The document summarizes the aims and policies of the UK's 1998 Transport White Paper. It aimed to reduce CO2 emissions from transport by encouraging alternatives to car usage and more sustainable options. Key targets included reducing emissions 12.5% by 2008-2012 and CO2 from new cars to 120g/km by 2010. While not all targets were fully met, emissions have decreased 24% since 1990 due largely to the White Paper and subsequent EU regulations. The White Paper helped establish the UK's focus on more environmentally friendly transportation.

1. BY
MAC ETELI HAPPINESS .D
AUGUST 2015

3. AIM OF REPORT
 To identify the Objective of the White Paper
 To identify Policies Relating CO2 Emission to the Transport sector
 To Identify Environmental Targets of the Transport White Paper
 To identify the Tools for implementing the White Paper Policy
 To Compare present day statistics With Targets of the Transport White
Paper
 To state a Conclusion on the Influence of the White Paper to modern day
Transport Sector particularly with regards Environmental Sustainability

4. » Climate change is the greatest global environment threat facing the
community
» Climate change threatens unpredictable extremes of weather with more
frequent and intense storms, floods, droughts and rising sea levels.
» In the UK, emissions of CO2 from road transport are the fastest growing
contributor to climate change
» Cars revolutionised standard of living, bringing great flexibility and
widening horizons.
» Restricting Car ownership will appear to be a move into the past
» Cars and vans have the greatest health, financial and environmental
Implications in the UK
» Cars and vans are responsible for close to 50% of CO2 emissions in the UK
transport sector
» Road traffic adds substantially to the local air pollution that damages
health and hastens the death of thousands yearly

6. Passenger travel by Mode from, 1952 and 1996 (Source: Department for
Transport, 2007)

9. UK domestic transport sector CO2 emissions 2005 (Source:
Department for Transport, 2007)

10. Highlighted below are some of the major objectives of the White Paper
» To increase personal choice by improving the alternatives and to secure mobility that is
sustainable in the long term
» To Improve sustainability of the transport sector by reducing the environmental, financial
and social costs of travel habits
» To manage the increasing population and reduce congestion by establishing policies which
improve the standard and management of Public transport systems making them
attractive alternatives to car usage
» To encourage a transport system that efficiently integrates pedestrians, cyclist, cars, vans
and all modes of public transport in the design and construction of the roads.
» To encourage a mutual relationship between the local community, and the private/public
sectors of the economy
» To maintain an efficient standard of road infrastructures, and ultimately reduce the CO2
footprint of the transport sector whilst meeting the social transport demands of the
society.

11.  More and better Buses
 Making it easier to cycle
 Better Railway
 Better choice for motorist
 Good interchange Practice
 Timetable co-ordination and
service Public stability
 Better taxis
 Accessible transport for
disabled people and ease of
access for all
 Streets integrating
Pedestrians, Cyclists and all
forms of motoring
The policies of the white paper are addressed under a few headings including the
following
 Sustainable shipping
 Sustainable Air Freight
 Integrated airports
 Integrated Ports
 Improved Road Safety
 Review of Speed Policy
 Quality residential environments
 Making better use of trunk roads
 More care for the local environment

12. The White Paper Policies regarding the environment aimed to
» reduce greenhouse gases;
» ensure greener, more fuel efficient vehicles through:
˃ better standards and tax incentives;
˃ Cleaner Vehicles Task Force;
» ensure better stewardship of the nation's cultural and environmental
heritage;
» tackle transport noise and new powers to enforce noise controls at
airports.
» reduce road traffic growth;
» minimise transport's demand for land, protect habitats and maintain the
variety of wildlife;
» limit the visual intrusion caused by transport;
» reduce use of non-renewable materials/energy sources;
» ensure that environmental impacts are taken fully into account in
investment decisions and in the price of transport;
» enhance public awareness of transport and environment issues.

13. Key environmental targets of the White Paper are highlighted below;
» To reduce Greenhouse gas emissions to 12.5% below 1990 levels by the
period 2008 to 2012 i.e. to emit not more than 3,412 MtCO2e over the
five year period or below 682.4MtCO2 per year on average.
» A domestic aim to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% by 2010, i.e. from
600MtCO2 in 1990 to 480MtCO2 in 2010.
» To reduce emissions from new cars to an average of 120g per kilometre
before 2010
» EU vehicle and fuel quality standards - to reduce toxic emissions and
noise from new vehicles;

14. The White Paper’s implementation is borne out of the following
» United Kingdom’s collaboration with the European Union
» Merging of the departments of the Environment and Transport;
securing a better integration between both and ensuring a better
land usage
» Establishment of The Commission for integrated Transport (CFIT)
which provided the government with independent advice on;
˃ implementation of the policy,
˃ monitoring developments across the transport sector, the
environment and health sector and
˃ reviewing progress towards main objectives of the policy.

15. Final UK greenhouse gas emissions National statistics 1990-2013 (Source: National Statistic
2015)
GHGe in 1990 approximated 800MtCOe, 2008 to 2010 target was a 12.5%
reduction. Result however showed an average of 605MtCOe over the five year
period which implies a 24% reduction, i.e. EU’s and UK’s target was met.
UK’s domestic target of reducing 1990 CO2 emitted by 20% (From 600 to less than
480MtCO2) in 2010 was met in 2013.
Milliontonne(MtCOe)

16. CO2 emissions of new cars and of entire UK fleet (Source: SMMT 2014)
White Paper’s Target for new car CO2 emission was 120g/km by 2010. Statistics
show that by 2010, average new car emission was at 140g/km. The White
Paper’s Target was not met in this regard. However the preceding target by the
EU of 130g/km between 2012 to 2015 was adequately met by the UK.

17. All credits is not been given to the UK transport white Paper of 1998 as other
legislations have been put in place to assist the transport sector in getting
greener. The following are some of the main drivers in recent times towards a
more environmental sustainable transportation in the UK;
» EU regulation leading to steady improvements in efficiency of
conventional vehicles
˃ Imposing Fines on Manufacturers whose Car CO2 emissions per kilometre are beyond the desired limit
˃ Eco Innovations mechanism
˃ Super Credit Mechanism
» A shift towards diesel cars,
» Incentives provided by the VED regime and other fiscal incentives
» Better-informed consumer choices – labelling, campaigning, trialling,
demonstrating Biofuels.

18. Road Infrastructure at 1997 (Place :
Anonymous)
Leith Walk, Edinburg 2012

20. » The UK transport white paper was very effective in
further sensitising the government and the public on
the effect of travel habits to a sustainable
development. It succeeded in introducing policies and
implemented same to meet desirable targets. It can be
said that not all the targets where met but
considerable objectives have been achieved over the
years and the platform on which recent legislations
(regarding transportation and CO2 emissions) run
cannot be said to have missed the foundation laid by
the UK TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER OF 1998. The UK
Transport white Paper can hence be summarised as a
new deal for transport that integrates the desires and
needs of everyone.

21. REFERENCES
» CEBR 2015 “The future of motoring taxation: A report for The Society of Motor Manufacturers &
Traders (SMMT)” Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd
» Department for Transport, 2007 “Towards a Sustainable Transport System Supporting Economic
Growth in a Low Carbon World” Department for Transport Great Minster House London
» Department for Transport 2010 “Transport Statistics Great Britain” Department for Transport Great
Minster House London Online source available on
http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/modal/passenger/tsgb0101.xls/
» European Commission 2015 “Climate Action” Online Source Available on
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/cars/index_en.htm/ Last visisted on
18/08/2015
» John Prescott 2010 “The Government's White Paper on the Future of Transport: A New deal for
Transport: Better for everyone”. Department for Transport; Available online on
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100513020716/http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/
whitepapers/previous/anewdealfortransportbetterfo5695?page=1#a1000, Visited on 18/08/2015
» National Statistics 2014 “2013 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Provisional Figures and 2012 UK
Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Final Figures by Fuel Type and End-User” Department of Energy and
Climate Change, Crown Publications
» National Statistics 2015 “2013 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Final Figures” National Statistics, Crown
Publications
» Simon Dare’s Blog 2011 “Car emissions are dropping – it’s official!” Online source available on
<https://spuddey.wordpress.com/category/energy/page/10/>. Visited on 18/08/2015
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Manufacturers and Traders
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» Oil-Scarce Future” Transport for Quality of Life, Sustrans 2008.