International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Network SecurityEditor IJCATR
Cryptography plays a major role in securing data. It is used to ensure that the contents of a message are confidentially
transmitted and would not be altered. Network security is most vital component in information security as it refers to all hardware and
software function, characteristics, features, operational procedures, accountability, access control, and administrative and management
policy. Cryptography is central to IT security challenges, since it underpins privacy, confidentiality and identity, which together
provide the fundamentals for trusted e-commerce and secure communication. There is a broad range of cryptographic algorithms that
are used for securing networks and presently continuous researches on the new cryptographic algorithms are going on for evolving
more advanced techniques for secures communication.
Overview on Symmetric Key Encryption AlgorithmsIJERA Editor
In today’s digital communication era sharing of information is increasing significantly. The information being transmitted is vulnerable to various passive and active attacks. Therefore, the information security is one of the most challenging aspects of communication. Cryptography is the one of the main categories of computer security that converts information from its normal form into an unreadable form by using Encryption and Decryption Techniques. The two main characteristics that identify and differentiate one encryption algorithm from another are its ability to secure the protected data against attacks and its speed and efficiency in doing so. There are basically two techniques of cryptography Symmetric and Asymmetric. This paper presents a detailed study of the symmetric encryption techniques.
A comparative study of symmetric key algorithm des, aes and blowfish for vide...pankaj kumari
Cryptography means storing and transmitting data or information in a particular form that allow to be kept secret.
Symmetric key cryptography:- Both sender and receiver share the secret key.The symmetric key is kept private.both parties use the same key for encryption and decryption.
Asymmetric key cryptography:- Asymmetric key cryptography uses public or private key for encryption and decryption.Public key is kept by publically and private is kept secret.sender use the public key to send message and receiver use the private or secret key to decrypt the message.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Network SecurityEditor IJCATR
Cryptography plays a major role in securing data. It is used to ensure that the contents of a message are confidentially
transmitted and would not be altered. Network security is most vital component in information security as it refers to all hardware and
software function, characteristics, features, operational procedures, accountability, access control, and administrative and management
policy. Cryptography is central to IT security challenges, since it underpins privacy, confidentiality and identity, which together
provide the fundamentals for trusted e-commerce and secure communication. There is a broad range of cryptographic algorithms that
are used for securing networks and presently continuous researches on the new cryptographic algorithms are going on for evolving
more advanced techniques for secures communication.
Overview on Symmetric Key Encryption AlgorithmsIJERA Editor
In today’s digital communication era sharing of information is increasing significantly. The information being transmitted is vulnerable to various passive and active attacks. Therefore, the information security is one of the most challenging aspects of communication. Cryptography is the one of the main categories of computer security that converts information from its normal form into an unreadable form by using Encryption and Decryption Techniques. The two main characteristics that identify and differentiate one encryption algorithm from another are its ability to secure the protected data against attacks and its speed and efficiency in doing so. There are basically two techniques of cryptography Symmetric and Asymmetric. This paper presents a detailed study of the symmetric encryption techniques.
A comparative study of symmetric key algorithm des, aes and blowfish for vide...pankaj kumari
Cryptography means storing and transmitting data or information in a particular form that allow to be kept secret.
Symmetric key cryptography:- Both sender and receiver share the secret key.The symmetric key is kept private.both parties use the same key for encryption and decryption.
Asymmetric key cryptography:- Asymmetric key cryptography uses public or private key for encryption and decryption.Public key is kept by publically and private is kept secret.sender use the public key to send message and receiver use the private or secret key to decrypt the message.
Cryptography is a technique used today hiding any confidential information from the attack of an intruder. Today data communication mainly depends upon digital data communication, where prior requirement is data security, so that data should reach to the intended user. The protection of multimedia data, sensitive information like credit cards, banking transactions and social security numbers is becoming very important. The protection of these confidential data from unauthorized access can be done with many encryption techniques. So for providing data security many cryptography techniques are employed, such as symmetric and asymmetric techniques. In this review paper different asymmetric cryptography techniques, such as RSA (Rivest Shamir and Adleman), Diffie-Hellman, DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) are analyzed. Also in this paper, a survey on existing work which uses different techniques for image encryption is done and a general introduction about cryptography is also given. This study extends the performance parameters used in encryption processes and analyzing on their security issues.
Hybrid cryptographic technique using rsa algorithm and scheduling conceptsIJNSA Journal
The RSA algorithm is one of the most commonly used efficient cryptographic algorithms. It provides the required amount of confidentiality, data integrity and privacy. This paper integrates the RSA Algorithm with round -robin priority scheduling scheme in order to extend the level of security and reduce the effectiveness of intrusion. It aims at obtaining minimal overhead, increased throughput and privacy. In this method the user uses the RSA algorithm and generates the encrypted messages that are sorted priority-wise and then sent. The receiver, on receiving the messages decrypts them using the RSA algorithm according to their priority. This method reduces the risk of man -in-middle attacks and timing attacks as the encrypted and decrypted messages are further jumbled based on their priority. It also reduces the power monitoring
attack risk if a very small amount of information is exchanged. It raises the bar on the standards of
information security, ensuring more efficiency.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Encryption Data Measurement and Data Security of Hybrid AES and RSA Algorithmijtsrd
Transferring the secure data becomes vital for the important data of every days life. The system is a secure data transferring, combining the two techniques, Advance Encryption Standard AES and RSA. The data file is encrypted by using AES with the randomly generated key. This key is also encrypted by RSA using the receivers public key. The encrypted data file and encrypted key file are combined to form an output file to send to the receiver. The file at the receivers side is separated into two files, the encrypted data file and encrypted key file. The encrypted key file is decrypted by RSA method using the receivers private key. The AES key is acquired, the encrypted data file is then decrypted by AES method using the acquired AES key. The system includes file transferring process based on the Java socket technology. Khet Khet Khaing Oo | Yan Naung Soe "Encryption Data Measurement and Data Security of Hybrid AES and RSA Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29243.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/29243/encryption-data-measurement-and-data-security-of-hybrid-aes-and-rsa-algorithm/khet-khet-khaing-oo
A Review on Various Most Common Symmetric Encryptions Algorithmsijsrd.com
Security is the most challenging aspects in the internet and network application. Internet and networks applications are growing very fast, so the importance and the value of the exchanged data over the internet or other media types are increasing. Information security has been very important issue in data communication. Any loss or threat to information can prove to be great loss to the organization. Encryption technique plays a main role in information security system. This paper gives a comparison of various encryption algorithms and then finds best available one algorithm for the network security.
Performance Comparison of File Security System using TEA and Blowfish Algorithmsijtsrd
With the progress in data exchange by the electronic system, the need for information security has become a necessity. Due to the growth of multimedia application, security becomes an important issue of communication and storage of different files. To make its reality, cryptographic algorithms are widely used as essential tools. Cryptographic algorithms provide security services such as confidentiality, authentication, data integrity and secrecy by encryption. Different cryptographic algorithms are commonly used for information security in many research areas. Although there are two encryption techniques, asymmetric and symmetric, the simpler symmetric encryption technique is employed for testing file security system. In this study, the performance evaluation of the most common two symmetric encryption algorithms such as TEA and Blowfish algorithm is focused on the execution time intervals. Simulation has been conducted with many types of file encryption like .pdf, .txt, .doc, .docx, .xlsx, .pptx, .ppt, .xls, .jpg, .png and most common video file formats by using Java Programming Language. Win Myat Thu | Tin Lai Win | Su Mu Tyar "Performance Comparison of File Security System using TEA and Blowfish Algorithms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26462.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/26462/performance-comparison-of-file-security-system-using-tea-and-blowfish-algorithms/win-myat-thu
A New Method for Encrypting Digital Data Using Symmetric Key in Information E...Editor IJCATR
with the arrival of the information age and much more important information systems and communication in human
everyday life, necessity immunization information and communication strategy were also raised. The easiest way to meet this
necessity is conventional encryption algorithms. Encryption is a right tool for data protection in an unsecure channel. To this end, from
two-method symmetric key encryption and public-key cryptography are used. In this paper we examine text cryptography, one of the
most important topics in cryptography. A unique attribute of this kind of encryption has been of interest to many researchers in this
field. This paper, considering the symmetric encryption algorithm, provides a text encryption algorithm using a 128-bit key. The
proposed algorithm uses a 128-bit key, the text data using the XOR operator to convert the encrypted information. Therefore, the aim
of this method is to provide a convenient method for symmetrically encrypting data not to be easily decoded, and finally, the results of
the tests show that the proposed method is better in terms of security and speed of execution
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cryptographic Algorithms For Secure Data CommunicationCSCJournals
Personal privacy is of utmost importance in the global networked world. One of the best tools to help people safeguard their personal information is the use of cryptography. In this paper we present new cryptographic algorithms that employ the use of asymmetric keys. The proposed algorithms encipher message into nonlinear equations using public key and decipher by the intended party using private key. If a third party intercepted the message, it will be difficult to decipher it due to the multilevel ciphers of the proposed application.
Encryption is a technique that transforms a code from an understandable into an incomprehensible code. Many methods can be applied to an encryption process. One such method is RSA. RSA works by appointing on byte values. The value is obtained from character conversion to ASCII code. This algorithm is based on the multiplication of two relatively large primes. Applications of the RSA algorithm can be used in data security. This research provides RSA algorithm application on data security system that can guarantee data confidentiality. RSA algorithm is known as a very secure algorithm. This algorithm works with the number of bits in the search for prime numbers. The larger the bits, the less chance of ciphertext can be solved. The weakness of this method is the amount of ciphertext capacity will be floating in line with the number of prime numbers used. Also, to perform the process of encryption and decryption, RSA requires a relatively long time than other algorithms. The advantage of RSA is that complicated ciphertext is solved into plaintext.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
This Presentation covers all the topics related to Network Security and Cyber Security to prevent from various of cyber and networks which will be beneficial to protect their data from unauthorized users.
Cloud computing is the emerging trend in todays world. Cloud computing is not a separate technology, it is platform which provides platform as a service, Infrastructure as a service and Software as a service. The most important thing with cloud is that we hire everything from a third party or store our important datas in a third parties place .Here comes the major issue of how our datas are secured. In this paper, we discuss about how to protect our datas in the cloud with various cryptographic techniques. Padmapriya I | Ragini H "Cloud Cryptography" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21547.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/21547/cloud-cryptography/padmapriya-i
HYBRID CRYPTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE USING RSA ALGORITHM AND SCHEDULING CONCEPTSIJNSA Journal
The RSA algorithm is one of the most commonly used efficient cryptographic algorithms. It provides the required amount of confidentiality, data integrity and privacy. This paper integrates the RSA Algorithm with round-robin priority scheduling scheme in order to extend the level of security and reduce the effectiveness of intrusion. It aims at obtaining minimal overhead, increased throughput and privacy. In this method the user uses the RSA algorithm and generates the encrypted messages that are sorted priority-wise and then sent. The receiver, on receiving the messages decrypts them using the RSA algorithm according to their priority. This method reduces the risk of man-in-middle attacks and timing attacks as the encrypted and decrypted messages are further jumbled based on their priority. It also reduces the power monitoring attack risk if a very small amount of information is exchanged. It raises the bar on the standards of information security, ensuring more efficiency.
Cryptography is a technique used today hiding any confidential information from the attack of an intruder. Today data communication mainly depends upon digital data communication, where prior requirement is data security, so that data should reach to the intended user. The protection of multimedia data, sensitive information like credit cards, banking transactions and social security numbers is becoming very important. The protection of these confidential data from unauthorized access can be done with many encryption techniques. So for providing data security many cryptography techniques are employed, such as symmetric and asymmetric techniques. In this review paper different asymmetric cryptography techniques, such as RSA (Rivest Shamir and Adleman), Diffie-Hellman, DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) are analyzed. Also in this paper, a survey on existing work which uses different techniques for image encryption is done and a general introduction about cryptography is also given. This study extends the performance parameters used in encryption processes and analyzing on their security issues.
Hybrid cryptographic technique using rsa algorithm and scheduling conceptsIJNSA Journal
The RSA algorithm is one of the most commonly used efficient cryptographic algorithms. It provides the required amount of confidentiality, data integrity and privacy. This paper integrates the RSA Algorithm with round -robin priority scheduling scheme in order to extend the level of security and reduce the effectiveness of intrusion. It aims at obtaining minimal overhead, increased throughput and privacy. In this method the user uses the RSA algorithm and generates the encrypted messages that are sorted priority-wise and then sent. The receiver, on receiving the messages decrypts them using the RSA algorithm according to their priority. This method reduces the risk of man -in-middle attacks and timing attacks as the encrypted and decrypted messages are further jumbled based on their priority. It also reduces the power monitoring
attack risk if a very small amount of information is exchanged. It raises the bar on the standards of
information security, ensuring more efficiency.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Encryption Data Measurement and Data Security of Hybrid AES and RSA Algorithmijtsrd
Transferring the secure data becomes vital for the important data of every days life. The system is a secure data transferring, combining the two techniques, Advance Encryption Standard AES and RSA. The data file is encrypted by using AES with the randomly generated key. This key is also encrypted by RSA using the receivers public key. The encrypted data file and encrypted key file are combined to form an output file to send to the receiver. The file at the receivers side is separated into two files, the encrypted data file and encrypted key file. The encrypted key file is decrypted by RSA method using the receivers private key. The AES key is acquired, the encrypted data file is then decrypted by AES method using the acquired AES key. The system includes file transferring process based on the Java socket technology. Khet Khet Khaing Oo | Yan Naung Soe "Encryption Data Measurement and Data Security of Hybrid AES and RSA Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29243.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/29243/encryption-data-measurement-and-data-security-of-hybrid-aes-and-rsa-algorithm/khet-khet-khaing-oo
A Review on Various Most Common Symmetric Encryptions Algorithmsijsrd.com
Security is the most challenging aspects in the internet and network application. Internet and networks applications are growing very fast, so the importance and the value of the exchanged data over the internet or other media types are increasing. Information security has been very important issue in data communication. Any loss or threat to information can prove to be great loss to the organization. Encryption technique plays a main role in information security system. This paper gives a comparison of various encryption algorithms and then finds best available one algorithm for the network security.
Performance Comparison of File Security System using TEA and Blowfish Algorithmsijtsrd
With the progress in data exchange by the electronic system, the need for information security has become a necessity. Due to the growth of multimedia application, security becomes an important issue of communication and storage of different files. To make its reality, cryptographic algorithms are widely used as essential tools. Cryptographic algorithms provide security services such as confidentiality, authentication, data integrity and secrecy by encryption. Different cryptographic algorithms are commonly used for information security in many research areas. Although there are two encryption techniques, asymmetric and symmetric, the simpler symmetric encryption technique is employed for testing file security system. In this study, the performance evaluation of the most common two symmetric encryption algorithms such as TEA and Blowfish algorithm is focused on the execution time intervals. Simulation has been conducted with many types of file encryption like .pdf, .txt, .doc, .docx, .xlsx, .pptx, .ppt, .xls, .jpg, .png and most common video file formats by using Java Programming Language. Win Myat Thu | Tin Lai Win | Su Mu Tyar "Performance Comparison of File Security System using TEA and Blowfish Algorithms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26462.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/26462/performance-comparison-of-file-security-system-using-tea-and-blowfish-algorithms/win-myat-thu
A New Method for Encrypting Digital Data Using Symmetric Key in Information E...Editor IJCATR
with the arrival of the information age and much more important information systems and communication in human
everyday life, necessity immunization information and communication strategy were also raised. The easiest way to meet this
necessity is conventional encryption algorithms. Encryption is a right tool for data protection in an unsecure channel. To this end, from
two-method symmetric key encryption and public-key cryptography are used. In this paper we examine text cryptography, one of the
most important topics in cryptography. A unique attribute of this kind of encryption has been of interest to many researchers in this
field. This paper, considering the symmetric encryption algorithm, provides a text encryption algorithm using a 128-bit key. The
proposed algorithm uses a 128-bit key, the text data using the XOR operator to convert the encrypted information. Therefore, the aim
of this method is to provide a convenient method for symmetrically encrypting data not to be easily decoded, and finally, the results of
the tests show that the proposed method is better in terms of security and speed of execution
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cryptographic Algorithms For Secure Data CommunicationCSCJournals
Personal privacy is of utmost importance in the global networked world. One of the best tools to help people safeguard their personal information is the use of cryptography. In this paper we present new cryptographic algorithms that employ the use of asymmetric keys. The proposed algorithms encipher message into nonlinear equations using public key and decipher by the intended party using private key. If a third party intercepted the message, it will be difficult to decipher it due to the multilevel ciphers of the proposed application.
Encryption is a technique that transforms a code from an understandable into an incomprehensible code. Many methods can be applied to an encryption process. One such method is RSA. RSA works by appointing on byte values. The value is obtained from character conversion to ASCII code. This algorithm is based on the multiplication of two relatively large primes. Applications of the RSA algorithm can be used in data security. This research provides RSA algorithm application on data security system that can guarantee data confidentiality. RSA algorithm is known as a very secure algorithm. This algorithm works with the number of bits in the search for prime numbers. The larger the bits, the less chance of ciphertext can be solved. The weakness of this method is the amount of ciphertext capacity will be floating in line with the number of prime numbers used. Also, to perform the process of encryption and decryption, RSA requires a relatively long time than other algorithms. The advantage of RSA is that complicated ciphertext is solved into plaintext.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
This Presentation covers all the topics related to Network Security and Cyber Security to prevent from various of cyber and networks which will be beneficial to protect their data from unauthorized users.
Cloud computing is the emerging trend in todays world. Cloud computing is not a separate technology, it is platform which provides platform as a service, Infrastructure as a service and Software as a service. The most important thing with cloud is that we hire everything from a third party or store our important datas in a third parties place .Here comes the major issue of how our datas are secured. In this paper, we discuss about how to protect our datas in the cloud with various cryptographic techniques. Padmapriya I | Ragini H "Cloud Cryptography" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21547.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/21547/cloud-cryptography/padmapriya-i
HYBRID CRYPTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE USING RSA ALGORITHM AND SCHEDULING CONCEPTSIJNSA Journal
The RSA algorithm is one of the most commonly used efficient cryptographic algorithms. It provides the required amount of confidentiality, data integrity and privacy. This paper integrates the RSA Algorithm with round-robin priority scheduling scheme in order to extend the level of security and reduce the effectiveness of intrusion. It aims at obtaining minimal overhead, increased throughput and privacy. In this method the user uses the RSA algorithm and generates the encrypted messages that are sorted priority-wise and then sent. The receiver, on receiving the messages decrypts them using the RSA algorithm according to their priority. This method reduces the risk of man-in-middle attacks and timing attacks as the encrypted and decrypted messages are further jumbled based on their priority. It also reduces the power monitoring attack risk if a very small amount of information is exchanged. It raises the bar on the standards of information security, ensuring more efficiency.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
A Study Of Cryptography To Protect Data From Cyber-Crimes
1. Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 11(2): April- June, 2020
45
ISSN 0976-2973 (Print)
2321-581X (Online)
DOI: 10.5958/2321-581X.2020.00008.2
Vol. 11 |Issue-02|
April- June| 2020
Available online at
www.anvpublication.org
Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology
Home page www.ijersonline.org
REVIEW ARTICLE
A Study of Cryptography to Protect Data from Cyber-crimes
Abhishek Guru1
, Asha Ambhikar2
1
Research Scholar, Computer Science Department, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Raipur, India.
2
Professor, Computer Science Depaprtment, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Raipur, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: abhishekguru0703@gmail.com, dr.asha.ambhaikar@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used as a tool to commit an
offense. Cyber Security is a system of defending information, servers and network from malicious attacks. Now a
day’s every information or data is digitalises which are stored in server, clouds and other resources. The more data
we store the more organized crime is ready to devour it. Now a day’s online lifestyle gives enormous opportunities
to reach anyone from anywhere but this gives chances to cyber-crime. Today to control cyber-crimes we having
lots of techniques, Cryptography is one of them. The Cryptography is an art of hiding data or information from
unauthorized users. The importance of cryptography to securing data or information and some major cyber-crimes
are studied through this research paper.
KEYWORDS: Cyber Security, Digitalization, Cryptography, Cyber-crime, Information.
I. INTRODUCTION:
In today’s modern world, information and communication technologies are omnipresent and digitalization in all areas
is expanding and the world of network today has become a parallel form of life and living. The use of internet is one
of the fastest growing areas of technical infrastructure development. The Cyber security is a state or a process of
protecting information and information system such as data base, computers, networks and data centres and some
applications with appropriate procedural and technological security measure. For data security we having lots of
technologies by which we can able to secure our data from unauthenticated user. Cyber security has appeared as an
erected discipline for infrastructure and computers with a focus on protection of information stored on systems from
those who want to obtain, corrupt, destroy or prohibit access to it. The cryptographic algorithms plays very impotent
role to secure the data over the network. There are many cryptographic algorithms are available to secure the data or
information over the network. In cryptography the original message is converted in the unreadable form which is
called cipher text and the original message is called plaintext.
A. Cryptography:
Cryptography is the art of secret writing which is used since Roman times to hide information secret or keeping the
message. To keep information secret a widely used method is encryption and decryption which are the basic function
of Cryptography. In cryptography the information is converted into unreadable format which is ciphertext or
cyphertext which is cannot be understand by unauthorized user only a person who having a key can able to decode
the information into original format which is called plaintext.
As we know that in the main goal of cyber security is securing the information and data from unauthenticated users.
To secure the information or data we having cryptographic algorithms which are help to encrypt the data.
2. Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 11(2): April- June, 2020
46
Figure 1: Cryptography
As we can see the figure in cryptography first the plaintext (original message) is converted into unreadable format by
using encryption algorithm and key and the data is transferred to network in other hand the receiver uses the decryption
algorithm and private key to get the original message.
Classification of Cryptography:
Encryption algorithms can be classified into two categories- Symmetric and Asymmetric key encryption.
i. Symmetric Algorithm
ii. Asymmetric Algorithm
Figure 2: Classification of Cryptography
• Symmetric Algorithm:
In the symmetric key encryption, same key is used for encryption and decryption both. Symmetric key cryptosystems
are faster than the asymmetric key cryptosystems. It is used to provide confidentiality of the messages. There are
hundreds of different symmetric key algorithms available. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the
more common examples are DES, 3DES, AES, IDEA, RC4, and RC5.
1. DES (Data Encryption Standard):
DES was originally developed in 1976. It has been one of the most widely used encryption algorithms. This is partially
due to the fact that it was adopted as the government standard for encryption. The DES algorithm itself is very strong.
The weakness of the original DES standard is that it uses a 56-bit encryption key.
2. 3DES:
It is most commonly known as Triple DES. It applies the DES algorithm three times to each block of data that's why
it's called 3DES. 3DES has overtaken its predecessor, DES, and is currently considered to be the most widely used
standard for secure encryption. The algorithm itself is just as strong as DES and also has the advantage of being able
to use longer key lengths. A key must be specified for each of the 3DES encryption. There is an option of using the
same key for each, the same for two of the iterations, or a different key for each of the iterations. The most secure
implementation is to use a different key for each iteration. If you use the same key for all three iterations, the key
strength is considered to be 56 bits. That's basically the same as DES.
3. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard):
It is also sometimes referred to as the Rijndael algorithm. This is due to the fact that AES actually comes from the
Rijndael algorithm. The Rijndael algorithm was chosen as AES standard by the evaluation of the government. The
AES standard have three different ciphers: AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256. The numbers represent the length of
the encryption key. AES is very fast and very secure. Because of this, its global uptake has been very quick.
4. IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm):
It is the International Data Encryption Algorithm. IDEA was originally a replacement for the DES standard. IDEA
uses a 128-bit encryption key. There are two main factor IDEA is not as widely used. The first is the fact that IDEA
is subject to a range of weak keys. The second reason is that there are currently faster algorithms that produce the
same level of security.
3. Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 11(2): April- June, 2020
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❖ Asymmetric Algorithm:
In the asymmetric cryptography a key can be divided into two parts, a public key and a private key. The public key
can be available for everyone while the private key must be kept secret. Asymmetric cryptography has two major use
cases: confidentiality and authentication. Using asymmetric cryptography, messages signed with a private key, and
then anyone with the public key is able to verify that the message was created by someone possessing the
corresponding private key. This can be combined with a proof of identity system to know what entity (person or group)
actually owns that private key, providing authentication. Encryption with asymmetric cryptography works in different
way from symmetric encryption. Asymmetric key algorithms aren't as widely used as symmetric counterparts. So we'll
go over two of the big ones: Diffie-Hellman and RSA.
1. Diffie-Hellman:
The Diffie-Hellman algorithm was one of the earliest known asymmetric key implementations. The Diffie-Hellman
algorithm is mostly used for key exchange. Although symmetric key algorithms are fast and secure, key exchange is
always a problem. You have to figure out a way to get the private key to all systems. The Diffie-Hellman algorithm
helps with this. The Diffie-Hellman algorithm was used to establish a secure communication channel used by the
systems to exchange a private key. This private key is then used to do symmetric encryption between the two systems.
2. RSA ( Rivest Shamir Adelman algorithm):
RSA was developed in 1978. RSA was the first widely used asymmetric algorithms used for signing and encryption.
It supports key lengths of 768 and 1,024 bits. The RSA algorithm uses a three-part process. The first part is key
generation. The keys used in the RSA algorithm are based on prime numbers. The second part of the process is
encryption. This encryption is done using public key and private key pair. The third part of the process is decryption.
The decryption is done using the private key.
Cyber security is protecting devices from unauthorized access. It is an important matter for the Internet and the systems
built on it. Cyber warfare and cyber-crime have prevalent and potentially devastating effects. The benefits of
collaboration can get through the risk of loss of privacy, wealth, and personal security.
A cyber-attack example is hack where an intruder steals valuable data such as credit card information, or intellectual
property. Another example is a distributed denial-of-service attack where the attacker compromises a target by
flooding it with requests from multiple systems.
Types of Cyber-crime:
Cyber-crimes can be of the following types:
A. Hacking- It is a type of crime in which the personal data is accessed by criminals by using some applications or
codes. Hacking is done to access the personal, confidential and sensitive information from an individual’s computer.
It can also be done to change the passwords of login accounts and use the information against them.
B. Theft- Under this category a person violates or breaks the copyrights of a particular website and download songs,
games, movies and software. There are many websites which allow downloading the data that is copied from other
websites. It is known as pirated data as the quality of data is not up to the mark.
C. Identity theft- In this attack, criminals steal data about person’s bank account number, credit card number, debit
card and other confidential data to transfer money to his account or buy things online by acting as the original person
i.e. the criminal stalks the identity of person and thus it is known as identity theft. This theft can result in huge
economical loss to the victim.
D. Defamation- In this type of crime, the criminal hacks the email account of a person and sends mails using abusive
languages to known person’s mail accounts so as to lower the dignity or fame of that person.
E. Malicious software- These are the software that is used to access the system to steal confidential data of the
organization or can be used to damage the hardware and software of the system.
F. Cyber Stalking- It is a type of attack where online messages and e-mails are bombarded on victim’s system. In
cyber staking, internet is used to harass an individual, group or organization by using defamation, identity theft,
solicitation for sex, false accusations etc.
G. E-mail harassment- In this type of cyber-crime, the victim is harassed by receiving letters, attachments in files
and folders of e-mails.
H. Spoofing- It is a type of situation in which criminal masquerade as another person i.e. the criminal acts as another
person by using his identity and therefore takes advantage of illegally accessing data of the other person.
I. Virus- It is a small program that is loaded on the victim’s computer without his knowledge which causes a large
amount of damage to the system. Viruses attach themselves to files and circulate themselves to other files on the
network which leads to damage of the system.
J. Phishing- It is an attack in which criminal sends genuine looking emails to victim to gather personal and financial
information of the victim which can be used against him.