This document summarizes a study on part-time worker students at the postgraduate level in Nepal. It finds that most students work part-time jobs to gain experience and for financial support of their studies. However, both types of students reported that part-time jobs disrupted their studies by not allowing enough time for class participation, assignments, and exam preparation. While some students felt they could manage both, most agreed their studies were negatively impacted by part-time work and they could achieve better grades without a job. The document analyzes students' reasons for working, job satisfaction levels, and the perceived effects of part-time work on their educational performance.
Just some research regarding Part Time Work For University Students, (based from other researcher) from my class Writing and Reading from semester 3 of 2013, have a nice day
A Study On Career Maturity Of Secondary School Students In Relation To School...Andrea Porter
The document discusses a study on the career maturity of secondary school students in relation to school management (private vs. government). It begins by defining career maturity and noting the importance of school environment. The study aimed to compare the career maturity and components (attitude, competence) of 120 secondary students from private and government schools in West Bengal, India. Results found that private school students had significantly higher career maturity and attitudes, but no difference in competence. This suggests that while private school environments may better develop students' readiness to make career choices, both private and government schools similarly impact students' perceived ability to choose realistic careers.
1) The document discusses issues related to teacher quality and student learning in India. It notes that 44% of Indian 5th grade students cannot read at a 2nd grade level or do basic math.
2) Teacher education in India is of low quality, and traditional teaching methods are obsolete. The large increase in student enrollments has led to a shortage of qualified teachers. Many states have hired contract or para teachers as a replacement.
3) Studies show that students taught by para teachers can perform as well or better than those taught by regular teachers, as para teachers spend more time on task. However, para teachers have lower qualifications and pay. High rates of teacher and student absenteeism also negatively impact learning.
A Study on the Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Purasaiwakkam A...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The education is the primary backbone for the
development of any nation in the world. It is a powerful tool
which is basis for everything in the society. For provide
education to all, the schools and its teacher’s plays important
role in building the nation. In view of this context, the satisfied
teachers in the school can give better education to students
rather than dissatisfied teachers. By viewing this as the
research focus, this article focuses on the study on the
importance of teachers' job satisfaction, It is required to
understand the overall teachers' work attitude and work
behavior. The paper reviews several factors to ascertain the
factors influencing job satisfaction of teacher. The study uses
both primary and secondary data. The secondary data were
collected various journals and websites. The Primary data
were collected by making use of structured questionnaires.
The 30 primary school teachers from Helan Sathya Primary
School, CSI Primary School and Government Primary School
were chosen by convenience sampling method for the study.
The questionnaire containing 25 questions with six attributes
each. The questionnaire begins with five questions about socio
demographic status following with 20 questions with four
dimensions namely Career, Colleagues, School and Livelihood.
Simple percentage analysis is used to analysis the data. The
study finding concludes physical Working Condition, Student
interaction, Students IQ, Student Curiosity, Eagerness to learn
are some of the concerns of a teacher in teaching. Recognition
for Extra Work, clearly defined promotion policies and Salary
held a teacher work according to the
philosophy/vision/mission/strategy of the management,
Teachers works are at times are Challenging & Interesting but
on the whole when the management takes of the teachers
better, the children are taken care of better. It is suggested
that a study can be done among higher secondary school
teachers and college teachers.
1) The study examined the career maturity of 120 secondary school students in private and government schools in Birbhum District, West Bengal.
2) Results showed that private school students had significantly higher overall career maturity and career attitude scores than government school students. However, there was no significant difference in career competence between the two groups.
3) It was concluded that private school environment better promotes career maturity by encouraging practical activities and introducing more practical curriculum compared to government schools, thereby helping to develop students' career attitudes.
Young people in some countries have little leisure time and feel pressure to work hard in their studies due to several key factors. Parents pressure their children to study extra hours and attend private classes in order to get into a good university and have a successful career. Countries also put pressure on students to improve their skills and education levels to boost the economy. Additionally, competition among students leads them to overwork themselves to avoid bullying from higher performing peers. To address this issue, students should learn time management, and countries should build more universities to reduce competition for spots.
Part time work for university student, it is a necessities or luxuriesMohd Farid Hasbi
Part time work is a necessity for many university students due to rising costs of living and education expenses. While some argue students should focus solely on studies, part time jobs provide needed income to pay for textbooks, tuition, and other costs that have increased significantly. Working also gives students real world experience that cannot be learned from textbooks alone. However, students must balance work and academics to avoid negative impacts on their grades. Overall, part time employment helps students financially and builds skills, but should not compromise their education.
Academic Performance Of University Students A Case In A Higher Learning Inst...Joshua Gorinson
This document summarizes a research paper that studied factors influencing the academic performance of university students. The research identified four main factors - teaching and learning process, infrastructure of the university, family and peers influence, and students' financial situation. A survey was conducted of students in their 4th and 5th semesters, and the data was analyzed using statistical methods. The results found that the teaching and learning process had the highest impact on students' academic performance and graduation on time. The research concluded that improvements could be made to teaching methods, student support, and assistance for financially disadvantaged students.
Just some research regarding Part Time Work For University Students, (based from other researcher) from my class Writing and Reading from semester 3 of 2013, have a nice day
A Study On Career Maturity Of Secondary School Students In Relation To School...Andrea Porter
The document discusses a study on the career maturity of secondary school students in relation to school management (private vs. government). It begins by defining career maturity and noting the importance of school environment. The study aimed to compare the career maturity and components (attitude, competence) of 120 secondary students from private and government schools in West Bengal, India. Results found that private school students had significantly higher career maturity and attitudes, but no difference in competence. This suggests that while private school environments may better develop students' readiness to make career choices, both private and government schools similarly impact students' perceived ability to choose realistic careers.
1) The document discusses issues related to teacher quality and student learning in India. It notes that 44% of Indian 5th grade students cannot read at a 2nd grade level or do basic math.
2) Teacher education in India is of low quality, and traditional teaching methods are obsolete. The large increase in student enrollments has led to a shortage of qualified teachers. Many states have hired contract or para teachers as a replacement.
3) Studies show that students taught by para teachers can perform as well or better than those taught by regular teachers, as para teachers spend more time on task. However, para teachers have lower qualifications and pay. High rates of teacher and student absenteeism also negatively impact learning.
A Study on the Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Purasaiwakkam A...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The education is the primary backbone for the
development of any nation in the world. It is a powerful tool
which is basis for everything in the society. For provide
education to all, the schools and its teacher’s plays important
role in building the nation. In view of this context, the satisfied
teachers in the school can give better education to students
rather than dissatisfied teachers. By viewing this as the
research focus, this article focuses on the study on the
importance of teachers' job satisfaction, It is required to
understand the overall teachers' work attitude and work
behavior. The paper reviews several factors to ascertain the
factors influencing job satisfaction of teacher. The study uses
both primary and secondary data. The secondary data were
collected various journals and websites. The Primary data
were collected by making use of structured questionnaires.
The 30 primary school teachers from Helan Sathya Primary
School, CSI Primary School and Government Primary School
were chosen by convenience sampling method for the study.
The questionnaire containing 25 questions with six attributes
each. The questionnaire begins with five questions about socio
demographic status following with 20 questions with four
dimensions namely Career, Colleagues, School and Livelihood.
Simple percentage analysis is used to analysis the data. The
study finding concludes physical Working Condition, Student
interaction, Students IQ, Student Curiosity, Eagerness to learn
are some of the concerns of a teacher in teaching. Recognition
for Extra Work, clearly defined promotion policies and Salary
held a teacher work according to the
philosophy/vision/mission/strategy of the management,
Teachers works are at times are Challenging & Interesting but
on the whole when the management takes of the teachers
better, the children are taken care of better. It is suggested
that a study can be done among higher secondary school
teachers and college teachers.
1) The study examined the career maturity of 120 secondary school students in private and government schools in Birbhum District, West Bengal.
2) Results showed that private school students had significantly higher overall career maturity and career attitude scores than government school students. However, there was no significant difference in career competence between the two groups.
3) It was concluded that private school environment better promotes career maturity by encouraging practical activities and introducing more practical curriculum compared to government schools, thereby helping to develop students' career attitudes.
Young people in some countries have little leisure time and feel pressure to work hard in their studies due to several key factors. Parents pressure their children to study extra hours and attend private classes in order to get into a good university and have a successful career. Countries also put pressure on students to improve their skills and education levels to boost the economy. Additionally, competition among students leads them to overwork themselves to avoid bullying from higher performing peers. To address this issue, students should learn time management, and countries should build more universities to reduce competition for spots.
Part time work for university student, it is a necessities or luxuriesMohd Farid Hasbi
Part time work is a necessity for many university students due to rising costs of living and education expenses. While some argue students should focus solely on studies, part time jobs provide needed income to pay for textbooks, tuition, and other costs that have increased significantly. Working also gives students real world experience that cannot be learned from textbooks alone. However, students must balance work and academics to avoid negative impacts on their grades. Overall, part time employment helps students financially and builds skills, but should not compromise their education.
Academic Performance Of University Students A Case In A Higher Learning Inst...Joshua Gorinson
This document summarizes a research paper that studied factors influencing the academic performance of university students. The research identified four main factors - teaching and learning process, infrastructure of the university, family and peers influence, and students' financial situation. A survey was conducted of students in their 4th and 5th semesters, and the data was analyzed using statistical methods. The results found that the teaching and learning process had the highest impact on students' academic performance and graduation on time. The research concluded that improvements could be made to teaching methods, student support, and assistance for financially disadvantaged students.
School effectiveness-and-improvement-contribution-of-teacher-qualification-to...oircjournals
School examination results the world over are arguably the most important measure of perceived success or failure of a candidate. It has been pointed out by the Nyanza Provincial Education Board that the province’s performance in examinations and the quality of education in general is unsatisfactory and inadequate.
The present study has been conducted to find out the
level of Job Satisfaction among the College Teachers of
Professional and Non- Professional Institution in Punjab and to
present their Comparative Position regarding the impact of Job
Satisfaction level on their Turnover Intentions.
Design/Methodology/Approach - To fulfill the objectives of the
study, 516 College Teachers (258 college teachers from
Professional Institutions and 258 College teachers from NonProfessional
Institution in Punjab) from representative 5 districts
(i.e., Amritsar, Bathinda, Jalandhar, Patiala, Ropar) out of 22
districts of Punjab were selected to constitute the sample.
Information from selected College Teachers was collected
through a questionnaire. The data was further analysed by using
statistical techniques.
Findings - The College Teachers of both Professional and NonProfessional
Institutions in Punjab were found to be approaching
high degree of satisfaction but College Teachers of NonProfessional
Institutions are having an edge over College
Teachers of Professional Institutions. Moreover, there exists a
significant negative correlation between Job Satisfaction and
Turnover intentions of College Teachers of both Professional and
Non-Professional Institutions of Punjab.
Originality/Value: The Paper recognizes the importance of
teaching fraternity in improving the educational level of the
society and furthering the overall interest of society.
The Impact of Employment Progression on Students Towards Higher Educationinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Efficacy of Investment and Motivation in Teachers’ Professional DevelopmentPremier Publishers
This research paper scrutinized the efficacy of investment and motivation for teachers’ professional development at ten randomly selected Secondary Schools of Dang, Nepal. He selected Dang as the field because the achievement level of students was low in the area. This article claimed that investment and self-motivation are key factors for professional development. The yardstick of an educator is to make students attain high grade. He tried to justify the significance of the investment and motivation for quality development, based on the information derived from the schools. He used document study, an interview guideline designed by the researcher, and observation to justify the claim that investment and intrinsic motivation improve students’ achievement levels. The poor quality of the learners is due to the lack of professional development for content delivery and pedagogical strategies. Table three in the discussion showed that out of ten schools, only one crossed 50 percentage mark in investment, which signaled the reluctance of the local government for the investment. The researcher attempted to answer the current practice and its direct impact on the result of the students. This report is a backup to increase the standard level of the schools with professional transformation.
School Based Factors Influencing Preschool Teachers Job Performance in Public...paperpublications3
Abstract: Majority of pre-school teachers are leaving their jobs for different professions in recent years. The problem of teacher migration is evident in both developed and developing countries. In Kenya, ECDE teaching profession has not been accorded the same status compared to primary, secondary and tertiary professions. This has led to many ECDE teachers seeking opportunities in other fields for better working environment, pay and even motivation. With this problem in mind, the study sought to establish whether pre-school management style and interpersonal relationships influenced teachers’ job performance in public ECDE centres in Kenya with focus on East Karachuonyo Division, Homa Bay County. All public ECDE centres in Kenya are under the county governments with teachers receiving their pay from the county coffers. The respondents for this study involved preschool teachers and head teachers. Data was collected through questionnaires and interview schedule. The analysis of data was conducted using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study established that management styles practices in pre-schools affected teachers job performance to a great extent. The study also found out for effective learning to take place, inter-personal relationships need to be developed between teachers, parents, school administrators and pupils. The study recommends that there is need to develop positive interpersonal relationships at the work place to enhance emotional stability and facilitate maintenance of life-work balance and there is a need to sensitize the Schools Board of Management on the rationale of working closely with the pre- schools teachers to enhance their job performance.
Competencies and professional development needs of kindergarten teachersSubmissionResearchpa
The study identified the level of competencies and the extent of professional development needs of kindergarten teachers in the Sultan Kudarat Division, during the school year 2019 - 2020. The study employed a descriptive method. The study involved 54 kindergarten teachers in the division in accomplishing the 12-item self-assessment instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that kindergarten teachers have a high level of competencies in content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment and diversity of learners, curriculum and planning, and assessment and reporting. These indicate that they possess almost all of the competencies of efficient teachers. Results further revealed a very high extent of professional needs in content knowledge and pedagogy and the learning environment and diversity of learners, while they had a high extent of professional needs in the remaining domains. Since they reported very high priorities in content knowledge and pedagogy and the learning environment and diversity of learners, these areas would be the main considerations in the crafting of a professional development plan. by Phoebe L. Gallego and Manuel E. Caingcoy 2020. Competencies and professional development needs of kindergarten teachers. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 69-81. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.491. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/491/476 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/491
This document summarizes a study on using the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model to improve student activity and learning outcomes. Common problems in Indonesian education include teaching methods that do not engage students. Most learning is teacher-centered while students passively listen. The study aims to address low student responsibility, participation, and cooperation through implementing STAD learning, where students work in groups to master materials and are assessed individually. The roles of teachers and students change in STAD compared to traditional learning. STAD is expected to make students more active, collaborative, and improve academic achievement.
Teacher Educators’ and Student Teachers’ Attitude towards Teacher Education P...IJSRP Journal
Attitudes vary at different times of one’s life and are usually determined by several factors such as work environment, job satisfaction and status of the profession. Both student-teachers’ and teacher-educators’ attitudes may affect the quality of teacher preparation program and finally quality of the teacher either positively or negatively. This paper is a focus on the attitude of teacher educators and student teachers towards teacher education programmes in universities. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study sample consisted of Bachelor of Education fourth year students drawn from three Public universities and three Private universities, Teacher Educators and Heads of Departments from the faculty of Education. Stratified random sampling was used to select the universities, student-teachers and Teacher Educators. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules, observation checklists and documents analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that a large percentage of the respondents portrayed a negative attitude of teacher education programmes. This may be to the fact that most student teachers and teacher educators enrolled in these programmes, do not have teaching as their professional interest thus join by circumstance. The study recommends the need to conduct screening of individuals before admission in teacher education programmes so as to ensure that only those who are interested and committed to teaching as a profession are enrolled. Keywords: Attitude, Teacher Education Programmes, Enrollment, Teacher Educators, Student Teachers, Public University, Private University
A Research Proposal of Quality of Work Life and Career Dimensions Using Mixe...Karla Long
This research proposal aims to investigate factors affecting the quality of work life and career dimensions of primary school teachers in Cambodia. The study will use a mixed methods approach, collecting quantitative data through questionnaires with 120 teachers and qualitative data through interviews with 15 teachers. The proposal provides background on issues facing Cambodian teachers like low salaries and high workloads. It establishes the research questions and significance of understanding teachers' perspectives to help improve policies. The literature review discusses motivation theories and concepts of quality of work life and careers to inform the study's variables. Limitations in generalizing findings and using both research methods are acknowledged.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between stress, workload, time management, and academic performance among 103 part-time postgraduate students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. The study found that stress, workload, and time management were all positively related to student academic performance. It recommends that universities provide training to help students effectively allocate their time for studying to improve academic results. Literature on the topics of academic performance, stress, workload, and time management in relation to students is also reviewed.
IN-SERVICE TEACHER’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: VARIATION BY GEN...IAEME Publication
The present study focus on determine the in-service teacher’s perception levels towards inclusive education and its dimensions and to compare the in-service teacher’s perception levels towards inclusive education with respect to gender, place of residence, educational qualification, and years of teaching experiences. Researcher adopted descriptive survey research design and convenience sampling method to collect data from thirty five (35) in-service teachers working in Kendra vidhyalaya Sangathan participated in the in-service teacher training programme conducted Kendra Vidhyalaya School, Tezpur handling English subject are the sample of the study. To collect the data “Teacher attitude scale towards inclusive education” developed and standardized by Dr. Sood V. & Dr. Anand Aarti was used. Mean, Standard Deviation and 't' test are used to analyze the data. The findings of the present study showed the majority (42.8%) of in-service teachers working in Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan have the most favorable perception towards inclusive education and its different aspects namely psychological /behavioral, social and parents related, curricular and cocurricular and administrative. In service teacher’s perception towards inclusive education is significantly different based on gender and varying length of their teaching experience and no significant difference exists based on place of residence and educational qualification.
This thesis examines the working conditions of public elementary school teachers in Zamboanga City, Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and how these conditions affected their work performance. A survey was conducted of 83 teachers across 6 schools to understand the extent of their working conditions in terms of professional development, communication, recognition, collaboration, and expectations. The survey also assessed teachers' work performance. The study found that teachers reported their working conditions as satisfactory and their work performance as very satisfactory. A moderate positive relationship was found between working conditions and work performance. Certain demographic variables like age and length of service were found to influence working conditions and performance. The results can inform policymaking and teacher professional development programs.
This document discusses a study examining factors that influence teacher job satisfaction and secondary school effectiveness in Nigeria. The study aimed to determine what factors of school facilities, teacher characteristics, and human relations influence teacher job satisfaction. A sample of 512 teachers was surveyed using a 15-item questionnaire to answer 3 research questions on factors of school facilities, teacher characteristics, and human relations that determine teacher job satisfaction. The findings indicated that inadequate classroom environment and school facilities produced negative teacher job satisfaction. It was recommended that school laboratories be better equipped to promote effective teaching.
This document discusses a study examining factors that determine teacher job satisfaction for secondary school effectiveness in Nigeria. It begins with background information on the important role of teachers and issues affecting the profession. The study aimed to identify factors of school facilities, teacher characteristics, and human relations that influence job satisfaction. Results found that well-ventilated classrooms positively impacted satisfaction, while inadequate facilities, resources, and professional development opportunities negatively impacted it. Satisfied teachers were found to be qualified, experienced, and engaged in continuous learning and professional meetings. Positive relationships with principals and involvement in school affairs also increased satisfaction. The discussion concluded that improving classroom environments, resources, and teacher-principal relationships could promote more effective schools through higher job satisfaction.
The challenges of indigenous schools as perceived by school administratorsNorwaliza Abdul Wahab
Abstract. This study discusses the challenges facing by Indigenous school administrators towards the schools and education of ‘Orang Asli’ (indigenous) students. This case study was carried out regarding to the problems related to the role played by school administrators that give implications for the quality of Orang Asli education. Two primary school administrators involved in the semi-structured interview to answer the focused questions on seven modified aspects of GPILSEO Model. The interview was audio-taped, transcribed and checked for content based on predetermined themes. The findings showed that school administrators have moderate targets in improving the achievements of Orang Asli students, encouraging fun method of teaching and learning, and stated the equipments needed by the school were sufficient but in a sorry state. The findings also showed they carried out assessments for teachers and students as scheduled and helped to distribute assistance from government in the forms of money and materials to the students. The final finding showed that the school administrators and their teacher were highly committed in managing the school of Orang Asli. This gives a major implication that the school administrators should play a role as an agent planning to increase the academic achievement of Orang Asli students in education.
Keywords: school administrators, indigenous students, Indigenous education, pedagogy, Orang Asli
This document discusses enhancing the image and benefits of teachers in India. It notes that teachers are not given due status or recognition as professionals and their jobs are less remunerative than their responsibilities. It explores reasons why men and women choose teaching as a career and key statistics. It discusses the status of teachers in national policy, different types of schools, political interference, stakeholders, evidence of issues teachers face, and a communication plan to improve the situation. In conclusion, it argues that enhancing pay scales and benefits is needed to attract and retain good quality teachers.
Effects of students attitude towards teaching professionArul Sekar J.M.
The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effects of gender and programs of study on attitudes of
postgraduate diploma in teaching (PGDT) students towards the teaching profession. The main aim of the study
was to find out whether there are any significant interaction effects of gender and programs of study of PGDT
students’ attitude towards the teaching profession. A descriptive survey was carried out among PGDT students
during the year 2016/2017 regular session with a population of 371 students. The survey was conducted between
science and non-science students in the department of teacher education at Mekelle University, Ethiopia. Using
a stratified random sampling method, 130 student-teachers were selected as samples for the study. A scale entitled
“attitude towards teaching profession” was developed and validated by the researchers based on established
procedures in the literature (Aliyu Musa and Ado Abdu Bichi, 2015). A scale contained 15 items to be scored on
the five-point Likert scale as Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Neutral(N), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree
(SD) was used. The data analysis of descriptive statistics through quantitative analysis by computing SPSS 16.0
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows 10 was employed. Statistical techniques which include
percentage analysis for levels, mean, standard deviation, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also
used for data analysis and interpretation. The findings of the two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there are no
significant interaction effects of gender and programs of study on attitude towards the teaching profession of
PGDT students. Correlation analysis of gender and programs of a study indicated that the student teachers’
attitude towards the teaching profession was positively related to gender and programs of study.
The Effect of Intrinsic Learning Motivation and School Learning Environment o...inventionjournals
This study aimed to analyze the effect of intrinsic learning motivation and school learning environment on economics learning outcome partially and simultaneously. Population and sample of this study was 87 X grade students of accounting at SMK Wijaya Putra Surabaya. Data gathering techniques used were questionnaires and documentations. Analysis method used was multiple linear regressions. The result of the study showed that intrinsic learning motivation and school learning environment partially affected learning outcomes significantly positive. Intrinsic learning motivation and school learning environment simultaneously affected learning outcomes significantly positive.
This document discusses the implementation of Islamic entrepreneurship concepts in Indonesia's double track high school program. It aims to reduce unemployment, especially among educated youth, through entrepreneurship education. The program teaches concepts like income distribution, sincerity in work, and prohibiting interest to connect business to spiritual goals. It found schools in Trenggalek Regency implemented concepts like sharing profits and interest-free loans. The program helps students gain skills and competencies to start businesses if they don't continue their education.
Entering College Essay. Top 10 Tips For College AdmissNat Rice
The document summarizes the discovery of a new species, Alborum Plumae, found in Mount Kosciuszko National Park in Australia. Dr. Ella Beard discovered small feathered creatures perfectly camouflaged as snow lumps on tree branches. Early analysis finds they spend most of their time stationary to avoid detection, using their wings only for escaping predators. While sharing traits with birds like down insulation and wing-aided flight, further research is needed to determine their exact taxonomic classification.
006 Essay Example First Paragraph In An ThatsnoNat Rice
The document summarizes racism depicted in two novels by John Updike: Rabbit Run and Rabbit Redux. It notes that both books show racism as an issue, with characters making racist comments about black people. Specific quotes are presented that demonstrate racist language used by characters towards black individuals. The racism portrayed is less extreme in Rabbit Redux compared to Rabbit Run. Overall, the document analyzes how Updike explores themes of racism through his famous character Harry Rabbit and the other characters in these two novels from his Rabbit series.
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School effectiveness-and-improvement-contribution-of-teacher-qualification-to...oircjournals
School examination results the world over are arguably the most important measure of perceived success or failure of a candidate. It has been pointed out by the Nyanza Provincial Education Board that the province’s performance in examinations and the quality of education in general is unsatisfactory and inadequate.
The present study has been conducted to find out the
level of Job Satisfaction among the College Teachers of
Professional and Non- Professional Institution in Punjab and to
present their Comparative Position regarding the impact of Job
Satisfaction level on their Turnover Intentions.
Design/Methodology/Approach - To fulfill the objectives of the
study, 516 College Teachers (258 college teachers from
Professional Institutions and 258 College teachers from NonProfessional
Institution in Punjab) from representative 5 districts
(i.e., Amritsar, Bathinda, Jalandhar, Patiala, Ropar) out of 22
districts of Punjab were selected to constitute the sample.
Information from selected College Teachers was collected
through a questionnaire. The data was further analysed by using
statistical techniques.
Findings - The College Teachers of both Professional and NonProfessional
Institutions in Punjab were found to be approaching
high degree of satisfaction but College Teachers of NonProfessional
Institutions are having an edge over College
Teachers of Professional Institutions. Moreover, there exists a
significant negative correlation between Job Satisfaction and
Turnover intentions of College Teachers of both Professional and
Non-Professional Institutions of Punjab.
Originality/Value: The Paper recognizes the importance of
teaching fraternity in improving the educational level of the
society and furthering the overall interest of society.
The Impact of Employment Progression on Students Towards Higher Educationinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Efficacy of Investment and Motivation in Teachers’ Professional DevelopmentPremier Publishers
This research paper scrutinized the efficacy of investment and motivation for teachers’ professional development at ten randomly selected Secondary Schools of Dang, Nepal. He selected Dang as the field because the achievement level of students was low in the area. This article claimed that investment and self-motivation are key factors for professional development. The yardstick of an educator is to make students attain high grade. He tried to justify the significance of the investment and motivation for quality development, based on the information derived from the schools. He used document study, an interview guideline designed by the researcher, and observation to justify the claim that investment and intrinsic motivation improve students’ achievement levels. The poor quality of the learners is due to the lack of professional development for content delivery and pedagogical strategies. Table three in the discussion showed that out of ten schools, only one crossed 50 percentage mark in investment, which signaled the reluctance of the local government for the investment. The researcher attempted to answer the current practice and its direct impact on the result of the students. This report is a backup to increase the standard level of the schools with professional transformation.
School Based Factors Influencing Preschool Teachers Job Performance in Public...paperpublications3
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Competencies and professional development needs of kindergarten teachersSubmissionResearchpa
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A Study Of Part-Time Worker Students At The Postgraduate Level
1. 16
Bouddhik Abhiyan Journal, No. 7, 2022
A Study of Part-Time Worker Students at the Postgraduate Level
Basudeb Khanal
Lecturer, Economics Education, Mahendra Ratna Campus, Tahachal, Kathmandu
Email: khanalbasudeb@gmail.com
DOI:
Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze a study of part-time worker students at the postgraduate level in
economics education in Kathmandu valley. The students who continue their postgraduate
studies and jobs are known as part-time working students. This paper is based on a qualitative
research design. Data were collected from in-depth personal interviews. For this purpose, four
students were purposively selected covering gender from the first and second semesters. This
paper has two-fold findings: most students engage in part-time work to gain thirst and survival
and develop future working experience in the second. However, both types of students reported
that part-time jobs support a lower survival level, which has disrupted their study. Furthermore,
both types of students involved in part-time work do not seem satisfied with their job and study.
Keywords: Economic education, part-time worker, job satisfaction, completing school,
time management
Introduction
A job done for less than the average amount of hours invested or less than the full
duration is a part-time job (Feldman, 1990). A part-time job is where a person works less than
40 hours per week (Booth & Van, 2008). However, the term has been defined variously by
different organizations and scholars. For example, a Singapore government website defines a
part-time employee as one under a contract of service to work less than 35 hours a week. Still,
it has not set a time for work (Higgins et al., 2000; O'Reilly & Fagan, 1998). The partly active
people in the workforce are known as part-time workers (Nardone, 1986). Vickers et al. (2003)
argued that students and retired persons work part-time for economic support. In this context,
students who continue their studies at the postgraduate level and jobs are part-time working
students.
The students in many underdeveloped countries are working as part-time workers and
studying simultaneously. It is mainly due to the availability of part-time work or growth in the
diversity of students combining to study and work (Barron, & Anastasiadou, 2007; Martin,
2007). Robinson (1999) and Lamb, Robinson, and Davies (2001) examined the consequences
of student participation in part-time work. Their findings explored that part-time employment
did not significantly affect the likelihood of completing school.
Part-time jobs have been considered a factor in students' academic performance
(Muluk, 2017). However, the rate of completion and dropout did not vary in part-time work,
or part-time jobs had no adverse effect on the study (Lamb et al., 2001)). Robotham (2012)
examined that students who work less than 20 hours have a lower failure rate than those who
work longer hours. He concludes that a small duration of employment may have negligible
2. 17
Bouddhik Abhiyan Journal, No. 7, 2022
effects on the educational outcomes of students at the tertiary level compared to a longer time.
Singh's (1998) finding showed that part-time work affected standardized test scores and grades.
For example, the greater the number of hours students worked, the greater the effects on
standardized achievement measures. Students' previous grades also affected their later working
behaviors. Students who had secured higher grades in elementary and middle school were less
likely to work longer hours when they reached 10th grade. Singh and Dika (2007) explored the
effects of part-time work on school achievement during high school. They estimated the actual
impact of part-time work on school grades was family background, students' educational
aspirations, and school engagement. Part-time jobs have been considered one of the factors
influencing students' academic achievement. However, in some cases, the time required to
finish their studies is longer than those who do not have part-time jobs (Singh, 1998; Singh &
Dika, 2007; Robotham, 2012).
Although many studies have been made on part-time workers abroad, nobody has
studied in Nepal. But, this issue is needed to study in economics education. Nepal is considered
a developing country where most students have faced a lifetime of hardship, including severe
economic poverty, limited employment opportunities, and socio-economic infrastructure. As a
result, students seem forced to continue their studies by doing part-time work in formal and
informal sectors. On the other hand, educational progress and advancement are essential to
their social and economic growth. So, they are seeking part-time work to support their
education. As a result, the number of part-time working students has increased in Kathmandu
Valley urban areas. It provides ample potential part-time job opportunities for students who
study in higher education. Both formal and informal sectors have made it easier for those
working part-time to continue their study.
The student involved in part-time work has a positive and negative effect on their
study. The social learning theory, Krumboltz (1990), suggests that an individual is guided by
their heredity, environment, learning experiences, socio-economic status for career
development, and choice of work. However, earlier studies have not explored the support and
hindrance of work on their research. In this context, this paper's focus is to analyze students'
perceptions of the level of satisfaction and the effect of part-time jobs on their study in
economics education at the postgraduate level.
Methods and Materials
This paper is based on a qualitative research design. For this purpose, four students
were purposively selected covering gender from the first and second semesters from two
constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University of Kathmandu valley. Among them, two
participants were from Kathmandu and two from outside Kathmandu.
Data were collected from personal interviews and group discussions to collect
respondents' views and perceptions about part-time work (Hancock & Algozzine, 2017). The
personal interview covers reasons for involving part-time jobs, job satisfaction, and the effect
of a part-time job on their educational career and professional development. Their narrations
were recorded, transcribed, analyzed, and interpreted per the study's objective.
3. 18
Bouddhik Abhiyan Journal, No. 7, 2022
An overview of Part-time works in Nepal
Thapa (Nd.) stated that there are many forms of part-time work and work levels in the
larger urban areas of Nepal. These works include content writing, data entry, freelancing as a
programmer, web designer, video editor, digital marketing, modeling, blogging, photography,
and tutoring. However, most of these works have been confined to metropolitan cities
like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Bharatpur, and Birgunj. Therefore, their number and
frequencies decrease in other urban areas.
Most students who come to study higher education in Nepal have a weak economic
environment. They have few employment opportunities, and it is harder to study and work. On
the other hand, the working environment does not develop. So students prefer a part-time job.
If anyone is looking for a first job, then part-time jobs can also be a good start. People also do
part-time jobs in Kathmandu because they are not earning well from their profession (Thapa,
Nd.).
Students' perception regarding the part-time job and their impact on quality education
are not identical. Some experienced the very adverse effect of their part-time job on their study
and concluded that better academic achievement is not possible without leaving a part-time job
during the study period. However, some students say that if properly time is managed, there
has a low impact on a part-time job in the study. It indicates that more or less part-time job has
affected students' academic achievement.
Reason for working as a part-time worker
The reason for selecting a part-time job is an issue of the study of economic education.
The student perceptions and views indicate that most students are involved in a part-time job
for several reasons. It is determined by their family background, economic status, and interest.
Movement of the female respondents reported that:
My family's economic status is not so strong. My parents cannot provide all the
expenses for my study in Kathmandu. So, I have been compelled to do work as a part-
time worker.
She has further stated that her father is a small farmer. He also works as a mason in the village.
Her mother is a housewife, and she usually works in agricultural activities. They have little
arable land, but she does not know the actual amount. However, she said, "we have only nau
Halko Melo of arable land (using nine pairs of the oxen-plow in a day) for farming."
It shows that the economic status of the family is poor. So she needed ancillary jobs to
support her self-financing for her study (Robinson, 1999). She does not want to burden her
parents with her study. So, she is involved in part-time work. Thus, she engaged as a part-time
worker along with her study.
One of the male participants worked in three institutions in a day. His economic status is
relatively well as compared to the female participant. They said that:
My father is a teacher in a public school. So my parents can manage financial resources
for my study. We have one hector of land in Surkhet. But I am involved in a part-time
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job in Kathmandu. I want to be self-sustain in my student life. I don't want to put any
financial burden on my parent. So I am doing this job. However, my father always
stated that involve in a full-time job hindered my study. So then I joined a part-time
job.
This type of involvement is correlated with the findings of Lamb, Robinson, and Davies
(2001) contend to self-sustain in the financing of the study.
Next, the male participant worked in a commercial bank in the post of junior assistant. He has
two houses in Bhaktapur. His father and mother are involved in being a businessman. Their
family economic conditions are looking well as compared to other participants. However, he
is working in the job market. He said that: said family's financial status is comparatively good.
So I do not need to do a job for my study. But I want to make my career in the banking sector.
So I have started to work in a commercial bank.
I chose this job to earn experience for career development. So, the present work will
be helpful to make my future bright in the banking sector.
A Newar community female participant has also worked in a commercial bank at Bhaktapur.
They have three ropani agricultural lands in the Bhaktapur district. Her father worked as a
government officer, and her mother was involved in tomato farming. However, she is
working in a bank. She stated that:
Working at the bank job has taken as a prestigious job for us. I want to make my career
in the banking sector. So, I had been involved in this job and my study. I am not doing
this job for an economic reason but to earn a better future.
These examples have been taken to analyze why students are involved in a part-time
job and their studies. The result reveals that those from the lower economic groups stated that
part-time jobs are a means of gaining a livelihood. Therefore, it can conclude that students with
weak financial backgrounds seem to be working for a living along with their studies, while
students with good economic backgrounds are gaining experience for future work.
Furthermore, Krumpoltz (1976) added that people select different occupations or work for their
career development based on their heredity, learning experience, and economic and social
status. Hence, students from the higher financial background can develop their careers through
part-time jobs.
Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction is an essential aspect of a part-time worker. It has many facets to
analyzing how people feel about the job they like or dislike. It is mainly due to job
satisfaction, and job dissatisfaction varies based on their economic condition and work
situations. However, all participants agreed that job satisfaction correlates to future careers
and quality of study in economics education. In this context, one participant stated:
The salary payment is lower than the existing labour laws and my expectation.
However, it is sufficient to maintain my expenditure in Kathmandu to continue my
study. If the office gives me a scooter, it will help me move forward with my studies
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and work. Despite these limitations, I am happy with this job. Now I can support my
family financially, even if only a little. My studies are also moving forward with work.
The next participant has not found satisfaction in this job. He reported that:
The office pays me a lot less than the workload. I am not satisfied with this job because
I see the future of this job so well. I am doing this job only to complete my master's
level study. When I finish my studies, I quit this job.
But another participant observed being fully satisfied with this job.
Now, I am working temporarily, but I have a handsome salary. After a year, my work
will be permanent. Then, I will get a provident fund. So I am satisfied.
A similar level of satisfaction has also found in the next respondent. Her manifestation is as
follows:
A job in the banking sector is very prestigious for me. I am a student of management.
It gives me pleasure to work in a bank. However, I am always afraid about my job
transfer to remote areas. Nevertheless, it is no doubt that I am happy with this job.
From the discussion with participants about job satisfaction in their working field, it is
inferred that there are variations in the satisfaction level of the part-time workers due to several
factors like salary, job transfer, workload, and the like. For example, one participant from a
lower economic status has observed being fully satisfied in a part-time job due to financial
support from their parents. Another participant involved in the commercial bank has also been
satisfied with their job. S/he has been involved in this job only to gain experience and study.
But one participant has not been happy with this job due to less salary than the workload.
Aziri (2011) stated that the work situation is a prime determinant of job satisfaction and
dissatisfaction. Hence, the student who has been compelled to work to manage their study's
financial resources become satisfied. Furthermore, the students involved in the job for future
career development are also satisfied (Lamb et al., 2001). These findings show that the students
involved in a part-time job for future career development have been satisfied compared to those
who cannot see a good job. It indicates that earning and future career development are the main
determinants of job satisfaction among economics education students.
Effect of a part-time job on the study
The effect on work is another aspect of part-time worker students. Therefore, it is
equally important to analyze the impact of this work on students' studies. Their views on the
subject are as follows.
Working with the study, not being able to take the whole class, and not having enough
time to study has affected our studies. To secure good marks, we can't manage time to
submit the assignment on time and pully participate in classroom activities, such as
presentation, discussion, and project work. So, sometimes they felt that if we dropped
out, we could study well.
However, she becomes hopeful that the job and study can continue simultaneously if
time manages. The most important thing is not doing the job but time management.
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Nonetheless, by doing a job, we cannot get an excellent grade like an A or A+ at the
postgraduate level, but a satisfactory degree can achieve. Singh (1998) also reported that the
more hours of part-time work, the greater the negative effects on student achievement. Hence,
she advised other friends that if you can manage your time for the job and study, doing the job
will likely hamper your study.
Some students have not felt the positive effect of a part-time job in their studies. They have
stated:
The involvement of part-time jobs has certainly affected our study. We have not
allocated time to study to prepare project works and assignments on time. We have no
time to read at the library, consult reference books, and be well prepared for the
examination. Therefore, there is no positive correlation between a part-time job and a
learning environment.
Thus, the analysis concludes that most students have not strongly agreed with
the positive correlation between a part-time job and a learning environment. They claimed that
if we dropped out of this job, we could achieve a good grades in our studies. Therefore, it can
conclude that part-time work hinders all students from securing excellent marks at the
postgraduate level. However, some students reserve a good grade when properly managing
their time. But, the level of agreement varies based on the nature of the job, working hours,
distance from the campus, workplace, and place of residence. Their consensus indicates a
negative relationship between employment and their study, as the findings of Singh (1998). He
shows that students' achievement and rendezvous with education are reduced by involvement
in part-time work compared to Stem's (1997) findings. He showed minimal negative impacts
on educational attainment through a part-time job.
Conclusion
The students have a diverse perception of engaging in part-time jobs in their studies. They
are involved in a part-time job for various reasons such as self-sustain and carrier development in
the job market in the future. The study also indicates that students' involvement in part-time work
differed in gender. Moreover, present earnings and future career development are the main
determinants of job satisfaction for students as part-time workers. Likewise, students' involvement
in part-time work has been reported that the part-time hinders their postgraduate study. This paper
concludes that students involved in a part-time job are difficult to manage time to secure better
grades.
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