The study assessed the oral hygiene practices, occurrence of dental caries and gingivitis among 195 school-age children in rural India. Key findings included:
- 58.46% of children had dental caries and 38.79% experienced tooth pain.
- Most mothers (94.36%) had not received education on dental hygiene.
- Majority of children (97.95%) were taught brushing by their mothers but only 38.97% were supervised.
- Significant associations were found between material used between teeth/brushing technique and dental caries.
- The study concluded greater health education for parents and encouragement of good oral hygiene practices in children was needed to prevent dental car
Knowledge, Aptitude, Behaviour and Practices among school children in India NitishKapoorRb
In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
Impact of school-based dental program performance on the oral health-related ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study was done in order to assess the association between the performance of school-based dental programs (SBDPs) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in
school children, in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, taking into account untreated caries and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was administered with 1906 children aged 12 and participating in SBDPs. Four SBDPs were chosen to represent good and poor performance in urban and rural areas. Caries was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, whereas the children were interviewed for the OHRQoL and sociodemographic data. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Condition-Specific Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (CS Child-OIDP) index related to dental caries. The results revealed that the mean CS Child-OIDP score was 1.63 (SD 3.20) for good performance SBDP and 6.89 (SD 8.85) for poor performance SBDP. Analysis by negative binomial regression showed that being served by a poorly performing SBDP (RR = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.87–5.13), and to some extent living in a rural area and being a girl, were significantly associated with a greater risk of having a lower quality of life than were the counterparts. Untreated caries did not show an association with OHRQoL. In conclusion, there are substantial indications that SBDP performance is related to children’s OHRQoL.
Knowledge, Aptitude, Behaviour and Practices among school children in India NitishKapoorRb
In the Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practices (KABP) study on hygiene among children in schools, school heads, teachers and students were interviewed in six states across majority public schools and few private schools.
This paper is based on the findings from the baseline study.
There was a state wise variation in socio-demographic profile of children and their families across the six states i.e. Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. In Rajasthan, 45% of the schools visited were private schools; the differences in practices were apparent.
Parents in Maharashtra were reported to be most educated. Higher education level among parents of Maharashtra seems to translate into better perception among children about portable drinking water. Television was widely available in homes and its use was widespread across all the states. Mobile phone use
was also trickling down to the younger population, but the access to internet was sparse and limited. At the same time it was found that presence of television at home has little to do with the knowledge and practice of hygiene.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: Dental trauma in children is a significant oral health issue worldwide. School teachers are immediate seniors for
children in school, and they are considered as the primary care takers for them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to assess the
knowledge and attitude of school teachers with regard to emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and to evaluate the
association between school environmental factors with teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards management of dental trauma.
Material And Methods: A total of 160 teachers from the government schools were included in the study. Data were collected using
a five part questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge, attitude, self-assessment, and possible strategies to change the
scenario. Data obtained from 160 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi
square test. Results: It was found that only 46.9% of the participant had adequate knowledge scores, and 60.6% of participant had a
positive attitude towards emergency management of dental trauma in school. The knowledge and attitude categories of school
teachers when compared with the length of service and those who witnessed traumatic dental injury in school using Pearson’ chi
square test statistically significant association (p <0.05) was observed with attitude scores only, while knowledge scores were not
significant. Conclusion: This study reveals a serious lack of knowledge and awareness among school teachers regarding emergency
management of dental injuries. We suggest educational programs should be developed for the school teachers to improve their
knowledge so that proper dental first-aid procedures can be achieved
KEYWORDS: Attitude, Emergency Treatment, First Aid, Knowledge, Schools
Impact of school-based dental program performance on the oral health-related ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study was done in order to assess the association between the performance of school-based dental programs (SBDPs) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in
school children, in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, taking into account untreated caries and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was administered with 1906 children aged 12 and participating in SBDPs. Four SBDPs were chosen to represent good and poor performance in urban and rural areas. Caries was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, whereas the children were interviewed for the OHRQoL and sociodemographic data. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Condition-Specific Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (CS Child-OIDP) index related to dental caries. The results revealed that the mean CS Child-OIDP score was 1.63 (SD 3.20) for good performance SBDP and 6.89 (SD 8.85) for poor performance SBDP. Analysis by negative binomial regression showed that being served by a poorly performing SBDP (RR = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.87–5.13), and to some extent living in a rural area and being a girl, were significantly associated with a greater risk of having a lower quality of life than were the counterparts. Untreated caries did not show an association with OHRQoL. In conclusion, there are substantial indications that SBDP performance is related to children’s OHRQoL.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
Impact of School Based Health Education on Knowledge and Practice Regarding O...ijtsrd
Background The oral cavity is the gateway to the body. Oral health education always begins with awareness of oral health Aim This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of school based health education on knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene among the primary school children in rural areas of Tumkur, Karnataka, India and to find out various factors associated with it. Materials and methods An Evaluative research approach with Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design and Non probability purposive sampling technique were used to select 100 primary school children from rural community Karnataka, India. A self structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist was used for assessing the knowledge and practice among the subjects. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results There was a significant difference between the pre and post intervention level of knowledge t = 41.7, p= 0.0001 and practice t = 33.9, p= 0.0001 regarding oral hygiene among the primary school children. There was an association between primary school children’s knowledge score with their demographic variables like age x2 = 10.3, p=0.03 and mothers educational status x2 = 11, p=0.01 .There was an association between primary school children’s practice score with their demographic variables like age x2 = 10.1, p=0.04 , socioeconomic status x2 = 8.9, p=0.01 and mothers educational status x2 = 16.7, p=0.001 . Conclusion School based health education was effective to enhance the knowledge and practice of oral hygiene among the primary school in rural communities. Mamta Kunwar | Bince Varghese "Impact of School-Based Health Education on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Hygiene among the Primary School Children in A Rural Community of Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31837.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/31837/impact-of-schoolbased-health-education-on-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-oral-hygiene-among-the-primary-school-children-in-a-rural-community-of-karnataka-india/mamta-kunwar
Association of Dental Diseases with Oral Hygiene in School Children of Rural Rajasthan, India-Oral diseases are health problem of industrialize well as developing countries because of its high prevalence. In developing countries these diseases are given less impotance because of scarcity of resources but when these dental diseases remain untreated it can cause permanent toothache and disability. It can increase school attendance and intern lead to complication and expensive treatment. A community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association of dental diseases with oral hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated for oral hygiene. Association of oral hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with oral hygiene. Mouth rinsing frequency and teeth cleaning frequency is inversely proportion in Dental Carries but is directly proportional in Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis
Abstract— Dental diseases are health problem of developing countries mainly because of the fact that in developing countries these diseases are given less importance. People also not much bothered about children's personal hygiene and dental diseases until it leads to toothache and disability. And at this time it may lead to complication and expensive treatment. So a community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association between dental diseases and personal hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated and observed for personal hygiene. Association of personal hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with personal hygiene. Dental carries increases as the personal hygiene worsen and likewise same was observed with Malocclusion but Dental Fluorosis was observed in inverse direction mean as the personal hygiene improves the chances to have Dental Fluorosis increases. Periodontal it was found significantly more when personal hygiene of child is either poor or good, when it is fair chances of having Periodontal diseases were significantly less.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Awareness of Orthodontic Treatment in School Children of Karnataka State – A ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Aims: To assess the awareness of Orthodontic treatment among school children in Karnataka. Settings and Design: School settings and Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in all the 30 districts of Karnataka. School children in the age group of 10-16 years were the target population. Population proportionate technique was employed for the sample size estimation. A total sample of 9505 was randomly selected from 102 schools all over Karnataka. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis used: One way Anova, Scheffe’s post hoc-test. Results: Our study showed an average awareness of orthodontic treatment in Karnataka school children. Conclusions: The awareness was influenced by the literacy rate as districts with higher literacy showed higher awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment and districts with lower literacy rate showed lesser awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment.
School Children Dental Health, Dental Fear and Anxiety in relation to their P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
Impact of School Based Health Education on Knowledge and Practice Regarding O...ijtsrd
Background The oral cavity is the gateway to the body. Oral health education always begins with awareness of oral health Aim This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of school based health education on knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene among the primary school children in rural areas of Tumkur, Karnataka, India and to find out various factors associated with it. Materials and methods An Evaluative research approach with Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design and Non probability purposive sampling technique were used to select 100 primary school children from rural community Karnataka, India. A self structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist was used for assessing the knowledge and practice among the subjects. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results There was a significant difference between the pre and post intervention level of knowledge t = 41.7, p= 0.0001 and practice t = 33.9, p= 0.0001 regarding oral hygiene among the primary school children. There was an association between primary school children’s knowledge score with their demographic variables like age x2 = 10.3, p=0.03 and mothers educational status x2 = 11, p=0.01 .There was an association between primary school children’s practice score with their demographic variables like age x2 = 10.1, p=0.04 , socioeconomic status x2 = 8.9, p=0.01 and mothers educational status x2 = 16.7, p=0.001 . Conclusion School based health education was effective to enhance the knowledge and practice of oral hygiene among the primary school in rural communities. Mamta Kunwar | Bince Varghese "Impact of School-Based Health Education on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Hygiene among the Primary School Children in A Rural Community of Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31837.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/31837/impact-of-schoolbased-health-education-on-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-oral-hygiene-among-the-primary-school-children-in-a-rural-community-of-karnataka-india/mamta-kunwar
Association of Dental Diseases with Oral Hygiene in School Children of Rural Rajasthan, India-Oral diseases are health problem of industrialize well as developing countries because of its high prevalence. In developing countries these diseases are given less impotance because of scarcity of resources but when these dental diseases remain untreated it can cause permanent toothache and disability. It can increase school attendance and intern lead to complication and expensive treatment. A community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association of dental diseases with oral hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated for oral hygiene. Association of oral hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with oral hygiene. Mouth rinsing frequency and teeth cleaning frequency is inversely proportion in Dental Carries but is directly proportional in Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis
Abstract— Dental diseases are health problem of developing countries mainly because of the fact that in developing countries these diseases are given less importance. People also not much bothered about children's personal hygiene and dental diseases until it leads to toothache and disability. And at this time it may lead to complication and expensive treatment. So a community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association between dental diseases and personal hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated and observed for personal hygiene. Association of personal hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with personal hygiene. Dental carries increases as the personal hygiene worsen and likewise same was observed with Malocclusion but Dental Fluorosis was observed in inverse direction mean as the personal hygiene improves the chances to have Dental Fluorosis increases. Periodontal it was found significantly more when personal hygiene of child is either poor or good, when it is fair chances of having Periodontal diseases were significantly less.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Awareness of Orthodontic Treatment in School Children of Karnataka State – A ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Aims: To assess the awareness of Orthodontic treatment among school children in Karnataka. Settings and Design: School settings and Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in all the 30 districts of Karnataka. School children in the age group of 10-16 years were the target population. Population proportionate technique was employed for the sample size estimation. A total sample of 9505 was randomly selected from 102 schools all over Karnataka. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis used: One way Anova, Scheffe’s post hoc-test. Results: Our study showed an average awareness of orthodontic treatment in Karnataka school children. Conclusions: The awareness was influenced by the literacy rate as districts with higher literacy showed higher awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment and districts with lower literacy rate showed lesser awareness of children towards orthodontic treatment.
School Children Dental Health, Dental Fear and Anxiety in relation to their P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
Prevalence,riskfactors and treatment needs of traumatic dental injuries to an...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Aims and Objectives: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of the permanent anterior teeth among the
school children are quite prevalent but often the neglected problem. The objective of the present
study was to assess the prevalence of the TDIs of the permanent anterior teeth among 6-15 years
schoolchildren attending government and private schools of Bhopal city.
130 The Journal of Dental Hygiene Vol. 88 • No. 2 • April 2014.docxmoggdede
130 The Journal of Dental Hygiene Vol. 88 • No. 2 • April 2014
Introduction
Early-severe childhood caries re-
mains a significant public dental
health issue in the U.S. and interna-
tionally.1 The most common chronic
disease in children, dental caries is
5-times more prevalent than asthma
and 7-times more prevalent than
hay fever.2 Approximately 19% of
U.S. children aged 2 to 4 have ex-
perienced visually detectable den-
tal decay. Data from the National
Health Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) reveal that the number of
children aged 2 to 5 with dental car-
ies increased from 24 to 28% from
1999 to 2004.3 Nineteen percent of
U.S. children aged 2 to 4 have visu-
ally detectable dental caries.4 Over-
all, children of poverty experience
more extensive dental disease and
have less access to dental care.5,6 For
example, 25% of children living in
poverty have not seen a dentist be-
fore the age of 5, experience twice
the dental caries as their more afflu-
ent peers and are more likely to have
untreated oral disease.4-6
In 2005, the Virginia Department of Medical As-
sistance Services introduced the Smiles For Children
(SFC) program, providing coverage for diagnostic,
preventive and restorative/surgical procedures, as
well as orthodontic services for Medicaid, Family Ac-
cess to Medical Services Plan (FAMIS) and FAMIS
Plus children.7 The program also provides coverage
for limited medically necessary oral surgery services
for adults age 21 and older. Reasons cited by par-
ents for not involving their children in preventive
dental programs or establishing an ongoing dental
provider or dental home include the inability to take
time off from work, living a transient lifestyle and
being unable to find a dentist who participates in
the SFC program.7-11 Dentists are reluctant to par-
Oral Health Promotion: Knowledge, Confidence,
and Practices in Preventing Early-Severe Childhood
Caries of Virginia WIC Program Personnel
Lorraine Ann Fuller, RDH, MS; Sharon C. Stull, CDA, BSDH, MS; Michele L Darby, BSDH, MS;
Susan Lynn Tolle, BSDH MS
Abstract
Purpose: This study assessed the oral health knowledge, confi-
dence and practices of Virginia personnel in the Special Supple-
mental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).
Methods: In 2009, 257 WIC personnel were electronically emailed
via an investigator-designed 22-item Survey Monkey® question-
naire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fishers Exact tests
compared personnel demographics and oral health knowledge,
confidence and practices at the p≤0.01 and 0.05 significance level.
Results: Response rate was 68%. WIC personnel were knowl-
edgeable about basic oral health concepts. More than half of those
reporting were not confident assessing for visual signs of dental
decay and do not routinely assess for visual signs of decay. Only
4% of personnel apply fluoride therapy.
Conclusion: Findings support the need for health promotion/dis-
ease pre ...
The most common cause of bleeding from gums is inflammation of the gums, otherwise called as gingivitis which leads to periodontitis if left untreated.
Read More:https://www.icliniq.com/qa/bleeding-gums/what-is-the-cause-and-solution-for-bleeding-gums
Partners in the fight against global tooth decay and committed to working together to achieve the common goal that every child should stay cavity free during their lifetime.. https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Public-Health-Dentistry-4172190
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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awareness program for children and also an oral/dental
screening program for early identification and preventionof
dental problems(7).
WHO also recommended Oral health promotion through
schools for improving knowledge, attitude, and behavior
related to oral health which can prevent and control dental
diseases among school children.(8) Dental cavities can be
prevented by maintaining a constant low level of fluoride in
the oral cavity. (9)
“Bagramian RA, Garcia Godoy F” current review of the
available epidemiological data from many countries in that
they found increase in the prevalence of dental cariesamong
children which become signal a pending public healthcrisis,
they also highlight of different opinion remedyiswellknown
like school oral health educational programs, proper tooth
brushing ,a proper diet and regular dental office visits. They
also highlight that if these remedy was not initiated then
there could be a serious negative impact upon thefutureoral
health of the global community.(10)
A very extensive and comprehensive National Oral Health
Survey was conducted in 2004 has shown prevalence of
dental caries as 50 % in 5 year-old children in India.(11)
Dental caries is still a smoldering disease in the developing
countries like India (12). Risk factors for dental caries are low
family income, poor oral hygiene, enamel defects, low level
of parental education and unhealthy diets (13).
Regarding oral health sporadic data of different states,
particularly the rural areas of India in that researcher was
highlight that 31.5 to 89% people was affected by dental
caries in different parts of the country (14).
Dental caries is a common chronic and preventable disease
of childhood which can interferes with normal nutrition
intake, speech, self-esteem and daily routine activities of
children .So that it is very important to provide knowledge
and motivation towards healthy dental practice among
school going children.
Materials and Methods
A quantitative (Non-experimental) research approach with
descriptive cross sectional designwasadopted to determine
the oral hygiene practices, occurrence of dental caries and
gingivitis among school age children. A total 195 children
were selected randomly by convenient non probability
sampling technique. In inclusion criteria researcher include
all mothers who have children age group 6 to 10 years and
present during data collection. The tools used for the study
were Socio demographic, observation check list, cafeteria
type questions and self reported practice check list. Validity
of tools wasdone by seven expert’s and reliability of the tool
was tested by Inter-rater/ Inter-observer and Crobach’s
Alpha method (r= 0.96). Pilot study was done on 10 % of
participants. Research data was analysis by descriptive and
inferential statistics(frequency, percentage, fisherexactand
chi-square) .Ethical Committee permission was obtained
from the concerned institutionalauthorities.Writtenconsent
was obtained from study participants.
Results
Table No-1 Demographic characteristics of children and Parents by frequency and percentage.
n=195
S. No. Demographic characteristics Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
1.
Age of child in year
a)5-6
b) 7-8
c) 9-10
48
98
49
24.6
50.3
25.1
2.
Gender
a) Male
b) Female
107
88
54.87
45.13
3.
Number of siblings in family
a)1
b) 2
c) ≥3
13
151
31
6.67
77.44
15.9
4.
Type of family
a)Nuclear
b)Joint
146
49
74.87
25.13
5.
Religion
a)Hindu
b) Muslim
141
54
72.31
27.69
6.
Dietary Patterns
a)Vegetarian
b) Non- Vegetarian
68
127
34.87
65.13
7.
Mothers Educational Status
a)No-Formal education
b)Primary
c)Secondary
d) Graduate and Above
48
82
46
19
24.62
42.05
23.59
9.74
8.
Father Educational Status
a)No-Formal education
b) Primary
c)Secondary
d) Graduate and Above
28
91
55
21
14.36
46.67
28.21
10.77
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9.
Mother’s occupation
a) House Wife
b) Employed
c) Self-employed
d) Labour
123
6
53
13
63.08
3.08
27.18
6.67
10.
Father’s occupation
a) Labour
b)Self-employee
c) Employed
45
124
26
23.08
63.59
23.33
11.
Family Monthly income in rupees
a) 5000-15,000
b) 15,001-25,000
c) 25,001-35,000
d) Above 35,001
138
35
15
7
70.8
17.9
7.7
3.6
Data presented in table 1 show that 50.3 % of the children were between7 -8 years of age. More than fifty percent (54.87%) of
children were male. Maximum families (77.44%) had two children. Nearby fifty percentages of the parents both, mother
(42.5%) and father (46.67%) were primary educated. Maximum (70.8%) family had less 15000/ month income.63.59 %
father’s were self employee.
Table 2 - Other variables of children by frequency and percentage
n=195
S. No. Other variables Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
1
Teething age of child
a) 6-10 months
b) 11-18 months
108
87
55.4
44.6
2
Total teeth present in child
a) 20-25 teeth
b) 26-32 teeth
116
79
59.5
40.5
3
Is your child going to school?
a) Yes
b) No
180
15
92.3
7.7
3a) if yes in which class is he/ she studying?
a) 1-4
b) 5-8
N=180
142
38
72.9
18.9
4
In which age does your child start brushing teeth?
a) 12-24 months
b) 25-36 months
60
135
30.8
69.23
5
Previous teaching related to dental hygiene
a) Yes
b) No
11
184
5.64
94.36
6
Supervised while brushing
a) Yes
b) No
76
119
38.97
61.03
7
Check oral status every month
a) Yes
b) No
43
152
22.05
77.95
8
Have you taught your child how to clean teeth?
a) Yes
b) No
191
4
97.95
2.05
Table No.2 highlight that teething age of child was 6-10months in fifty percentage children. Majority (92.3%) ofchildrenwere
going to school where as maximumfamily members (94.36%) did not have previous knowledgeregardingdentalhygiene.Only
38.97 % mothers were supervising their children while brushing. Very few mothers (22.05%)were checking theoralstatusof
their children every month but majority of the mothers (97.95%) have taught their children how to clean teeth daily.
Section –B
Table No-3 Frequency and percentage distribution of oral health assessment.
n=195
S. No. oral health assessment Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
1
Lips
Pink color 195 100
Cracked
a. Yes
b. No
68
127
34.9
65.1
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Moist
a. Yes
b. No
127
68
65.1
34-9
2.
Teeth (Tooth decay)
a. Yes
b. No
114
81
58.46
41.59
Color
a. Yellow
b. White
8
186
4.12
95.88
Alignment
a. Yes
b. No
175
19
90.21
9.79
Sensitivity
a. Yes
b. No
62
133
31.79
68.21
Filling
a. Yes
b. No
58
136
29.90
70.10
Missing
a. Yes
b. No
77
118
39.49
60.51
Pain
a. Yes
b. No
76
119
38.79
61.03
3.
Tongue
a. Color pink
b. Not coated
195
195
100
100
4.
Gum
Pink color 195 100
Bleeding
a. Yes
b. No
72
123
36.92
63.08
Swelling
a. Yes
b. No
15
180
7.69
92.31
Pus/infection
a. Yes
b. No
10
185
5.13
94.87
5.
Mucus membrane
a. Color pink
b. Pale
192
3
97.9
2.1
Ulcers
a. Yes
b. No
10
185
5.1
94.9
Dry
a. Yes
b. No
12
183
6.2
93.8
Odour
a. Yes
b. No
17
178
8.7
90.9
6.
Palate (Sticking food particles)
a. Yes
b. No
13
183
6.7
93.3
On base of assessment and observation researcher find out that all children had pink color lips. Less than two-thirds (65.1%)
children had moist lips, nearly 34.1% children were having cracked lips. Around (58.46%) children suffering from dental
caries. 68.21% children were having sensitivity in teeth. 38.79% children having teeth pain and 36.08% children having
bleeding in their gums.
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Table number 5: Percentage distribution of material used for oral hygiene
n=195
S. No. Material used Percentage (%)
1.
Cleaning teeth
a)Tooth brush
b)Finger
c) Datoon
89.2
7.7
3.1
2.
Type of paste/powder
a) Paste
b) Powder
c) Salt or oil
86.1
3.6
10.3
3.
Time taken for brushing
a) less than 3 mint
b) 3 mint
c) More than 3 mint
94
4
2
4.
Type of brush used for cleaning teeth
a) Soft brush
b) Medium soft
c) Hard brush
89.2
7.4
.5
5.
Material used to remove food debris between the teeth
a) Tooth pick
b) Match stick
c) Neem Stick
d) Brush
25.4
40.8
30.8
3
6.
Technique used for brushing
a) Horizontal
b) Vertical
c) Circular
76.9
1.5
21.5
Table number 5 highlight that maximum mothers of children (89.2%) were using tooth brush and 86.1% children were using
toothpaste for cleaning their teeth. Maximum (94 %) children were taken time less than 3 mint for brushing of teeth. Most of
(76.9 %) children were doing brushing in horizontalway. Nearby 40.8%children were usingmatchsticktoremovefooddebris
between teeth.
Table Number 6:- Frequency and percentage distribution of oral clean practices
n=195
S.N. Oral Clean Practices Frequency Percentage
1
Does your child brush his/her teeth?
a. Regular
b. Twice a day
193
2
98.97
1.03
2
Does your child clean the tongue?
a. Cleaning
b. Not cleaning
126
69
64.62
35.38
3
Does your child swallow paste?
a. Swallow
b. Not swallow
24
171
12.31
57.69
4 Does your child clean the chewing area? 195 100.0
Table number 6 highlight that majority (98.97%) of children were brushing their teeth regularly but only 1% children brush
their teeth twice a day. Merely one-third (35.38%) of children do not clean their tongue while brushing their teeth. Very less
(12.3%) children were swallow’s the pastewhile brushingtheir teeth. All of child clean the chewingarea of mouth duringoral
care.
Table No-7 Association between oral hygiene practice and occurrence of dental caries among children
n= 195
Oral Hygiene Practice
Dental Caries
Total Yates correction P value <0.05
YES NO
1)Material used
a)Brush 97 (55.74%) 77 (44 %) 174
4.652 .085
b)Finger 5 (83%) 1 (16%) 6
c)Datoon 12 (80%) 3 (20%) 15
2) Type of paste and powder
a) Paste 95(56%) 73(43%) 168
1.714
.469b) Powder 14(70%) 6(30%) 20
c) Salt and oil 5(71%) 2(28%) 7
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3) Time taken for brushing
a) < 3 mint 110(60%) 73(40%) 183
3.985
.116b) 3 mint 2(25%) 6(75%) 8
c) > 3 mint 2(50%) 2(50%) 4
4) Type of brush
a) Soft Brush 98(56%) 76(44%) 174
1.8
0.171b) Medium Brush 13(72%) 5(28%) 18
c) Hard Brush 3(100%) 00 3
5) Material use to remove food debris
a) Tooth pick 113(59%) 78(41%) 191
18.117 .001
b) Brush 1(50%) 1(50%) 2
c) Cloth 0 2(100%) 2
6) Brushing technique
a) Horizental 82(55%) 68(45%) 150
10.201
0.003
b) Vertical 00 3(100%) 3
c) Circular motion 32(76%) 10(24%) 42
7) Tongue clean
a) Clean 77(71%) 32(29%) 109 15.00 0.0001
b) Not clean 37(43%) 49 (57%) 86
Table Number 7 show that there was no significent asociation between dental caries and material used for dental hygine,
toothpaste, time taken for brushing, type of brush used for cleaning teeth. There was highly significant association between
dental caries and material used to remove food debris, brushing technique and tongue clean.
Table Number: 8 Association between demography variables and occurrence of dental caries among children
n= 195
Demography variables
Dental Caries
Total Chi square
P value
< 0.05Yes No
1.Child’s age (years)
a) 6-7 50(51%) 48(49%) 98 4.49 0.034
b) 8-10 64 (66%) 33 (34%) 97
2) Gender
a) Male 58(54%) 49(46%) 107 1.768 0.1836
b) Female 56(64%) 32(36%) 88
3) Number of children
a) One Child 11(35%) 20(65%) 31 8.014 0.0046
b) Two or more child 103(63%) 61(37%) 164
4) Mother’s education
a) Non formal 26(54%) 22(46%) 48
12.309 0.006b) Primary 59(72%) 23(28%) 82
c) Secondary 22(48%) 24(52%) 46
d) Graduate and above 7(37%) 12(63%) 19
5) Monthly income(Rs)
a) 5000-15,000 93(67%) 45(33%) 138 15.502 0.0001
b) 15001 & Above 21(37%) 36(63%) 57
Table number 8 highlight that was association between dental caries and selected demographic variables like number of
children in family, mother education &monthly income that indicateif motherwere more educated and childarelessinfamily
then dental caries problem can be reduce. Families who have less income there was more incidence of dental caries among
children.
Discussion
In this study it was found nearby 58.46% children had been
suffering from dental caries this finding was supported by
Sudha P. etc in their study researcher high prevalence
(82.5%) of dental caries among school going children(15). In
present study it was found that dental caries were more
prevalence (52%) among boys than girls, This finding was
also supported by Kalita C etc in which they showed that
boys (45.85%) showed higher prevalence of dental caries
compare to girls (40.92%)(16).
In my study it was found that 7.69 % children were having
gingivitis, supported by another study Kola srikanth etc
where they showed more prevalence of gingivitis among
children(17). Researcher highlighted that very less (25.4%)
children were using tooth pick and most of (40.8%)children
matchstick for remove food debris .(need Supportive study)
In the present study shows more prevalence of dental caries
(P=0001)among low socio- economic statusfamiliesbecause
family members not have proper hygiene, awareness
regarding dental problems & they have improper intake of
food items .Researcher find out that association between
mother education and incidence of dental caries (P=0.006),
this finding was supported by Sharma S. et in which they
coraborated the idea that preventing dental caries improve
mother education status (18) .
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STRENGTH
Selection of statistical test by the researcher was based on
the distribution of the research data. Researcher highlight
the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and less
importance of oral hygiene among school children.
LIMITATION
There are several limitations in the study which was
accepted by researcher such as descriptive cross sectional
design, study only done in school age children only very less
number of participant and no intervention regarding oral
care for Family members who not have more knowledge
regarding dental problems among children.
CONCLUSION
High prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis were seen
among school going children. Researcher highlight that low
socio-economic status associated with dental caries. Poor
oral hygiene practice increase incidence of dental caries
among children so that there was a need of health
educations for mothers and children. Regular screening
programs and informative sessions on oral hygiene should
be conducted in schools and community area for early
diagnosis and prompt treatment for infected children.
SUGGESTION
From this study researcher suggest that there should be
provision of oral health education for parents in the
community areas with proper instructions on oral hygiene
practices which will help in reducing incidence of dental
caries and gingivitis and improve oral health among
children.
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