1) Formula 1 cars are the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by FIA, referred to as "the pinnacle of motor sports." 2) F1 cars can reach speeds up to 360 km/hr with engines revving up to 18,000 rpm. Races consist of driver and constructor championships. 3) Downforce is created through aerodynamic wings, pushing the car onto the track at high speeds. Components like specialized tires, energy recovery systems, and power units help the cars achieve their maximum performance.

1. Submitted by:
NAME : Basudev Sethi
REGD. NO. :1401104065
SEMESTER :7th sem.
BRANCH : Mechanical Engg.
A Report on
F1 CARS

2. CONTENTS

3.  Highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Federation Internationale de I’Automobile
(FIA)
 It referred to as “The pinnacle of Motor Sports”
 Formula one cars race at high speeds up to 360 km per hour with engines reviving up to a
formula Imposed limit of 18,000 rpm
 Consists of 2 championships
I. Drivers
II. Constructors

6. (Basic aerodynamic forces on an aero-plane)
Concept of Down Force
 In the aircrafts the difference in the
shape of the top surface and the bottom
surface of the wings causes quicker air
flow over the top surface than the bottom
, such that a higher air pressure is
developed below the wings resulting a
force pushing the wings upwards. This
upward force is called ‘Lift’.

7. Wing –Theory and Down Force
 The wings on an F1 car use the same principle as those found on a common aircraft,
although while the aircraft wings are designed to produce lift, wings on an F1 car are
placed 'upside down', producing down force, pushing the car onto the track.
 The wing is shaped so the low pressure area is under the wing, causing a force to push
the wing downwards. This force is called ‘Down Force’.
 Down force describes the downward pressure created by the aerodynamic characteristic
of a car and the amount of the down force can be developed such that the car can move
up-sight down at its top speed.

8. Airflow Effect on Front Wing

9. • Constructed from a blend of very soft , natural and synthetic rubber compounds which offer the best
possible grip against the track .However the grip increases at relatively high temp. at which point the
tyres become stickier.
•These tires have more ‘slick’ (flat or untreated) surface instead of ‘grooved’ surface , offering more
contact surface between the tyres and the race track.
• Strong tyres , better grip creating high temperature at enormous speed and downforce results quick
wear and lasts for only 60 miles.
• Classification of tyres :
Ultra-soft most grip and least durable
Super-soft .… ..
Soft … …
Medium .. ….
Hard least grip and most durable
Intermediate light standing water
Wet heavy standing water
Dry weather
Wet weather

10. Tyres in 2017

12. Power unit is deemed to consist of six separate elements
I. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
II. Motor Generator Unit – Heat (MGU-H)
III. Motor Generator Unit – Kinetic (MGU-K)
IV. Energy Store (ES) or Battery
V. Turbo Charger (TC)
VI. Control Electronics (CE)
Each driver is permitted to use only four of these above six elements during a
championship session.

13. ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM (ERS)
 ERS(Energy Recovery System) , previously known as KERS (Kinetic Energy Recovery
System) which was first introduced in 2009 F1 racing.
 The ERS must weigh between 20-25 kg and consists of two electrical devices called 1.
Motor Generator Unit-Heat (MGU-H)
2. Motor Generator Unit-Kinetic (MGU-K) ,are connected with an Energy
Store(battery) and Control Electronics.
 When the car rushes at a top speed of 205mph can produce 700C-1000C while breaking ,
though a huge amount of kinetic energy lost in the form of heat , but it doesn’t because of
the ERS.
MGU-H when works as a generator connected to the turbo charger of the engine converts
the heat energy of exhaust gases in to electrical energy .When works as a motor release
the stored energy to boost the drivetrain under the command of the driver when an
accleration is needed.
 It also maintain the speed of turbo during a turbo-lag.

14. The MGU-K works like an upgraded version of KERS, converting the kinetic energy
generated under breaking in to electricity (rather then it escaping as heat) . It also act as
a motor and returns up to 120KW(160hp approx.) power to the drivetrain from the
Energy Store.
 However the ERS systems will give drivers an additional 160hp(120KW) or so for
approximately 33 seconds per lap , while previously KERS used to give the driver
around 80hp.

15. Power Unit & ERS
Overview

16. Adoption of ERS is the technology for the present and the future because
 It’s environment-friendly, reduces CO2 emissions.
 Has a low production cost.
 The present F1 technology makes the path for future advanced cars.
 It can permit regenerative braking and engine downsizing as a means of improving
efficiency and hence reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
 Foremost the costs of the device which reduces the applications are being considered for
small, mass-production passenger cars, buses and trucks. If possible , then it can be a
revolutionary change in both for technology and nature

17.  Wikipedia
 autosport.com
 Formulaspy.com
 Formula1.com
 F1technical.net
 Somersf1.blogspot.com
 Sorniotti, Aldo, and Massimiliano Curto. "Racing Simulation of a Formula 1
Vehicle with Kinetic Energy Recovery System." SAE Digital Library. SAE
International. Web. 25 Sept. 2009.