Air pollution is most important from the public health of view, because every individual person breaths approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 kg of air daily. The main pollutants contribute by automobile are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. Pollutant removal from combustion gas in both SI&CI is one of the most widely known environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to guarantee the successful removal of contaminants and pollutants on activated carbons, the developments of new adsorbents has been increasing in the last few years. This paper is a systematic study of cleaning SI&CI engine of CO, SO2, NO2 Using activated carbon filter. The combustion gases were qualitative and quantitative analyzed by gas chromatography. The use of this simple method is a valuable alternative to meet emission standards in developing countries. It was demonstrated that the agricultural wastes studied here are a feasible alternative for reducing pollutants in SI & CI engine.
To Reduce the Pollution from the Earth which is exhausted By Vehicles?IJERA Editor
1.1 Objectives
To reduce quantity of pollute gases from the atmosphere. Also reduced effect of the exhaust gases on human
being.To get some products which may use in different purposes.
1.2 Beneficiaries
For better environment near the cross roads.Also for society and world by reducing CO2.Get product was
economic and use for environment.
1.3 Value of result
We can use these on crossing roads in urban area.We can also use these at toll plaza on highway.We may also
use at that where daily traffic are very high. Also
for industrial purpose.
1.4 Unique selling point
“Stay comfort, because we steal your detriment”
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived from mangifera indicaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
To Reduce the Pollution from the Earth which is exhausted By Vehicles?IJERA Editor
1.1 Objectives
To reduce quantity of pollute gases from the atmosphere. Also reduced effect of the exhaust gases on human
being.To get some products which may use in different purposes.
1.2 Beneficiaries
For better environment near the cross roads.Also for society and world by reducing CO2.Get product was
economic and use for environment.
1.3 Value of result
We can use these on crossing roads in urban area.We can also use these at toll plaza on highway.We may also
use at that where daily traffic are very high. Also
for industrial purpose.
1.4 Unique selling point
“Stay comfort, because we steal your detriment”
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived from mangifera indicaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of Cr (VI) Using Low Cost Activated Carbon Developed By Agricultural ...IOSRJAC
Rice straw is find out as agricultural waste material labundantly in india. It is also used in paper industry due to it abundantly available in rice-producing countries. Activated carbon of rice straw (ACRS) was used to remove Cr(VI) from waste water. The Batch process were used to evaluate the effect activated carbon of rice straw for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies on pH effect, contact time, adsorbent dose were examined. The removal decreased from 74.2 to 47.2% by increasing the Cr(VI) concentration from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/l. Removal, however, decreased from 80.3 to 7.2% by increasing the adsorbent particle size from 100 µm to 200 µm. The adsorbed dose of Cr (VI) tend to increase with the increase of pH. It has been found that a low cost and high capabilities of the ACRS make it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
CO2 Capture Using Activated Alumina in Gasoline Passenger VehiclesIJERA Editor
Now a days there is a tremendous change in the climatic conditions due to global warming and greenhouse
gases results in the floods, draughts and famine. Due to increase in the usage of fossil fuels, the emission of
harmful gases into the atmosphere and results in global warming and greenhouse effect. Carbon Dioxide is one
of the major component of Greenhouse gases results in greenhouse effect. Major amount of Carbon Dioxide
releases from the combustion of fossil fuels which are emitting from the Vehicles and Industries. For the control
of the emission of the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere we have chosen for adsorption of Carbon Dioxide
from the exhaust of the gasoline vehicles using Activated Alumina. For this Alumina is phase transformed to
Gamma – Alumina (Activated Alumina) which can adsorb the Carbon Dioxide from the gases and can be
recycled without causing any effect to the neighbouring gases and material used. The gasoline vehicle used for
testing is following the EURO – V emission norms and the Carbon Dioxide content releasing from the vehicle is
reduced to 7.6%.
Microbial catalysis of syngas fermentation into biofuels precursors - An expe...Pratap Jung Rai
Search for environment-friendly sustainable energy sources is of global interest due to continuous depletion of fossil fuels resources and excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Syngas fermentation is one of the promising sustainable alternative for liquid biofuel and chemical production from energy content wastes/byproducts. This study mainly focuses on acetic acid and ethanol production via fermentation, using hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substrates to mimic syngas. A laboratory scale, batch fermentation was performed at different headspace pressure ranged from 0.29 to 1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC.
Formation of acetic acid and ethanol were found significant. The maximum acetic acid concentration 68 mmol/L was obtained at 1176 hours and 1.12 bar headspace pressure. However, maximum ethanol concentration of 15 pA*s was found at 1297 hours and 1.51 bar headspace pressure. Ethanol consumption was observed during first 553 hours. Maximum H2 consumption rate was 0.153 mmol/h•gVS during 478-527 hours at 1.12 bar headspace pressure, which was 51 times higher than that obtained during first 71 hours at 0.29 bar headspace pressure (0.003 mmol/h• gVS). The total consumed hydrogen gas measure as COD (CODHydrogen) was equivalent to the increase in bulk liquid COD, 11.02 gCOD and 11.44 gCOD; in which 68% of CODHydrogen was converted to acetic acid (7.44 gCOD). A significant influence of headspace pressure and dissolved hydrogen concentration were observed on the volumetric mass (H2) transfer coefficient (kLa) and the solubility of hydrogen in the inoculum (CH). The maximum kLa and CH of 0.082 h-1 (R2 = 0.995) and 1.2 10-3 mol/L were found at 1.12 bar headspace pressure and 89 mmol/L dissolved hydrogen concentration, respectively. The calculated biomass yields ranged from 0.001-0.066 and 0.001-0.059 gVSS/gCOD, for acetic acid and ethanol formation, respectively, when the assumption of free energy efficiency use in growth was changed from 0.1 to 1.
Acetic acid and ethanol were dominant final product whereas other organic acids were almost constant and insignificant throughout the experiment. This implies that the microbial fermentation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at headspace pressure ranged from 0.29-1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC, can be performed with digested food waste sludge for efficient acetic acid and ethanol production.
— The study comprises estimate of wet deposited nitrogenous compounds in Assam (India). Deposition has been estimated from a survey works (2010-11) at urban and peri-urban areas of Assam. Air samples were collected by clinical syringe (10 cm 3) for Oxides of Nitrogen (NO, NO 2 : NOx) and reduced Nitrogen (NH 3 , NH 4 + : NHy). The samples were diffused into 10 cm 3 each of distilled water and 0.1N HCl respectively for estimation of mean concentration of weighted hydrogen (µeql-1), quantity of elemental nitrogen (N) or nitrate (NO 3-1) and ammonium (NH 4 +) ions expressed in mg l-1 or kg ha-1 y-1. The measured concentrations of the nitrogenous compounds were interpolated with a properly used Kriging Technique on a 1km x 1km grid covering districts characterised by varying congestions of population, vehicular transport and of industrial evidences. There were many fold variations of these air quality parameters among the major sites and locations of the pollutants e.g. nitrogen deposited through aerosol of its oxides ranged from 6.0-38 kg ha-1 yr-1 , whereas nitrogen accumulation from the reduced aerosol was 7-24 kg ha-1 yr-1. Tissue nitrogen in some indicator plant species (e.g.Pinus longifolia, Ficus benjamina), collected from the square grids of polluted areas was also elevated. Thus, the hypothesis that the Northeast India, especially Assam is also facing with enrichment of nitrogenous pollution due to anthropogenic activities, mass vehicular and industrial growth, was tested.
Analysis of intrinsic rate of reaction of ionicIshantGodariya
A Seminar work on understanding the intrinsic rate of reactions of ionic liquids and amine solvents with carbon dioxide using Molecular Simulation softwares.
PerkinElmer Elemental Analysis of Various Classes of Chemical Compounds Using...PerkinElmer, Inc.
This study attempts to answer the question of what happens when various classes of materials are analyzed which are known to be relatively "difficult" to analyze by other instruments or by conventional techniques.
Using environmental forensics techniques to identify fugitive methane. Techniques included VOCs, fixed gases, stable isotopes, and radioactive carbon to identify soil gas samples from a variety of urban settings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A major part of the air pollution caused is due to the vehicular emission which is increasing at an alarming rate. The different types of vehicles like car, bus, truck etc. contribute a way as well as play a dominant duty in increasing air pollution. These vehicles find its running source mainly form the extracts of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel. The fuels undergo combustion to generate energy so as to support the vehicle for duty. The incomplete combustion of the fuels in the engine paves a way for production of products like the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. A high emission level is therefore a proved result. For the purpose of forcing the fuel to have efficient combustion and for reduction of the emission levels for reducing air pollution a wide range of processes are applicable. These include improvising engine design, fuel pre-treatment etc. Among these wide ranges of options available catalytic converter is found to be a better way for establishing an efficient combustion in the controller engine of the vehicle. Usage of noble group metal is an effective way for effective combustion like the platinum group metal serves way good for reducing the exhausts. With the help of secondary measures efficiency of the engine is improved as well. The techniques are still under development as because there are some limitations of the catalytic converters which are needed to be dealt with but the application of this technique has better achievement points as well.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of Cr (VI) Using Low Cost Activated Carbon Developed By Agricultural ...IOSRJAC
Rice straw is find out as agricultural waste material labundantly in india. It is also used in paper industry due to it abundantly available in rice-producing countries. Activated carbon of rice straw (ACRS) was used to remove Cr(VI) from waste water. The Batch process were used to evaluate the effect activated carbon of rice straw for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies on pH effect, contact time, adsorbent dose were examined. The removal decreased from 74.2 to 47.2% by increasing the Cr(VI) concentration from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/l. Removal, however, decreased from 80.3 to 7.2% by increasing the adsorbent particle size from 100 µm to 200 µm. The adsorbed dose of Cr (VI) tend to increase with the increase of pH. It has been found that a low cost and high capabilities of the ACRS make it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
CO2 Capture Using Activated Alumina in Gasoline Passenger VehiclesIJERA Editor
Now a days there is a tremendous change in the climatic conditions due to global warming and greenhouse
gases results in the floods, draughts and famine. Due to increase in the usage of fossil fuels, the emission of
harmful gases into the atmosphere and results in global warming and greenhouse effect. Carbon Dioxide is one
of the major component of Greenhouse gases results in greenhouse effect. Major amount of Carbon Dioxide
releases from the combustion of fossil fuels which are emitting from the Vehicles and Industries. For the control
of the emission of the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere we have chosen for adsorption of Carbon Dioxide
from the exhaust of the gasoline vehicles using Activated Alumina. For this Alumina is phase transformed to
Gamma – Alumina (Activated Alumina) which can adsorb the Carbon Dioxide from the gases and can be
recycled without causing any effect to the neighbouring gases and material used. The gasoline vehicle used for
testing is following the EURO – V emission norms and the Carbon Dioxide content releasing from the vehicle is
reduced to 7.6%.
Microbial catalysis of syngas fermentation into biofuels precursors - An expe...Pratap Jung Rai
Search for environment-friendly sustainable energy sources is of global interest due to continuous depletion of fossil fuels resources and excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Syngas fermentation is one of the promising sustainable alternative for liquid biofuel and chemical production from energy content wastes/byproducts. This study mainly focuses on acetic acid and ethanol production via fermentation, using hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substrates to mimic syngas. A laboratory scale, batch fermentation was performed at different headspace pressure ranged from 0.29 to 1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC.
Formation of acetic acid and ethanol were found significant. The maximum acetic acid concentration 68 mmol/L was obtained at 1176 hours and 1.12 bar headspace pressure. However, maximum ethanol concentration of 15 pA*s was found at 1297 hours and 1.51 bar headspace pressure. Ethanol consumption was observed during first 553 hours. Maximum H2 consumption rate was 0.153 mmol/h•gVS during 478-527 hours at 1.12 bar headspace pressure, which was 51 times higher than that obtained during first 71 hours at 0.29 bar headspace pressure (0.003 mmol/h• gVS). The total consumed hydrogen gas measure as COD (CODHydrogen) was equivalent to the increase in bulk liquid COD, 11.02 gCOD and 11.44 gCOD; in which 68% of CODHydrogen was converted to acetic acid (7.44 gCOD). A significant influence of headspace pressure and dissolved hydrogen concentration were observed on the volumetric mass (H2) transfer coefficient (kLa) and the solubility of hydrogen in the inoculum (CH). The maximum kLa and CH of 0.082 h-1 (R2 = 0.995) and 1.2 10-3 mol/L were found at 1.12 bar headspace pressure and 89 mmol/L dissolved hydrogen concentration, respectively. The calculated biomass yields ranged from 0.001-0.066 and 0.001-0.059 gVSS/gCOD, for acetic acid and ethanol formation, respectively, when the assumption of free energy efficiency use in growth was changed from 0.1 to 1.
Acetic acid and ethanol were dominant final product whereas other organic acids were almost constant and insignificant throughout the experiment. This implies that the microbial fermentation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at headspace pressure ranged from 0.29-1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC, can be performed with digested food waste sludge for efficient acetic acid and ethanol production.
— The study comprises estimate of wet deposited nitrogenous compounds in Assam (India). Deposition has been estimated from a survey works (2010-11) at urban and peri-urban areas of Assam. Air samples were collected by clinical syringe (10 cm 3) for Oxides of Nitrogen (NO, NO 2 : NOx) and reduced Nitrogen (NH 3 , NH 4 + : NHy). The samples were diffused into 10 cm 3 each of distilled water and 0.1N HCl respectively for estimation of mean concentration of weighted hydrogen (µeql-1), quantity of elemental nitrogen (N) or nitrate (NO 3-1) and ammonium (NH 4 +) ions expressed in mg l-1 or kg ha-1 y-1. The measured concentrations of the nitrogenous compounds were interpolated with a properly used Kriging Technique on a 1km x 1km grid covering districts characterised by varying congestions of population, vehicular transport and of industrial evidences. There were many fold variations of these air quality parameters among the major sites and locations of the pollutants e.g. nitrogen deposited through aerosol of its oxides ranged from 6.0-38 kg ha-1 yr-1 , whereas nitrogen accumulation from the reduced aerosol was 7-24 kg ha-1 yr-1. Tissue nitrogen in some indicator plant species (e.g.Pinus longifolia, Ficus benjamina), collected from the square grids of polluted areas was also elevated. Thus, the hypothesis that the Northeast India, especially Assam is also facing with enrichment of nitrogenous pollution due to anthropogenic activities, mass vehicular and industrial growth, was tested.
Analysis of intrinsic rate of reaction of ionicIshantGodariya
A Seminar work on understanding the intrinsic rate of reactions of ionic liquids and amine solvents with carbon dioxide using Molecular Simulation softwares.
PerkinElmer Elemental Analysis of Various Classes of Chemical Compounds Using...PerkinElmer, Inc.
This study attempts to answer the question of what happens when various classes of materials are analyzed which are known to be relatively "difficult" to analyze by other instruments or by conventional techniques.
Using environmental forensics techniques to identify fugitive methane. Techniques included VOCs, fixed gases, stable isotopes, and radioactive carbon to identify soil gas samples from a variety of urban settings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A major part of the air pollution caused is due to the vehicular emission which is increasing at an alarming rate. The different types of vehicles like car, bus, truck etc. contribute a way as well as play a dominant duty in increasing air pollution. These vehicles find its running source mainly form the extracts of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel. The fuels undergo combustion to generate energy so as to support the vehicle for duty. The incomplete combustion of the fuels in the engine paves a way for production of products like the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. A high emission level is therefore a proved result. For the purpose of forcing the fuel to have efficient combustion and for reduction of the emission levels for reducing air pollution a wide range of processes are applicable. These include improvising engine design, fuel pre-treatment etc. Among these wide ranges of options available catalytic converter is found to be a better way for establishing an efficient combustion in the controller engine of the vehicle. Usage of noble group metal is an effective way for effective combustion like the platinum group metal serves way good for reducing the exhausts. With the help of secondary measures efficiency of the engine is improved as well. The techniques are still under development as because there are some limitations of the catalytic converters which are needed to be dealt with but the application of this technique has better achievement points as well.
Effect of Adding Oxygen Containing Additives to Unleaded Gasoline on Exhaust ...ijiert bestjournal
As world population grew,power plants,factories a nd ever increasing automobiles began to pollute the air to the extent that it was no longer acceptable. During the late 1940s,air pollution as a problem was fir st recognized in the Los Angeles basin in California . Two causes of this were the large population densit y and the natural weather conditions of area. Smoke and other pollutants from many industries and automobiles combined with the fog that was common in this ocean area and smog resulted. By the 1960s emission standards were beginning to be enforced in Californ ia. Then various ways are investigated to reduce em issions from an IC engine. Oxygen containing additives are used to improve gasoline�s performance and reduce exhaust emissions is one of them. The main objectiv e of this work is to find can Dimethyl Carbonate is used to reduce emission? In view of the above,it is decide d to investigate the effect of adding Dimethyl Carb onate to unleaded gasoline on exhaust emission. The experime ntal setup to test blended fuel is prepared with mu lti cylinder four stroke spark ignition engine. The res ults indicate that CO and HC exhaust emissions are lower with the use of Dimethyl carbonate gasoline blended fuels as compared to the use of unleaded gasoline. The effect of above additive on NOx is insignificant.
Study on the Investigation of the Effect of Additive Methanol on Performance ...ijtsrd
Internal combustion engines have become recently in attention due the strict regulations regarding the environmental protection, emissions and to reduce the dependency of the fossil fuels. One choice is the use of methanol as it can be produce from renewable sources and blended with gasoline in any proportion. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of methanol ' gasoline blends regarding engine performance and exhaust emissions. The gasoline is fossil fuel which is limited in reserving causes varieties of study in search of alternative fuel for SI engine, where ethanol promises best alternative fuel. Five different blends M5, M10, M15, M20 and M25 were tested in a single cylinder spark ignition engine. The experimental results in engine performance show a decrease of torque and power up to 10 and in emissions characteristics a CO, CO2, HC. It can be concluded that methanol gasoline blends are viable option to be used in gasoline engines to replace partially the fossil fuel. Win Ko Ko Htike | Sandar Aung "Study on the Investigation of the Effect of Additive Methanol on Performance and Exhaust Emission of a SI Engine - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29505.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29505/study-on-the-investigation-of-the-effect-of-additive-methanol-on-performance-and-exhaust-emission-of-a-si-engine-%E2%80%93-a-review/win-ko-ko-htike
Effect of fly ash as an additive on ci engine fuelled with water emulsified d...IJECSJournal
Diesel engines exhausting gaseous emission and particulate matter have long been regarded as one of the major air pollution sources, particularly in metropolitan areas, and have been a source of serious public concern for a long time. There has been numerous research in the field of reduction of these pollutants since diesel engines came to major use. Major emissions from a diesel engine are NOx, SOx, CO and particulate matter (PM).amongst these pollutants CO and Sox and some quantity of particulate matters are reduced by some after treatment devices. Also NOx emissions are reduced by selective catalytic reduction, exhaust gas recirculation. In this work, the experiment was carried out on twin cylinder diesel engine fuelled with water emulsified diesel and fly ash as an additive. The test is carried out at constant speed and varying the load condition and investigate the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. Brake specific fuel consumption is increased by 3.33% and 5.43%. and NOX emission is reduced by 11.87% and 15% respectively, when addition of 5% and 10% water in diesel. Also with the addition of 3% and 6% fly-ash in 5% and 10% water diesel emulsion. Brake specific fuel consumption is increased by 6.27%, 7.91%, 5.79% and 8.21%, also Co emission was increases by 22.33%, 12.5%, 36.36% and 22.22% respectively when results comparing with diesel. The Brake thermal efficiency was increased by 4.39% when addition of 10% water in diesel and also with addition of 3% and 6% fly-ash in 10% water diesel emulsion there is 3.97% and 1.11%. Brake thermal efficiency increases as compare to diesel.
Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Actuator in a Typical Aerospace vehicle | J4...Journal For Research
An Aerospace Vehicle is capable of flight both within and outside the sensible atmosphere. An Actuation System is one of the most important Systems of an Aerospace vehicle. This paper study involves detailed study of various controls Actuation System and Design of a typical Hydraulic Actuation Systems. An actuator control system concerned with electrical, electronic or electro mechanical. Actuator control systems may take the form of extremely simple, manually-operated start-and-stop stations, or sophisticated, programmable computer systems. Hydraulic Actuation System contains Electro Hydraulic Actuators, Servo Valves, Feedback Sensing elements, Pump Motor package, Hydraulic Reservoir, Accumulator, various safety valves, Filters etc. The main objective of this study involves design of Hydraulic Actuator and selection of various other components for the Actuation Systems of an Aerospace Vehicle. Design of the system includes design of Hydraulic actuator and also the Modeling and Analysis of actuator using sophisticated Software.
Experimental Verification and Validation of Stress Distribution of Composite ...Journal For Research
Now a day in all sector weight reduction is most important criteria for lowering the cost & high performance. For weight reduction composite material is good option to solve weight related problems. In this paper we describe analysis of composite glass fibre material with mild steel material comparison. For analysis purpose we can use FEA software. The objective of this paper is compare things like different loading conditions stress distribution etc.
Image Binarization for the uses of Preprocessing to Detect Brain Abnormality ...Journal For Research
Computerized MR of brain image binarization for the uses of preprocessing of features extraction and brain abnormality identification of brain has been described. Binarization is used as intermediate steps of many MR of brain normal and abnormal tissues detection. One of the main problems of MRI binarization is that many pixels of brain part cannot be correctly binarized due to the extensive black background or the large variation in contrast between background and foreground of MRI. Proposed binarization determines a threshold value using mean, variance, standard deviation and entropy followed by a non-gamut enhancement that can overcome the binarization problem. The proposed binarization technique is extensively tested with a variety of MRI and generates good binarization with improved accuracy and reduced error.
A Research Paper on BFO and PSO Based Movie Recommendation System | J4RV4I1016Journal For Research
The objective of this work is to assess the utility of personalized recommendation system (PRS) in the field of movie recommendation using a new model based on neural network classification and hybrid optimization algorithm. We have used advantages of both the evolutionary optimization algorithms which are Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bacteria foraging optimization (BFO). In its implementation a NN classification model is used to obtain a movie recommendation which predict ratings of movie. Parameters or attributes on which movie ratings are dependent are supplied by user's demographic details and movie content information. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed method is verified by multiple experiments based on the Movie Lens benchmark dataset. Hybrid optimization algorithm selects best attributes from total supplied attributes of recommendation system and gives more accurate rating with less time taken. In present scenario movie database is becoming larger so we need an optimized recommendation system for better performance in terms of time and accuracy.
IoT based Digital Agriculture Monitoring System and Their Impact on Optimal U...Journal For Research
Although precision agriculture has been adopted in few countries, the greenhouse based modern agriculture industry in India still needs to be modernized with the involvement of technology for better production and cost control. In this paper we proposed a multifunction model for smart agriculture based on IoT. Due to variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniform condition at all the places in the farmhouse manually. Soil and environment properties are sensed and periodically sent to cloud network through IoT. Analysis on cloud data is done for water requirement, total production and maintaining uniform environment conditions throughout greenhouse farm. Proposed model is beneficial for increase in agricultural production and for cost control and real time monitoring of farm.
A REVIEW PAPER ON BFO AND PSO BASED MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM | J4RV4I1015Journal For Research
Recommendation system plays important role in Internet world and used in many applications. It has created the collection of many application, created global village and growth for numerous information. This paper represents the overview of Approaches and techniques generated in recommendation system. Recommendation system is categorized in three classes: Collaborative Filtering, Content based and hybrid based Approach. This paper classifies collaborative filtering in two types: Memory based and Model based Recommendation .The paper elaborates these approaches and their techniques with their limitations. The result of our system provides much better recommendations to users because it enables the users to understand the relation between their emotional states and the recommended movies.
HCI BASED APPLICATION FOR PLAYING COMPUTER GAMES | J4RV4I1014Journal For Research
This paper describes a command interface for games based on hand gestures and voice command defined by postures, movement and location. The system uses computer vision requiring no sensors or markers by the user. In voice command the speech recognizer, recognize the input from the user. It stores and passes command to the game, action takes place. We propose a simple architecture for performing real time colour detection and motion tracking using a webcam. The next step is to track the motion of the specified colours and the resulting actions are given as input commands to the system. We specify blue colour for motion tracking and green colour for mouse pointer. The speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing a certain word spoken by a particular speaker based on individual information included in speech waves. This application will help in reduction in hardware requirement and can be implemented in other electronic devices also.
A REVIEW ON DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN CHANDRAPUR CITY | J4RV4...Journal For Research
As we know the population of Chandrapur City has increased so far in this years and with that has increased the vehicles causing high traffic volume & rise in pollution. But the transportation system in Chandrapur City is still the same. To reduce the traffic volume & pollution, we have to study & design the new transportation system in Chandrapur City. The system would be as similar to Nagpur City with the implementation of Star City Buses. In this Study we would first compare the speed of various vehicles. Collection of population details of Chandrapur City, approximate number of vehicles running on road, collection of data with respect to Ticket fares in Nagpur City- whether it is according to Kilometers or places to be reached, calculation of Ticket Fares for Chandrapur City on the basis data collected. By all these, the best mode of transport in City can be studied. On the basis of above data collected from various respected fields, we will then proceed for the Design part of urban transport system in Chandrapur City. For Design purpose, firstly we have to mark the centre of the City, when the centre is decided; we will then select the Bus Terminus. From centre of the city, we would prefer to select the routes of the Buses. One route will be for the city side like Jatpura Gate, Pathanpura Gate. One route will be for Ballarpur going road. The other one for Mul going road, then next for Nagpur road. We could decide as many routes once we get the clear idea about all data. By getting all this details, the next step is to design the destination points of Buses. Then we have to design about the Bus bays, to reduce congestion in the particular intersections or Stops of bus. After the design also can suggest for Bus lanes. Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT system) is the main aim behind to develop transportation mode of City. The design of the Transport System can be designed with the help of various software’s like AutoCAD and Revit.
A REVIEW ON LIFTING AND ASSEMBLY OF ROTARY KILN TYRE WITH SHELL BY FLEXIBLE G...Journal For Research
Heavy kiln tyre Lifting, rigging and assembly with kiln shell is done manually by use of heavy crane and labour. This traditional technique is not safe. The challenge is find out solution for ease the process and cost effective because of limitations of the rigging system, erection area, can be managed safely by the kiln tyre suspender equipped by jaws and suspender beam. This review paper deals with the study and analysis of different papers which are deals with different lifting, gripping and installation techniques and other aspects analysis with software, experimentation and optimization etc.
LABORATORY STUDY OF STRONG, MODERATE AND WEAK SANDSTONES | J4RV4I1012Journal For Research
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SURVEY ON A MODERN MEDICARE SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS | J4RV3I12024Journal For Research
Since the population of the world is aging rapidly, how to provide appropriate health care to the elderly and unwell people becomes an important issue and draws high attention from medical, academic and industrial fields of the society. The Internet of Things (IoT) drives the evolution of the Internet and is regarded as a great potential to improve quality of life for the surging number of elderly people, significantly. As Android operating system gains immense popularity nowadays, it is a trend to make use of it for the wider access of IoT utility. This project presents a health monitoring system prototype based on IoT, with the increasing use of sensors by medical devices, remote and continuous monitoring of a patient’s health. This network of sensors and other mobile communication devices referred to as the Internet of Things for Medical Devices (IoT-MD), is poised to revolutionize the functioning of the healthcare industry. Untimed medicine administration can always show adverse effects on the health of the patients. The proposed system is designed to help these patients to take the required medicine in the right proportion at the right time. The basic ideology is integrating the principle of IoT with weight-based slot sensing on a normal pillbox. To make it more state-of-the-art, it is inbuilt with a Wi-Fi module for alerting the patient and also the chemist at the needed instant using IoT.
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A REVIEW STUDY ON ACTIVATED CARBON FOR REDUCING POLLUTION
1. Journal for Research | Volume 03| Issue 01 | March 2017
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 47
A Review Study on Activated Carbon for
Reducing Pollution
E.Arun A.Guruprasath
UG Student UG Student
Department of Automobile Engineering Department of Automobile Engineering
RVS Technical Campus-Coimbatore, India RVS Technical Campus-Coimbatore, India
Dr.K.Mylsamy T.KarthikPrabhu
Professor & Head Assistant Professor
Department of Automobile Engineering Department of Automobile Engineering
RVS Technical Campus-Coimbatore, India RVS Technical Campus-Coimbatore, India
Abstract
Air pollution is most important from the public health of view, because every individual person breaths approximately 22000 times
a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 kg of air daily. The main pollutants contribute by automobile are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned
hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. Pollutant removal from combustion gas in both SI&CI is one of the
most widely known environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to guarantee the successful removal of contaminants
and pollutants on activated carbons, the developments of new adsorbents has been increasing in the last few years. This paper is a
systematic study of cleaning SI&CI engine of CO, SO2, NO2 Using activated carbon filter. The combustion gases were qualitative
and quantitative analyzed by gas chromatography. The use of this simple method is a valuable alternative to meet emission
standards in developing countries. It was demonstrated that the agricultural wastes studied here are a feasible alternative for
reducing pollutants in SI & CI engine.
Keywords: UBHC, Activated Carbon
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Agricultural wastes cannot be introduced to the environment in unlimited amounts, especially in case of air pollutants. Different
measures have been taken to limit the pollutant emission. e.g.: Elimination of technological process generating a lot of waste,
introduction of new technology which minimize the contamination etc. If it is not possible to reduce the emission, the waste gas
must be purified.
II. ALTERNATES FOR REDUCING POLLUTION:
Nowadays, the economic condition of developing countries don’t allow that all individuals own a new automotive .It is necessary
to develop alternatives to reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with obsolete engines operation. The best way to
address it is by reducing certain exhaust gas components during fuel combustion. The answer therefore is to look at vehicles as an
integral whole to identify which solution would be more feasible. The three main exhaust emission control strategies can be defined.
They are
Reduction of fuel consumption
Exhaust gas treatment
Performance monitoring
From these three alternatives the second one is currently the more effective for air quality improvements. The main gas treatment
currently used is the catalytic converter. But instead of that we are using the activated carbon filter.
III. PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
Activated carbon products can be characterized by its activity and physical properties. The activity properties include pore size
distribution that defines the available pore volume of a carbon over three pore size region. They are
Micropore region-Less than 100 Angstroms
Mesopore region –Between 100 and 1,000 Angstroms
Macropore region-Greater than 1,000 Angstroms
2. A Review Study on Activated Carbon for Reducing Pollution
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 01 / 010)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 48
Pore size distribution properties are key indicators of a carbons potential performance for removing contaminants .The molecules
encountered in gas phase are generally smaller than those in liquid phase application. Therefore, a gas phase carbon has the majority
of its pores concentrated in the micropore region.
The physical properties of carbon include,
Surface area
Product density
Mesh size
Abrasion number
Ash content etc.
IV. POLLUTANTS MONITORING AT LABORATORY SCALE
There is no known method available in the open literature which is capable of simultaneously determining all components of
combustion gas evaluated here .so the method developed in this work in an innovative alternative for developing countries.
In order to determine the suitability of the obtained adsorbents in the elimination of CO, SO2, No2 and H2S, the pollutants
removal rate was determined.
This system includes among others,
6 cylinder diesel engine
Activated carbon filter
Exhaust gas analyzer device
Computer system for data acquisition and recording.
The methodology used starting with the preparation of the calibration gas sample by injecting known volumes of each of the
four pure gases (CO, S02, NO2, and H2S) and balance nitrogen into adequate gas sampling bag through the bags rubber septum.
One ML of the calibration gas mixture and the combustion gases were analyzed by a GC system. Randomly measure of combustion
gases before and after the purification process was made on a similar manner in order to evaluate the removal rate of the undesirable
pollutants.
V. EXHAUST AIR FILTRATION
Compliance with pollutant limits set by the German technical instruction on air quality control requires exhaust air treatment
through activated carbon in order to fulfil administrative restrictions. During the filtration process, hydrocarbon compounds,
particulate matters are absorbed by activated carbon and leave the exhaust air free of these compounds.
VI. CONCLUSION
Air pollution in India is quite a serious issue with the major sources being fuel wood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle
emission and traffic congestion. In 2005, India adopted emission standard of Bharat
Stage IV for vehicles, which is equivalent to Euro IV. European standards for vehicle emissions. Agricultural wastes studied
here are a feasible alternative for activated carbons preparation for pollutants removal during both SI&CI engine.
The main products feature that make these products feasible for diesel engine emission diminishing are the high adsorption
capacity.
Based on the result obtained, the granular activated carbon studied, produced in large amounts, is fully exploitable for
combustion gases treatment.
The complex composition of the flue gas with SO2, CO, NO2 and H2S can be successfully analyzed with good compound
separation and repeatability.
This method used in this investigation would be also be suitable for combustion toxicology researches and could possibly be
easily modified to analyze these gases when they are liberated from biological sources.
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