that too at relatively lower dosages. Ultimately, from the results it can be inferred that cast iron fillings can be successfully applied to treat textile effluents containing high dye concentration and treatment efficiency can be enhanced by optimizing the reaction conditions. Index Terms: azo dyes, Orange II, degradation efficiency, cast iron fillings
— The biosorption of Malathion from aqueous solution by green algal biomass was investigated. The green algae used were of the species Spirogyra and was collected from Neugal river near Sujanpur, Himachal Pradesh. Batch biosorption experiments were performed to examine the effect of contact time, pH, biomass concentration and initial Malathion concentration. The concentration of residual Malathion concentration after biosorption was determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 309 nm. The maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 7 after a contact time of 5 hours with initial Malathion concentration of 100 mg/L and biomass of weight 75 mg. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Freundlich isotherm was found to be more favorable than Langmuir isotherm.
Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for
the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto
composite activated carbon. The composite activated carbon was
prepared from brewer’s spent grain and sea bean shell at a ratio
of 1:1. The equilibrium studies were done at different
concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium data were
fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and
Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that both Lagmuir
and Freundlich isotherm model fitted the data reasonably well
but Freundlich isotherm fitted better in the temperature range
studied. This confirmed that the adsorption is heterogeneous,
non-specific and non-uniform in nature. Kinetic studies were also
undertaken in terms of first order, second order, pseudo first
order, pseudo second order, Elovich, Boyd, and intra-particle
diffusion models. The results indicated that the data followed
pseudo second order model with surface adsorption and intraparticle
diffusion concurrently operating during the adsorbateadsorbent
interaction. The values of the thermodynamic
parameters computed from Van’t Hoff plot confirmed the
process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Laboratory investigation of insecticide O,O diethyl O-2 isopropyl 6- methyl pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate insecticide adsorption using olive stones activated by phosphoric acid was carried out. The influence of several factors governing insecticide adsorption such as dosage, temperature, pH and time in addition to specific surface area of the prepared carbon was investigated. The obtained results showed that the adsorption was found to increase with increasing temperature and pH and the activated carbon prepared from olive stones has higher surface area (>700 m2g-1). Also, the removal of insecticide increased with the lapse of time; an olive stone activated by phosphoric acid has 75.6 % insecticide removal efficiency in comparison with that of activated carbon. The experimental results have been fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm better fitted the experimental data since the average percent deviations were lower than with Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, activated carbon from olive stones is a suitable adsorbent and adsorption of 90% is possible in the high temperature, pH and adsorbent dosages.
Adsorption of Methylene blue and Malachite Green in Aqueous Solution using Ja...IJEAB
The adsorption of mixture of two basic dyes methylene blue and malachite green in aqueous solution onto jack fruit leaf ash in a batch system with respect to initial dye concentrations, pH, contact time, shaker speed and adsorbent doses was investigated.. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second- order kinetics model were used to describe the kinetic data. The rate constants at different pH values (3-9.1) were evaluated. The experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacity was 20.41mg/g was achieved by Langmuir isotherm model. Error analysis was done to find the best model that described the experimental data well and it was the Langmuir model. The result indicated that jack fruit leaf ash could be fruitfully employed as low cost adsorbent for the removal of mixture of two basic dyes MB and MG from the wastewater.
STUDIES ON TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE EFFLUENTS BY POLYMER MATERIALS M...EDITOR IJCRCPS
In the present study, sorption technique was used to achieve the optimum recovery of the pharmaceutical waste from effluents.
The modified urea formaldehyde resin was prepared and mixed with inorganic adsorbent at various proportions. The removal
capabilities of pharmaceutical waste by the prepared composite materials were investigated. Different factors affecting the uptake
such as contact time, pH value and aqueous volume to resin weight ratio have been investigated. The reaction mechanisms and
the optimum conditions for the treatment were deduced in the light of the obtained results.
Keywords: Sorption technique, Pharmaceutical waste, Different factors.
Adsorption Studies of Arsenic Removal on Activated Carbon Derived from Deloni...ijsrd.com
the present study deals with removal of arsenic from aqueous solution using low cost activated carbon prepared from Delonix regia (Gulmohar seed pods). In adsorption solute present in dilute concentration in liquid or gas phase is removed by contacting with suitable solid adsorbent so that the transfer of component first takes place on the surface of the solid and then into pore of the solid. Batch adsorption studies were conducted by varying the contact time, adsorbent dosage & pH.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of rhodamine-b dye onto organoclayInnspub Net
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of Rhoda mine-B (RB) on organoclay (OC). Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 7±0.3, 298, 308 and 318 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (∆G°), entropy change (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) were calculated for OC. These values showed that adsorption of RB on OC was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Adsorption behaviour of dextrin onto activated oyster shelleSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of initial dextrin concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and added calcium ion on the adsorption behaviour of dextrin onto oyster shell is investigated. The results obtained show that increase in concentration and temperature below the boiling point of dextrin enhances the adsorption process. It was found in this study that adsorption density varies with pH and is maximum within the range of 2 to 7. The plot of amount of dextrin adsorbed against the concentration of the adsorbate was hyperbolic which conforms to Legmir isotherm. The free energy of dextrin oyster shell adsorption system was found to be 13.23kg/mol and the specific area of the oyster shell for this work was 70.8m 2/g.
Keywords: Adsorption, dextrin, oyster shell, behaviour, crushing, drying
Rheological behavior and thermal stability of palmitoyl chitosan varying the ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin using TiO2 in a Slurry Photocatal...ijtsrd
A slurry photocatalytic reactor assessed for the degradation of ciprofloxacin CFX . The effect of operating parameters like initial ciprofloxacin concentration, catalyst dosage and pH on ciprofloxacin degradation was analysed in this study. Batch study was conducted and it showed 90 degradation of the CFX. It was observed the optimum concentration of CFX was 1500 µg l, catalyst dosage was 1 g l at the pH of 9 for the duration of 3 hours. The photocatalytic degradation of CFX followed the pseudo first order kinetics. Karthika. V | Vedavalli. S | Afreen Begum. M "Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin using TiO2 in a Slurry Photocatalytic Reactor: Optimization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31224.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/31224/photocatalytic-degradation-of-ciprofloxacin-using-tio2-in-a-slurry-photocatalytic-reactor-optimization/karthika-v
Degradation of mono azo dye in aqueous solution using cast iron filingseSAT Journals
Abstract The mono-azo dye, Orange II, solution was substantially degraded with cast iron particles under varied conditions of experimental variables such as pH, initial dye concentration and cast iron dosage.At all solution pH studied, the degradation efficiency achieved was > 90%. With an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L and optimum cast iron load of 28.56 g/L, the optimum degradation efficiency of 97.63% was achieved at pH 3. With same cast iron load and solution pH, more than 95% dye degradation efficiency was achieved at different initial Orange II concentrations ranging from 50-500 mg/L. The efficiency of cast iron particles in degrading Orange II dye was compared with that of pure elemental iron used in other study. Cast iron particles showed better degradation efficiencies than elemental iron that too at relatively lower dosages. Ultimately, from the results it can be inferred that cast iron fillings can be successfully applied to treat textile effluents containing high dye concentration and treatment efficiency can be enhanced by optimizing the reaction conditions. Index Terms: azo dyes, Orange II, degradation efficiency, cast iron fillings
— The biosorption of Malathion from aqueous solution by green algal biomass was investigated. The green algae used were of the species Spirogyra and was collected from Neugal river near Sujanpur, Himachal Pradesh. Batch biosorption experiments were performed to examine the effect of contact time, pH, biomass concentration and initial Malathion concentration. The concentration of residual Malathion concentration after biosorption was determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 309 nm. The maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 7 after a contact time of 5 hours with initial Malathion concentration of 100 mg/L and biomass of weight 75 mg. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Freundlich isotherm was found to be more favorable than Langmuir isotherm.
Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for
the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto
composite activated carbon. The composite activated carbon was
prepared from brewer’s spent grain and sea bean shell at a ratio
of 1:1. The equilibrium studies were done at different
concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium data were
fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and
Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that both Lagmuir
and Freundlich isotherm model fitted the data reasonably well
but Freundlich isotherm fitted better in the temperature range
studied. This confirmed that the adsorption is heterogeneous,
non-specific and non-uniform in nature. Kinetic studies were also
undertaken in terms of first order, second order, pseudo first
order, pseudo second order, Elovich, Boyd, and intra-particle
diffusion models. The results indicated that the data followed
pseudo second order model with surface adsorption and intraparticle
diffusion concurrently operating during the adsorbateadsorbent
interaction. The values of the thermodynamic
parameters computed from Van’t Hoff plot confirmed the
process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Adsorption Studies of an Acid Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Lagerstroemia I...IJMER
The effectiveness of adsorption for acid dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal
alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid Violet 4BS onto seeds of
Lagerstroemia indica (LIS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact
time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto
LIS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and
Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than
the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using
adsorption data. The maximum removal of Acid Violet 4BS by the adsorbent was obtained at pH 2. The
maximum percentage of dye removal (86.67%) was obtained at an initial dye concentration of 10mg/L
with adsorbent dosage of 50 mg per 50 ml of dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of acid violet 4BS
could be described by the pseudo-second order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption
isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the
Gibbs energy (ΔG
0
), enthalpy (ΔH
0
), and entropy (ΔS
0
) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found
to be spontaneous, exothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent LIS was found to have
a low cost and was promising for the removal of acid violet 4BS from aqueous solutions
Defluoridization Using a Natural Adsorbent, Strychnos PotatorumIJERA Editor
The study assessed the suitability of low-cost natural adsorbent to effectively remediate fluoride contaminated water. The removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using Strychnos Potatorum was studied in batch technique. Influence of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, co ions, speed and initial concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The maximum removal of fluoride ion was obtained at pH 7. The removal of fluoride was expressed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. It was found that the sufficient time for adsorption equilibrium of fluoride ion was 1 hour. The removal of fluoride ions was maximum for the adsorbent dosage of SP is 50mg/50ml. The fluoride adsorption was maximum at 60minutes. The adsorption of F- ion was maximum in the shaking speed of 120 rpm. The presence of interfering ions such as nitrate and carbonate showed positive effect while sulphate and chloride showed little negative effect and phosphate showed high negative effect for the adsorbent. The optimum initial fluoride concentration for SP adsorbent was 1mg/50ml.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Doped wi...IJERA Editor
The polyaniline were prepared by using different inorganic and organic acids via oxidative polymerization
method. The prepared samples were characterized by FTIR, the peaks are found to be at 507 cm˗1, 592 cm˗1, 798
cm˗1, 1138 cm˗1, 1244 cm˗1, 1302 cm˗1, 1471 cm˗1 and 1556 cm˗1. These predominant peaks may be
confirming the formation of polyaniline. The structural analysis was studied by employing XRD; found that
polyaniline is amorphous in nature. The SEM studies reveal that they are agglomerated, irregular and size of
these grain increases with increasing amount of polyaniline with different organic and inorganic acids. The dc
conductivity (dc) as a function of temperature (T) for polyaniline is studied in the temperature range from 30 to
1600C. At higher temperature it is found that conductivity increases because of hopping of polarons from one
localized states to another localized states. The ac conductivity of polyaniline was prepared by oxalic acid show
high conductivity at 106 Hz. This is due to the space charge polarization and electrode polarizations.
Optimal Process Parameters for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Thermally ...inventionjournals
In this work, the optimal parameters for the adsorption of MB by Enugu White clay as a local
adsorbent was investigated. The clay was obtained from Enugu, South-East province of Nigeria. In the research
work, the physicochemical properties, such as moisture content, volatile matter, specific surface area, and
oxides of metals, and also the effect of thermal activation on them were analyzed. Standard gravimetric methods
were used to characterized the clay. The pH value was determined with a pH meter, while the metal oxides and
Silicate, Alumina and oxide of Fe, were determined using EEL flame photometer and Pye-Unican
Spectrophotometer respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also determined by carrying out
experiments using a batch reactor, and the results showed that Psuedo second order kinetic model fits the MB,
adsorption best, with rate constant of 0.2279g/mg.min and activation energy of 303.4J/mol.K. Equilibrium
results showed that MB adsorption by Enugu while clay can be correlated using both Freundlich and Langmuir
adsorption isotherms. Palm Oil was also used to test the bleaching performance of the activated clay, and the
results showed the clay to be effective. Response surface methodology (RSM), via Central Composite
Design,(CCD), was applied in the determination of the optimal adsorption conditions, as time – 100min,
adsorbent dosage – 0.2g, pH – 8 and MB concentration 80mg//lit. The predicted concentration value was
82.83% at 0.967 desirability. The result showed that Enugu white clay has a good adsorptive capacity and can
be used as a cheap and effective local adsorbent for the removal of pigments during refining of vegetable oils.
Effect of dyeing parameters on dyeing of cotton fabrics with fluoro chloro py...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Nitrated biomass of Cicer...IOSR Journals
Investigation of removal of methylene blue by nitrated biomass of Cicer arientinum is conducted in batch conditions. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, sorbent dose, pH and temperature has been studied. Adsorption kinetic modeling data were found out. The kinetics of biosorption results shows that sorption process is well explained by pseudo–second order model with determination coefficients higher than 0.99 for sorbent under all experimental conditions. The value Kp is found to be 0.652 to 2.43 for initial and final concentrations. Thermodynamic parameter via KD, ΔG has also been calculated to determine the spontaneity of the process. The low value of activation energy indicates that sorption is an activated and physical process. The Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model show liquid-film, mass transfer is effective sorption mechanism. Thus nitrated biomass of Cicer areintinum is a low cost and easily available efficiently used as an excellent sorbent for the removal of MB+ from wastewater. It can be safely concluded that biomass of Cicer arientinum is much economical effectual, viable and can be an alternative to more costly adsorbents.
Proposing a new empirical adsorption isotherm known as Adejo-Ekwenchi isothermIOSR Journals
The derivation of an adsorption isotherm is, largely, by empirical deductions on which basis isotherms like the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Frumkin, Flory-Huggins, El-Awady, Dubinin-Radushkevich, etc. were developed. We hereby propose yet another two-parameter empirical adsorption isotherm known as Adejo-Ekwenchi isotherm, derived from the data obtained from our corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M H2SO4 using three plant extracts using weight loss method studied at the temperature between 303 and 315 K. The isotherm is centred on the fact that, for any adsorption process, the amount of adsorbate uptake from bulk concentration is, always, inversely proportional to the difference between the total available surface on the adsorbent and the fraction that is covered by the adsorbate at a given temperature, prior to the attainment of maximum value of surface coverage. Therefore, at any time during the adsorption process, (1 - θ) is the available surface and this decreases with increase in concentration, and thus;
(1)
“Equation 1” in a linear form is,
log1/(1–θ) = logKAE + blogC (2)
“Equation 2” is known as Adejo-Ekwenchi isotherm. Results obtained therefrom the isotherm correlate very well with those obtained through other well-known isotherms.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Similar to Isothermal, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Erythrosine Dye onto Activated Carbon from Periwinkle Shell (20)
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
Isothermal, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Erythrosine Dye onto Activated Carbon from Periwinkle Shell
1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 977
Isothermal, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
of the Adsorption of Erythrosine Dye onto
Activated Carbon from Periwinkle Shell
Ikhazuangbe1
, P.M.O., Kamen2
, F.L., Okwara3
, C.A., Orga4
, A.C., Oghome5
, P.I.
Chemical engineering department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Abstract— Isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
of the adsorption of erythrosine dye onto activated carbon
from Periwinkle shell was carried out. The Periwinkle shell
were washed, dried, carbonized at 400o
C, crushed, sieved,
chemically activated at 800o
C, cooled, washed and dried at
110o
C. Variable influencing factors, such as contact time,
temperature and concentration were studied through single-
factor experiment, while other factors are kept constant (at
30min, 30o
C and 50mg/L) in each adsorption experiment.
From the adsorption isotherms, the correlation coefficient
for Redlich-Peterson is closer to unity than others used in
the adsorption. The adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-
second order reaction, while the thermodynamic
parameters, (∆H) = 13.49KJ/mol, (∆S) = 43.48J/mol.K and
(∆𝐺) = 0.4, 0.06, -0.15, -0.27, -0.54, -7.30KJ/mol. These
results obtained show that activated carbon from
Periwinkle shell will be a good low-cost adsorbent for the
removal of erythrosine from aqueous solution.
Keywords— Adsorption, Erythrosine, Kinetic, Periwinkle
shell, Thermodynamic.
I. INTRODUCTION
Discharge of colored wastewater from textile, paper,
plastics, cosmetics and food industries in the waterways are
the first detectable contaminants and in appearance create
adverse conditions. Since most of the dyes are stable against
light and heat and remain biologically indecomposable, it is
difficult to remove them from the water. In some cases,
decolorization of the industrial wastewater proved to be a
major environmental issue [4].
The coloration of the water by the dyes causes inhibitory
effect on photosynthesis affecting aquatic ecosystems. The
role of dyes in connection with variety of skin, lung and
other respiratory disorder has been reported worldwide. The
discharge of highly colored effluent into natural water
bodies is not only aesthetically displeasing, but it also
impedes light penetration, thus upsetting biological
processes within a stream. In addition, many dyes are toxic
to some organisms causing direct destruction of aquatic
communities. Therefore, it is required to adopt appropriate
methods for treatment of such wastewater before its
discharge to the environment [5].
In this study, the ability of Periwinkle shell carbon to
remove erythrosine by adsorption is been studied. The
adsorption capacity of the dye will also examined using the
adsorption isotherm technique. The Langmuir, Freundlich
and Redlich-Peterson isotherms will used to fit the
equilibrium data. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order
models, activation energy and thermodynamic equations
will be used to fit the experimental data [3].
II. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1 Preparation of adsorbents
Sample of Periwinkle shells were picked from the
environment in Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. The Periwinkle
shells were washed with tap several times to remove the
dust and other water- soluble materials. The process
continues until the washing water was colorless. They were
respectively dried in the open air. The dried Periwinkle
shell was carbonized in a furnace (SX-5-12) at 400˚C for 3
hours and the charred were allowed to cool to room
temperature, ground and sieved (150 - 600𝜇m). It was
chemically activated by weighing 100gram of the ground
carbonized charred in 300 ml of 0.1M HCl solution,
thoroughly mixed and heated until it formed slurry. The
slurry was transferred to a crucible and heated in a furnace
(SX-5-12) at 800˚C for 3 hours and allowed to cool to room
temperature and washed with de-ionized water, dried in an
oven at 110˚C for 2 hours [1].
2.2 Preparation of adsorbate
The Erythrosine used is of laboratory grade (KEM LIGHT,
India). The solution was prepared in de-ionized water from
Ion-exchange (Indian) Ltd, Eleme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
An accurately weighed quantity of the dye was dissolved in
de-ionized water to prepare the standard solution.
2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 978
Experimental solutions of the desired concentrations were
obtained by successive dilutions with de-ionized water.
2.3 Adsorption experiment
1000mg of the activated carbon of Periwinkle shell was
mixed with 50ml of Congo red solution of the desired
concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150mg/L) at 30o
C
in a temperature controlled water bath with constant
shaking. The samples were withdrawn after 30 minutes and
dye solutions were separated from the adsorbent using
Whatmann filter paper. The concentration of the filtrate was
measured with a UV spectrophotometer (2OD) at 524nm.
The experiment was repeated using 1000mg of the activated
carbon with 50ml of 50mg/L concentration of erythrosine
solution at 30o
C in a temperature controlled water bath with
constant shaking. The samples were withdrawn after 30, 60,
90, 120, 150 and 180minutes respectively and filtered using
Whatmann filter paper. The concentration of the filtrate was
measured with a UV spectrophotometer (2OD) at 524nm.
Again 1000mg of the activated carbon mixed with 50ml of
50mg/L concentration of erythrosine solution at 30, 35, 40,
45, 50 and 55o
C in a temperature controlled water bath (DK
– 420) with constant shaking was also carried out. The
samples were withdrawn after 30minutes respectively
filtered and the concentration measured.
The adsorption amount of erythrosine dye adsorbed onto the
Periwinkle shell adsorbent at equilibrium was calculated
with the following equation:
𝑞 𝑒 =
(𝐶 𝑜− 𝐶 𝑒)𝑉
𝑋
1
Where C0 (mg/L) and Ce (mg/L) are the initial and
equilibrium concentration of the dye, V (L) is the volume of
solution, X (g) is the weight of adsorbent in one container.
III. THEORY
3.1 Adsorption isotherms
Adsorption isotherms of erythrosine were measured using
concentration-variation method at constant temperature,
time and volume [3].
3.1.1 Adsorption Isotherm Langmuir adsorption isotherm
(model)
The model represents one of the first theoretical treatments
of non-linear adsorption and suggests that uptake occurs on
a homogenous surface by monolayer adsorption without
interaction between adsorbed molecules. The rate change of
concentration due to adsorption should be equal to the rate
of concentration due to desorption. As a result, the
Langmuir isotherm is as expressed in equation 3
𝑞 𝑒 =
𝑎 𝑏 𝐶 𝑒
1+𝑎 𝐶 𝑒
2
𝐶𝑒
𝑞𝑒
=
1
𝑏 𝑄𝑜
+
𝐶𝑒
𝑄 𝑜
3
Where Qo and b are Langmuir constants qe, is amount of
solute removed or adsorbed at equilibrium. Ce, is
equilibrium concentration of mixtures. Thus Qo, b and the
squared of the regression coefficient (R2
), are adsorption
parameters estimated by Langmuir model. It has been well
documented that the essential characteristic of the Langmuir
isotherm may be expressed in terms of the dimensionless
parameter (RL) has been defined as isotherm shape that
predicts if an adsorption system is favorable or unfavorable.
RL is considered as a reliable indicator of the adsorption
process. RL also indicates the assumption characteristics:
RL> 1 (is unfavorable)
RL = 1 (linear adsorption)
0 < RL< 1 (is favorable)
RL =
1
1+𝑏 𝐶 𝑜
[3] 4
3.1.2 Freundlich adsorption isotherm (model)
The Freundlich isotherm is an empirical relationship which
often gives a more satisfactory model of experimental data.
The Freundlich model can be applied onto heterogeneous
surface involving multilayer adsorption. It can be expressed
as follows:
Kf 𝐶𝑒
1
𝑛⁄
5
However, the linearized Freundlich adsorption isotherm can
be expressed in the form;
Log𝑞 𝑒 = Log (Kf) +
1
𝑛
Log Ce 6
Where Ce and qe are equilibrium concentration and
adsorption capacity at equilibrium stage, while Kf and n are
Freundlich constants which incorporates all factors
affecting the adsorption process (adsorption capacity and
intensity). Values of Kf and n can be obtained from the
intercept and slope of a plot of adsorption capacity, qe
against equilibrium concentration Ce. Both parameters Kf
and n affect the adsorption isotherm. The larger the Kf and n
values, the higher the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the
magnitude of the exponent n gives an indication of the
favorability of the adsorption process [3].
3.1.3 Redlich-Peterson isotherm (model)
The Redlich-Peterson (R-P) isotherm model can be
represented as
𝑞 𝑒 =
𝐾 𝑅 𝐶 𝑒
1+ 𝑎 𝑅 𝐶 𝑅
𝛽 7
Where KR is the R-P isotherm constant (1/mg), aR is also a
constant (
1
𝑚𝑔
)
1
𝛽 and 𝛽 is the exponent which lies between 0
and 1.
3.2 Adsorption kinetics
The pseudo first order and second order kinetic models need
to be tested at different concentrations in this study to
determine which model is in good agreement with
3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 979
experiment qe (adsorption capacity) value, thus suggesting
which model the adsorption system follows.
3.2.1 Pseudo-first order equation
The Largergren model assumes a first order adsorption
kinetics and can be represented by the equation.
𝑑𝑞 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
= K1(𝑞 𝑒 − 𝑞𝑡) 8
Log (qe – qt) = Log(qe ) -
𝐾1
2.303
t 9
The values of Log (qe – qt) were linearly correlated with t.
The plot of Log (qe – qt) versus t should give a linear
relationship from which K1 and qe can be determined from
the slope and intercept of the plot, respectively.
3.2.2 Pseudo-second order equation
The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic rates equation
is expressed as
𝑑𝑞 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
= K2(𝑞 𝑒 − 𝑞𝑡)2
10
𝑡
𝑞 𝑡
=
1
𝐾2 𝑞 𝑒
2 +
1
𝑞 𝑒
t 11
The plot of (t/qt) and t of equation 10 should give a linear
relationship from which qe and K2 can be determined from
the slope and intercept of the plot, respectively.
3.2.3 Kinetic parameters of activation
From the Van’t Hoff equation, for isobaric and isochoric
conditions, Arrhenius developed another equation called the
rate constant K of a chemical reaction on the temperature.
𝑑𝑙𝑛 𝐾
𝑑𝑇
=
∆𝐻
𝑅𝑇2 12
For the adsorption process, upon integration and evaluation,
the logarithm of the rate constant (K) could be represented
as a straight line function of 1/T
ln K = -
𝐸 𝑎
𝑅𝑇
+ ln A 13
Where k is the rate constant, A is a frequency factor, R is
the universal gas constant (8.314 J.K-1
.mol-1
) and T is the
absolute temperature. The value of Ea is calculated from the
slope of plotting lnk versus 1/T, and A (min-1
) is determined
from the intercept.
Equation 11 can also integrated within the limits T1 to T2 to
give
ln
𝑘 𝑇2
𝑘 𝑇1
=
𝐸 (𝑇2− 𝑇1)
𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2
14
Where KT2 = rate constant of chemical reaction at T2
KT1 = rate constant of chemical reaction at T1[9].
3.3 Thermodynamic studies
The determination of the basic thermodynamic parameters:
enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH), Gibb’s free energy of
adsorption (ΔG) and entropy of adsorption (ΔS), is
important as these determines if the process is favorable or
not from thermodynamic point of view, also to assess the
spontaneity of the system and to ascertain the exothermic or
endothermic nature of the process. An adsorption process is
generally considered as physical if ΔH◦ < 84 kJ mol–1
and
as chemical when ΔH◦ lies between 84 and 420 kJ mol–1
[11].
The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process
were determined from the experimental data obtained at
various temperatures using equations 15 to 17
∆G = -RTInKd 15
Kd =
𝑞𝑒
𝐶𝑒
16
InKd =
∆𝑆
𝑅
-
∆𝐻
𝑅𝑇
17
where Kd is the distribution coefficient for the adsorption, qe
is the amount of dye (mg) adsorbed on the adsorbent per L
of solution at equilibrium, Ce is the equilibrium
concentration (mg/L) of the dye in solution, T is the
absolute temperature, R is gas constant, ∆𝐺 𝑜
,∆𝐻 𝑜
, and
∆𝑆 𝑜
are Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change and
entropychange, respectively. The values of enthalpy change
(∆𝐻o
)and entropy change (∆𝑆o
) are obtained from the slope
and intercept of lnKd versus 1/T plots [1].
4. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 980
IV. RESULTS
The results of the adsorption experiment are presented graphically in the figures below.
Fig. 1: Redlich-Peterson model for erythrosine
Fig 2: Freundlich model of erythrosine
Fig. 3: Langmuir model of Erythrosine
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80
Ce/qe(g/L)
Ceβ
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Logqe
Log Ce
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ce/qe(g/L)
Ce mg/L
5. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 981
Fig. 4: Pseudo-second order reaction
Fig. 5: Effect of temperature on the adsorption distribution coefficient
Table.1: Adsorption isotherm constants of the dyes for periwinkle shell activated carbon
Langmuir Freundlich Redlich-Peterson
Qo(
𝑚𝑔
𝑔
) b(
𝐿
𝑚𝑔
) R2
Kf(
𝑚𝑔
𝑔
) 1/n(
𝑔
𝐿
) KR(
𝐿
𝑚𝑔
) aR(
𝐿
𝑚𝑔
) β R2
2.5381 0.0720 0.9160 0.6934 0.2560 0.8590 0.2150 0.1127 0.940 0.9240
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 50 100 150 200
t/qt(min.g/mg)
Time (min)
303 K
313 K
323 K
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.003 0.00305 0.0031 0.00315 0.0032 0.00325 0.0033 0.00335
lnKd
1/T
6. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 982
Table.2: Kinetic and activation energy parameters
2nd
order
30o
C
K2(g/mg.min) 0.0499
qe (mg/g) 1.6103
R2
0.9993
40o
C
K2(g/mg.min) 0.0648
qe (mg/g) 1.6949
R2
0.999
50o
C
K2(g/mg.min) 0.0660
qe (mg/g) 1.7762
R2
0.999
Energy parameter
E(KJ/mol) 11.62
C (min-1
) 2.15
Fig.6: Temperature dependency of reaction rate
Table.3: Thermodynamic parameters
Temp(K) ∆𝐺 (KJ/mol) ∆H (KJ/mol) ∆S (J/mol.K)
303 0.40 13.49 43.48
308 0.06
313 -0.15
318 -0.27
323 -0.54
328 -7.30
V. DISCUSSION
5.1 Adsorption isotherm
The constants of these isotherms were calculated from figs
1, 2 and 3 using equations 3, 6 and 7. These results show
that correlation coefficient of Redlich-Peterson isotherm is
highest, signifying it represents a better fit of the
experiment. The parameters are presented in Table 1.
5.2 Kinetic studies
3.85
3.9
3.95
4
4.05
4.1
4.15
4.2
4.25
0.00305 0.0031 0.00315 0.0032 0.00325 0.0033 0.00335
lnk2(min-1)
1/T (K)
7. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 983
The plots of t/qt versus t at 303, 313 and 323K all give
straight line for the adsorption. The correlation coefficients
for plots of t/qtagainst t for the second-order equation are
observed tobe close to 1. Fig.6 shows the dependency of the
rate constant on temperature at 303, 313 and 323K, while
values of the activation energy and frequency factor were
obtained from the plot using eq (13). The parameters are
presented in Table 2.
Table.4: Adsorption capacities of some adsorbents for Erythrosine removal
Adsorbent Adsorption capacity
(mg/g)
To
C Reference
Pitch pine sawdust 20.8 Hameed et al (2008)
Wheat shells 16.56 Hameed et al (2008)
Coffee husks 90.09 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Coir pith carbon 5.87 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Peanut hull 68.03 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Banana Peel 20.8 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Orange peel 27.78 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Bamboo dust carbon 7.20 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Groundnut shell carbon 7.50 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Rice husk carbon 37.57 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Coconut shell carbon 8.16 As in Valliammai et al (2015)
Coconut fibre 1.7036 30 Ikhazuangbe et al, (2017)
Periwinkle shell 1.6103 30 Present
4.3 Thermodynamic studies
The plot of ln Kd versus 1/T is shown in Fig 5. The values of ∆Ho
and ∆So
of erythrosine dye adsorption was calculated using Eq.
17. The values of ∆Go
were obtained by using Eq. 15. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of Erythrosine dye is
presented in Table 3.
Table.5: Enthalpy and Entropy change of some adsorbent for the dyes
Adsorbent ∆Ho
∆So
Reference
Bael tree bark 25.125 171.83 Valliammai et al, (2015)
Activated carbon 31.6 145.5 Yahya, (2012)
Coconut fibre 28.73 94.45 Ikhazuangbe et al, (2017)
Periwinkle shell 13.49 43.48 Present
VI. CONCLUSION
The adsorption of erythrosine dye from aqueous solution
onto Periwinkle shell was examined. The adsorption
follows Redlich-Peterson isotherm, pseudo-second order
kinetic, while the thermodynamic parameters show that the
adsorption is physical and spontaneous. Considering the
adsorption capacity and other parameters obtained,
activated carbon from Periwinkle shell has good potential
for the removal of erythrosine dye from wastewater.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors sincerely acknowledge the following people:
Mr. Ikhazuangbe Benson T, NNPC-PPMC, Aviele pump
station, for his financial assistance. Mr. Osibanjo
Oluwakemi O, NAPIMS-NNPC, Lagos, for his financial
assistance. Mr. Adeleke Kolapo and Mr. Adegbemi Jacob,
of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical technology
department respectively, Madonna University, Elele, for
their technical support. Mr. Daramola Abayomi, of Ion-
exchange (Indian) Ltd, Eleme, Port Harcourt, for his
material assistance.
REFERENCES
[1] B. Emrah, O. Mahmut and I.S. Ayahan, “Adsorption
of malachite green onto kinetic studies and process
8. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-10, Oct- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.10.1 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 984
design,” Microporous and Mesoporous material, Vol.
115, pp.234 – 246, 2008.
[2] B.H. Hameed, and M.I. El-Khaiary, “Malachite green
adsorption by Rattan Sawdust: Isotherm, kinetic and
mechanism modeling”. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, Vol. 159, 2008, pp. 574–579.
[3] D. Hakan, D. Ilkanur and K. Belgin, “Adsorption of
Textile Dye onto Activated Carbon Prepared from
Industrial Waste by ZnCl2 Activation,” J. int.
Environmental application and Science, Vol. 3,pp.381
– 389, 2008.
[4] M. Nameni, M.A. Moghadam and M. Arami,
“Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous
solutions by wheat bran,”International Journal of
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 5, pp.
161-168, 2008.
[5] M. Pedram, P. Mehdi and Z.M. Hassan, “Removal of
Erythrosine Dyes from Aquatic Environment Using
Ziziphus nummularia Kernel,”Iranica Journal of
Energy & Environment, Vol. 5, pp.400-406, 2014.
[6] P.M.O. Ikhazuangbe, F.L. Kamen, C.A. Okwara, P.I.
Oghome and S.O. Opebiyi, “Equilibrium Isotherm,
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption
of Erythrosine Dye onto Activated Carbon from
Coconut Fibre,” International Journal of advanced
engineering research and science. Vol. 4. (5), 2017,
pp. 48 – 54.
[7] R.H. Gumus and I. Okpeku, “Production of Activated
Carbon and Characterization from Snail Shell Waste
(Helix Pomatia),” Advances in Chemical Engineering
and Science, Vol. 5, pp.51 – 61, 2015.
[8] S.A. Yahya, A. Rajab and S. Samer, “Analyzing
adsorption data of erythrosine dye using principal
component analysis,” Chemical Engineering Journal,
Vol.191, pp.185 – 194, 2012.
[9] S.S. Dara, (2009). A textbook of engineering
chemistry,” S. Chand and company limited, New
Delhi, pp. 845 – 882
[10]S. Valliammai, Y. Subbareddy, K.S. Nagaraja, and B.
Jeyaraj, (2015).“Adsorption of erythrosine-B on
Mesoporous graphitic activated carbon prepared from
Bael tree (Aeglemarmelos) Bark: Equilibrium, kinetics
and thermodynamic studies”. J. Mater. Environ. Sci.,
6(10): 2836-2852.
[11]Z. Zhang, Z., Moghaddam, L., O’Hara, I.M.O. and
Doherty, W.O.S. “Congo red adsorption by ball-milled
sugarcane bagasse,” Chem. Eng. J, Vol.178, pp.122–
128, 2011.