Here the reviewers tried to follow up differentiate implementation on raw herbal products for the treatment of Diabetic patient collected from home yard ground.
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...Ujjwal Mandal
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
This document outlines the scope of pharmacognosy, which is defined as the scientific study of crude drugs from plant, animal, and mineral sources. Pharmacognosy has broad applications including isolation and analysis of phytochemicals, structure-activity relationship studies, development of drugs from natural products, use of natural products as models for new drugs, cultivation and processing of medicinal plants, and investigation of biosynthetic pathways. Pharmacognosy provides important links between pharmaceutical science and basic sciences as well as between modern and traditional medicine systems.
This document provides information on the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), including its nomenclature, biological source, cultivation, collection, macroscopic and microscopic properties, chemical constituents, pharmacological uses, and commercial applications. Key points include: neem has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and has a wide range of medicinal properties; it is native to India and parts of Southeast Asia; and extracts from neem leaves, bark, and seeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic and other pharmacological effects.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which studies the relationship between societies and plants. It provides examples of traditional medicine systems in Asia that incorporate extensive knowledge of herbal medicines, including Ayurveda (India), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tibetan medicine, and Unani medicine. The document notes that ethnobotany is important for the conservation of medicinal plant resources and community development. It discusses specific ethnobotanical studies conducted in India, China, and Northeast India to document traditional knowledge and its application to sustainable management of medicinal plant resources.
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...Ujjwal Mandal
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
This document outlines the scope of pharmacognosy, which is defined as the scientific study of crude drugs from plant, animal, and mineral sources. Pharmacognosy has broad applications including isolation and analysis of phytochemicals, structure-activity relationship studies, development of drugs from natural products, use of natural products as models for new drugs, cultivation and processing of medicinal plants, and investigation of biosynthetic pathways. Pharmacognosy provides important links between pharmaceutical science and basic sciences as well as between modern and traditional medicine systems.
This document provides information on the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), including its nomenclature, biological source, cultivation, collection, macroscopic and microscopic properties, chemical constituents, pharmacological uses, and commercial applications. Key points include: neem has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and has a wide range of medicinal properties; it is native to India and parts of Southeast Asia; and extracts from neem leaves, bark, and seeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic and other pharmacological effects.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which studies the relationship between societies and plants. It provides examples of traditional medicine systems in Asia that incorporate extensive knowledge of herbal medicines, including Ayurveda (India), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tibetan medicine, and Unani medicine. The document notes that ethnobotany is important for the conservation of medicinal plant resources and community development. It discusses specific ethnobotanical studies conducted in India, China, and Northeast India to document traditional knowledge and its application to sustainable management of medicinal plant resources.
Ashwagandha is one of the most common herb which is used in several products. So in this ppt we are going to share the important health benefits of ashwagandha with which one can use ashwagandha properly. In order to get best usage of ashwagandha then follow the tips as mentioned in Ppt.
Punarnava is a controversial plant. I mention some important parts of it. Punarnava has different types of variety and origin. Punarnava is the best plant for rejuvenation.
This document discusses the nervous system drug Aswagandha (Withania somnifera). It describes the plant's cultivation, morphological characteristics of the root including color and size, and chemical constituents including steroidal alkaloids and lactones. The summary also notes that Aswagandha has sedative, immune-modulating, and anti-stress effects and is used to treat rheumatism, gout, and skin diseases.
This document discusses various methods of classifying crude drugs, including alphabetical, taxonomic, morphological, chemical, pharmacological, chemotaxonomic, and serotaxonomic classification. Each method is described along with its advantages and disadvantages. Alphabetical classification arranges drugs by name, while taxonomic classification is based on the biological classification of plants. Morphological classification groups drugs based on the plant part used. Chemical and pharmacological classification consider the active chemical constituents and therapeutic effects. Chemotaxonomic and serotaxonomic classification examine chemical similarities and antigen-antibody reactions between taxa.
This document provides an introduction to the subject of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of crude drugs from plant, animal, and marine sources. The document outlines the history and development of pharmacognosy over time with contributions from scientists since ancient times. It describes the scope of pharmacognosy, including understanding drug actions, formulating products, isolating phytochemicals, and more. The types of crude drugs are categorized as organized (containing tissues) or unorganized. Sources of crude drugs are discussed, including various plant parts, animals, marine organisms, and tissue culture techniques.
Ginseng is a perennial plant with fleshy roots belonging to the genus Panax. The two most common varieties are Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Ginseng grows wild in northeast Asia and North America. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various conditions like erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular issues, cancer, and weight control. The active compounds in ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. Common side effects of ginseng include insomnia, diarrhea, and skin rashes if taken in excessive amounts.
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Medicinal plants are used as a source of drugs for treating human and livestock health issues. In Bangladesh, around 500 plant species have been identified as medicinal plants and 400 herbal factories produce Ayurvedic, Unani, and homeopathic medicines from these plants. The document then discusses several common medicinal plants found in Bangladesh, including their botanical features, parts used, and therapeutic properties. It notes that medicinal plants constitute an important natural resource and play a significant role in primary healthcare while also benefiting local economies.
The document discusses the conservation of medicinal plants. It notes that medicinal plants play an important role in healthcare in developing countries but their biodiversity is being depleted. The Institute of Biodiversity Conservation has initiated a project on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants to address this issue. There are two main methods of conserving plant genetic resources: in-situ conservation, which involves conservation in the native habitat, and ex-situ conservation, which involves conservation outside the native habitat. Cryopreservation, defined as the viable freezing of biological material at ultra-low temperatures using liquid nitrogen, is an effective technique for conserving plant genetic resources that are difficult to conserve through traditional seed storage methods.
n Ayurveda, withania is widely claimed to have potent aphrodisiac, sedative, rejuvenative and life prolonging properties. It is also used as a general energy-enhancing tonic known as Medharasayana, which means 'that which promotes learning and a good memory' and in geriatric problems.
This document summarizes information about Coriandrum Sativum L., commonly known as coriander or cilantro. It contains essential oils such as linalool and fatty oils like oleic acid. Coriander has various pharmacological actions including being aromatic, anti-arthritic, stimulating digestive secretions, and being anti-ulcer, anti-lipidemic, anti-spasmodic, and more. The daily dose is 1-3 grams of powdered seeds or a freshly prepared cup of infusion between meals. Overdose may cause liver damage and skin sensitivity. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.
This document discusses various dosage forms for herbal medicinal products, including decoctions, tinctures, glycerites, alcoholic beverages, oxymels, capsules, tablets, ointments, creams, oils, soaps, pastes, teas, powders, suppositories, liniments, baths and lozenges. Each dosage form is described in terms of how it is prepared, what plant materials it uses, how it is administered and considerations for stability. The document emphasizes that categorizing herbal products into dosage forms helps define quality control and stability testing protocols. It concludes that herbal drug preparation plays an important role in the herbal drug industry and that safety measures like clinical trials are important
This document discusses the importance of medicinal and aromatic plants to economies and healthcare. It notes that ancient civilizations relied predominantly on plant-based medicines and traditional systems like Ayurveda referenced medicinal plant use dating back thousands of years. Currently, about 80% of people in developing countries use traditional plant medicines. The document then outlines various plant-based industries and institutions in India and lists key medicinal plants like poppy, ergot, cinchona, ipecac, aloe, and senna along with their active constituents and uses.
This document discusses medicinal plants and their uses. It provides examples of several common medicinal plants found in India such as tulsi, neem, phyllanthus niruri, and hibiscus and describes their medicinal properties and the parts of the plants used. Some key benefits of medicinal plants discussed are that they are often less expensive than prescription drugs, may have fewer side effects, and can be used in various forms like teas. The document concludes by stating that medicinal plants can be good alternatives for many diseases but should be used carefully and it is best to consult a professional when using them for serious conditions.
This document discusses the herbal medicine lavender. It notes that lavender has constituents like linalool and linalyl acetate that have sedative, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Some of lavender's actions include being sedative, anxiolytic, pain relieving, antiseptic, and wound healing. The document outlines lavender's uses for conditions like insomnia, anxiety, pain, infections, and more. It also discusses lavender's mechanisms of action, dosing methods like oral capsules and diffusers, and Egyptian pharmaceutical products containing lavender.
India is known for its traditional medicinal systems—Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Medical systems are found mentioned even in the ancient Vedas and other scriptures. The Ayurvedic concept appeared and developed between 2500 and 500 BC in India Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.Alternative medicines are being used by about 60 percent of the world's population. These medicines are not only used by the rural masses for their primary health care in developing countries but are also used in developed countries where modern medicines dominate.India is the largest producer of medicinal plants. There are currently about 250,000 registered medical practitioners of the Ayurvedic system, as compared to about 700,000 of the modern medicine. In India, around 20,000 medicinal plants have been recorded; however, traditional practitioners use only 7,000–7,500 plants for curing different diseases. The proportion of use of plants in the different Indian systems of medicine is Ayurveda 2000, Siddha 1300, Unani 1000, Homeopathy 800, Tibetan 500, Modern 200, and folk 4500. In India, around 25,000 effective plant-based formulations are used in traditional and folk medicine. More than 1.5 million practitioners are using the traditional medicinal system for health care in India.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It includes the isolation and analysis of phytochemicals from plants, studying the structure-activity relationships of compounds, using natural products as models for synthesizing new drugs, and investigating drugs used in traditional medicine. Some key areas are the isolation of active substances from plants, relating chemical structures to pharmacological effects, producing drugs through partial synthesis or biosynthesis of natural precursors, and exploring natural products' roles in drug discovery.
The document provides information about several medicinal plants including their binomial names, taxonomic classifications, descriptions, and key uses. It discusses Aloe Vera, describing its appearance and uses in herbal medicine, cosmetics and skin treatments. It also outlines information about Cloves, Eucalyptus, Neem, Holy Basil, and Turmeric, noting their botanical classifications and traditional uses in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine to treat various health conditions.
Roll of pharmacognosy in traditional system of medicineMegha Shah
This document discusses the role of pharmacognosy in various traditional medicine systems including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and allopathy. It provides an overview of each system and explains how pharmacognosy plays an important role in the development and standardization of herbal medicines used in the formulations of each traditional system. Pharmacognosy is involved in the identification, authentication, and quality control of medicinal plants used as the basis for many medicines within these traditional systems.
The document discusses a study on Acalypha indica, a plant used in traditional medicine. The study aimed to determine the preliminary phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of different extracts from the plant's leaves and stems. Methanolic extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins which may contribute to its antimicrobial properties. The results suggest Acalypha indica may be a potential source of natural compounds to develop treatments for drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
Ashwagandha is one of the most common herb which is used in several products. So in this ppt we are going to share the important health benefits of ashwagandha with which one can use ashwagandha properly. In order to get best usage of ashwagandha then follow the tips as mentioned in Ppt.
Punarnava is a controversial plant. I mention some important parts of it. Punarnava has different types of variety and origin. Punarnava is the best plant for rejuvenation.
This document discusses the nervous system drug Aswagandha (Withania somnifera). It describes the plant's cultivation, morphological characteristics of the root including color and size, and chemical constituents including steroidal alkaloids and lactones. The summary also notes that Aswagandha has sedative, immune-modulating, and anti-stress effects and is used to treat rheumatism, gout, and skin diseases.
This document discusses various methods of classifying crude drugs, including alphabetical, taxonomic, morphological, chemical, pharmacological, chemotaxonomic, and serotaxonomic classification. Each method is described along with its advantages and disadvantages. Alphabetical classification arranges drugs by name, while taxonomic classification is based on the biological classification of plants. Morphological classification groups drugs based on the plant part used. Chemical and pharmacological classification consider the active chemical constituents and therapeutic effects. Chemotaxonomic and serotaxonomic classification examine chemical similarities and antigen-antibody reactions between taxa.
This document provides an introduction to the subject of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of crude drugs from plant, animal, and marine sources. The document outlines the history and development of pharmacognosy over time with contributions from scientists since ancient times. It describes the scope of pharmacognosy, including understanding drug actions, formulating products, isolating phytochemicals, and more. The types of crude drugs are categorized as organized (containing tissues) or unorganized. Sources of crude drugs are discussed, including various plant parts, animals, marine organisms, and tissue culture techniques.
Ginseng is a perennial plant with fleshy roots belonging to the genus Panax. The two most common varieties are Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Ginseng grows wild in northeast Asia and North America. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various conditions like erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular issues, cancer, and weight control. The active compounds in ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. Common side effects of ginseng include insomnia, diarrhea, and skin rashes if taken in excessive amounts.
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Medicinal plants are used as a source of drugs for treating human and livestock health issues. In Bangladesh, around 500 plant species have been identified as medicinal plants and 400 herbal factories produce Ayurvedic, Unani, and homeopathic medicines from these plants. The document then discusses several common medicinal plants found in Bangladesh, including their botanical features, parts used, and therapeutic properties. It notes that medicinal plants constitute an important natural resource and play a significant role in primary healthcare while also benefiting local economies.
The document discusses the conservation of medicinal plants. It notes that medicinal plants play an important role in healthcare in developing countries but their biodiversity is being depleted. The Institute of Biodiversity Conservation has initiated a project on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants to address this issue. There are two main methods of conserving plant genetic resources: in-situ conservation, which involves conservation in the native habitat, and ex-situ conservation, which involves conservation outside the native habitat. Cryopreservation, defined as the viable freezing of biological material at ultra-low temperatures using liquid nitrogen, is an effective technique for conserving plant genetic resources that are difficult to conserve through traditional seed storage methods.
n Ayurveda, withania is widely claimed to have potent aphrodisiac, sedative, rejuvenative and life prolonging properties. It is also used as a general energy-enhancing tonic known as Medharasayana, which means 'that which promotes learning and a good memory' and in geriatric problems.
This document summarizes information about Coriandrum Sativum L., commonly known as coriander or cilantro. It contains essential oils such as linalool and fatty oils like oleic acid. Coriander has various pharmacological actions including being aromatic, anti-arthritic, stimulating digestive secretions, and being anti-ulcer, anti-lipidemic, anti-spasmodic, and more. The daily dose is 1-3 grams of powdered seeds or a freshly prepared cup of infusion between meals. Overdose may cause liver damage and skin sensitivity. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.
This document discusses various dosage forms for herbal medicinal products, including decoctions, tinctures, glycerites, alcoholic beverages, oxymels, capsules, tablets, ointments, creams, oils, soaps, pastes, teas, powders, suppositories, liniments, baths and lozenges. Each dosage form is described in terms of how it is prepared, what plant materials it uses, how it is administered and considerations for stability. The document emphasizes that categorizing herbal products into dosage forms helps define quality control and stability testing protocols. It concludes that herbal drug preparation plays an important role in the herbal drug industry and that safety measures like clinical trials are important
This document discusses the importance of medicinal and aromatic plants to economies and healthcare. It notes that ancient civilizations relied predominantly on plant-based medicines and traditional systems like Ayurveda referenced medicinal plant use dating back thousands of years. Currently, about 80% of people in developing countries use traditional plant medicines. The document then outlines various plant-based industries and institutions in India and lists key medicinal plants like poppy, ergot, cinchona, ipecac, aloe, and senna along with their active constituents and uses.
This document discusses medicinal plants and their uses. It provides examples of several common medicinal plants found in India such as tulsi, neem, phyllanthus niruri, and hibiscus and describes their medicinal properties and the parts of the plants used. Some key benefits of medicinal plants discussed are that they are often less expensive than prescription drugs, may have fewer side effects, and can be used in various forms like teas. The document concludes by stating that medicinal plants can be good alternatives for many diseases but should be used carefully and it is best to consult a professional when using them for serious conditions.
This document discusses the herbal medicine lavender. It notes that lavender has constituents like linalool and linalyl acetate that have sedative, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Some of lavender's actions include being sedative, anxiolytic, pain relieving, antiseptic, and wound healing. The document outlines lavender's uses for conditions like insomnia, anxiety, pain, infections, and more. It also discusses lavender's mechanisms of action, dosing methods like oral capsules and diffusers, and Egyptian pharmaceutical products containing lavender.
India is known for its traditional medicinal systems—Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Medical systems are found mentioned even in the ancient Vedas and other scriptures. The Ayurvedic concept appeared and developed between 2500 and 500 BC in India Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.Alternative medicines are being used by about 60 percent of the world's population. These medicines are not only used by the rural masses for their primary health care in developing countries but are also used in developed countries where modern medicines dominate.India is the largest producer of medicinal plants. There are currently about 250,000 registered medical practitioners of the Ayurvedic system, as compared to about 700,000 of the modern medicine. In India, around 20,000 medicinal plants have been recorded; however, traditional practitioners use only 7,000–7,500 plants for curing different diseases. The proportion of use of plants in the different Indian systems of medicine is Ayurveda 2000, Siddha 1300, Unani 1000, Homeopathy 800, Tibetan 500, Modern 200, and folk 4500. In India, around 25,000 effective plant-based formulations are used in traditional and folk medicine. More than 1.5 million practitioners are using the traditional medicinal system for health care in India.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. It includes the isolation and analysis of phytochemicals from plants, studying the structure-activity relationships of compounds, using natural products as models for synthesizing new drugs, and investigating drugs used in traditional medicine. Some key areas are the isolation of active substances from plants, relating chemical structures to pharmacological effects, producing drugs through partial synthesis or biosynthesis of natural precursors, and exploring natural products' roles in drug discovery.
The document provides information about several medicinal plants including their binomial names, taxonomic classifications, descriptions, and key uses. It discusses Aloe Vera, describing its appearance and uses in herbal medicine, cosmetics and skin treatments. It also outlines information about Cloves, Eucalyptus, Neem, Holy Basil, and Turmeric, noting their botanical classifications and traditional uses in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine to treat various health conditions.
Roll of pharmacognosy in traditional system of medicineMegha Shah
This document discusses the role of pharmacognosy in various traditional medicine systems including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and allopathy. It provides an overview of each system and explains how pharmacognosy plays an important role in the development and standardization of herbal medicines used in the formulations of each traditional system. Pharmacognosy is involved in the identification, authentication, and quality control of medicinal plants used as the basis for many medicines within these traditional systems.
The document discusses a study on Acalypha indica, a plant used in traditional medicine. The study aimed to determine the preliminary phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of different extracts from the plant's leaves and stems. Methanolic extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins which may contribute to its antimicrobial properties. The results suggest Acalypha indica may be a potential source of natural compounds to develop treatments for drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Phytochemical characterization & antimicrobial assay of some indigenous ...PRITAM AON
Phytochemical screening refers to the extraction, screening and identification of the medicinally active substances found in plants. Some of the bioactive substances that can be derived from plants are flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, tannin, antioxidants and phenolic compounds.
DNA barcoding allows identification of medicinal plant species in Antigua and Barbuda to monitor populations and support conservation efforts. Researchers collected 19 medicinal plant samples on Signal Hill, the second highest point in Antigua, and identified 11 species through DNA sequencing, including lemon grass, wire weed, red psychotria, hitch hikers, scutia myrtina, and partridge pea. DNA barcoding is a useful tool for conservation of medicinal plants used by local communities.
cancer becoming major death reason throughout the world. modern medicne is not upto mark in treating cancer because of drug resistance and many side effects. there is necessary for multi target drug therapy with less side efffects which can be only possible through ayurveda through proper research. we have identified multi target drug therapy either by single plant derivatives or by combination of synergistic plant derivatives to target different pathways of cancer cell progression at a time. tinosporin berberibe , curcumin, ellagic acid , and other derivatives derived from same herbs like essential oil, bhasma of same herb and other derivatives combined together in dose dependent ratio has shown good activity against cancer cell progression and survival
This document summarizes a student project on the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Acalypha fruticosa. The student investigated the plant's traditional use as medicine, extracted compounds from its leaves, conducted phytochemical analysis to identify alkaloids and other compounds, and tested the extract against several bacteria and a fungus using the disc diffusion method. The extract showed antimicrobial activity. The student concluded the plant may be a potential source of antimicrobial drugs and its extracts could be used to destroy pathogenic organisms and treat diseases.
Phytochemical, cytotoxic, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-microbial investigati...IOSR Journals
Zizyphus rugosa Lam. (Family: Rhamnaceae), locally known as “Bon Boroi” or as “Jongli Boroi” in Bangladesh generally found as a herb on the hills in bunches on thorny branches of the Zizyphus rugosa trees. Its bark and wood are used medicinally for dysentery in China, India, Laos, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Phytochemical screening of the Leaf extract of Zizyphus rugosa Lam showed different phytoconstituents including carbohydrates (monosaccharides, reducing and mixed-reducing sugars), alkaloid, glycosides, steroids, tannins and saponin. No flavonoid was detected. In DPPH and NO radical scavenging methods, IC50 was moderately satisfactory. IC50 was found 179.713μg/ml and 769.909μg/ml respectively compare with the reference ascorbic acid (15.707μg/ml and 82.642μg/ml respectively). In LPO (Lipid peroxidation) assay the Leaf fraction extract showed moderate inhibition potentiality (IC50 402.835μg/ml) in comparison to standard drug BHT (IC50 32.94μg/ml). In CUPRAC assays, the fraction was found to possess low Total antioxidant content, good flavonoid, and moderate amounts of phenolics, tannin and alkaloid content. The Leaf fraction extract was found to show good toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii, (LC50 212.402μg/ml & LC90 10715.91μg/ml) compare with the reference anticancer drug vincristine sulphate (LC50 2.47μg/ml & LC90 42μg/ml). In the antimicrobial study the fraction showed moderate activity against only one bacterium (Shiggla sonni) while the standard drug Chloramphenicol showed very good zone of inhibition against all five types (Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Shiggla sonni, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella grb) of bacteria. These findings provide scientific basis for the use of Zizyphus rugosa Lam. leaf ethanolic extract in traditional medicine in the treatment of aforementioned diseases. The plant also possesses moderate antimicrobial activity, good cytotoxic and good to moderate antioxidant activity.
Estimation of flavonoid lantana camara linn verbenaceaepharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that estimated the flavonoid, phenolic content, and free radical scavenging activity of fresh unripe fruits of Lantana camara using different extraction methods. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were highest in extracts produced using microwave extraction. Microwave extraction also produced the highest yield of extract. All extracts showed free radical scavenging activity, with microwave extracts again showing the most potent activity. The study concluded the fresh unripe fruits contain antioxidant compounds that may be beneficial for treating diseases related to oxidative stress.
A study of the antimicrobial potency of adenia cissampeloidesAlexander Decker
This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of extracts from Adenia cissampeloides against bacteria and fungi. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves and stems were tested against microorganisms. The stem extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration tests determined that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and other test microbes. Overall, the results demonstrated that A. cissampeloides extracts have antimicrobial and antifungal properties with varying effectiveness against the pathogens tested.
A study of the antimicrobial potency of adenia cissampeloidesAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of extracts from Adenia cissampeloides against bacteria and fungi. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves and stem were tested against 2 gram-negative bacteria, 1 gram-positive bacteria, and 2 fungi species. The stem extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while the extracts demonstrated antifungal effects against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical analysis revealed various compounds in the extracts that may contribute to their antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
This document reviews medicinal plants with hypolipidemic (lowering lipid levels) activity. It discusses 101 plant species from different regions of the world, including mainly India. For each plant, it provides the botanical name, family, part used, dose given, and references. The review focuses on the botanical sources, phytochemistry, therapeutic uses, and potential pharmacological effects of these plants. It concludes that these plants show promise as hypolipidemic agents and further research is needed to define their pharmacological effects and active constituents.
The document analyzes the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) extracts from different plant parts. Testing found saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols in stem, root, and flower extracts with the highest flavonoid concentration in flowers. Quantitative analysis found the highest extract percentages in water and methanol were stems at 21% and 18%, roots at 22% and 17.8%, and flowers at 19% and 16% respectively. The study aims to validate traditional medicinal uses of T. officinale and isolate bioactive compounds for potential drug development.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Jasminum Officinaleiosrjce
Jasminum officinale used as a urinary anti-infective in folk medicine. To validate this use, the in
vitro anti-bacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of different parts( flowers, stems plus leaves and roots) of
J.officinale growing in local gardens was evaluated against four reference bacteria by broth dilution assay and
agar diffusion assay. The MIC value of the ethanolic extracts of flowers and stems plus leaves against all
bacteria was 2 mg/mL and the MIC value of roots against S. aureus, E.faecalis and E. coli was 4 mg/mL and
the MIC value of roots against P. aeruginosa was 2 mg/mL. In agar diffusion assay, the ethanolic extracts of all
parts of the plant showed considerable activity against all bacteria.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
A Preliminary Study on Phytochemical Screening of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorb...ijtsrd
Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of Aqueous extracts of three selected plant Boerhaavia diffusa, Euphorbia hirta and Amaranthus polygonoides. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, Steroids, phenols, tannin and carbohydrates in Boerhaavia diffusa and Euphorbia hirta where as in Amaranthus polygon ides many phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, Steroids, terpenoids, phenols, saponin, tannin and carbohydrates were present. Antioxidants are the compounds which terminate the attack of reactive species and reduce the risk of diseases. The free radicals oxidants are species with very short half life, high reactivity and damaging activity towards macromolecules like proteins, DNA and lipids. The results of antioxidant activity of three aqueous extract showed maximum activity in different concentration of 50, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg ml. The percent inhibition of aqueous extract of Boerhavia diffusa , Euphorbia hirta , Amaranthus polygonoides was 176.15, 404.78 and 413.06 respectively. In the present work potent anti oxidant activity of aqueous extract of Boerhaavia diffusa was higher when compared to other two extracts. The present study revealed that the plant extract possessed good antioxidant activity and less quantity of toxic metals, which therefore can be used as a natural source of free radical scavenger. However, further study needs to be carried out to know its mode of action. R. Ezhilarasi | Dr. B. Senthilkumar | Dr. K. Devi "A Preliminary Study on Phytochemical Screening of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorbia Hirta and Amaranthus Polygonoides" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29435.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/29435/a-preliminary-study-on-phytochemical-screening-of-boerhaavia-diffusa-euphorbia-hirta-and-amaranthus-polygonoides/r-ezhilarasi
Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extracts of Abutilon Indicum Linn. for Antifungal...ijtsrd
Weeds are important plants and play an significant role in the field of medicine. Weeds are useless by the view of economy but many plants shows antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungi. In present study the Abutilon indicum a weed plant is evaluated for its antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi. The effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaf and root of Abutilon indicum were applied against Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma korigii, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp.The extract were applied at 100 g ml 300 g ml and 500 g ml. on the fungi and the inhibition has been recorded as the diameter of mycelial growth using well diffusion method. The ethanolic leaf extract showed excellent antimycotic activity as compared to aqueous extract. Compared with control the plant extra performed better at 300 g ml. in fungi culture plates and give promising results by significantly reducing the mycelial growth. Harjinder Singh | Shyam Singh "Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extracts of Abutilon Indicum Linn. for Antifungal Activity against Some. Pathogenic Fungi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51839.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51839/evaluation-of-leaf-and-root-extracts-of-abutilon-indicum-linn-for-antifungal-activity-against-some-pathogenic-fungi/harjinder-singh
This document summarizes a study that investigated the phytochemical composition, cytotoxic, and hypoglycemic effects of methanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis (orange) peel. Phytochemical screening of the peel extract revealed the presence of bioactive compounds like flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. In a brine shrimp lethality test, the peel extract showed minimum lethal effects compared to the standard drug. In glucose-induced diabetic mice, both 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg doses of the peel extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels after 120 minutes, demonstrating anti-hyperglycemic activity. The study suggests the orange peel extract has hypoglycemic properties and relatively low
Phytochemical studies on selected medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre.researchplantsciences
Gymnema sylvestre R. (Br).(Asclepiadaceae) is a common medicinal plant available in Tamil Nadu is a woody, climbing plant that grows in the tropical forest of central and Southern India. It also happens to be a first-rate warrior against diabetes. The plant is called Gud-mar (Gud-Jaggery, mar-kills) in India and well known for masking sweet taste. It is reported to be effective against many chronic diseases is screened for its phytochemical content, microbial activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Extracts (Alcoholic, aqueous, acetone and hexane) from the plant is prepared and analyzed. Qualitative phytochemical tests are done to detect the presence of Carbohydrate, Alkaloid, Tannins, Phenols, Saponins, Fixed oils, Gums and Mucilage. Quantitative methods like phytochemical analysis, gravimetric estimation, RBC membrane stabilization and TLC profiles are used to determine the active principle Gymnemic acid, anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the leaf extracts studied contain the bio active compounds phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and Gymnemic acid. Water extract of normal var. had positive reaction for carbohydrate (Molisch reagent) hairy var. leaves had negative reaction. The presence of active phytochemical substances with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities may provide substantial basis for the use of this plant in ethno medicine.
Article Citation:
Gnana Sangeetha D and Jegadeesan M.
Phytochemical studies on selected medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2012) 1(1): 077-082.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0027.pdf
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1. Research augmented by:
Dr. Avra Pratim Chowdhury
Ph.D. Research Scholar
Gauhati University, Assam, India.
Research sites: Chittagong ,
Bangladesh.
Duration : 23 rd March to 18th November, 2015
Research Guide:
DR. Raja Chakrabarti
DR. Sukanta Sen
Dept. of Pharmacy,
Assam down town University.
2. RESEARCH
BACK GROUND
Abstract
Bangladesh is a land of tropical forests and boggy
jungle. As boasted with floral genetically plantation
of herbs made it an excellent source of medicinal
plants. The modern analysis of herbal plants
designed with highly esteemed source of medicine to
treat Diabetes mellitus. On these consequences the
researcher (Chowdhury AP1 et.al) illustrated the local
application of raw medicinal products of herbs as a
remedy of controlling diabetes.Herbal practitioner in
Bangladesh both registered and nonregistered
traditionally use some of the herbal plants and active
chemical constituents which have a role in the
management of Diabetes including type 1 and type
2. The research protocols is subjected as local
implementation of home yard medicinal plant to
control diabetes in a minimal cost reviewing for its
anti diabetic activity without side effects.
Screening of different
plant extracts isolating
new bioactive compounds
for the discovery of
available home yard herbal
anti diabetic drugs.
Here the reviewers tried to
follow up differentiate
implementation on raw
herbal products for the
treatment of Diabetic
patient collected from
home yard ground.
Purpose of the Study
3. Aims :
The research is signified on inconsideration of growing part of ethno
botanical application in comfortless and effective ways to practice
medicine for diabetic treatment with home yard source.
Objectives:
Objectives:
To consider home yard medicinal plants as performing
potent candidates with pharmaceutical synthetic oral
medicines
Detailed study is required concerning more areas,
increasing more sampling sites and their numbers
for better growth of home yard medicinal plants.
As most of the plants constituents are able to produce toxins, it is necessary to
monitor strictly medicinal products and then certify them for Diabetic patients.
Ocimum sanctum
4. Collection of Authentication:
The plants were used in this study, collected from the stand
at the courtyard around the Dean’s office, Botanical
garden, Home yard garden of ayurvedic doctor and
Faculty of Biological Sciences at University of Chittagong.
The specimens were authenticated by Dr. Shaikh
Bokhtear Uddin, a botanist in the Department of Botany,
University of Chittagong.
Field Survey:
A total of twenty Herbal practitioners have been interviewed. They
have age group between 35-50.In this contrary approaching honored
by at least 10 to 25 years experience.
So following nine practitioners were selected for their logical
arguments and also for effective prescriber.
6. A total of twenty Herbal
practitioners have been
interviewed. They have
age group between 35-
50.In this contrary
approaching honored by
at least 10 to 25 years
experience.
So following nine
practitioners were
selected for their logical
arguments and also for
effective prescriber.
37 %
LEAVES
17% ENTIRE
PLANTS
16% SEED
14%
FRUIT
6%
FL
4%
BULB
6%
BR
1 2
3 4
5 6
7
Fig 1: Analysis of remedies obtained from different plant parts for Diabetes
Mellitus
1. L - Leaves, 2. EP - Entire plant, 3. S - Seed, 4. F - Fruit, 5. FL - Flower, 6.
B - Bulb,
7. BR – Bark.
SURVEY ON HERBAL
PRACTITIONER
7. Plants Used. Mode of application
Aloe barbadensis
(Aloe vera),
Leaves Grinding in juice and used
as syrup.
Once daily up to one
year.
Allium cepa: (onion) Root crops
Bulbs, stem, tops.
Grinding in juice and used
as pulpy syrup.
Two times daily up
to one year
Allium sativum: (garlic) Root crops Bulbs, stem, tops Grinding in juice and used
as pulpy syrup.
Two times daily up
to one year.
Azadirachta indica: (Neem), Leaves
Flowers
Grinding in juice and used
as syrup.
Once daily up to one
year.
Catharanthus roseus (Noyontara) Flowers Grinding in juice and used
as syrup.
Once daily up to six
months
Capparis deciduas (Telakucha), Leaves Grinding in juice then
boiled and used as syrup
Two times daily up
to one year.
Swietenia macrophylla
( Seeds of Mehogone),
Seed Dried and grinding form to
use as powder.
Once daily up to six
months
Momordica charantia: (bitter gourd) Fruit Grinding pulp and its juice. Once daily up to one
year.
Ocimum sanctum:
(holy basil)
Leaves Grinding in juice and used
as syrup.
Once daily up to six
months
Swertia chirayita (Cherotha) Stem and Bark Dried and wet. Once daily up to six
months
Trigonellafoenum graecum:
(fenugreek)
Seed Dried and grinding form to
use as powder
Once daily up to one
year.
Syzygium cumini:
(Black berry)
Fruit Dried and grinding form to
use as powder
Once daily up to one
year.
8. Preparation of Anti Diabetic Suspension:
Saturate solution of Neem leaves (over night): 250 ml
Fenugreek: 20 gm
Alovera gel:10 gm
Seeds of Mehogone: 5 gm
Preparation of Anti Diabetic Suspension by Ayurbedic village doctor Md. Najmul Hasan.
10. Plants name History of curability (%) according to patient registry,
December-February (2015-2016)
Result
(According to patient
registry)
Type 1 Type 2
Aloe barbadensis
(Aloevera)
Total no. 40 , Cure: 26, 65% Total no. 12,Cure: 7, 58.33% 61.67%
Allium sativum (garlic) Total no. 25,Cure: 10, 40% Total no. 14,Cure: 8, 57.14% 48.57%
Allium cepa (onion) Total no. 10,Cure: 7,70% Total no. 8,Cure: 4, 50% 60%
Azadirachta indica (Neem) Total no. 56,Cure: 38, 67. 86% Total no. 44,Cure: 22, 50% 58.93%
Capparis deciduas (Telakucha), Total no. 9,Cure: 6, 66.67% Total no. 4, Cure: 1, 25% 45.84%
Catharanthus roseus (Noyontara) Total no. 39,Cure: 23, 58.97% Total no. 13, Cure: 9, 69.23% 64.10%
Momordica charantia
(Bitter gourd)
Total no. 65, Cure: 46, 70.77% Total no. 38, Cure: 16, 42.10% 56.44%
Swietenia macrophylla
( Seeds of Mehogone)
Total no. 19, Cure: 12, 63.16% Total no. 10, Cure: 6, 60% 61.58%
Ocimum sanctum:
(holy basil)
Total no. 70, Cure: 46, 65.71% Total no. 85, Cure: 66, 77.65% 71.68%
Swertia chirayita (Cherotha) Total no. 122,Cure: 86, 70.49% Total no. 74,Cure: 59,79.73% 75.11%
Syzygium cumini:
(Black berry)
Total no. 15, Cure: 11, 73.33% Total no. 8,Cure: 6, 75% 74.17%
Trigonellafoenum graecum:
(fenugreek)
Total no. 106,Cure: 92, 86.79% Total no. 48,Cure: 32,66.67% 76.73%
ANALYTICAL FINDINGS
11. Draw back:
This medicine should
not be prescribed to
complete insulin
dependent patient.
Best candidates
As regular practice to
control sugar label by
preventive medicine,
Cherotha (75.11%
curability rate) is the
best selection for
practitioner.
A total of 17 species have been found to be
used for the treatment of diabetes in 16 /genera
under six Families and subjected to Herb, shrub, tree, climber.
Significance:
1. To accomplish the research survey continued
with daily assessment of history with specific
isolated plant medicine by respective doctor
to their diabetic patients.
2. Screening of bio remedies effects by the
constituents and active properties of home
yard medicinal plants.
3. Analysis of cost effectiveness of medicinal use
in course of treatment.
FutureTrends:
Bio active compounds will play a significant role in Insulin
uptake at under of Nano technological research on cell
biology.
REVIEW
OF RESEARCH