A Fuzzy Logic control the transient response of the distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) is very
important while compensating rapidly varying unbalanced and nonlinear loads. Any change in the load
affects the dc-link voltage directly. The sudden removal of load would result in an increase in the dc-link
voltage above the reference value; where as a sudden increase in load would reduce the dc-link voltage
below its reference value. The proper operation of D-STATCOM requires variation of the dc-link voltage within
the prescribed limits. Conventionally, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to maintain the dc-link
voltage to the reference value. A Fuzzy Logic controls the transient response of the distribution static
compensator (D-STATCOM) is very important while compensating rapidly varying unbalanced and nonlinear
loads. It uses deviation of the capacitor voltage from its reference value as its input. However, the transient
response of the conventional PI dc-link voltage controller is slow. In this paper, a fast-acting dc-link voltage
controller based on the energy of a dc-link capacitor is proposed. Mathematical equations are given to
compute the gains of the conventional controller based on fast-acting dc-link voltage controllers to achieve
similar fast transient response. The detailed simulation and experimental studies are carried out to validate
the proposed controller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Novel Hybrid Dstatcom Topology for Load Compensation with Non-Stiff SourceIJERA Editor
The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt active filter, which injects currents into the point
of common coupling (PCC) (the common point where load, source, and DSTATCOM are connected) such that
the harmonic filtering, power factor correction, and load balancing can be achieved. The distribution static
compensator (DSTATCOM) is used for load compensation in power distribution network. A new topology for
DSTATCOM applications with non-stiff source is proposed. The proposed topology enables DSTATCOM to
have a reduced dc-link voltage without compromising the compensation capability. It uses a series capacitor
along with the interfacing inductor and a shunt filter capacitor. With the reduction in dc-link voltage, the
average switching frequency of the insulated gate bipolar transistor switches of the D-STATCOM is also
reduced. Consequently, the switching losses in the inverter are reduced. Detailed design aspects of the series and
shunt capacitors are discussed in this paper. A simulation study of the proposed topology has been carried out
using MATLAB environment and the results analyzed.
As a consequence of sensitive, diverse and complex loads in today's distribution networks, improving power quality in distribution systems has attracted great attention. Power quality issues involve voltage sags, transient interrupts and other distortions in sinusoidal waveforms. Enormous methods have been proposed for power quality modification. One of the methods by which power quality problems might be addressed is to apply power electronic devices in the form of custom power devices. One of such devices is Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is connected in series to distribution networks. At the same time, through injection of voltage to the network it is able to control voltage amplitude and phase. It is adopted lend to compensate for voltage sags through injecting series and synchronous three phase voltage. Consisted of three single phase inverters and a DC bus, it can protect susceptible loads against various types of voltage sags as well as other disturbances in the power supply. Moreover, it is capable of generating and absorbing active and reactive power. Therefore, in this paper, different structures of DVR have been investigated and eventually proposed a new structure for DVR based on Γ-Source asymmetric inverter. With the proposed structure, severe voltage sags can be retrieved 80- 90 percent. The simulation results that obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink indicate the properly functioning of proposed structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Influence of Static VAR Compensator for Undervoltage Load Shedding to Avoid V...IJAPEJOURNAL
In the recent years, operation of power systems at lower stability margins has increased the importance of system protection methods that protect the system stability against various disturbances. Among these methods, the load shedding serves as an effective and last-resort tool to prevent system frequency/voltage instability. The analysis of recent blackouts suggests that voltage collapse and voltage-related problems are also important concerns in maintaining system stability. For this reason, voltage also needs to be taken into account in load shedding schemes. This paper considers both parameters in designing a load shedding scheme to determine the amount of load to be shed and its appropriate location .The amount of load to be shed from each bus is decided using the fixed step size method and it’s location has been identified by using voltage collapse proximity index method. SVC is shunt connected FACTS device used to improve the voltage profile of the system. In this paper impact of SVC on load shedding for IEEE 14 bus system has been presented and analyzed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Novel Hybrid Dstatcom Topology for Load Compensation with Non-Stiff SourceIJERA Editor
The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt active filter, which injects currents into the point
of common coupling (PCC) (the common point where load, source, and DSTATCOM are connected) such that
the harmonic filtering, power factor correction, and load balancing can be achieved. The distribution static
compensator (DSTATCOM) is used for load compensation in power distribution network. A new topology for
DSTATCOM applications with non-stiff source is proposed. The proposed topology enables DSTATCOM to
have a reduced dc-link voltage without compromising the compensation capability. It uses a series capacitor
along with the interfacing inductor and a shunt filter capacitor. With the reduction in dc-link voltage, the
average switching frequency of the insulated gate bipolar transistor switches of the D-STATCOM is also
reduced. Consequently, the switching losses in the inverter are reduced. Detailed design aspects of the series and
shunt capacitors are discussed in this paper. A simulation study of the proposed topology has been carried out
using MATLAB environment and the results analyzed.
As a consequence of sensitive, diverse and complex loads in today's distribution networks, improving power quality in distribution systems has attracted great attention. Power quality issues involve voltage sags, transient interrupts and other distortions in sinusoidal waveforms. Enormous methods have been proposed for power quality modification. One of the methods by which power quality problems might be addressed is to apply power electronic devices in the form of custom power devices. One of such devices is Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is connected in series to distribution networks. At the same time, through injection of voltage to the network it is able to control voltage amplitude and phase. It is adopted lend to compensate for voltage sags through injecting series and synchronous three phase voltage. Consisted of three single phase inverters and a DC bus, it can protect susceptible loads against various types of voltage sags as well as other disturbances in the power supply. Moreover, it is capable of generating and absorbing active and reactive power. Therefore, in this paper, different structures of DVR have been investigated and eventually proposed a new structure for DVR based on Γ-Source asymmetric inverter. With the proposed structure, severe voltage sags can be retrieved 80- 90 percent. The simulation results that obtained by using MATLAB/Simulink indicate the properly functioning of proposed structure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Influence of Static VAR Compensator for Undervoltage Load Shedding to Avoid V...IJAPEJOURNAL
In the recent years, operation of power systems at lower stability margins has increased the importance of system protection methods that protect the system stability against various disturbances. Among these methods, the load shedding serves as an effective and last-resort tool to prevent system frequency/voltage instability. The analysis of recent blackouts suggests that voltage collapse and voltage-related problems are also important concerns in maintaining system stability. For this reason, voltage also needs to be taken into account in load shedding schemes. This paper considers both parameters in designing a load shedding scheme to determine the amount of load to be shed and its appropriate location .The amount of load to be shed from each bus is decided using the fixed step size method and it’s location has been identified by using voltage collapse proximity index method. SVC is shunt connected FACTS device used to improve the voltage profile of the system. In this paper impact of SVC on load shedding for IEEE 14 bus system has been presented and analyzed.
A High Performance PWM Voltage Source Inverter Used for VAR Compensation and ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The transmission of electric power has to take place in the most efficient way in addition to providing flexibility in the process. Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) promotes the use of static controllers to enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability. Providing reactive shunt compensation with shunt-connected capacitors and reactors is a well-established technique to get a better voltage profile in a power system. Shunt Capacitors are inexpensive but lack dynamic capabilities, thus some form of dynamically controlled reactive power compensation becomes essential. In this paper, three phase Distribution Static Var Compensator (D-SVC) has been developed and studied under different conditions. Open loop mode and closed loop mode of operation of D-SVC is simulated and studied. The work presented here is very much useful for distribution system, for effective reactive power management and better Voltage control.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fuzzy Bang-Bang Control Scheme of USSC for Voltage Sag Mitigation due to Shor...IAES-IJPEDS
Unified series shunt compensator (USSC) has been widely used to mitigate various power quality disturbances in distribution network. The USSC is almost similar to the UPFC, but the only differences are that the UPFC inverters are in shunt series connection and used in transmission systems whereas the USSC inverters are in series-shunt connection and used in distribution systems. USSC, it is possible to compensate a different power quality problem as compared to DSTATCOM and DVR. It is noted that, mitigated load voltage by the DVR is lower than mitigated value obtained by USSC. In other words the USSC can mitigate voltage sag better in compared to DVR and D-STATCOM. Also in case of voltage flicker, unbalance and harmonics elimination it is much effective. Similarly, D-STATCOM is unable to control power flow. It is seen that the proposed USSC can mitigate variety of power quality (PQ) problems. Hence due to multi capability of USSC in power quality improvement, this paper presents the scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control for USSC. Using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on bang-bang control; the USSC will contribute to improve voltage sag without deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of SVC on IEEE 6 Bus System for Optimization of Voltage Stabilityijeei-iaes
The problem of voltage or current unbalance is gaining more attention recently with the increasing awareness on power quality. Excessive unbalance among the phase voltages or currents of a three phase power system has always been a concern to expert power engineers. The study of shunt connected FACTS devices is an associated field with the problem of reactive power compensation related problems in today’s world. In this study an IEEE-6 bus system has been studied & utilized in order to study the shunt operation of FACTS controller to optimize the voltage stability
Brushless DC motor is a synchronous machine that makes use of electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutator. Brushless DC motors makes use of inverter encompassing static switches for its operation. A simple bridge converter when used for BLDC drive as front end converter makes input source power factor to get reduced which is unacceptable in the power system. To avoid the distortions in the source voltage and source currents, Buck converter which was used as power factor correction (PFC) converter in this paper to improve the power factor. Presence of power electronic converters deteriorates system power factor effecting overall system performance. This paper presents buck converter for power factor correction in brushless DC motor drive system. Buck converter is operated with current control strategy rather to conventional voltage follower control. Simulation model was obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the brushless DC motor performance characteristics were shown for conditions with different DC link voltages and step variation in DC link voltage. Total harmonic distortion in source current was also presented.
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier based on High Step-up Converter using FLCIJMTST Journal
A Front end of the Photovoltaic Solar Panel is been proposed based on Step-Up Converter. The use of
distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large
conventional central power stations. The specification of a power electronic interface is subject to
requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system
operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system
capacity. Implementing a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter
obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is
composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is
integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase
configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input
current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors.
In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes
across the power switches. Finally, the simulation circuitry with a 40V input voltage and 230V output voltage
is operated to verify its performance analysis with respect to the Fuzzy Logic Controller. The highest
efficiency is 97.75%.
Secure Auditing and Deduplicating Data on CloudIJMTST Journal
Cloud computing is a technology that used for storing and accessing. The data on remote location. It is totally internet-based.it is self-service and on Demand technology. That’s why now days it’s mostly used and popular term. Enterprises and organizations used cloud storage for access data to third-party. As like, the single user also use the confidential data anywhere, anytime on earth It is now becoming business standard. Its simplify users accessibility. It is cost saving and flexible for better performance on internet. But is also occur drawbacks like security and integrity on data. Like many times the data is already available on storage but it contain slightly difference. So overcome this problems we introduce two secure system, namely seccloud and seccloud+. Seccloud is used for generating tags on data before uploading and seccloud+ is maintain the integrity auditing and secure de-duplication on data because every customer wants to encrypt their data before uploading. Data integrity and storage efficiency are tw o important aspect of cloud storage. Proof of Retrievability (POR) and Proof of Data Possession (PDP) techniques Assure data integrity for cloud storage. Proof of Ownership (POW) improves Storage efficiency by securely removing unnecessarily duplicated data on the Storage server. Cloud computing is one of the most talked about IT trends today.in cloud more application availability on the cloud. Also cloud increased growth in the market.
A Real Time Image Processing Based Fire Safety Intensive Automatic Assistance...IJMTST Journal
Fire usually cause serious disasters. Thus, fire detection has been an important issue to protect human life
and property. In this project, I propose a fast and practical real-time image-based fire flame detection method
based on colour pair analysis and intensity level algorithm. Then, based on the above fire flame colour
features model, regions with fire-like colours are roughly separated from each frame of the test videos.
Besides segmenting fire flame regions, background objects with similar fire colours or caused by colour shift
resulted from the reflection of fire flames are also extracted from the image during the above colour
separation process. To remove these spurious fire-like regions, the image difference method and the invented
colour masking technique are applied. The device can detect fire by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).
Finally device automatically control the fire safety assistance. This method was tested with Raspberry pi B+
Board interface with camera module.
SPCHS Construction for Expeditious Keyword Search in Cipher TextIJMTST Journal
The subsisting public-key encryption schemes which are semantically secure, take linear search time with
the total number of cipher texts, thus making data retrieval from databases arduous or time consuming. So,
in order to rectify the current quandary, the paper proposes SPCHS Methodology for Expeditious Keyword
Search. In Searchable Public Key Cipher texts with Obnubilated Structures (SPCHS), the concept of
obnubilated structures is introduced. Here, the concept of filtering is utilized efficiently. This in turn, makes
data retrieval from sizably voluminous scale databases far more facile by reducing the time intricacy as well
as ensuring efficient performance. The time involution of our scheme depends only on the genuine number of
engendered cipher texts rather than all the number of cipher texts. Given a keyword for a file search,
predicated on the filtering mechanism we designate the file extension or type which has to be returned thus
ruling out all the other possibilities which not only makes probing more facile but withal preserves time
involution. This article gives an overview about SPCHS Mechanism and the sundry methods adopted.
A High Performance PWM Voltage Source Inverter Used for VAR Compensation and ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The transmission of electric power has to take place in the most efficient way in addition to providing flexibility in the process. Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) promotes the use of static controllers to enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability. Providing reactive shunt compensation with shunt-connected capacitors and reactors is a well-established technique to get a better voltage profile in a power system. Shunt Capacitors are inexpensive but lack dynamic capabilities, thus some form of dynamically controlled reactive power compensation becomes essential. In this paper, three phase Distribution Static Var Compensator (D-SVC) has been developed and studied under different conditions. Open loop mode and closed loop mode of operation of D-SVC is simulated and studied. The work presented here is very much useful for distribution system, for effective reactive power management and better Voltage control.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fuzzy Bang-Bang Control Scheme of USSC for Voltage Sag Mitigation due to Shor...IAES-IJPEDS
Unified series shunt compensator (USSC) has been widely used to mitigate various power quality disturbances in distribution network. The USSC is almost similar to the UPFC, but the only differences are that the UPFC inverters are in shunt series connection and used in transmission systems whereas the USSC inverters are in series-shunt connection and used in distribution systems. USSC, it is possible to compensate a different power quality problem as compared to DSTATCOM and DVR. It is noted that, mitigated load voltage by the DVR is lower than mitigated value obtained by USSC. In other words the USSC can mitigate voltage sag better in compared to DVR and D-STATCOM. Also in case of voltage flicker, unbalance and harmonics elimination it is much effective. Similarly, D-STATCOM is unable to control power flow. It is seen that the proposed USSC can mitigate variety of power quality (PQ) problems. Hence due to multi capability of USSC in power quality improvement, this paper presents the scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control for USSC. Using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on bang-bang control; the USSC will contribute to improve voltage sag without deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of SVC on IEEE 6 Bus System for Optimization of Voltage Stabilityijeei-iaes
The problem of voltage or current unbalance is gaining more attention recently with the increasing awareness on power quality. Excessive unbalance among the phase voltages or currents of a three phase power system has always been a concern to expert power engineers. The study of shunt connected FACTS devices is an associated field with the problem of reactive power compensation related problems in today’s world. In this study an IEEE-6 bus system has been studied & utilized in order to study the shunt operation of FACTS controller to optimize the voltage stability
Brushless DC motor is a synchronous machine that makes use of electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutator. Brushless DC motors makes use of inverter encompassing static switches for its operation. A simple bridge converter when used for BLDC drive as front end converter makes input source power factor to get reduced which is unacceptable in the power system. To avoid the distortions in the source voltage and source currents, Buck converter which was used as power factor correction (PFC) converter in this paper to improve the power factor. Presence of power electronic converters deteriorates system power factor effecting overall system performance. This paper presents buck converter for power factor correction in brushless DC motor drive system. Buck converter is operated with current control strategy rather to conventional voltage follower control. Simulation model was obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the brushless DC motor performance characteristics were shown for conditions with different DC link voltages and step variation in DC link voltage. Total harmonic distortion in source current was also presented.
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier based on High Step-up Converter using FLCIJMTST Journal
A Front end of the Photovoltaic Solar Panel is been proposed based on Step-Up Converter. The use of
distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large
conventional central power stations. The specification of a power electronic interface is subject to
requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system
operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system
capacity. Implementing a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter
obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is
composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is
integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase
configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input
current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors.
In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes
across the power switches. Finally, the simulation circuitry with a 40V input voltage and 230V output voltage
is operated to verify its performance analysis with respect to the Fuzzy Logic Controller. The highest
efficiency is 97.75%.
Secure Auditing and Deduplicating Data on CloudIJMTST Journal
Cloud computing is a technology that used for storing and accessing. The data on remote location. It is totally internet-based.it is self-service and on Demand technology. That’s why now days it’s mostly used and popular term. Enterprises and organizations used cloud storage for access data to third-party. As like, the single user also use the confidential data anywhere, anytime on earth It is now becoming business standard. Its simplify users accessibility. It is cost saving and flexible for better performance on internet. But is also occur drawbacks like security and integrity on data. Like many times the data is already available on storage but it contain slightly difference. So overcome this problems we introduce two secure system, namely seccloud and seccloud+. Seccloud is used for generating tags on data before uploading and seccloud+ is maintain the integrity auditing and secure de-duplication on data because every customer wants to encrypt their data before uploading. Data integrity and storage efficiency are tw o important aspect of cloud storage. Proof of Retrievability (POR) and Proof of Data Possession (PDP) techniques Assure data integrity for cloud storage. Proof of Ownership (POW) improves Storage efficiency by securely removing unnecessarily duplicated data on the Storage server. Cloud computing is one of the most talked about IT trends today.in cloud more application availability on the cloud. Also cloud increased growth in the market.
A Real Time Image Processing Based Fire Safety Intensive Automatic Assistance...IJMTST Journal
Fire usually cause serious disasters. Thus, fire detection has been an important issue to protect human life
and property. In this project, I propose a fast and practical real-time image-based fire flame detection method
based on colour pair analysis and intensity level algorithm. Then, based on the above fire flame colour
features model, regions with fire-like colours are roughly separated from each frame of the test videos.
Besides segmenting fire flame regions, background objects with similar fire colours or caused by colour shift
resulted from the reflection of fire flames are also extracted from the image during the above colour
separation process. To remove these spurious fire-like regions, the image difference method and the invented
colour masking technique are applied. The device can detect fire by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).
Finally device automatically control the fire safety assistance. This method was tested with Raspberry pi B+
Board interface with camera module.
SPCHS Construction for Expeditious Keyword Search in Cipher TextIJMTST Journal
The subsisting public-key encryption schemes which are semantically secure, take linear search time with
the total number of cipher texts, thus making data retrieval from databases arduous or time consuming. So,
in order to rectify the current quandary, the paper proposes SPCHS Methodology for Expeditious Keyword
Search. In Searchable Public Key Cipher texts with Obnubilated Structures (SPCHS), the concept of
obnubilated structures is introduced. Here, the concept of filtering is utilized efficiently. This in turn, makes
data retrieval from sizably voluminous scale databases far more facile by reducing the time intricacy as well
as ensuring efficient performance. The time involution of our scheme depends only on the genuine number of
engendered cipher texts rather than all the number of cipher texts. Given a keyword for a file search,
predicated on the filtering mechanism we designate the file extension or type which has to be returned thus
ruling out all the other possibilities which not only makes probing more facile but withal preserves time
involution. This article gives an overview about SPCHS Mechanism and the sundry methods adopted.
Using Homomorphism Linear Signature Auditing Detection of Routing Packet Drop...IJMTST Journal
In wireless ad hoc network packets are loosed due to two conditions one is due to the perturbance in the
channel and another one is due to the intrusion (i.e.) intruder discard the packet. In this paper we fixate on
the inner attack (i.e.) the assailment caused by the intruder who malevolently discards the packets. The
malevolent node pretends to be an one of the node in the routing path and cause the assailment.
Conventional algorithm does not provide the efficient detection of packet loss so, In order to ameliorate the
detection accurately we propose correlation function and withal for the correct calculation of correlation we
implement BLS predicated Homomorphism Linear Authenticator to check the information provided by the
node are true. The HLA architecture provides privacy preserving, collusion proof and sanctions low
communication and storage overheads.
Securing the Data Communication between the Neighboring Sensor Nodes using Bi...IJMTST Journal
Privacy of data is one of the most important concept in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are used in many areas likewise in tracking and monitoring of some events. Each sensor node has one private key and an assigned id. We are providing data confidentiality between the sensor nodes in wireless sensor network using bilinear pairing (diffie-hellman algorithm). Sharing of data between those neighbouring nodes is also secured with the concept of shared secret key(symmetric key cryptography). Content privacy and context privacy can be obtained and the threats regarding to it can be overcomed. Data is encrypted between the nodes using those shared secret keys. We are providing security for the data between the neighbouring nodes in wireless sensor networks.
Easy Mobile Cable Management System Using Android ApplicationIJMTST Journal
The cable industry is evolving from analogue to digital. The current system that Cable Operators follow doesn't help in implementing the TRAI(Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) regulations to implement subscriber management. There is Smartphone movement in India where the availability of Smartphone's & mobile internet is more and cost effective. By considering the fact, the solution for the said problem will be implemented as android mobile application. The required business logic will be implemented through Web Services and designed android application will use those Web Services hosted on to the cloud. This ensures to provide cost effective solution to the Cable Operator. Cable Operators can manage their subscribers, billing & collection from anywhere & anytime through the android application.
A Three Phase AC-AC ZCS Resonant Converter for Induction HeatingIJMTST Journal
Generally, domestic induction-heating technology requires a high output power levels with less number of
components in a compact size. To satisfy these requirements, the basic circuit configurations are considered
based on the combination of a rectifier and a inverter. The main disadvantage of this method has low-efficient
and economic problems. This paper proposes a new concept unlike previous method, i.e the direct conversion
of ac–ac converter for reducing the component count, reduce cost, improve reliability, and also efficiency.
Generally, the proposed converter is a voltage-source based series-resonant converter used for controlling
output power, and minimizing the control complexity. This paper also proposes a concept of AC-AC converter
based three phase Induction Heating applications.
Performance Analysis of MIMO Equalization Techniques with Highly Efficient Ch...IJMTST Journal
To combat the wireless fading impairment in the high network demand environment, various coding
schemes have been implemented. MIMO techniques are still the powerful techniques along with source
coding. This paper focuses on coherent implementation of high performance turbo codes with MIMO
equalization techniques. It is proposed to achieve optimum BER value at very low values of SNR in a noisy
environment.
Effective Identification of Packet Droppers and Modifiers in Wireless Sensor ...IJMTST Journal
In Wireless sensor network, sensor nodes are used to monitor physical or environmental condition. Sensor
networks are often deployed in an unattended and hostile environment to perform the monitoring and data
collection tasks. When it is deployed in such an environment, it lacks physical protection and subjected to
node compromise. After compromising one or multiple sensor nodes, an adversary may launch various
attacks to disrupt the in-network communication. Among these attacks, two common ones are dropping
packets and modifying packet. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective scheme to identify
misbehaving forwarders that drop or modify packets. Node Categorization algorithm and Global Ranking
algorithm are
Traditionally, in paper based election,voters cast their vote to select right candidate, where they simply put their vote in voting box and at the end of the voting day the votes are going to be count manually. This process was much time consuming as well as was erroneous. To overcome this drawback Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) was introduced. In EVM, Voter cast their vote by pressing the voting button which was on EVM. The Major advantage of EVM system is , the votes are counted automatically instead of manually. But the drawback of EVM machine was, the votes may get manipulated and was not secure. So to overcome all these drawbacks, research on biometric based voting system is going on. This Paper focuses on survey of different voting system using Fingerprint biometric through different algorithms and methods.
Secure & Energy Efficient Scheme against Denial-of-Sleep Attack in WSNIJMTST Journal
Security breaches and energy consumption issues are indispensable in WSN (wireless sensor networks). Considering attacks like Denial-of-Service (DoS) where not only the service is not provided but in addition to that unwanted power is also consumed.“Denial-of-Sleep attack" (type of DoS attack) also results in unnecessary power exhaustion. This paper briefs
Artificial Neural Network Based Closed Loop Control of Multilevel InverterIJMTST Journal
Multi level inverters are gaining attraction because of the inherent advantages like low switching losses and less voltage stress which results in low filter cost. The common techniques that are available for switching the multi level inverters are based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation and using conventional PI based controllers, hysteresis based controllers. These controllers suffer with slow response time this makes usage of multi level inverters in custom power devices difficult. Because custom power devices require fast acting controller action which can be achieved by intelligent controllers. In this project artificial neural network based modulation scheme is designed and implemented for a cascaded H bridge inverter. The response time of controller for different operating power factors of the load are compared with conventional PI controllers and are presented. The developed control technique is developed by using Sim Power Systems Block set of MATLAB/SIMULINK Release R2015a.
Recognition by Using Image Processing for Different Size Distribution SchemesIJMTST Journal
An unmanned aerial vehicle was used as a mobile sensor platform to collect sea-ice features, and several
image processing algorithms have been applied to samples of sea-ice images to extract useful information
about sea ice. The sea-ice statistics given by the floe size distribution, being an important parameter for
climate and wave- and structure-ice analysis, is challenging to calculate due to difficulties in ice floe
identification, particularly the separation of seemingly connected ice floes. In this paper, the gradient vector
flow snake algorithm is applied to solve this problem. To evolve the GVF snake algorithm automatically, an
initialization based on the distance transform is proposed to detect individual ice floes, and the morphological
cleaning is afterward applied to smoothen the shape of each identified ice floe. Based on the identification
result, the image is separated into four different layers: ice floes, brash pieces, slush, and water. This makes
it further possible to present a color map of the ice floes and brash pieces based on sizes, and the
corresponding ice floe size distribution histogram. The proposed algorithm yields an acceptable identification
results.
Healthcare Monitoring System by using iSense Device& IOT PlatformIJMTST Journal
In the recent years Wireless Sensor Network have given rise to many healthcare applications. As the cost and size of sensor devices are decreasing fast, the application areas of wireless sensor networks have also expanded rapidly.iSense are the WSN devises works under the 802.15.4 IEEE standard iSense gives both hardware and software solution to build wireless sensor application. So in this paper we used both hardware and software part of the iSense. We connected our Sensor data to the internet of things (IOT). We use some of cloud services to stores patient’s records over the cloudDatabse. MongoDB is a schema less database tool which gives interface to store patient’s records on cloud.In this paper we use cloud service as DaaS (Database as a Service). The MongoLab provides the DaaS from different service providers like Microsoft Azure, Google etc, so that our sensor data can stored on cloud by getting the services. Finally the patient’s body temperature, body activity status, alcohol content in the body all these records processed by the isenseCoremodule and can stores data on cloud, so that respective patient’s physicians can take effective and quick decisions to improve patient life by accessing cloud data from different remote locations.
A Flexible AC Distribution System for a Microgrid with a Photovoltaic System ...IJMTST Journal
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Filter Based Solar Power Generation System with a Seven Level InverterIJMTST Journal
This paper proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. The DC/DC power converter integrates a DC-DC boost converter and a transformer to convert the output voltage of the solar cell array into two independent voltage sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. The capacitor selection circuit converts the two output voltage sources of DC-DC power converter into a three-level DC voltage and the full- bridge power converter further converts this three- level DC voltage into a seven-level AC voltage. In this way, the proposed solar power generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that is in phase with the utility voltage and is fed into the utility. The salient features of the proposed seven-level inverter are that only six power electronic switches are used and only one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency at any time. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of this proposed solar power generation system.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitor and Distributed Generator in Radial...IJMTST Journal
Distribution Systems are growing large and being stretched too far, leading to higher system losses and
poor voltage regulation, the need for an efficient and effective distribution system has therefore become more
urgent and important. A distribution system connects consumers to the high-voltage transmission system.
Because of lower voltage, and hence higher current, the I2R loss in a distribution system is significantly high
compared to that in a high-voltage transmission system. The pressure of improving the overall efficiency of
power delivery has forced the power utilities to reduce the loss, especially at the distribution level. Loss
reduction initiatives in distribution systems have been activated due to the increasing cost of supplying
electricity, the shortage in fuel with ever-increasing cost to produce more power, and the global warming
concerns. The total system loss can be decreased by installing capacitor bank and distributed generation.
These two methods can also help maintaining the level of voltage and maintenance power factor. The direct
search algorithm is applied to minimize the loss in radial distribution systems.
An FPGA Based Floating Point Arithmetic Unit Using VerilogIJMTST Journal
Floating Point (FP) multiplication is widely used in large set of scientific and signal processing computation.
Multiplication is one of the common arithmetic operations in these computations. A high speed floating point
double precision multiplier is implemented on a Virtex-6 FPGA. In addition, the proposed design is compliant
with IEEE-754 format and handles over flow, under flow, rounding and various exception conditions. The
design achieved the operating frequency of 414.714 MHz with an area of 648 slices.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithmijtsrd
This paper proposes an immune feedback control algorithm for a three phase distribution static compensator DSTATCOM to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. In this application, the proposed control algorithm on a DSTATCOM is implemented for the compensation of nonlinear loads. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. P. Thirumala | K. Mahesh "Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29812/power-quality-enhancement-using-dstatcom-by-immune-feedback-control-algorithm/p-thirumala
REDUCING SOURCE CURRENT HARMONICS DUE TO BALANCED AND UN-BALANCED VOLTAGE VAR...IJCI JOURNAL
Electricity demand has been increasing due to the increase of population and industries. Hence it is very
important to feed the demand with quality of generation. Improvement of power quality is the greater
concern in advanced power system element, it is essential to congregate the need of energy by employ the
renewable energy generating sources like pv, fuel cell, biomass, wind, etc and utilizing many more
applications like grid interconnected systems, power quality improvement. The situations like harmonic,
reactive power exchanging, power factor correction, balanced and un-balanced voltage variations & so on,
due to greater effect on highly susceptible loads are to be encouraged in power distribution system. To
enhance these circumstances, custom power appliances are used to achieve high grid voltage stability. In
this paper, a voltage distortions controlled D-STATCOM based on fuzzy controller is a meticulous power
appliance for enhancing harmonic distortions from high power semiconductor switching device,
exchanging the both active & reactive power, defend the gird stability by implementing DG technology, to
regulate the power quality issues in power distribution network. This paper implements the comparative
analysis of PI and Fuzzy controlled DSTATCOM with energy backup scheme, controlled by pwm control
technique and founded that fuzzy based IPQ theory for generation of reference current signals improves the
power quality than PI based IPQ theory and this analysis is dynamically evaluated with Matlab/Simulink.
CONTROL OF BATTERY OPERATED SYSTEM WITH A DC-DC BOOSTCONVERTER FED DSTATCOM U...ijiert bestjournal
This paper presents a comprehensive survey of DSTATCOM control strategies put forward recently. It is
aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of DSTATCOM control methods to researchers and
application engineers dealing with harmonic suppression issues. Many control techniques have been
designed, developed, and realized for active filters in recent years. The proposed DSTATCOM consists of a
three-leg Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with a dc bus capacitor. The PV array or battery operated boost
converter is proposed to maintain the dc link voltage of the dc bus capacitor for continuous compensation
for the load. This paper presents to evaluate the performance comparison of two control strategies for
extracting the reference currents to control the proposed DSTATCOM. The two control methods are
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and IcosΦ algorithm. The performance of the DSTATCOM is
validated using MATLAB software with its simulink and Power System Block set (PSB) toolboxes. The
simulation results for the two control methods are compared to validate the superior performance of the
IcosΦ algorithm.
Modeling Optimization Voltage Index Unified Power Flow Controller Equivalent ...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents an active-reactive power control strategy for voltage source converters (VSCs) based on derivation of the direct and quadrature components of the VSC output current. The proposed method utilizes a multivariable proportional-integral controller and provides almost completely decoupled control capability of the active and reactive power with almost full disturbance rejection due to step changes in the power exchanged between the VSC and the grid. It also imposes fast transient response and zero steady-state error as compared to the conventional power control approaches. The applicability of the proposed power control strategy for providing the robust stability of the system against the uncertainties of the load parameters is also investigated. The superiority of the proposed control strategy over conventional approaches in the new condition of supplying the load is demonstrated. The theoretical aspects of the proposed multivariable-based power control strategy and the conventional approaches are reviewed and simulation results are presented in two separate sections. MATLAB/Simulink 2009a is used to simulate different scenarios of the simulation.
A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTAT...ijtsrd
As demand for electricity has risen exponentially, power production and transmission are affected by scarce energy, environmental constraints and other losses. Soft computing methods to fix the sag, swell and disruption of the supply voltage in the distributed device. At present, a broad variety of highly versatile controls that leverage on newly available power electronics components are evolving for custom power applications. Control electronic equipment intended to improve the stability and efficiency of electricity flows in low voltage distribution networks. The control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components. Using a digital signal processor, DSTATCOM is built and its output as a DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for different types of loads. Amit Radhakrishna Parhad | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42403/a-review-on-optimization-techniques-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach/amit-radhakrishna-parhad
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
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In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. 76 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
A Three Phase D-STATCOM to Compensate AC and DC loads by using Fuzzy Logic DC Link Voltage Controller
This DSTATCOM differs from conventional one in
the sense that its dc link not only supports
instantaneous compensation but also supplies dc
loads. However, when the dc link of the
DSTATCOM supplies the dc load as well, the
corresponding dc power is comparable to the
average load power and, hence, plays a major role
in the transient response of the compensator.
Hence, there are two important issues. The first
one is the regulation of the dc-link voltage within
prescribed limits under transient load conditions.
The second one is the settling time of the dc–link
voltage controller. Conventionally, a PI controller is
used to maintain the dc-link voltage. It uses the
deviation of the capacitor voltage from its reference
value as its input. However, the transient response
of the conventional dc-link voltage controllers is
slow, especially in applications where the load
changes rapidly. Some work related to dc-link
voltage controllers and their stability is reported in
[15].
However, the work is limited to rectifier units
where switching patterns are well defined and
analysis can be easily carried out. In this paper, a
fast-acting dc-link voltage controller based on the
dc-link capacitor energy is proposed. The detailed
modeling, simulation, and experimental
verifications are given to prove the efficacy of this
fast-acting dc-link voltage controller. There is no
systematic procedure to design the gains of the
conventional PI controller used to regulate the dc
link voltage of the DSTATCOM. Herewith,
mathematical equations are given to design the
gains of the conventional controller based on the
fast-acting dc-link voltage controllers to achieve
similar fast transient response.
II. D-STATCOM FOR COMPENSATING AC AND DC
LOADS
Various VSI topologies are described in the
literature for realizing DSTATCOM to compensate
unbalanced and nonlinear loads [21]–[29]. Due to
the simplicity, the absence of unbalance in the
dc-link voltage and independent current tracking
with respect to other phases, a three-phase
H-bridge VSI topology is chosen. Fig. 1 shows a
three-phase, four-wire-compensated system using
an H-bridge VSI topology-based DSTATCOM
compensating unbalanced and nonlinear ac load.
Fig.1Three-phase, four-wire compensated system using the
H-bridge VSI topology-based DSTATCOM
In addition to this, a dc load is connected (𝑅 𝑑𝑐 ) is
connected across the dc link. The DSTATCOM
consists of 12 insulated-gate bipolar transistor
(IGBT) switches each with an anti parallel diode, dc
storage capacitor, three isolation transformers,
and three interface inductors. The star point of the
isolation transformers ( 𝑛′
) is connected to the
neutral of load (𝑛) and source (N). The H-bridge
VSIs are connected to the PCC through interface
inductors. The isolation transformers prevent a
short circuit of the dc capacitor for various
combinations of the switching states of the VSI.
The inductance and resistance of the isolation
transformers are also included in 𝐿𝑓 and 𝑅𝑓 the
source voltages are assumed to be balanced and
sinusoidal. With the supply being considered as a
stiff source, the feeder impedance (𝐿 𝑠, 𝑅𝑠) shown in
Fig. 1 is negligible and, hence, it is not accounted
in state-space modeling. To track the desired
compensator currents, the VSIs operate under the
hysteresis band current control mode due to their
simplicity, fast response, and being independent of
the load parameters [30]. The DSTATCOM injects
currents into the PCC in such a way as to cancel
unbalance and harmonics in the load currents. The
VSI operation is supported by the dc storage
capacitor with voltage across it. The dc bus voltage
has two functions, that is, to support the
compensator operation and to supply dc load.
While compensating, the DSTATCOM maintains
the balanced sinusoidal source currents with unity
power factor and supplies the dc load through its
dc bus.
III. DC-LINK VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS
As mentioned before, the source supplies an
unbalanced nonlinear ac load directly and a dc
load through the dc link of the D-STATCOM, as
shown in Fig. Due to transients on the load side,
the dc bus voltage is significantly affected. To
3. 77 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
regulate this dc-link voltage, closed-loop
controllers are used. The proportional-
integral-derivative (PID) control provides a generic
and efficient solution to many control problems.
The control signal from PID controller to regulate
dc link voltage is expressed as
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐾𝑝 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 + 𝐾𝑖 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑑𝑡 +
𝐾𝑑
𝑑(𝑉 𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 −𝑉 𝑑𝑐 )
𝑑𝑡
………… (1)
𝐾𝑃 , 𝐾𝑑 and 𝐾𝑖 are proportional, integral, and
derivative gains of the PID controller, respectively.
The proportional term provides overall control
action proportional to the error signal. An increase
in proportional controller gain 𝐾𝑃 reduces rise time
and steady-state error but increases the overshoot
and settling time. An increase in integral gain 𝐾𝑖
reduces steady state error but increases overshoot
and settling time. Increasing derivative gain 𝐾𝑑 will
lead to improved stability. However, practitioners
have often found that the derivative term can
behave against anticipatory action in case of
transport delay. A cumbersome trial-and-error
method to tune its parameters made many
practitioners switch off or even exclude the
derivative term. Therefore, the description of
conventional and the proposed fast-acting dc-link
voltage controllers using PI controllers are given in
the following subsections.
i. Conventional DC-link voltage controller:
The conventional PI controller used for
maintaining the dc-link voltage is shown in Fig. 2.
To maintain the dc-link voltage at the reference
value, the dc-link capacitor needs a certain amount
of real power, which is proportional to the
difference between the actual and reference
voltages. The power required by the capacitor can
be expressed as follows
𝑃𝐷𝐶 = 𝐾𝑝 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 + 𝐾𝑖 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑑𝑡
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the conventional dc-link
voltage controller.
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of the fast-acting dc-link voltage
controller
The dc-link capacitor has slow dynamics
compared to the compensator, since the capacitor
voltage is sampled at every zero crossing of phase
supply voltage. The sampling can also be
performed at a quarter cycles depending upon the
symmetry of the dc-link voltage waveform. The
drawback of this conventional controller is that its
transient response is slow, especially for
fast-changing loads. Also, the design of PI
controller parameters is quite difficult for a
complex system and, hence, these parameters are
chosen by trial and error. Moreover, the dynamic
response during the transients is totally dependent
on the values of 𝐾𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾𝑖 when is comparable
to 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑔 .
ii. Fast-Acting DC Link Voltage Controller
To overcome the disadvantages of the
aforementioned controller, an energy-based dc-link
voltage controller is proposed. The energy required
by the dc-link capacitor Wdc to charge from actual
voltage Vdc to the reference value Vdcref can be
computed as
𝑊𝑑𝑐 =
1
2
𝐶 𝑑𝑐 (𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓
2
− 𝑣 𝑑𝑐 ) ……… (2)
In general, the dc-link capacitor voltage has
ripples with double frequency, that of the supply
frequency. The dc power P’
dc required by the dc-link
capacitor is given as
𝑃𝑑𝑐 =
𝑊 𝑑𝑐
𝑇𝑐
=
1
2𝑇𝑐
(𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓
2
− 𝑣 𝑑𝑐
2
) …………. (3)
Where 𝑇𝐶 is the ripple period of the dc-link
capacitor voltage. Some control schemes have been
reported in [33] and [34]. However, due to the lack
of integral term, there is a steady-state error while
compensating the combined ac and dc loads. This
is eliminated by including an integral term. The
input to this controller is the error between the
squares of reference and the actual capacitor
voltages.
Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the fast-acting dc-link voltage
controller
This controller is shown in Fig. 5 and the
total dc power required by the dc-link capacitor is
computed as follows:
𝑃𝐷𝐶 = 𝐾𝑝 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 + 𝐾𝑖 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑑𝑡
The coefficients 𝐾𝑝𝑒 and 𝐾𝑖𝑒 are the
proportional and integral gains of the proposed
energy-based dc-link voltage controller. As an
energy-based controller, it gives fast response
compared to the conventional PI controller. Thus, it
4. 78 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
A Three Phase D-STATCOM to Compensate AC and DC loads by using Fuzzy Logic DC Link Voltage Controller
can be called a fast acting dc-link voltage
controller. The case in the calculation of the
proportional and integral gains is an additional
advantage.
iii. Selection of the DC-link capacitor
The value of the dc-link capacitor can be selected
based on its ability to regulate the voltage under
transient conditions. Let us assume that the
compensator in first Fig. 1 is connected to a system
with the rating of X kilovolt amperes. The energy of
the system is given by 𝑋 ∗ 1000 𝐽/𝑠. Let us further
assume that the compensator deals with half (i.e.,
𝑋
2
)
and twice (i.e.,2𝑋) capacity under the transient
conditions for n cycles with the system voltage
period of 𝑇𝑆. Then, the change in energy to be dealt
with by the DC capacitor is given as
Now this change in energy (21) should be
supported by the energy stored in the dc capacitor.
Let us allow the dc capacitor to change its total
dc-link voltage from 1.4 𝑉𝑚 to 1.8 𝑉𝑚 during the
transient conditions where 𝑉𝑚 is the peak value of
phase voltage. Hence, we can write
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The load compensator with H-bridge VSI
topology as shown in Fig is realized by digital
simulation by using MATLAB. The load and the
compensator are connected at the PCC. The ac load
consists of a three-phase unbalanced load and a
three-phase diode bridge rectifier feeding a highly
inductive R-L load. A dc load is realized by an
equivalent resistance Rdc as shown in the figure.
The dc load forms 50% of the total power
requirement. The system and compensator
parameters are given in Table.1 By monitoring the
load currents and PCC voltages, the average load
power is computed. At every zero crossing of phase
a voltage, Pdc is generated by using the dc-link
voltage controller. The state-space equations are
solved to compute the actual compensator currents
and dc-link voltage. These actual currents are
compared with the reference currents given by
using hysteresis current control. Based on the
comparison, switching signals are generated to
compute the actual state variables by solving the
state-space model. The source voltages and load
currents are plotted in Fig (a) and (b).
The load currents have total harmonic
distortions of 8.9%, 14.3%, and 21.5% in phases a,
b and c, respectively. The unbalance in load
currents results in neutral current as illustrated in
the figure. The compensator currents and
compensated source currents are shown in Fig. (c)
and (d). As seen from Fig. (d), the source currents
are balanced sinusoids; however, the switching
frequency components are superimposed over the
reference currents due to the switching action of
the VSI. The currents have a unity power factor
relationship with the voltages in the respective
phases. The THDs in these currents are 3.6%,
3.7%, and 3.9% in phases a, b and c, respectively
Fig .6: (a) Supply voltages. (b) Load currents. (c)
Compensator currents (d) Compensated source currents.
There are notches in the source currents due to
finite bandwidth of the VSI. The transient
5. 79 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
performance of the conventional and fast-acting
dc-link voltage controllers are studied by making
sudden changes in the ac load supplied by the ac
load bus as well as the dc load supplied by the dc
link. In the simulation study, the load is halved at
the instant t=0.4 s and brought back to full load at
t=0.8 s. The transient performance is explained in
the following subsections.
i. Transient Performance of Conventional
DC-Link Voltage Controller
The conventional dc-link voltage controller is
used to generate the dc load power 𝑃𝐷𝐶 which is
inclusive of losses in the inverter. The transient
performance of the compensator is shown in Fig. 7
(a) and (b).
Fig. 7: Transient response of the conventional controller. (a)
Compensated source current in phase A (b) DC-link voltage.
The total load, which is a combination of linear
unbalanced and nonlinear load (as given in Table),
is halved at the instant t=0.4 s. Due to a sudden
reduction in the load, the dc-link capacitor absorbs
surplus power from the source. Therefore, there is
an increase in dc-link capacitor voltage above the
reference value. Based on the values of PI controller
gains, the dc-link capacitor voltage controller will
be brought back to the reference value after a few
cycles.
Similarly, when the load is switched back to the
full load at instant t=0.8 s, the dc capacitor
supplies power to the load momentarily and,
hence, the dc-link voltage falls below the reference
value. Due to the PI controller action, the capacitor
voltage will gradually build up and reach its
reference value. If gains of the conventional dc-link
voltage controller are not properly chosen, the
dc-link voltage would have undesirable overshoot
and considerably large settling time. Consequently,
the performance of the load connected to the dc
link also gets affected due to the above factors. It
can be observed from Fig.7 (a) and (b) that the
conventional dc-link voltage controller takes about
a ten cycle period to reach the reference voltage
during load transient. This is indicated by time
duration ts in these figures.
ii. Transient Response of the Conventional
fuzzy logic Controller
By using the fuzzy logic controller instead of the
PI controller we will get the better transient
response. The load is halved at t=0.4s .so the
dc-link voltage is suddenly increased above the
reference value .And it is brought back to its
reference value due to the fuzzy controller action at
the instant of t=0.42s as shown in the Fig.10.and
when the load is switched back to the full load at
instant t =0.8 s, the dc capacitor supplies power to
the load. Hence dc-link voltage is falls below the
reference value and it is brought back to the
reference value at t=0.82s as shown in the Fig. 8.
Fig. 8: Transient response of the fast acting fuzzy logic
controller
V. CONCLUSION
A VSI topology for DSTATCOM compensating ac
unbalanced and nonlinear loads and a dc load
supplied by the dc link of the compensator is
presented. The state-space modeling of the
DSTATCOM is discussed for carrying out the
simulation studies. An energy-based fast-acting
dc-link voltage controller is suggested to ensure the
fast transient response of the compensator.
Mathematical equations are developed to compute
6. 80 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
A Three Phase D-STATCOM to Compensate AC and DC loads by using Fuzzy Logic DC Link Voltage Controller
the gains of this controller. The efficacy of the
proposed controller over the conventional dc-link
voltage controller is established through the digital
simulation and experimental studies. It is observed
from these studies that the proposed dc-link
voltage controller gives fast transient response
under load transients. By using fuzzy logic
controller instead of these two controllers the
transient response is very fast. The conventional
fuzzy logic controller gives the better transient
response than that of the conventional PI
controller. The fast acting fuzzy logic controller
gives the fast transient response than that of all
previous controllers which are discussed above.
The efficacy of the proposed controller is
established through a digital simulation. It is
observed from the above studies the proposed fast
acting fuzzy logic controller gives the fast transient
response for fast varying loads.
VI. APPENDIX
Fig. 9 Conventional Fuzzy logic control of three-phase
D-STATCOM
Fig. 10 Conventional diagram of three-phase D-STATCOM
Fig. 11 Proposed model of three-phase DSTATCOM with fast
acting fuzzy logic controller
Table 1 EXPERIMENTALPARAMETERS
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BIOGRAPHIES
Kolli Nageswara Rao was born in 1986. He
graduated from Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Hyderabad in the
year 2009. He received M.Tech degree from
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Hyderabad in the year 2013. He is working
as Asst. Professor in Sree Vahini Institute of
Science & Technology, Tiruvuru. Andhra
Pradesh. His research interests include
power electronics, multilevel converters, FACTS, PWM
techniques and electric machinery analysis.
Boggavarapu Teja was born in 1992. He
graduated from Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Kakinada in the year
2014. He is working as Lecturer in Sree Vahini
Institute of Science & Technology, Tiruvuru.
Andhra Pradesh. His research interests FACTS,
PWM techniques