This document summarizes the results of a systematic literature review on microservices. 37 papers were analyzed to understand the current research trends, practical motivations, and emerging standards around microservices. The majority of research conducted were solution proposals (17 papers) and validation/evaluation research (10 papers). Most papers investigated microservices in the context of software as a service (SaaS) cloud computing models. Cost, performance, scalability, and deployment were common practical motivations studied. Emerging standards and tools discussed included REST, Docker, Kubernetes and service mesh technologies.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A survey Editor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
From monolithic to microservices to serverlessDavide Taibi
This document discusses software architecture evolution from monolithic systems to microservices and serverless architectures. It provides an overview of the researcher's interests including microservice migration patterns and issues. It also summarizes key microservice concepts like architectural patterns, antipatterns, decomposition techniques, and open research questions.
This document summarizes a systematic mapping study on microservice analysis and architecture evolution. It identifies five common analytical approaches used in literature (static analysis, dynamic analysis, machine learning, architecture reconstruction, and model-based analysis) to address seven categories of problems (monitoring, testing, migration, degradation, security, fault detection, and root cause analysis). It also discusses how microservice analysis relates to and differs from other software analysis areas, and identifies potential future research directions in this area.
Cloud middleware and services-a systematic mapping reviewjournalBEEI
Cloud computing currently plays a crucial role in the delivery of vital information technology services. A unique aspect of cloud computing is the cloud middleware and other related entities that support applications and networks. A specific field of research may be considered, particularly as regards cloud middleware and services at all levels, and thus needs analysis and paper surveys to elucidate possible study limitations. The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic mapping for studies that capture cloud computing middleware, stacks, tools and services. The methodology adopted for this study is a systematic mapping review. The results showed that more papers on the contribution facet were published with tool, model, method and process having 18.10%, 13.79%, 6.03% and 8.62% respectively. In addition, in terms of tool, evaluation and solution research had the largest number of articles with 14.17% and 26.77% respectively. A striking feature of the systemic map is the high number of articles in solution research with respect to all aspects of the features applied in the studies. This study showed clearly that there are gaps in cloud computing middleware and delivery services that would interest researchers and industry professionals desirous of research in this area.
The document proposes an Inter-Cloud Architecture (ICA) to address integration and interoperability issues in heterogeneous multi-domain cloud environments. The key components of the ICA include: (1) a multi-layer Cloud Services Model for vertical integration of cloud services, (2) an Inter-Cloud Control and Management Plane for application/infrastructure control across clouds, and (3) an Inter-Cloud Federation Framework to federate independently managed cloud infrastructure from different providers. The ICA aims to facilitate on-demand provisioning of complex cloud infrastructure involving multiple providers and integration with legacy services.
MULTIVIEW SOA : EXTENDING SOA USING A PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING AS SAAS AND DAASijseajournal
This work is based on two major areas, the Multiview Service Oriented Architecture and the combination between the computing cloud and MV-SOA. Thus, it is suggested to extend firstly the service oriented architecture (SOA) into an architecture called MV-SOA by adding two components, the Multiview service generator, whose role is to transform the classic service into Multiview service, and the data base, this component seeks to stock all of consumer service information. It is also suggested to combine the computing cloud and Multiview Service Oriented Architecture MVSOA. To reach such combination, the
MVSOA architecture was taken and we added to the client-side a private cloud in SaaS and DaaS.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A survey Editor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
From monolithic to microservices to serverlessDavide Taibi
This document discusses software architecture evolution from monolithic systems to microservices and serverless architectures. It provides an overview of the researcher's interests including microservice migration patterns and issues. It also summarizes key microservice concepts like architectural patterns, antipatterns, decomposition techniques, and open research questions.
This document summarizes a systematic mapping study on microservice analysis and architecture evolution. It identifies five common analytical approaches used in literature (static analysis, dynamic analysis, machine learning, architecture reconstruction, and model-based analysis) to address seven categories of problems (monitoring, testing, migration, degradation, security, fault detection, and root cause analysis). It also discusses how microservice analysis relates to and differs from other software analysis areas, and identifies potential future research directions in this area.
Cloud middleware and services-a systematic mapping reviewjournalBEEI
Cloud computing currently plays a crucial role in the delivery of vital information technology services. A unique aspect of cloud computing is the cloud middleware and other related entities that support applications and networks. A specific field of research may be considered, particularly as regards cloud middleware and services at all levels, and thus needs analysis and paper surveys to elucidate possible study limitations. The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic mapping for studies that capture cloud computing middleware, stacks, tools and services. The methodology adopted for this study is a systematic mapping review. The results showed that more papers on the contribution facet were published with tool, model, method and process having 18.10%, 13.79%, 6.03% and 8.62% respectively. In addition, in terms of tool, evaluation and solution research had the largest number of articles with 14.17% and 26.77% respectively. A striking feature of the systemic map is the high number of articles in solution research with respect to all aspects of the features applied in the studies. This study showed clearly that there are gaps in cloud computing middleware and delivery services that would interest researchers and industry professionals desirous of research in this area.
The document proposes an Inter-Cloud Architecture (ICA) to address integration and interoperability issues in heterogeneous multi-domain cloud environments. The key components of the ICA include: (1) a multi-layer Cloud Services Model for vertical integration of cloud services, (2) an Inter-Cloud Control and Management Plane for application/infrastructure control across clouds, and (3) an Inter-Cloud Federation Framework to federate independently managed cloud infrastructure from different providers. The ICA aims to facilitate on-demand provisioning of complex cloud infrastructure involving multiple providers and integration with legacy services.
MULTIVIEW SOA : EXTENDING SOA USING A PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING AS SAAS AND DAASijseajournal
This work is based on two major areas, the Multiview Service Oriented Architecture and the combination between the computing cloud and MV-SOA. Thus, it is suggested to extend firstly the service oriented architecture (SOA) into an architecture called MV-SOA by adding two components, the Multiview service generator, whose role is to transform the classic service into Multiview service, and the data base, this component seeks to stock all of consumer service information. It is also suggested to combine the computing cloud and Multiview Service Oriented Architecture MVSOA. To reach such combination, the
MVSOA architecture was taken and we added to the client-side a private cloud in SaaS and DaaS.
A systematic mapping study of performance analysis and modelling of cloud sys...IJECEIAES
Cloud computing is a paradigm that uses utility-driven models in providing dynamic services to clients at all levels. Performance analysis and modelling is essential because of service level agreement guarantees. Studies on performance analysis and modelling are increasing in a productive manner on the cloud landscape on issues like virtual machines and data storage. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic mapping study of performance analysis and modelling of cloud systems and applications. A systematic mapping study is useful in visualization and summarizing the research carried in an area of interest. The systematic study provided an overview of studies on this subject by using a structure, based on categorization. The results are presented in terms of research such as evaluation and solution, and contribution such as tools and method utilized. The results showed that there were more discussions on optimization in relation to tool, method and process with 6.42%, 14.29% and 7.62% respectively. In addition, analysis based on designs in terms of model had 14.29% and publication relating to optimization in terms of evaluation research had 9.77%, validation 7.52%, experience 3.01%, and solution 10.51%. Research gaps were identified and should motivate researchers in pursuing further research directions.
SIZE METRICS FOR SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTUREmathsjournal
Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to
facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is
one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the
organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research
studies have been done to measure SOA size.However, these studies are not based on software metrics
rendering them to be ineffective in their estimation. This study defined a set of SOA size metrics based on
Unified Modelling Language (UML). The study employed Briand’s theoretical validation to test the validity
of the designed SOA size metrics. Findings from this study will provide metrics to measure SOA size more
accurately and form a basis for future software engineering researchers to develop more effective and more
accurate size metrics and effort estimation methods.
Size Metrics for Service-Oriented Architecture ijseajournal
Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research
studies have been done to measure SOA size.However, these studies are not based on software metrics rendering them to be ineffective in their estimation. This study defined a set of SOA size metrics based on Unified Modelling Language (UML). The study employed Briand’s theoretical validation to test the validity
of the designed SOA size metrics. Findings from this study will provide metrics to measure SOA size more accurately and form a basis for future software engineering researchers to develop more effective and more accurate size metrics and effort estimation methods.
Cloud management and monitoring: a systematic mapping studynooriasukmaningtyas
A key component of ensuring that services are available on the cloud at the right time in the right manner is adequate cloud management. This makes it possible to provide services that meets user demands. The purpose of this research is to carry out a systematic study of management and monitoring on the cloud. Three facets were applied in conducting the categorization. These are the contribution, research, and topic facets. The purpose was to determine the level of work so far carried out in the field of cloud management. This enabled the creation of a pictorial representation of the research coverage. The result of the study showed that there are no opinion research on cloud management. Generally, articles on experience research, philosophical research and metric are the lowest at 6.62%, 4.41% and 1.90% respectively, while articles on models, solution research and evaluation research are the highest with 52.38%, 46.32% and 31.62% respectively. The outcome of this study will stimulate further research in the area cloud management and systematic studies.
This document summarizes the research of a PhD student on developing a distributed business intelligence system using a multi-agent approach. It outlines the student's research objectives, questions, and methodology. The methodology involves applying agent-oriented modeling and design science principles. Domain and goal models are developed to analyze the problem. An architecture is proposed that uses various agent types like facilitator, miner, and aggregator agents. Communication protocols and exception handling are also discussed. Future work involves further developing the design and implementing an experimental system.
360º Degree Requirement Elicitation Framework for Cloud Service ProvidersIJERA Editor
Thisstudy addresses the factors responsible for cloud computing adoption in implementing cloud computing for any organization. Service Level Agreements play a major role for cloud consumer as well as for cloud provider. SLA depends on the requirements gathered by the cloud providers and they vary with the type of organizations for which process is being performed such as education, retail, IT industry etc. SLAs for cloud computing involves technical as well as business requirements which makes the gathering of requirements from stakeholders point of view the heterogeneous process. This research work proposes a 360 degree requirement gathering framework, which reduces the complexitiesduring the process of requirement gathering by cloud service providersas well as SLAs more reliant.
Support for Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering in Elastic Cloud Applicationszillesubhan
Businesses have already started to exploit potential uses of cloud computing as a new paradigm for promoting their services. Although the general concepts they practically focus on are: viability, survivability, adaptability, etc., however, on the ground, there is still a lack for forming mechanisms to sustain viability with adaptation of new requirements in cloud-based applications. This has inspired a pressing need to adopt new methodologies and abstract models which support system acquisition for self-adaptation, thus guaranteeing autonomic cloud application behavior. This paper relies over state-of-the-art Neptune framework as runtime adaptive software development environment supported with intention-oriented modeling language in the representation and adaptation of goal based model artifacts and their intrinsic properties requirements. Such an approach will in turn support distributed service based applications virtually over the cloud to sustain a self-adaptive behavior with respect to its functional and non-functional characteristics.
Cloud Computing: A Perspective on Next Basic Utility in IT World IRJET Journal
This document discusses cloud computing and its architecture. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing, defining it as a model that provides infrastructure, platforms, and software as services. The key characteristics and service models of cloud computing are described.
The document then discusses the architecture of cloud computing, including the layers of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It also describes the deployment models of private cloud, public cloud, community cloud, and hybrid cloud.
The document outlines several challenges of cloud computing, such as resource allocation and scheduling, cost optimization, processing time and speed, memory management, load balancing, security issues, fault
A Generic Model for Student Data Analytic Web Service (SDAWS)Editor IJCATR
Any university management system accumulates a cartload of data and analytics can be applied on it to gather useful
information to aid the academic decision making process. This paper is a novel attempt to demonstrate the significance of a data
analytic web service in the education domain. This can be integrated with the University Management System or any other application
of the university easily. Analytics as a web service offers much benefits over the traditional analysis methods. The web service can be
hosted on a web server and accessed over the internet or on to the private cloud of the campus. The data from various courses from
different departments can be uploaded and analyzed easily. In this paper we design a web service framework to be used in educational
data mining that provide analysis as a service.
Framework for service oriented development of monolithic legacy softwareIAEME Publication
This document presents a framework for service-oriented development of monolithic legacy software. The framework consists of four steps: 1) design of a web service platform, 2) web service development including service recovery, wrapping, and availability, 3) service-oriented reengineering, and 4) integration of services into a target system. The framework is intended to support reengineering a tightly coupled monolithic system into a loosely coupled service-oriented architecture.
Cobe framework cloud ontology blackboard environment for enhancing discovery ...ijccsa
The new relatively concept of cloud computing & its associated methodologies has many advantages in the
world of today. Such advantages range between providing solutions for integration of the miscellaneous
systems & presenting as well guarantees for distribution of searching means & integration of software
tools which are used by consumers & different providers. In this paper, we have constructed an ontologybased
cloud framework with a view to identifying its external agent’s interoperability. The proposed
framework has been designed using the blackboard design style. This framework is composed of mainly
two components: controller and cloud ontology blackboard environment. The function of the controller is
to interact with consumers after receipt of the subject request where it spontaneously uses the ontology
base to distribute it & constitute the required related responses whereas the function of the second
framework component is to interact with different cloud providers and systems, using the meta-ontology
framework to restructure data via using AI reasoning tools and map them to its corresponding
redistributed request. Finally, E-tourism case study can be applicable will be explored.
Web Services Based Information Retrieval Agent System for Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
This document proposes a framework for an information retrieval agent system using web services in a cloud computing environment. The system would allow users to search for medical information from a private medical cloud. Hospitals and clinics in the cloud provide web services with information about specialists and doctors. The proposed multi-agent system would let patients search for information by day, time, doctor name, clinic, or disease. It would include interface, information, and reasoning agents. The interface agent would receive queries, format them, pass them to the information agent, and return results. The information agent would search cloud databases and retrieve results. The reasoning agent would analyze results and return the most relevant to the interface agent.
Web Services Discovery and Recommendation Based on Information Extraction and...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various
factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional
textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services
descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this
problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to
keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced.
Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called
symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of
these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
Graph-Based Algorithm for a User-Aware SaaS Approach: Computing Optimal Distr...IJERA Editor
As a tool to exploit economies of scale, Software as a Service cloud models promote Multi-Tenancy which is the notion of sharing instances among a large group of tenants. However, Multi-Tenancy only satisfies requirements that are common to all tenants as well as the fact that tenants themselves hesitate about sharing. In a try to solve this problem, the present paper propose a User-Aware approach for Software as a Service models using Rich-Variant Components. The main contribution of this approach is a framework summarized in a graphbased algorithm enabling deduction of an optimal distribution of instances on application's tenants. To illustrate and evaluate the framework, the approach is applied on a Software as a Service Application for private school management
IRJET-Computational model for the processing of documents and support to the ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a computational model for processing documents and supporting decision making in information retrieval systems. The model includes five main components: 1) a tracking and indexing component to crawl the web and store document metadata, 2) an information processing component to categorize documents and define user profiles, 3) a decision support component to analyze stored information and generate statistical reports, 4) a display component to provide search interfaces and visualization tools, and 5) specialized roles to administer the system. The goal of the model is to provide a framework for developing large-scale search engines.
WEB SERVICES DISCOVERY AND RECOMMENDATION BASED ON INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced. Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
PATTERN-BASED AND REUSE-DRIVEN ARCHITECTING OF MOBILE CLOUD SOFTWAREijseajournal
Context: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) represents the state-of-the-art technology that unifies mobile computing and cloud computing to develop systems that are portable yet resource sufficient. Mobile computing allows portable communication and context-aware computation, however, due to the energy and resource constraints mobile computing lacks performance for computationally intensive tasks. Cloud computing model uses the ‘as a service’ model - providing hardware and software services - to offer virtually unlimited storage and processing resources. The integration of mobile and cloud computing has given rise to the MCC systems that are portable, context-aware and resource sufficient.
Challenges and Solution: To develop the MCC systems, some recurring challenges such as connectivity, context-awareness, portability and security must be addressed during the system design and architecting process. One way to address these challenges is to use the best practices and repeatable solutions to design and architect the MCC systems. In this research, we aim to utilise the empirically discovered patterns that support reusable design knowledge for architecture-driven development of the MCC systems. We follow a three-step process to empirically discover, document and apply patterns for architecting mobile cloud systems. Specifically, we have discovered three patterns as generic and reusable solutions for MCC systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the patterns based on a case study for architecture-centric development of the MCC patterns. The propose research aims to advance the state-of-the-art on reusable and knowledge-driven architecting of the MCC systems.
This document provides an overview of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and metrics to measure coupling in SOA. It first defines key concepts in SOA like loosely coupled services, service orientation, and service-oriented computing. It then discusses the three planes of SOA - service foundations, service composition, and service management and monitoring. Finally, it proposes using metrics to measure coupling between services to predict maintainability during the design phase of SOA systems.
This document provides an overview of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and metrics to measure coupling in SOA. It first defines key concepts in SOA like loosely coupled services, service orientation, and service-oriented computing. It then discusses the three planes of SOA - service foundations, service composition, and service management and monitoring. Finally, it proposes using metrics to measure coupling between services to predict maintainability during the design phase of SOA systems.
A SERVICE ORIENTED DESIGN APPROACH FOR E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEMSijitcs
The document describes a service-oriented design approach for e-governance systems. It discusses key challenges in developing e-governance systems and proposes addressing these challenges through a service-oriented paradigm. The approach defines concepts like service types (readily available, composable, collaborative), service windows, service composition, and service collaboration. Service types depend on the complexity of processing required - readily available services require minimal processing, composable services may invoke other related services, and collaborative services require coordination across service windows. The approach aims to provide reusable, interoperable services and facilitate integration of existing applications in e-governance systems.
Paper Mate Write Bros Ballpoint Pens, Medium PRichard Hogue
The passage discusses the positive and negative impacts of social media and mass media on adolescents. It notes that teens spend up to 11 hours per day on social media and are exposed to media via electronics. Social media influences how teens dress, act, talk and what they discuss. While mass media can shape adolescent minds and ideas, it remains unclear whether the overall impact is positive or negative. The passage intends to explore this issue by analyzing social media's impacts through sociological lenses of identity and groupthink.
Writing Phrases Best Essay Writing Service, Essay WritRichard Hogue
The document discusses the social and environmental impacts of vertical integration in the banana export trade in Honduras. It explains that in the late 1800s, Honduras was the largest banana exporter to the US. Over time, banana production gradually transitioned from small, individual farms to large monopolies controlled by three major companies. This led to significant social and environmental changes in Honduras as the companies consolidated land and power over banana production and export.
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of the university easily. Analytics as a web service offers much benefits over the traditional analysis methods. The web service can be
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Cobe framework cloud ontology blackboard environment for enhancing discovery ...ijccsa
The new relatively concept of cloud computing & its associated methodologies has many advantages in the
world of today. Such advantages range between providing solutions for integration of the miscellaneous
systems & presenting as well guarantees for distribution of searching means & integration of software
tools which are used by consumers & different providers. In this paper, we have constructed an ontologybased
cloud framework with a view to identifying its external agent’s interoperability. The proposed
framework has been designed using the blackboard design style. This framework is composed of mainly
two components: controller and cloud ontology blackboard environment. The function of the controller is
to interact with consumers after receipt of the subject request where it spontaneously uses the ontology
base to distribute it & constitute the required related responses whereas the function of the second
framework component is to interact with different cloud providers and systems, using the meta-ontology
framework to restructure data via using AI reasoning tools and map them to its corresponding
redistributed request. Finally, E-tourism case study can be applicable will be explored.
Web Services Based Information Retrieval Agent System for Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
This document proposes a framework for an information retrieval agent system using web services in a cloud computing environment. The system would allow users to search for medical information from a private medical cloud. Hospitals and clinics in the cloud provide web services with information about specialists and doctors. The proposed multi-agent system would let patients search for information by day, time, doctor name, clinic, or disease. It would include interface, information, and reasoning agents. The interface agent would receive queries, format them, pass them to the information agent, and return results. The information agent would search cloud databases and retrieve results. The reasoning agent would analyze results and return the most relevant to the interface agent.
Web Services Discovery and Recommendation Based on Information Extraction and...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various
factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional
textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services
descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this
problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to
keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced.
Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called
symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of
these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
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As a tool to exploit economies of scale, Software as a Service cloud models promote Multi-Tenancy which is the notion of sharing instances among a large group of tenants. However, Multi-Tenancy only satisfies requirements that are common to all tenants as well as the fact that tenants themselves hesitate about sharing. In a try to solve this problem, the present paper propose a User-Aware approach for Software as a Service models using Rich-Variant Components. The main contribution of this approach is a framework summarized in a graphbased algorithm enabling deduction of an optimal distribution of instances on application's tenants. To illustrate and evaluate the framework, the approach is applied on a Software as a Service Application for private school management
IRJET-Computational model for the processing of documents and support to the ...IRJET Journal
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WEB SERVICES DISCOVERY AND RECOMMENDATION BASED ON INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced. Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
PATTERN-BASED AND REUSE-DRIVEN ARCHITECTING OF MOBILE CLOUD SOFTWAREijseajournal
Context: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) represents the state-of-the-art technology that unifies mobile computing and cloud computing to develop systems that are portable yet resource sufficient. Mobile computing allows portable communication and context-aware computation, however, due to the energy and resource constraints mobile computing lacks performance for computationally intensive tasks. Cloud computing model uses the ‘as a service’ model - providing hardware and software services - to offer virtually unlimited storage and processing resources. The integration of mobile and cloud computing has given rise to the MCC systems that are portable, context-aware and resource sufficient.
Challenges and Solution: To develop the MCC systems, some recurring challenges such as connectivity, context-awareness, portability and security must be addressed during the system design and architecting process. One way to address these challenges is to use the best practices and repeatable solutions to design and architect the MCC systems. In this research, we aim to utilise the empirically discovered patterns that support reusable design knowledge for architecture-driven development of the MCC systems. We follow a three-step process to empirically discover, document and apply patterns for architecting mobile cloud systems. Specifically, we have discovered three patterns as generic and reusable solutions for MCC systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the patterns based on a case study for architecture-centric development of the MCC patterns. The propose research aims to advance the state-of-the-art on reusable and knowledge-driven architecting of the MCC systems.
This document provides an overview of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and metrics to measure coupling in SOA. It first defines key concepts in SOA like loosely coupled services, service orientation, and service-oriented computing. It then discusses the three planes of SOA - service foundations, service composition, and service management and monitoring. Finally, it proposes using metrics to measure coupling between services to predict maintainability during the design phase of SOA systems.
This document provides an overview of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and metrics to measure coupling in SOA. It first defines key concepts in SOA like loosely coupled services, service orientation, and service-oriented computing. It then discusses the three planes of SOA - service foundations, service composition, and service management and monitoring. Finally, it proposes using metrics to measure coupling between services to predict maintainability during the design phase of SOA systems.
A SERVICE ORIENTED DESIGN APPROACH FOR E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEMSijitcs
The document describes a service-oriented design approach for e-governance systems. It discusses key challenges in developing e-governance systems and proposes addressing these challenges through a service-oriented paradigm. The approach defines concepts like service types (readily available, composable, collaborative), service windows, service composition, and service collaboration. Service types depend on the complexity of processing required - readily available services require minimal processing, composable services may invoke other related services, and collaborative services require coordination across service windows. The approach aims to provide reusable, interoperable services and facilitate integration of existing applications in e-governance systems.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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2. Fowler, “While there is no precise definition of this architectural style, there are certain
common characteristics around organization around business capability, automated
deployment, intelligence in the endpoints, and decentralized control of languages and
data” [1]. Another definition for microservices is “Microservices are small, autonomous
services that work together” [2].
The characteristics of the microservices are listed as follows [1]:
• Componentization via Services
• Organized around Business Capabilities
• Products not Projects
• Smart endpoints and dumb pipes
• Decentralized Governance
• Decentralized Data Management
• Infrastructure Automation
• Design for failure
• Evolutionary Design
The microservices are developed, deployed and maintained separately. This allows
the teams to be autonomous where they can decide on the technology to use which best
addresses the current needs of the business behavior. The language and the database
might be different from one microservice to another. They do not share data between
each other, instead they use Representational State Transfer (REST) protocol to
communicate to each other. The most important benefits of using microservices are
agility, autonomy, scalability, resilience and easy continuous deployment.
Even though microservices were first mentioned at [60] in 2010, the definition of
the microservice mentioned in that study does not totally map to the current
microservice definition in literature. The study carried out in 2010 [60] defines
microservices as light services using REST. It does not mention most of the charac-
teristics listed at [1].
There has been another systematic mapping carried out on microservices in 2016
[40]. In that study, the research questions are around the architectural diagrams used for
microservices’ representation, the quality attributes and the challenges. However, the
emerging standards and de facto tools are not mentioned.
In this paper, the aim is to not only analyze the emerging standards but also the
types of research conducted and the practical motivations around carrying out the
microservices architecture.
2 Method
This study is conducted a systematic mapping as defined in [3] with one modification
(see Fig. 1). The modification is that, we carry out the keywording according to the
whole paper instead of keywording according to the abstract. The reason for the
modification to the original process is to enhance the classification criteria through
adding new areas.
204 H. Vural et al.
3. 2.1 Research Questions
Three research questions are determined as follows:
RQ1: What type of research is conducted on microservices?
RQ2: What are the main practical motivations behind microservices related research?
RQ3: What are the emerging standards and de facto tools on microservices solutions?
2.2 Search Sampling
The search is conducted using Web of Science (Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge),
which includes the following online databases:
• ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) Digital Library [4]
• CiteSeer [5]
• Computer Source [6]
• ebrary [7]
• Human-Computer Interaction Bibliography [8]
• IEEE Xplore [9]
• INSPEC [10]
• INSPEC Archive [11]
• Nature [12]
• Science [13]
• Science Technology Collection [14]
• SciTech Connect [15]
• Springer LINK [16]
2.3 Search Iteration
The search is carried on with the following criteria:
• Keywords: microservice OR micro-service
• Research Area: Computer Science
The search iteration has returned 39 results [17–32, 38–60].
Fig. 1. Process steps and outcomes
A Systematic Literature Review on Microservices 205
4. 3 Screening the Papers
The papers are evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The ones
which do not meet the criteria are excluded.
The inclusion criteria:
• All papers returned from the search criteria
Exclusion criteria:
• If the microservices is just mentioned in the research but the focus of the research is
not directly on microservices.
Out of 39, 2 papers were excluded based on the exclusion criteria [30, 41]. As a
result, 37 papers are included into the mapping process.
4 Keywording
As part of keywording four different categorization schemes are identified:
• Service models in cloud computing
• Operational areas
• Research types
• Emerging standards and tools.
4.1 Service Models in Cloud Computing
The service models in cloud computing are classified in three different types [33]:
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the infrastructure is supplied as a service (e.g.
virtual machine, hard disk, load balancer etc.).
• Platform as a Service (PaaS): The platform is supplied as a service (e.g. Azure SQL,
Tomcat etc.).
• Software as a Service (SaaS): The software itself is supplied as a service (e.g. Office
365, Gmail etc.).
Even though the microservice architecture style is shaped considering cloud needs,
the research papers returned as part of the search criteria do not necessarily use cloud.
As a result, on premise installations (OnPrem) are also included in the service models.
4.2 Operational Areas
In [34] several different operational areas are called out for cloud:
• Accounting and billing
• SLA management (Service Level Agreement)
• Service/resource provisioning
206 H. Vural et al.
5. • Capacity planning
• Configuration management
• Security and privacy assurance
• Fault management
Some of the research papers included in the current study are focusing on cloud
whereas some are not. As a result, the operational areas were modified to fit the needs
as follows:
• Cost comparison
• Availability/Resiliency
• Performance
• Security
• Test technique
• Functionality/Design
• Analytics/Monitoring
• Scalability
• Deployment
The answer for the second research question (RQ2) will be based on the modified
operational areas.
4.3 Research Types
In [35], 6 different research types are called out (See Table 1). The answer to the first
research question (RQ1) will be based on these 6 research types.
4.4 Emerging Standards and Tools
The papers included in this systematic mapping study can be seen as a representation of
the common tools used for microservices. Given that microservices is a new concept,
the standards are not yet well formed. The current systematic study aims also to give an
answer on emerging standards for microservices.
5 Data Extraction and Mapping
The results obtained from mapping are converted into different graphs and they are
given below in a way to answer the defined research questions.
RQ1: What type of research is conducted on microservices?
The papers are mapped to the research types as seen in Fig. 2. The most widely
used research type is Solution Proposal which is followed by Validation Research and
Evaluation Research.
The papers are classified according to the service types as seen in Fig. 3. Almost
half of the papers did not explicitly mention the service type they were targeting
A Systematic Literature Review on Microservices 207
6. (represented as NA in the figure). SaaS by far the most common service type being
investigated. Also, some papers refer to more than one service type.
The bubble chart in Fig. 4 illustrates an analysis based on research types versus
service types. The figure shows that there are only two studies on IaaS investigation
regarding microservices. This is an expected outcome given that the microservices is a
high level architectural style. On the other hand, there is only one official philosophical
research papers on microservices. Most probably the reason is that the philosophical
Table 1. Research types
Class Description
Validation
research
Techniques investigated are novel and have not yet been implemented in
practice. Techniques used are for example experiments, i.e., work done in
the lab
Evaluation
research
Techniques are implemented in practice and an evaluation of the technique
is conducted. That means, it is shown how the technique is implemented in
practice (solution implementation) and what are the consequences of the
implementation in terms of benefits and drawbacks (implementation
evaluation). This also includes identification of problems in industry
Solution
proposal
A solution for a problem is proposed, the solution can be either novel or a
significant extension of an existing technique. The potential benefits and
the applicability of the solution is shown by a small example or a good line
of argumentation
Philosophical
papers
These papers sketch a new way of looking at existing things by structuring
the field inform of a taxonomy or conceptual framework
Opinion papers These papers express the personal opinion of somebody whether a certain
technique is good or bad, or how things should have been done. They do
not rely on related work and research methodologies
Experience
papers
Experience papers explain what and how something has been done in
practice. It has to be the personal experience of the author
Fig. 2. Research types
208 H. Vural et al.
7. statement of microservices was laid out by Lewis and Fowler [1] on 2014. Mostly, the
research is around Solution Proposal which do not explicitly call out the possible
service types applicable for that solution.
RQ2: What are the main practical motivations behind microservices related research?
The papers are mapped to the operational areas and obtained results are shown in
Fig. 5. The main motives are around functionality followed by performance and test
techniques. Given that the microservices paradigm was first mentioned around 2014
and official research papers started to show up in 2015, it is natural to expect the
functionality be main concerns of research.
Fig. 3. Count of papers per service type
Research Type vs Service Type
Philosophical Paper
Opinion Paper
Personal Experience
Proposal of SoluƟon
EvaluaƟon Research
ValidaƟon Research
NA
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
OnPremise
Fig. 4. Service types versus research types
A Systematic Literature Review on Microservices 209
8. Figure 6 aims to answer if the study has empirical results or not. Our analysis
shows that the empirical studies are currently small in amount. Figure 7 illustrates an
analysis based on operational areas versus service types. The most remarkable point is
that most of the studies focus on the functionality/design issues. Figure 8 shows if there
is a new solution proposed and/or implemented. As seen in the figure, most of the
Fig. 5. Operational areas
Fig. 6. Empirical results in research
210 H. Vural et al.
9. research propose new solutions. Another noticeable point is that the implementation
ratio of new solutions is higher than the implementation ratio of existing solutions.
RQ3: What are the emerging standards and de facto tools on microservices solutions?
The occurrence of standards proposed or implemented in the research papers
included into the systematic mapping can be seen in Fig. 9. The figure includes all the
standards either implemented or proposed in systematic mapping papers. As clearly
seen in the figure, REST can be called out as the standard for Microservices, even
though there is one outlier paper which used non-REST protocol in their study [28].
OperaƟonal Area vs Service Type
AnalyƟcs/Monitoring
Availability/Resiliency
Cost Comparison
Deployment
FuncƟonality/Design
Performance
NA
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
OnPremise
Scalability
Security
Test Technique
Fig. 7. Operational area vs service type.
Fig. 8. Implementation of solutions.
A Systematic Literature Review on Microservices 211
10. Only Swagger is used for microservice markup language. It is interesting to see that
WADL or API Blueprint is not mentioned.
The occurrence of tools used in proposed or implemented solutions can be found in
Fig. 10. Docker is seen as the most frequently used tool in studies.
The microservices topic is new and the official research started to show up in
research papers in 2015. As a result, it is expected for the number of research on
microservices to increase over time. Figure 11 shows publication numbers over time.
The last search was carried out on the Web of Science in January 2017. On the figure,
Fig. 9. Emerging standards
Fig. 10. Common tools used for implementing microservices
212 H. Vural et al.
11. the line shows the trend. It is seen that the amount of papers increases radically and the
trend line is going up.
6 Conclusions and Future Work
The term microservices was first appeared in 2014. All academic papers about
microservices belong to 2015 and 2016. From that, we conclude that it is completely a
new topic.
Considering the mapping results, we can conclude that microservices is a trending
topic and our prediction is that we will see increasing trend in the near future.
Another important conclusion that we draw from the systematic mapping is that
there are not enough empirical studies to clarify many issues under discussion related to
microservices. Also, there is no research specifically targeting the fragile points of
microservices such as distributed transactions.
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