The document provides a comprehensive overview of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), detailing their definition, historical development, types of hybridization, and components. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of HEVs, highlighting their environmental benefits but also noting their higher costs and potential safety risks. The future scope emphasizes ongoing advancements in HEV technology and increased adoption by major automobile manufacturers.

1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
THE WORLD OF ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT
VYAS INSTUTUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JODHPUR
Seminar Presentation
Submitted By:
Lakshminarayan
13eveee026
Submitted To:
Prof. Asad Zai

2. Contents
 What is HEV....?
 History
 Types of Hybridization
 Types of HEV
 Parts of HVE vehicle
 Advantages of HEV
 Disadvantage of HEV
 Future Scope
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Image Source: Google Images

3. What is HEV…?
 A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel
injection in order to run.
Motor/
Generator
Battery Fuel
Transmission
Engine
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Image Source: Google Images
Fuel
Transmission
Engine
Battery
Transmission
Motor/
Generator
Battery ElectricConventional Hybrid Electric Car
Fig: Hybrid Vehicle Mean

4. History of HEV
 1830’s
• Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert Anderson,
others - using non-rechargeable batteries.
 1890’s
• EV’s outsold gas cars 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started as EV
companies started as EV companies.
 1904’s
• Krieger Company builds first hybrid vehicle
 1910’s
• Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
• EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Historical Hybrid car

5. Types of Hybridization
1. MILD / Micro Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Are not capable of using the electric motor
to propel the vehicle
 These systems are usually 42 volts or less
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Mild Hybridization

6. Types of Hybridization
2. Medium Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Most are not capable of using the electric motor alone to
propel the vehicle
 The electric motor usually assists the engine
 Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Medium Hybridization

7. Types of Hybridization
3. Full Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to
propel the vehicle
 The electric motor also assists the engine
 Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 volts
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Full Hybridization

8. Types of Hybrid
1. Series hybrid
 The fuel tank goes to the engine, but the
engine turns a generator.
 Then the generator can either charge the
batteries or power an electric motor that
drives the transmission.
 The gasoline engine does not directly
power the car.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Series Hybrid

9. Types of HEV
2. Parallel Hybrid
 Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the
engine like a regular car.
 It also has a set of batteries that run an
electric motor.
 Both the engine and electric motor can
turn the transmission at the same time.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Parallel Hybrid

10. Types of HEV
3. Series-Parallel Hybrid
 Series-Parallel type also called Power-split
hybrids.
 More beneficial then above hybrid.
 Most of the latest vehicle based on this
hybrid.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Series Parallel Hybrid

11. Parts of HEV vehicle
1. Engine
 It’s much same as other vehicles engine,
but the size of hybrid electric vehicle
engine is small and it’s more fuel efficient.
 There are two types of engine, mostly
used in HEV vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Engine

12. Parts of HEV vehicle
2. Battery
 It stores the energy generated from gasoline
engine or during regenerative braking, from
the electric motor.
 There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV
vehicles
a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt)
b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt)
c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt)
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Battery

13. Parts of HEV vehicle
3. Electrical Motor
 It’s power the vehicle at low speed and
assist the gasoline engine when additional
power is needed.
 Most of the electric machines used in
hybrid vehicles are brushless DC motors
(BLDC).
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Electrical Motor

14. Parts of HEV vehicle
4. Controller
 The controller is used to charge the
battery or to supply the power to electric
motor.
a. Converts Battery DC to a chopped DC
power
b. Can chop in amplitude (DC) or frequency
(AC)
c. Power is based on low voltage input signal
4-20 mA or 0-5V
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Controller

15. Parts of HEV vehicle
5. Generator
 It converts mechanical energy from engine
into electrical energy, which can be used
by electric motor stored in the battery. It’s
also used to start the gasoline engine
instantly.
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Generator

16. Advantages of HEV
 Savings
 Low Emissions
 Reduced Noise Pollution
 Low Maintenance
 Safe to Drive
Low
Emission
Less Noise
Improved
fuel
Efficiency
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Fig: Advantages

17. Disadvantages of HEV
 Hybrids are more expensive than non-
hybrids.
 Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have
a much higher risk of exploding because it
has a combination of gasoline and
ethanol.
 Sometimes they can be pretty ugly.
 Parts can be very expensive to repair.
(between $1,00,000 and $3,00,000 for a
battery).
 Slower than petrol powered cars.
More
Expensive
Low Power
Costly
Maintenanc
e
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Fig: Disadvantages

18. Future Scope
 All the Major Automobile manufactures are working on Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.
 Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in future.
 Efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle will further increase in future.
 Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or other vehicle.
 Power of car have to increase in future.
 Price of vehicle will reduce due to increase in production rate of hybrid electric
vehicles.
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19. Tata’s hybrid Product
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Image Source: Google Images
Fig: Tata Starbus hybrid

20. Thank you
Go! Buy a hybrid…
Any Questions…?
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