A Survey on Hong Kong Secondary School Students’ Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma
Cecilia Young1*, Kin Yau Wong2, Lim K. Cheung3,4
1 Private Practice, Hong Kong, 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 BDS (Glasgow), FFDRCS (Ireland), FDSRCPS (Glasgow), FRACDS (Australia), FRACDS (OMS) (Australia), PhD (HK), Hon FDSRCS (Edin), FHKAM (Dental Surgery), FCDSHK (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), 4 Chair Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Effectiveness of educational poster on knowledge of emergency management of d...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
Effectiveness of Educational Poster on Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma - Part 2: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Secondary School Students
Cecilia Young1*, Kin Yau Wong2, Lim K. Cheung3
1 Private Practice, Hong Kong, 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of educational poster on improving secondary school students’ knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma.
Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. 16 schools with total 671 secondary students who can read Chinese or English were randomised into intervention (poster, 8 schools, 364 students) and control groups (8 schools, 305 students) at the school level. Baseline knowledge of dental trauma was obtained by a questionnaire. Poster containing information of dental trauma management was displayed in a classroom for 2 weeks in each school in the intervention group whereas in the control group there was no display of such posters. Students of both groups completed the same questionnarie after 2 weeks.
Results: Two-week display of posters improved the knowledge score by 1.25 (p-value = 0.0407) on average.
Conclusion: Educational poster on dental trauma management significantly improved the level of knowledge of secondary school students in Hong Kong.
Trial Registration: HKClinicalTrial.com HKCTR-1343 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01809457
Citation: Young C, Wong KY, Cheung LK (2014) Effectiveness of Educational Poster on Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma - Part 2: Cluster
Randomised Controlled Trial for Secondary School Students. PLoS ONE 9(8): e101972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101972
Editor: Michael Glogauer, University of Toronto, Canada
Received May 19, 2013; Accepted June 10, 2014; Published August 5, 2014
Copyright: 2014 Young et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Funding: The study is self-funded by the principal investigator.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* Email: ceciliatyp@yahoo.com.hk
Emergency management of dental trauma knowledge of hong kong primary and seco...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emergency management of dental trauma: knowledge of Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers
Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
KY Wong 黃堅祐
LK Cheung 張念光
Objectives To investigate the level of knowledge about emergency management of dental trauma among Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers.
Awareness of Orthodontic Treatment in School Children of Karnataka State – A ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Aims: To assess the awareness of Orthodontic treatment among school children in Karnataka. Settings and Design: School settings and Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in all the 30 districts of Karnataka. School children in the age group of 10-16 years were the target population. Population proportionate technique was employed for the sample size estimation. A total sample of 9505 was randomly selected from 102 schools all over Karnataka. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis used: One way Anova, Scheffe’s post hoc-test. Results: Our study showed an average awareness of orthodontic treatment in Karnataka school children. Conclusions: The awareness was influenced by the literacy rate as districts with higher literacy showed higher awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment and districts with lower literacy rate showed lesser awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents of Indian pop...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Background: Kids and teenagers are more prone to oral diseases. Poor oral health has a significant impact on oral well-being–associated quality of life. Thus, we performed an investigation to examine the outcome of oral health status on
the quality of life of children and adolescents in Indian population, by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children, ranging between 1 and 19 years of age who attended Indian hospitals from November 2016 to October 2019, were included in the study. The DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) and OHIP-14 were used as data collection tools. Association of the total OHIP-14 score and seven subscales associated with it was evaluated using Spearman’s correlations.
Results: The results showed statistically noteworthy association between the toothbrushing regularity, number of dental appointments, history of oral trauma, smoking, and subdomains of OHIP-14 (P < 0.05)
Conclusion: Dental and oral health of an individual has a great impact on their quality of life.
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
Prevalence,riskfactors and treatment needs of traumatic dental injuries to an...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
The document summarizes a study that assessed the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to permanent anterior teeth among 6-15 year old schoolchildren in Bhopal, India. The study found an overall TDI prevalence of 8.6%. Boys had a higher prevalence than girls at a ratio of 2.22:1. Falls at home were the most common cause, and overjet greater than 5.5 mm and inadequate lip coverage were significant risk factors. Most fractured cases occurred with Class I malocclusion. While TDIs were common, many injuries went untreated.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
this study is a questionnaire survey among the school teachers regarding awareness about the tooth avulsion trauma and it's management. formal training about first aid in school. coconut water, milk, hbss should be given in schools.training programmes should be done frequently.
Effectiveness of educational poster on knowledge of emergency management of d...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
Effectiveness of Educational Poster on Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma - Part 2: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Secondary School Students
Cecilia Young1*, Kin Yau Wong2, Lim K. Cheung3
1 Private Practice, Hong Kong, 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of educational poster on improving secondary school students’ knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma.
Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. 16 schools with total 671 secondary students who can read Chinese or English were randomised into intervention (poster, 8 schools, 364 students) and control groups (8 schools, 305 students) at the school level. Baseline knowledge of dental trauma was obtained by a questionnaire. Poster containing information of dental trauma management was displayed in a classroom for 2 weeks in each school in the intervention group whereas in the control group there was no display of such posters. Students of both groups completed the same questionnarie after 2 weeks.
Results: Two-week display of posters improved the knowledge score by 1.25 (p-value = 0.0407) on average.
Conclusion: Educational poster on dental trauma management significantly improved the level of knowledge of secondary school students in Hong Kong.
Trial Registration: HKClinicalTrial.com HKCTR-1343 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01809457
Citation: Young C, Wong KY, Cheung LK (2014) Effectiveness of Educational Poster on Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma - Part 2: Cluster
Randomised Controlled Trial for Secondary School Students. PLoS ONE 9(8): e101972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101972
Editor: Michael Glogauer, University of Toronto, Canada
Received May 19, 2013; Accepted June 10, 2014; Published August 5, 2014
Copyright: 2014 Young et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Funding: The study is self-funded by the principal investigator.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* Email: ceciliatyp@yahoo.com.hk
Emergency management of dental trauma knowledge of hong kong primary and seco...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emergency management of dental trauma: knowledge of Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers
Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
KY Wong 黃堅祐
LK Cheung 張念光
Objectives To investigate the level of knowledge about emergency management of dental trauma among Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers.
Awareness of Orthodontic Treatment in School Children of Karnataka State – A ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Aims: To assess the awareness of Orthodontic treatment among school children in Karnataka. Settings and Design: School settings and Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in all the 30 districts of Karnataka. School children in the age group of 10-16 years were the target population. Population proportionate technique was employed for the sample size estimation. A total sample of 9505 was randomly selected from 102 schools all over Karnataka. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis used: One way Anova, Scheffe’s post hoc-test. Results: Our study showed an average awareness of orthodontic treatment in Karnataka school children. Conclusions: The awareness was influenced by the literacy rate as districts with higher literacy showed higher awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment and districts with lower literacy rate showed lesser awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents of Indian pop...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Background: Kids and teenagers are more prone to oral diseases. Poor oral health has a significant impact on oral well-being–associated quality of life. Thus, we performed an investigation to examine the outcome of oral health status on
the quality of life of children and adolescents in Indian population, by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children, ranging between 1 and 19 years of age who attended Indian hospitals from November 2016 to October 2019, were included in the study. The DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) and OHIP-14 were used as data collection tools. Association of the total OHIP-14 score and seven subscales associated with it was evaluated using Spearman’s correlations.
Results: The results showed statistically noteworthy association between the toothbrushing regularity, number of dental appointments, history of oral trauma, smoking, and subdomains of OHIP-14 (P < 0.05)
Conclusion: Dental and oral health of an individual has a great impact on their quality of life.
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
Prevalence,riskfactors and treatment needs of traumatic dental injuries to an...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
The document summarizes a study that assessed the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to permanent anterior teeth among 6-15 year old schoolchildren in Bhopal, India. The study found an overall TDI prevalence of 8.6%. Boys had a higher prevalence than girls at a ratio of 2.22:1. Falls at home were the most common cause, and overjet greater than 5.5 mm and inadequate lip coverage were significant risk factors. Most fractured cases occurred with Class I malocclusion. While TDIs were common, many injuries went untreated.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
this study is a questionnaire survey among the school teachers regarding awareness about the tooth avulsion trauma and it's management. formal training about first aid in school. coconut water, milk, hbss should be given in schools.training programmes should be done frequently.
Gautam Singh - Application of Bayesian Classifier for the Diagnosis of Dental...Gautam Singh
This document describes a study that developed a Bayesian classifier to diagnose dental diseases based on patient-reported pain parameters. Researchers collected data on 14 pain parameters and 10 common dental diseases from 10 dentists evaluating 40 cases each. They analyzed the data, identified significant predictors, and developed a naive Bayesian classifier. They then used a hill climbing algorithm to create a learned Bayesian classifier, which achieved an average accuracy of 72% in diagnosing diseases based on pain parameters alone. This accuracy was seen as clinically useful for dentists.
Contents lists available at science directnurse education tRAJU852744
This study aimed to determine how nursing students transfer theoretical knowledge to clinical practice and the difficulties they experience. The researchers conducted focus group interviews with 30 nursing students. The students reported that their theoretical knowledge was extensive but they struggled to apply it clinically. They lacked clinical skills and were afraid to touch patients from a fear of making mistakes. The students also reported not receiving adequate guidance from instructors in clinical settings. Some instructors were too distant or strict, making students hesitant to ask questions. Communication problems were also experienced with some nurses and clinical instructors who did not cooperate with students.
This document discusses the development of a questionnaire to investigate common errors made by audiology students during clinical training. The questionnaire was developed based on a review of clinical protocols and rubrics. It contains statements in 8 areas of clinical testing that were validated by clinical preceptors. The questionnaire aims to identify errors related to knowledge, practical skills, professionalism, and communication in order to develop feedback modules for simulated learning environments in audiology education. In the future, the validated questionnaire will be administered to audiologists to identify the most common errors made by students during clinical training.
Assessment of clinical outcomes of roth and mbt bracket prescription using th...Selvaraj Arunachalam
The document assessed clinical outcomes of orthodontic cases treated with Roth and MBT bracket prescriptions using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). Forty patients treated with either Roth or MBT brackets were evaluated based on post-treatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs using the ABO-OGS scoring criteria. The MBT bracket group had significantly lower scores for buccolingual inclination and occlusal contact. The total ABO-OGS score was also lower for MBT by 2.65 points, though the clinical significance was small. Both bracket prescriptions produced similar clinical outcomes with quality depending more on clinician skill than prescription.
This document discusses the development of a questionnaire to identify common errors made by audiology students during clinical training. The questionnaire covers 8 areas of routine audiology assessments. Student errors will be categorized based on feedback from audiology preceptors. Identifying these common errors will help in developing formative feedback modules for a new high-fidelity simulated learning environment in audiology education. Future work includes validating the questionnaire, identifying the most common errors, and integrating them into the simulated learning environment training.
The study aims to assess whether use of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questionnaire can reduce dental anxiety in patients. 400 participants will be randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. Both groups will complete routine dental care. The intervention group will additionally complete the MDAS questionnaire before and after care. The MDAS is a 5-item scale that assesses anxiety levels. The study will compare anxiety levels between the two groups after 1 year as measured by MDAS scores and dentist/patient assessments to determine if the MDAS is effective in reducing dental anxiety.
This document summarizes evidence from several studies on various aspects of evidence-based prosthodontics. It discusses types of studies used in evidence-based dentistry including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case reports. It then examines specific evidence related to prosthodontic treatment planning, factors influencing single-tooth implant decisions versus endodontic therapy, decision-making approaches in implant dentistry, outcomes of implants in augmented bone, and survival rates of different prosthesis types. The conclusion emphasizes that a multidisciplinary approach and shared decision-making is important in prosthodontic treatment planning based on available evidence and individual patient factors.
Interdisciplinary Seminars and First-Aid Textbook on Dental Trauma for Medica...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
Interdisciplinary Seminars and First-Aid Textbook on Dental Trauma for Medical Students and Practitioners
Cecilia Young*
Independent Researcher, Hong Kong
*Corresponding Author: Cecilia Young, Independent Researcher, Hong Kong.
Received: May 29, 2018 ; Published: June 21, 2018
The document summarizes a study that assessed parents' knowledge of factors influencing oral hygiene practices in pediatric patients. A questionnaire was administered to parents to obtain data on their oral health habits, beliefs, knowledge of primary dentition and tooth shedding. Most parents changed toothbrushes every 6 months but only some visited dentists annually. While most agreed treatment is important, some declined due to cost or time constraints. The study concluded parental education plays a major role in children's oral health, and awareness among parents needs improving to better care for children's teeth.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
Weaving together peer assessment, audios, and medical vignettes in teaching m...Mohammad Allibaih
Objectives: The current study aims at exploring the possi-bility of aligning peer assessment, audiovisuals, and medical case-report extracts (vignettes) in medical terminology teaching. In addition, the study wishes to highlight the effectiveness of audio materials and medical history vi-gnettes in preventing medical students' comprehension, listening, writing, and pronunciation errors. The study also aims at reflecting the medical students' attitudes towards the teaching and learning process.
Methods: The study involved 161 medical students who received an intensive medical terminology course through audio and medical history extracts. Peer assessment and formative assessment platforms were applied through fake quizzes in a pre- and post-test manner. An 18-item survey was distributed amongst students to investigate their attitudes and feedback towards the teaching and learning process. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using the SPSS software.
Results: The students did better in the posttests than on the pretests for both the quizzes of audios and medical vignettes showing a t-test of -12.09 and -13.60 respectively. Moreover, out of the 133 students, 120 students (90.22%) responded to the survey questions. The students gave positive attitudes towards the application of audios and vignettes in the teaching and learning of medical terminology and towards the learning process.
Conclusions: The current study revealed that the teaching and learning of medical terminology have more room for the application of advanced technologies, effective assess-ment platforms, and active learning strategies in higher education. It also highlights that students are capable of carrying more responsibilities of assessment, feedback, and e-learning.
Assesment of Self Evaluation Of Dental Appearance Among Non-Dental Undergradu...Dr. Prathamesh Fulsundar
Orthodontist routinely evaluate patients and prescribe treatment plans in order to satisfy the often stated goals of good dental function, stability of teeth & jaw position & dental aesthetics. however aesthetics has variability in individual judgments, it can differ for patients and dentists making it difficult to make generalized statements hence the aim of this study was to assess the self evaluation and satisfaction of dental appearance among non dental undergraduate students and their attitude towards orthodontic treatment.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 25th publication IJCAR 1st name
This review paper analyzed 1300 publications in the Journal of Maxillofacial Oral Surgery from 2009 to 2020 to evaluate trends in levels of evidence. The analysis found that case reports and narrative reviews with a level D evidence accounted for 36% of publications. The majority (35%) of articles fell under maxillofacial pathology. The percentage of higher levels of evidence (A and B) increased from 2.09% in 2009/2010 to 12.74% in 2019/2020, indicating improving research quality over time. Categorizing publications by level of evidence and topic can help refine research quality in the journal going forward.
Malocclusion And Deleterious Oral Habits In South Indian Adolscent Population...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the prevalence of malocclusion and associated oral habits in South Indian adolescents. The researchers assessed 1000 12-15 year olds using the Dental Aesthetic Index and found that 52% had some form of malocclusion. Deleterious oral habits were present in 21.2% of subjects and those with habits were more likely to have malocclusion than those without. Specific habits like tongue thrusting and mouth breathing were correlated with traits like crowding and open bite. The study concludes that malocclusion in this population is directly linked to the presence of oral habits.
Austin Journal of Anatomy is an open access, peer review Journal publishing original research & review articles in all the fields of Anatomy. Anatomy is the study of body parts of Living Organisms, which is one of the important branches in medicine. Austin Journal of Anatomy provides a new platform for all researchers, scientists, scholars, students to publish their research work & update the latest research information.
Austin Journal of Anatomy is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Anatomy supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Anatomy research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
The document discusses changes in medical student assessments over the past 50 years from traditional written exams to more comprehensive evaluations of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It describes current assessment strategies like problem-based learning and standardized patients that evaluate students in multiple settings. The document then focuses on Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) which have been adopted in many countries. OSCEs involve students rotating through stations to demonstrate clinical and communication skills with standardized patients within a set time limit. Preparing for OSCEs requires repetitive practice of a systematic approach to patient encounters. While challenging to implement, OSCEs can provide fair and standardized assessments if properly planned and coordinated.
Introduction of Objective Structured Clinical Examination as assessment tool ...iosrjce
This document describes a study that introduced Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) as an assessment tool in formative examinations for the Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology department at a medical college in India. The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of OSCEs by students and faculty. Students and faculty were oriented to OSCEs and then 15 stations were used to assess students' clinical skills over 15 days. Feedback found that over 90% of students and faculty found OSCEs acceptable, feasible, improved clinical skills, and were better than conventional assessment methods. The study concluded that introducing OSCEs increased reliable assessment and student confidence in clinical skills.
standard
deviation;
CPQ:
Child
Perceptions
Questionnaire;
OHIP:
Oral
Health
Impact
Profile;
NR:
not
reported;
NA:
not
applicable.
Study
Study
design
Sample
size
Age
(years)
Sex
(M/F)
Type of
treatment
OHRQoL
instrument
Time of
assessment
Results
Benson
et al.
(2005)
Cohort
27
11-18
NR
Fixed
appliances
CPQ 11-14
Before and
after
treatment
The document discusses a research study assessing the oral health status of basic education students at Our Lady of Fatima University. It aims to determine the students' demographic profiles, most common oral conditions, and current oral health status in terms of caries formation, calculus deposits, and number of extractions. The study also compares oral health factors between elementary and high school students. Overall results found that over half of students experienced dental caries, with the condition being more prevalent in females. Most students also had supragingival plaque and calculus deposits. The Philippines generally has poor oral health among children according to national survey data.
Gautam Singh - Application of Bayesian Classifier for the Diagnosis of Dental...Gautam Singh
This document describes a study that developed a Bayesian classifier to diagnose dental diseases based on patient-reported pain parameters. Researchers collected data on 14 pain parameters and 10 common dental diseases from 10 dentists evaluating 40 cases each. They analyzed the data, identified significant predictors, and developed a naive Bayesian classifier. They then used a hill climbing algorithm to create a learned Bayesian classifier, which achieved an average accuracy of 72% in diagnosing diseases based on pain parameters alone. This accuracy was seen as clinically useful for dentists.
Contents lists available at science directnurse education tRAJU852744
This study aimed to determine how nursing students transfer theoretical knowledge to clinical practice and the difficulties they experience. The researchers conducted focus group interviews with 30 nursing students. The students reported that their theoretical knowledge was extensive but they struggled to apply it clinically. They lacked clinical skills and were afraid to touch patients from a fear of making mistakes. The students also reported not receiving adequate guidance from instructors in clinical settings. Some instructors were too distant or strict, making students hesitant to ask questions. Communication problems were also experienced with some nurses and clinical instructors who did not cooperate with students.
This document discusses the development of a questionnaire to investigate common errors made by audiology students during clinical training. The questionnaire was developed based on a review of clinical protocols and rubrics. It contains statements in 8 areas of clinical testing that were validated by clinical preceptors. The questionnaire aims to identify errors related to knowledge, practical skills, professionalism, and communication in order to develop feedback modules for simulated learning environments in audiology education. In the future, the validated questionnaire will be administered to audiologists to identify the most common errors made by students during clinical training.
Assessment of clinical outcomes of roth and mbt bracket prescription using th...Selvaraj Arunachalam
The document assessed clinical outcomes of orthodontic cases treated with Roth and MBT bracket prescriptions using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). Forty patients treated with either Roth or MBT brackets were evaluated based on post-treatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs using the ABO-OGS scoring criteria. The MBT bracket group had significantly lower scores for buccolingual inclination and occlusal contact. The total ABO-OGS score was also lower for MBT by 2.65 points, though the clinical significance was small. Both bracket prescriptions produced similar clinical outcomes with quality depending more on clinician skill than prescription.
This document discusses the development of a questionnaire to identify common errors made by audiology students during clinical training. The questionnaire covers 8 areas of routine audiology assessments. Student errors will be categorized based on feedback from audiology preceptors. Identifying these common errors will help in developing formative feedback modules for a new high-fidelity simulated learning environment in audiology education. Future work includes validating the questionnaire, identifying the most common errors, and integrating them into the simulated learning environment training.
The study aims to assess whether use of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questionnaire can reduce dental anxiety in patients. 400 participants will be randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. Both groups will complete routine dental care. The intervention group will additionally complete the MDAS questionnaire before and after care. The MDAS is a 5-item scale that assesses anxiety levels. The study will compare anxiety levels between the two groups after 1 year as measured by MDAS scores and dentist/patient assessments to determine if the MDAS is effective in reducing dental anxiety.
This document summarizes evidence from several studies on various aspects of evidence-based prosthodontics. It discusses types of studies used in evidence-based dentistry including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case reports. It then examines specific evidence related to prosthodontic treatment planning, factors influencing single-tooth implant decisions versus endodontic therapy, decision-making approaches in implant dentistry, outcomes of implants in augmented bone, and survival rates of different prosthesis types. The conclusion emphasizes that a multidisciplinary approach and shared decision-making is important in prosthodontic treatment planning based on available evidence and individual patient factors.
Interdisciplinary Seminars and First-Aid Textbook on Dental Trauma for Medica...Cecilia Young 楊幽幽
Interdisciplinary Seminars and First-Aid Textbook on Dental Trauma for Medical Students and Practitioners
Cecilia Young*
Independent Researcher, Hong Kong
*Corresponding Author: Cecilia Young, Independent Researcher, Hong Kong.
Received: May 29, 2018 ; Published: June 21, 2018
The document summarizes a study that assessed parents' knowledge of factors influencing oral hygiene practices in pediatric patients. A questionnaire was administered to parents to obtain data on their oral health habits, beliefs, knowledge of primary dentition and tooth shedding. Most parents changed toothbrushes every 6 months but only some visited dentists annually. While most agreed treatment is important, some declined due to cost or time constraints. The study concluded parental education plays a major role in children's oral health, and awareness among parents needs improving to better care for children's teeth.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
Weaving together peer assessment, audios, and medical vignettes in teaching m...Mohammad Allibaih
Objectives: The current study aims at exploring the possi-bility of aligning peer assessment, audiovisuals, and medical case-report extracts (vignettes) in medical terminology teaching. In addition, the study wishes to highlight the effectiveness of audio materials and medical history vi-gnettes in preventing medical students' comprehension, listening, writing, and pronunciation errors. The study also aims at reflecting the medical students' attitudes towards the teaching and learning process.
Methods: The study involved 161 medical students who received an intensive medical terminology course through audio and medical history extracts. Peer assessment and formative assessment platforms were applied through fake quizzes in a pre- and post-test manner. An 18-item survey was distributed amongst students to investigate their attitudes and feedback towards the teaching and learning process. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using the SPSS software.
Results: The students did better in the posttests than on the pretests for both the quizzes of audios and medical vignettes showing a t-test of -12.09 and -13.60 respectively. Moreover, out of the 133 students, 120 students (90.22%) responded to the survey questions. The students gave positive attitudes towards the application of audios and vignettes in the teaching and learning of medical terminology and towards the learning process.
Conclusions: The current study revealed that the teaching and learning of medical terminology have more room for the application of advanced technologies, effective assess-ment platforms, and active learning strategies in higher education. It also highlights that students are capable of carrying more responsibilities of assessment, feedback, and e-learning.
Assesment of Self Evaluation Of Dental Appearance Among Non-Dental Undergradu...Dr. Prathamesh Fulsundar
Orthodontist routinely evaluate patients and prescribe treatment plans in order to satisfy the often stated goals of good dental function, stability of teeth & jaw position & dental aesthetics. however aesthetics has variability in individual judgments, it can differ for patients and dentists making it difficult to make generalized statements hence the aim of this study was to assess the self evaluation and satisfaction of dental appearance among non dental undergraduate students and their attitude towards orthodontic treatment.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 25th publication IJCAR 1st name
This review paper analyzed 1300 publications in the Journal of Maxillofacial Oral Surgery from 2009 to 2020 to evaluate trends in levels of evidence. The analysis found that case reports and narrative reviews with a level D evidence accounted for 36% of publications. The majority (35%) of articles fell under maxillofacial pathology. The percentage of higher levels of evidence (A and B) increased from 2.09% in 2009/2010 to 12.74% in 2019/2020, indicating improving research quality over time. Categorizing publications by level of evidence and topic can help refine research quality in the journal going forward.
Malocclusion And Deleterious Oral Habits In South Indian Adolscent Population...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the prevalence of malocclusion and associated oral habits in South Indian adolescents. The researchers assessed 1000 12-15 year olds using the Dental Aesthetic Index and found that 52% had some form of malocclusion. Deleterious oral habits were present in 21.2% of subjects and those with habits were more likely to have malocclusion than those without. Specific habits like tongue thrusting and mouth breathing were correlated with traits like crowding and open bite. The study concludes that malocclusion in this population is directly linked to the presence of oral habits.
Austin Journal of Anatomy is an open access, peer review Journal publishing original research & review articles in all the fields of Anatomy. Anatomy is the study of body parts of Living Organisms, which is one of the important branches in medicine. Austin Journal of Anatomy provides a new platform for all researchers, scientists, scholars, students to publish their research work & update the latest research information.
Austin Journal of Anatomy is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Anatomy supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Anatomy research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
The document discusses changes in medical student assessments over the past 50 years from traditional written exams to more comprehensive evaluations of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It describes current assessment strategies like problem-based learning and standardized patients that evaluate students in multiple settings. The document then focuses on Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) which have been adopted in many countries. OSCEs involve students rotating through stations to demonstrate clinical and communication skills with standardized patients within a set time limit. Preparing for OSCEs requires repetitive practice of a systematic approach to patient encounters. While challenging to implement, OSCEs can provide fair and standardized assessments if properly planned and coordinated.
Introduction of Objective Structured Clinical Examination as assessment tool ...iosrjce
This document describes a study that introduced Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) as an assessment tool in formative examinations for the Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology department at a medical college in India. The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of OSCEs by students and faculty. Students and faculty were oriented to OSCEs and then 15 stations were used to assess students' clinical skills over 15 days. Feedback found that over 90% of students and faculty found OSCEs acceptable, feasible, improved clinical skills, and were better than conventional assessment methods. The study concluded that introducing OSCEs increased reliable assessment and student confidence in clinical skills.
standard
deviation;
CPQ:
Child
Perceptions
Questionnaire;
OHIP:
Oral
Health
Impact
Profile;
NR:
not
reported;
NA:
not
applicable.
Study
Study
design
Sample
size
Age
(years)
Sex
(M/F)
Type of
treatment
OHRQoL
instrument
Time of
assessment
Results
Benson
et al.
(2005)
Cohort
27
11-18
NR
Fixed
appliances
CPQ 11-14
Before and
after
treatment
The document discusses a research study assessing the oral health status of basic education students at Our Lady of Fatima University. It aims to determine the students' demographic profiles, most common oral conditions, and current oral health status in terms of caries formation, calculus deposits, and number of extractions. The study also compares oral health factors between elementary and high school students. Overall results found that over half of students experienced dental caries, with the condition being more prevalent in females. Most students also had supragingival plaque and calculus deposits. The Philippines generally has poor oral health among children according to national survey data.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents in Belagavi city, India regarding oral health care and prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). A questionnaire was administered to 218 parents who were attending a dental clinic with their children. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge of cariogenic diet and oral hygiene, attitudes toward prevention of ECC, and self-reported oral health practices. The results found that while parents had good overall knowledge, their attitudes and reported practices did not consistently reflect this. Good knowledge and positive attitudes do not necessarily translate to preventative oral health behaviors.
1. The document outlines a proposed study by Bosco Jose to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers of lower primary school children regarding prevention of dental caries in Mangalore.
2. The study will utilize a descriptive survey design and purposive sampling to collect data from 60 mothers using structured questionnaires on knowledge and practice.
3. The objectives are to determine mothers' level of knowledge and practice regarding dental caries prevention, and to analyze the correlation between knowledge and practice and their association with demographic variables.
Knowledge and Attitude of Dental Students and Staffs towards Basic life Suppo...IJAEMSJORNAL
Introduction:The present study was aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards basic life support (BLS) among the dental students and faculty of Al Azhar dental college. Materials and Methods:A descriptive study was conducted by using a Questionnaire comprising of 20 questions to collect the data pertaining to awareness and knowledge of BLS, attitude towards BLS among the 3rd, final year dental students and the faculty members. After excluding the incomplete response sheets which were none in the present study, the data from 212 members were subjected to the analysis. The Main outcome measure was the over all score in the BLS knowledge. Knowledge of BLS was assessed as per the data contained in the Basic life support manual from American Heart Association. Results: Out of 212 members 109 were 3rd year students and 85 were final year students and 18 faculty members. The overall knowledge score was 33.7%. Overall results were poor with less than minimum knowledge on the topic BLS. A score of less than 50% was evident in the study indicating a poor knowledge of BLS among both the students and the faculty.The range of correct answers were 3-11 among students and 4-6 among the staffs. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between students and faculty members. Conclusion: Present study reports just 33.7 % participants had knowledge regarding BLS necessitates immediate attention of training of dental students and faculties regarding BLS.
Preventing dental caries in children ,5 yearsNina Shevchenko
This systematic review aimed to update recommendations on preventing dental caries in children under 5. The review found:
1) No studies directly evaluated the effectiveness of screening by primary care providers on caries outcomes.
2) One good-quality study found primary care examination had reasonable accuracy for identifying cavities.
3) No studies evaluated the accuracy of primary care risk assessment for future caries.
4) Two nonrandomized trials found multifactorial interventions including education were associated with reduced caries, but did not isolate the effectiveness of education alone.
Capstone Project Topic Selection And Approval.docx4934bk
The document discusses a proposed capstone project topic on preventing pressure ulcers in elderly hospitalized patients. Specifically:
- The problem is pressure ulcers developing in elderly patients with limited mobility during hospitalization.
- The setting is an acute care facility where many elderly orthopedic surgery patients are admitted.
- The proposed solution is to implement pressure relieving mattresses, heel protectors, staff education, and a pressure ulcer prevention team to monitor patients and decrease pressure ulcer incidence.
This study surveyed the status of formal patient safety (PS) curriculum across 17 Canadian medical schools. It found PS curriculum to be inconsistent and not fully addressing key competencies. Common topics included PS culture, teamwork, systems approach and adverse event reporting. Teaching methods varied from didactic large groups to small experiential learning. Time devoted ranged from episodic to elective-only. Online resources like IHI modules were commonly used. Limitations included reliance on publicly available information and need for further data collection.
Assess the Oral Hygiene Practices, Occurrence of Dental Caries and Gingivitis...ijtsrd
The study assessed the oral hygiene practices, occurrence of dental caries and gingivitis among 195 school-age children in rural India. Key findings included:
- 58.46% of children had dental caries and 38.79% experienced tooth pain.
- Most mothers (94.36%) had not received education on dental hygiene.
- Majority of children (97.95%) were taught brushing by their mothers but only 38.97% were supervised.
- Significant associations were found between material used between teeth/brushing technique and dental caries.
- The study concluded greater health education for parents and encouragement of good oral hygiene practices in children was needed to prevent dental car
This document discusses a study that assessed awareness and knowledge of forensic odontology among dental professionals in India. The study found that most participants (93.5%) had studied forensic odontology basics in undergraduate studies. However, around 78.4% were unaware of preserving dental records for future forensic needs. While 75.3% understood signs of child abuse and 56.3% could document bite marks, most (77.9%) did not know that dentists can be expert witnesses. The study concludes there is a general lack of forensic odontology knowledge and practice among Indian dental practitioners.
This study assessed the level of first aid knowledge among 1,053 medical and non-medical undergraduate students in Karachi, Pakistan. Medical students showed significantly higher knowledge in 19 out of 20 first aid questions compared to non-medical students. Only 20.6% of students overall demonstrated good first aid knowledge. Previous attendance at a first aid seminar or workshop, which was more common among medical vs non-medical students, was found to significantly increase first aid knowledge. The study concluded that first aid knowledge among undergraduate students in Karachi needs improvement, especially among non-medical students, and recommended incorporating first aid training into university curricula.
This document summarizes a study on delayed eruption of anterior maxillary incisor teeth among primary school students in Sana'a, Yemen. The study examined 212 students aged 8-10 years old across two schools. It found that 14.6% of students had delayed tooth eruption. Males had a higher rate of delay at 16.4% compared to 9.5% for females. The most common age for delay was 9 years old, affecting 18% of students. Over half of delays were attributed to both dental and medical causes. The study recommends that parents monitor eruption times closely and address malnutrition as a major cause of delays.
Perception of Dental Visits among Jazan University Students, Saudi Arabiainventionjournals
Background:regular dental check-ups is fundamental in preventing and detecting dental diseases.Majority of Saudi patients do not have the trend to visit dentist frequently and they go only for emergency treatment and mostly pain is the driving factor. Aim: to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs and attitude of Jazan university students towards dental visits. Materials and Methodology:This descriptive cross-sectional; questionnaire based survey was carried out to evaluate the perception of Jazan university Saudi students towards dental visits. 352 students participated, age range of 20-24 years old. Results: The study revealed pain is the driving factor for most of the dental visits. 47.9%, their 1 stvisits complain was pain, 58% the driving factor for last visit is also pain. Although 29.1% occasionally visit dentist; 43% of them their last visit to dentist was 6 month ago. 47.6% were irregular visitors to dentist because they are afraid from dental needle and pain. 75% of the participants described their feeling at1st visit to dentist to be anxious and afraid. Although 88% of the participants knew that regular dental check-ups is important but this knowledge was not practiced.Only4.3% of the participants are driven to dental visit by dentist advice. Conclusion: there are lack of knowledge, wrong beliefs and negligence of dental visits in our study participants. Dental professional and mass media are not playing their role to change the knowledge and beliefs of the population.Recommendation: dental professionals’ media should be utilized spread knowledge of proper dental care.
School Children Dental Health, Dental Fear and Anxiety in relation to their P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Impact of school-based dental program performance on the oral health-related ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study was done in order to assess the association between the performance of school-based dental programs (SBDPs) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in
school children, in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, taking into account untreated caries and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was administered with 1906 children aged 12 and participating in SBDPs. Four SBDPs were chosen to represent good and poor performance in urban and rural areas. Caries was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, whereas the children were interviewed for the OHRQoL and sociodemographic data. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Condition-Specific Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (CS Child-OIDP) index related to dental caries. The results revealed that the mean CS Child-OIDP score was 1.63 (SD 3.20) for good performance SBDP and 6.89 (SD 8.85) for poor performance SBDP. Analysis by negative binomial regression showed that being served by a poorly performing SBDP (RR = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.87–5.13), and to some extent living in a rural area and being a girl, were significantly associated with a greater risk of having a lower quality of life than were the counterparts. Untreated caries did not show an association with OHRQoL. In conclusion, there are substantial indications that SBDP performance is related to children’s OHRQoL.
This study evaluated parental acceptance of 8 behavior management techniques (BMTs) used in pediatric dental practice among 200 Thai parents. The techniques included tell-show-do, voice control, passive restraint, active restraint, parental presence/absence, oral sedation, nitrous oxide/oxygen, and general anesthesia. Parents rated the techniques on a 100mm visual analog scale after watching video demonstrations. Tell-show-do received the highest rating while parental presence/absence received the lowest. Parental dental anxiety was associated with lower acceptance of parental presence/absence. Children's previous experience with certain techniques increased parental acceptance of those techniques. The study provides insights into Thai parental perspectives on commonly used BMTs to help dent
1) The study surveyed 187 dentists in Pelotas, Brazil to assess their attitudes and perceptions regarding child abuse and their ability to identify suspected cases.
2) While most dentists believed they could detect child abuse, only 14.3% reported ever suspecting a case and the majority of those who did suspect did not report it to authorities.
3) Dentists working at a university were more likely to have suspected child abuse compared to those in private practice, possibly because they see more patients and receive more training on the issue.
This study examined the prevalence of dental caries in rural school children ages 7-12 in the district of Sirsa, India. A total of 890 children were examined using WHO criteria. Results showed a high caries prevalence of 73.1% overall, with boys at 66.9% and girls higher at 79.9%. The high prevalence reflects poor oral hygiene and lack of awareness about oral health. Caries increased with age from 10-12 likely due to increased exposure to poor oral hygiene conditions over time. The study concludes immediate steps are needed to decrease caries in both primary and permanent teeth.
Similar to A Survey on Hong Kong Secondary School Students’ Knowledge of Emergency Management of Dental Trauma (20)
楊幽幽 牙科醫生 Dr. Cecilia Young Yau Yau
健康的牙齒可以說是一個人健康的象徵。要有健康的牙齒必須從幼年做起,兒童護齒已成為日常生活所不可忽視的學問。
如何使小子孩養成良好的口腔衛生習慣,為人父母應如何給孩子以適當的指導,本書從孕婦到嬰兒以至兒童各個時期的護齒常識為你作了深入淺出的解答。作者楊幽幽不但是一個資深的牙醫,而且有豐富的教學經驗,本書通過生動的對話的方式,使讀者對兒童護齒各方面的常識更容易明瞭,更容易接受。
作者 :楊幽幽 ISBN 9789629733933
作者簡介:楊幽幽,中學及大學時期活躍於學生會及教會活動,偶以筆名寫作,去年以筆名張永民寫作「 牙齒的保健與美容」,此書「兒童護齒每事問」為同系列作品。旨為加強家長協助子女自小建立良好口腔衞生習慣和意識。
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
2. PLOSONE| www.plosone.org 2 January 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue1 | e84406
There were 663 secondary schools with a total of 454,244
students in Hong Kong in 2011. Children aged around 6 years
enter primary schools from Primary 1 to Primary 6 (US Grade 1–
6). Then, they attend secondary schools from Form 1 at around
age 12 to Form 7 (US Grade 7–12 plus 1 year). We chose the
secondary school students from Form 1 to Form 7 because they
should be able to comprehend written questionnaires.
Objectives
1. To investigate Hong Kong secondary school students’
knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma.
2. To investigate whether the secondary school students consider
themselves capable of distinguishing between permanent and
deciduous teeth.
Methods
Ethical approval
The Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong
and Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster approved this
research project (UW11- 186, HKCTR-1344), which complied
with the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH GCP guidelines. The
protocol for this study is available as supporting information; see
attached Protocol S1.
Subjects
The target group of this study was secondary school students
from Form 1 to Form 7 (US Grade 7–12 plus 1 year) in Hong
Kong who read Chinese orEnglish.
Sample size calculation
For the calculation of sample size for the estimation of the
proportion of students having score higher than a certain threshold
level, we used a 95% confidence level with 10% precision. As the
population variance was unknown, we adopted P = 50% to allow
for the greatest variance. Assuming an infinite population size, we
needed a sample size of 97. To account for the cluster sampling
design, we multiplied a design effect of 1+(m21) r, with m being
the cluster size and r being the intracluster correlation (ICC). We
set the cluster size to be 40 and assumed an ICC of 0.1. No
published data on ICC under this setting could be found.
However, in general practice studies, ICC takes values commonly
between 0.01 and 0.05 [18], so 0.1 is a conservative estimate. We
needed a sample size of 476, or a total of 12 schools. To account
for possible blank or incomplete returned questionnaires, we
aimed at recruiting an extra 20%, which resulted in 15 schools or
600 students.
Questionnaire design
Chinese and English questionnaires were constructed. The
questionnaire consisted of 2 sections with a total of 14 questions.
The first section included basic demographic information, whether
the respondents had received formal first-aid training and
acquired dental trauma information and whether they considered
themselves capable of distinguishing between permanent or
deciduous teeth. The second part consisted of 6 questions
concerning the knowledge of dental traumatic injuries. The same
set of questions on dental knowledge was used in the survey for
primary and secondary school teachers in Hong Kong from the
same series of studies[19].
The questionnaire is provided as supporting information. For
Q9 to Q13, 1 mark would be given for a correct answer, no mark
would be given for ‘‘do not know’’ and 1 mark would be deducted
for an incorrect answer. If multiple answers were chosen, 1 mark
would be deducted for that question if an incorrect answer was
chosen. There were three correct answers for Q14 as the media for
storing avulsed teeth. As avulsion is the most serious dental
trauma, it is necessary to manage the emergency correctly right at
the scene in order to save the avulsed teeth. The more storing
media a person is aware of, the more likely he/she would be able
to find one in time for keeping the vitality of the periodontal cells
on the root surface of an avulsed tooth, thus improving the
prognosis. Therefore, 1 mark would be given for a correct answer
but 1 mark would be deducted for an incorrect answer. Multiple
answers were allowed.
Validity and reliability of questionnaire
The questionnaire was pilot tested with 59 students. Face
validity was established by expert opinion; length and whether
secondary school students could comprehend it were pre-tested
before adoption.
In the reliability test, a group of 39 students from a local
secondary school was recruited, and each was asked to complete
the questionnaire. After two weeks, the group was asked to
complete the same questionnaire again. All students returned the
second questionnaire.
To assess the test-retest reliability, paired t-tests were conducted.
For each question, the null hypothesis was that there was no
significant difference between the scores of the first and second
questionnaires. The level of significance was 5%. The Pearson’s
product moment correlation coefficient was also calculated for
each question. A correlation coefficient closer to 1 indicates a
higher reliability, as it represents a higher correlation between the
scores of the first and second questionnaires. The results are
presented in Table 1.
All differences of the scores were not significantly different from
zero at 5% significance as all the 95% confidence intervals
included 0. However, the confidence interval for the total score did
not include zero. The correlations were generally high, at levels
around 0.9.
Recruitment andimplementation
We sent invitations to schools in batches starting on May 13,
2011 until the desired sample size was reached. Each batch
consisted of 15 schools (5 for Forms 1–3, 5 for Forms 4 – 5 and 5
for Forms 6 – 7), which were randomly selected from the list of
secondary schools obtained from the Educational Bureau using
simple random sampling. An invitation pack sent to each selected
school included the invitation letter, a school consent form, 50
individual guardian’s consent forms, and 50 questionnaires.
After four batches of mailings, adding up to 60 schools, were
sent, 14 schools returned the school consent forms, individual
guardian’s consent forms and the filled questionnaires. Invitation
packs were sent to another 2 schools. On Oct 10, 2011, one more
school returned the filled materials.
We requested each school to invite one or more classes with at
least 40 students. We asked them to photocopy the guardian’s
consent forms and questionnaires if necessary. A teacher in charge
from each school was responsible for obtaining consent forms and
the distribution, supervision and collection of questionnaires. The
teacher in charge made clear that the whole procedure was a
survey instead of an examination and that there should be no
discussion on the questionnaire.
The participating students could withdraw from the study at any
time. This was mentioned in the invitation letter and in both
consent forms.
Students’ Knowledge on Dental Trauma
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Statistical analysis
For each question concerning knowledge of dental trauma, the
number and proportion of respondents who chose the correct
answer(s) are reported.
To investigate the effects of the demographic and education
backgrounds on the knowledge, a multiple linear regression on the
total score was conducted, with independent variables (fixed
effects) gender, age, form, receipt of first-aid training, dental injury
content in first-aid training, confidence in distinguishing the type
of teeth and acquisition of dental injury information from other
sources. The school effect was considered as a random effect,
which acted addictively to the total score. The school-specific
random effect was normally distributed with zero mean and
unknown variance.
The two variables, receipt of first-aid training and the dental
injury content in first-aid training, were jointly represented by two
dummy variables, X5 and X6. The definitions were: X5 = 1 if the
respondent received first-aid training without dental injury
Table 1. Test-Retest Results.
Original Retest Within person differences (Retest – Test) Correlation
Mean SD* Mean SD Mean (95% CI)
Q9 20.38 0.85 20.31 0.86 0.08 (20.04,0.19) 0.91
Q10 0.23 0.90 0.28 0.89 0.05 (20.05,0.16) 0.94
Q11 20.05 0.86 20.05 0.86 0 (0,0) 1
Q12 20.44 0.75 20.41 0.75 0.03 (20.03,0.08) 0.98
Q13 0.31 0.80 0.44 0.85 0.13 (20.004,0.26) 0.88
Q14 20.08 0.98 20.03 0.99 0.05 (20.02,0.12) 0.97
Total 20.41 2.12 20.08 2.08 0.33 (0.07, 0.59) 0.93
*SD= Standard Deviation.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084406.t001
Table 2. Part 1 Demographics and characteristics of respondents.
No. of respondents (n = 571) Proportion of respondent (%)
Gender
Male 228 39.9
Female 343 60.1
Age
10 or below 1 0.2
11 –13 132 23.1
14 –16 308 53.9
17 –19 121 21.2
20 or above 9 1.6
Form
Form 1 – 3 249 43.6
Form 4 – 5 255 44.7
Form 6 – 7 67 11.7
Received First-aid Training
Yes 51 8.9
No 520 91.1
Learnt Dental Injury Management in First-aid Training
Yes 17 3.0
No 554 97.0
Confident in Distinguishing Type of Teeth
Yes 135 23.6
No 436 76.4
Read or heard dental injury information besides from First-aid Training
Yes 170 29.8
No 401 70.2
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084406.t002
Students’ Knowledge on Dental Trauma
4. Table 3. Options chosen in knowledge section.
Students’ Knowledge on Dental Trauma
Proportion (%)*
Q9 Place for Treatment
Go to the casualty in the nearest hospital on foot or by any transport 25.4
Callan ambulance; go to the casualty in the nearest hospital 15.6
Go to the nearest private doctor 5.3
Go to the patient’s familydoctor 2.5
Go to a dentist 44.7
Treat it by self 4.2
Others 0.4
Don’t Know 14.7
Q10 Time for Treatment
At lunch or after school 1.8
After plenty of rest 2.8
Within 24 hours 7.7
Within 48 hours 1.8
When the parent or guardian is free to bring the patient for examination and treatment 2.5
Any time when the patient feels relax and want to have treatment 2.5
Within 4 hours 14
Immediately 57.1
Others 0.5
Don’t Know 14.2
Q11 Immediate Management of Fractured Teeth
The fractured part is useless, ignore it 2.3
Try to find the fractured time, wrap it with gauze or tissue and bring it for examination and treatment 44.5
Put it in liquid medium and bring it for examination and treatment [20,21] 24.7
Others 1.2
Don’t Know 27.5
Q12 Immediate Management of Displaced Teeth
Do not touch, let it remains its new position 47.5
Try to put back to the original position [22] 4.7
Ask the patient to carefully clench one’s teeth if possible [23] 19.6
Others 3.0
Don’t Know 25.9
Q13i Should knocked-out baby teeth be put back to original position
Yes 4.2
No [24–26] 62.5
Don’t Know 33.3
Q13ii Should knocked-out permanent teeth be put back to original position
Yes [21,24,25] 23.6
No 34.0
Don’t Know 42.4
Q14 Medium for storing knocked-out teeth
The tooth is useless, do not spend time to find it or to work on it 5.1
Gauze or tissue 33.1
Cold milk [21,24,25] 18.7
Physiological saline[21,24,25] 24.2
Patient’s saliva[21,24,25] 6.7
Tap water 5.4
Distilled water 17.5
A container or plastic bag in dry condition 6.1
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content, and X5 = 0 if the respondent had not received first-aid
training. X6 = 1 if the respondent had received first-aid training
with dental injury content, and X6 = 0 if the respondent had not
received first-aid training.
The thresholds of all the statistical tests were set at 5% level of
significance. The statistical analyses were performed using a
computer programme (JMP version 9.0.2., SAS Institute Inc.,
USA).
Results
We collected 601 questionnaires between May 24 and Oct 10,
2011. After removing those with missing entries in the first section
of demographics and background information, 571 questionnaires
were left for statistical analysis. They were from 15 schools, with
each school having an average of 38 students. The summary
statistics of the respondents’ background information collected are
tabulated in Table 2. 60.1% of the respondents were female and
53.9% of them were within the age range 14 – 16. 43.6% were
from Form 1 – 3, 44.7% were from Form 4 – 5 and a small
percentage of 11.7% were from F.6 – 7. 8.9% had received first-
aid training, and only 3.0% (of the whole sample) had learnt about
management of dental injury in the training program. 23.6% of
the respondents considered themselves able to distinguish decid-
uous from permanent teeth. Finally, 29.8% of the respondents had
acquired information about dental injury management from other
sources besides from first-aid training program.
The percentages of responses to each question are tabulated in
Table 3. The correct answer(s) for each question is (are)
highlighted. Most of the questions were answered incorrectly,
which is also reflected in Table 4. 36.6% of the respondents were
able to identify the appropriate place for treatment of dental
injury. 55.2% of the respondents answered correctly the suitable
time for treatment. Only 24.7% of the respondents knew how to
correctly manage fractured teeth. Only 23.6% of the respondents
knew how to manage displaced teeth. 62.5% of the respondents
correctly answered that knocked-out deciduous teeth should not be
replanted to the original position, but only a comparatively much
smaller proportion of them (23.6%) knew that avulsed permanent
teeth should be replanted. Moreover, 37.1% of the respondents
correctly specified at least one of the appropriate media for storing
a knocked-out tooth.
The total scores are shown in Table 5. The mean of thetotal
score was negative, with value 20.17. The median was 0. It
showed that secondary school students’ knowledge of dental injury
treatment was insufficient.
The regression results in Table 6 indicate that demographic
background including gender, age, and form did not have
significant effects on the knowledge of dental injury treatment.
X5 was significant, i.e., first-aid training without dental injury
treatment education would significantly increase the total score (p-
value = 0.0344). On the contrary, X6 was not significant, which
implied that students with first-aid training along with dental
injury management did not significantly respond to the questions
better than the rest. Confidence in distinguishing the type of teeth
was not significant. On the other hand, acquisition of dental injury
information from other sources was a significant factor that led to
higher scores (p-value = 0.0407).
Table 4. Scorefor each question in the knowledge section.
Correct Incorrect Do not know
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Q9 Place for treatment 209 (36.6) 276 (48.3) 86 (15.1)
Q10 Time for treatment 315 (55.2) 177 (31.0) 79 (13.8)
Q11 Management of fractured teeth 141 (24.7) 270 (47.3) 160 (28.0)
Q12 Management of displaced teeth 135 (23.6) 286 (50.1) 150 (26.3)
Q13i Management of avulsed baby teeth 357 (62.5) 24 (4.2) 190 (33.3)
Q13ii Management of avulsed permanent teeth 135 (23.6) 194 (34.0) 242 (42.4)
Q14 Medium for storage of avulsed teeth 212 (37.1) 188 (32.9) 171 (29.9)
For Q9–12, 13i &13ii, if more than one option, including an incorrect one, were chosen, the answer is considered asincorrect. For
Q14, 1 or more options could be chosen. If any incorrect option is chosen, the question is considered asincorrect.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084406.t004
Table 3. Cont.
Proportion (%)*
Disinfectan
t
solution 10.3
Others 1.1
Don’t Know 31.7
For Q9–12, 13i &13ii, respondents should choose 1 answer but some respondents chose more than 1. For
Q14, multiple options could be chosen.
*the sum of the proportions for aquestion may be larger than 1 asrespondents might have chosen more than one answer. The numbers in bracket indicate the
references.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084406.t003
Students’ Knowledge on Dental Trauma
6. Discussion
This survey recruited randomly selected secondary schools from
the list provided by the Educational Bureau. This should be the
most accurate and complete list of all secondary schools in Hong
Kong available. The School Dental Care Service has been
providing basic and preventive dental care to almost all primary
school children in Hong Kong since 1980 [27]. All local primary
students are eligible to join the School Dental Care Service. Most
of them join the School Dental Care Service with guardians’
consent. Students cease to be eligible for the School Dental Care
Service once they have entered secondary schools.
Since 1994, on signing up for the School Dental Care Service,
primary school students would receive a dental handbook, which
contains a page on immediate management of avulsion.
The results showed that the knowledge of emergency manage-
ment of dental trauma of secondary school students in Hong Kong
was less favourable than we would like it to be (Table 3, 4, 5). Such
results were similar to those of other studies, in which the
participants were children and youngsters [15–17]. Educational
campaign on emergency management of dental trauma can be
launched to increase the awareness and level of knowledge of the
topic.
A voluntary self-completed, individually responded to question-
naire survey was conducted in the same period of the present study
through the Hong Kong Professional Teachers’ Union. It showed
that primary and secondary school teachers in Hong Kong lacked
knowledge of management of traumatic dental injuries. Educa-
tional campaign for them was recommended [19].
In general, avulsed permanent teeth should be replanted
[21,24,25,28] or should be placed in milk, physiological saline or
saliva if immediate replantation is not possible [21,24,25,28].
Deciduous teeth should not be replanted [24–26,28]. In order to
carry out the most appropriate emergency management, it is
important that the persons at the scene of dental injury are able to
distinguish between deciduous and permanent teeth. Given that
76.4% (436/571) respondents stated that they could not distin-
guish between permanent and deciduous teeth (Table 2), future
education materials should include the instruction that an avulsed
permanent tooth should be replanted if one feels confident to do
so. Otherwise, simply immense the avulsed tooth in milk,
physiological saline or saliva if one is not sure about the tooth type
or is not confident with the procedure. This makes students be
more confident in managing traumatic dental injuries for patients
with deciduous, mixed or permanent dentition.
In the regression results shown in Table 6, the demographic
background including gender, age, form, and confidence in
distinguishing the type of teeth did not have significant effects on
the knowledge of dental injury management. X5 was significant,
suggesting that first-aid training that did not include dental injury
management would significantly increase the total score. Also,
prior acquisition of dental injury information from other sources
was a significant factor that positive response from these questions
would lead to higher scores. X6 was not significant, representing
that first-aid training with dental injury treatment education did
not significantly affect the total score. However, there were only 17
students who had received first-aid training with dental injury
content in the sample, which constituted only a very small
proportion. It is likely that this variable did not reach statistical
significance because of the small number of suchstudents.
Only 29.8% (170/594) of the students acquired dental injury
information from other sources (Table 2). Therefore, it is
beneficial to launch educational campaigns in secondary schools
to improve students’ knowledge of dentaltrauma.
Only 36.6% (209/571) of the respondents stated that it was
correct to go to dentists directly (Table 4) while most respondents
thought that doctors and nurses in casualty or in private sector
could help the patients (Table 3). Therefore, health educators and
doctors should inform students that patients should go to the
dentists immediately when they sustain dental injuries. It is also
recommended that the two local medical schools and the two
Table 6. Relationship between total score and the independentvariables.
Estimate Standard Error p-value
Intercept 20.9175 0.6355 0.1552
Gender (0 = Male, 1 = Female) 0.4448 0.2429 0.0677
Age** 20.2413 0.2709 0.3743
Form 0.5280 0.2939 0.0755
First-aid training and dental injury content
X5* (0 = No first-aid training, 1 = First-aid training without dental injury content) 0.9727 0.4586 0.0344
X6 (0 = No first-aid training, 1 = First-aid training with dental injury content) 20.2393 0.8119 0.7683
Ability to distinguish the type of teeth (0 = No, 1 = Yes) 0.4226 0.2732 0.1224
Receipt of dental injury management information from other sources
besides first-aid training* (0 = No, 1 = Yes)
0.5237 0.2553 0.0407
*the independent variable is significantly different from zero at 5% significance
**It is coded according to the categorization on the questionnaire, i.e. 1 for 10 or below, 2 for 11 – 13 etc.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084406.t006
Table 5. Summary statistics of the total score of the
respondents.
Minimum 29
Maximum 8
Mean 20.17
Median 0
Standard Deviation 2.75
From Question 9 – 13, 1 mark is awarded if only the correct answer was chosen,
0 for don’t know and 21 if any wrong answer was chosen (range: 26 to 6).
For question 14, 1 for each correct answer, 0 for don’t know, 21 for each
wrong answer (range: 27 to 3).
Rangeof total score of the whole questionnaire: 213 to 9.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084406.t005
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Students’ Knowledge on Dental Trauma
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universities should include basic management of dental trauma in
their undergraduate curricula and continuing professional devel-
opment programmes of medical and nursing courses.
In the sample, 15.6% of the students thought that it was correct
to call an ambulance (Table 3). This message should be conveyed
to the Fire Services Department and they should also be advised to
train the first aiders in emergency management of dental trauma.
Conclusion
Hong Kong secondary school students’ knowledge of emergen-
cy management of dental trauma is insufficient. First-aid training
and acquisition of dental injury information from other sources
positively correlate with the level of knowledge. Educational
campaign on dental trauma management is recommended for
secondary schools. We suggest that emergency management of
dental trauma should be added to first-aid publications and taught
to students and health professionals.
Follow up action
We prepared a dental trauma emergency management educa-
tional poster [29] with one side in Chinese and the other side in
English (see Chinese and English educational posters S1 and S2).
We have sent 22 copies of this poster to each secondary school in
Hong Kong. The poster emphasizes that an injured person should
go to a dentist directly. We advised the schools to display the
posters on the notice boards of classrooms and at medical rooms.
We have sent the posters to the fire service department, all
casualties and universities that provide medical and nursing
courses in Hong Kong. We have also sent letters to institutions
requesting the course coordinators to include emergency man-
agement of dental trauma in the undergraduate and the
continuing professional development programmes of healthcare
professionals.
Supporting Information
Protocol S1
(PDF)
Chinese Educational Poster S1.
(PDF)
English Educational Poster S2.
(PDF)
Acknowledgments
We thank all the schools and the students who returned the questionnaire.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CY KYW LKC. Performed the
experiments: CY. Analyzed the data: CY KYW. Contributed reagents/
materials/analysis tools: CY KYW. Wrote the paper: CY KYW LKC.
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Students’ Knowledge on Dental Trauma