A new technique proposed with the combination of cryptography and steganography enhanced with new
secure feature for generating a new security system. Cryptography and Steganography are two popular
ways for secure data transmission in which the former distorts a message so it cannot be understood and
another hides a message so it cannot be seen. In cryptography, this system is used advanced encryption
standard (AES) algorithm to encrypt secret message and then these are separated keys; one of which is
used to hide in cover image. In steganography, a part of encrypted message as a key is used to hide in
discrete cosine transform (DCT) of an image which is highly secured. This kind of system is to be
introduced in applications such as transferring secret data that can be authentication of various fields.
Image encryption and decryption using aes algorithmIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article that describes using the AES algorithm to encrypt and decrypt images. It begins with background on AES and its advantages over DES such as larger key sizes. It then describes modifications made to the AES key expansion to improve encryption quality and avalanche effect. The implementation takes an input key, generates expanded keys using a modified key expansion, then encrypts images by applying AES operations to blocks of 16 pixels using the expanded keys. Decryption reverses this process to recover the original image. Results show the encrypted image is secure and decrypts correctly when using the proper key.
The document summarizes a block-based image transformation and encryption algorithm. It divides images into blocks that are rearranged to decrease correlation between pixels. The transformed image is then encrypted with Blowfish. Three cases using different block sizes were tested. Results showed that using smaller blocks decreased correlation and increased entropy, strengthening encryption. The technique enhances security by transforming before encrypting with Blowfish.
The document provides an introduction to image encryption using AES key expansion. It discusses how traditional encryption techniques are not well-suited for encrypting large multimedia files like images due to their size and characteristics. The objective of the study is to develop an image encryption system that is computationally secure, fast enough for real-time use, and widely acceptable. It reviews related works in image encryption and discusses limitations of only using a 128-bit AES key. The document is organized into chapters covering cryptography fundamentals, image cryptosystems, AES algorithm details, an example of AES key expansion, and experimental analysis.
An Advance Approach of Image Encryption using AES, Genetic Algorithm and RSA ...IJEACS
In current scenario the entire world is moving towards digital communication for fast and better communication. But in this a problem rises with security i.e. when we have to store information (either data or image) at any casual location or transmit information through internet. As internet is an open transmission medium, security of data becomes very important. To defend our information from piracy or from hacking we use a technique and i.e. known as Encryption Technique. In this paper, we use image as information and use an advance approach of well-known encryption techniques like AES, Genetic Algorithm, and RSA algorithm to encrypt it and keep our information safe from hackers or intruders making it highly difficult and time consuming to decipher the image without using the key.
The document discusses various topics related to image encryption, including encryption algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, chaos theory, and swarm intelligence. It provides an analysis and comparison of existing image encryption algorithms such as techniques using digital signatures, SCAN-based compression and encryption, and mirror-like scrambling according to a chaotic binary sequence. It also describes encryption methods using double random phase encoding of color images and decomposing images into vectors before applying traditional cryptosystems.
Color Image Encryption and Decryption Using Multiple Chaotic MapsIJTET Journal
Owing to advances in communication technology, a bulk of visual digital data is being stored and transmitted over the internet now-a-days. Particularly millions and millions of images transfer through the network per day as per the statistics and a result, the security of image data is an important requirement. Image encryption algorithm is used to provide this security. In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on confusion diffusion architecture that uses dynamic key space is proposed. An internal key generator is used to generate the initial seeds for the overall encryption scheme is proposed. With these initial seeds logistic map generates pseudo random numbers then these numbers are converted into permutation order for permutation. The diffusion bits are generated in parallel using the logistic map and manipulated with pixels confused. The image pixels are iteratively confused and diffused using permutation order and diffusion bits respectively to produce cipher image in minimum number of rounds. This paper proposes a new kind of initial seed generation that utilizes the combo of logistic and tent maps. Even all external seeds are same. The internal seeds will be totally different. This ensures the key sensitivity. The simulation results and analysis confirm that the satisfactory level of security is achieved in three rounds and overall encryption time is saved.
The document describes a modified AES key expansion algorithm for image encryption and decryption. It discusses basics of cryptography and image encryption. It introduces AES and describes the standard AES key expansion process. It then presents a modified AES key expansion algorithm tailored for images where the keys are expanded based on image pixel count, Rcon values are derived from the initial key, and the S-box is shifted based on the initial key. It analyzes the proposed algorithm and shows it offers high encryption quality with minimal time compared to previous techniques.
Image encryption and decryption using aes algorithmIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article that describes using the AES algorithm to encrypt and decrypt images. It begins with background on AES and its advantages over DES such as larger key sizes. It then describes modifications made to the AES key expansion to improve encryption quality and avalanche effect. The implementation takes an input key, generates expanded keys using a modified key expansion, then encrypts images by applying AES operations to blocks of 16 pixels using the expanded keys. Decryption reverses this process to recover the original image. Results show the encrypted image is secure and decrypts correctly when using the proper key.
The document summarizes a block-based image transformation and encryption algorithm. It divides images into blocks that are rearranged to decrease correlation between pixels. The transformed image is then encrypted with Blowfish. Three cases using different block sizes were tested. Results showed that using smaller blocks decreased correlation and increased entropy, strengthening encryption. The technique enhances security by transforming before encrypting with Blowfish.
The document provides an introduction to image encryption using AES key expansion. It discusses how traditional encryption techniques are not well-suited for encrypting large multimedia files like images due to their size and characteristics. The objective of the study is to develop an image encryption system that is computationally secure, fast enough for real-time use, and widely acceptable. It reviews related works in image encryption and discusses limitations of only using a 128-bit AES key. The document is organized into chapters covering cryptography fundamentals, image cryptosystems, AES algorithm details, an example of AES key expansion, and experimental analysis.
An Advance Approach of Image Encryption using AES, Genetic Algorithm and RSA ...IJEACS
In current scenario the entire world is moving towards digital communication for fast and better communication. But in this a problem rises with security i.e. when we have to store information (either data or image) at any casual location or transmit information through internet. As internet is an open transmission medium, security of data becomes very important. To defend our information from piracy or from hacking we use a technique and i.e. known as Encryption Technique. In this paper, we use image as information and use an advance approach of well-known encryption techniques like AES, Genetic Algorithm, and RSA algorithm to encrypt it and keep our information safe from hackers or intruders making it highly difficult and time consuming to decipher the image without using the key.
The document discusses various topics related to image encryption, including encryption algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, chaos theory, and swarm intelligence. It provides an analysis and comparison of existing image encryption algorithms such as techniques using digital signatures, SCAN-based compression and encryption, and mirror-like scrambling according to a chaotic binary sequence. It also describes encryption methods using double random phase encoding of color images and decomposing images into vectors before applying traditional cryptosystems.
Color Image Encryption and Decryption Using Multiple Chaotic MapsIJTET Journal
Owing to advances in communication technology, a bulk of visual digital data is being stored and transmitted over the internet now-a-days. Particularly millions and millions of images transfer through the network per day as per the statistics and a result, the security of image data is an important requirement. Image encryption algorithm is used to provide this security. In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on confusion diffusion architecture that uses dynamic key space is proposed. An internal key generator is used to generate the initial seeds for the overall encryption scheme is proposed. With these initial seeds logistic map generates pseudo random numbers then these numbers are converted into permutation order for permutation. The diffusion bits are generated in parallel using the logistic map and manipulated with pixels confused. The image pixels are iteratively confused and diffused using permutation order and diffusion bits respectively to produce cipher image in minimum number of rounds. This paper proposes a new kind of initial seed generation that utilizes the combo of logistic and tent maps. Even all external seeds are same. The internal seeds will be totally different. This ensures the key sensitivity. The simulation results and analysis confirm that the satisfactory level of security is achieved in three rounds and overall encryption time is saved.
The document describes a modified AES key expansion algorithm for image encryption and decryption. It discusses basics of cryptography and image encryption. It introduces AES and describes the standard AES key expansion process. It then presents a modified AES key expansion algorithm tailored for images where the keys are expanded based on image pixel count, Rcon values are derived from the initial key, and the S-box is shifted based on the initial key. It analyzes the proposed algorithm and shows it offers high encryption quality with minimal time compared to previous techniques.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High Security Cryptographic Technique Using Steganography and Chaotic Image E...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a proposed cryptographic technique that combines steganography and chaotic image encryption to provide high security. Steganography is used to hide a message within a cover image by embedding it in the least significant bits of pixel values without affecting image quality. The resulting stego-image is then encrypted using triple-key chaotic image encryption based on the logistic map, making the encrypted data highly sensitive to changes in the initial encryption keys. The technique provides four layers of security to securely transmit hidden messages within digital images.
Performance evluvation of chaotic encryption techniqueAncy Mariam Babu
This document evaluates the performance of chaotic encryption algorithms. It aims to analyze the confidentiality, integrity, and efficiency of encrypting video data. The document introduces cryptography and chaos concepts. It describes chaotic encryption and decryption processes. It evaluates existing algorithms like CVES, SEA, NCA, and EES based on encryption speed, CPU utilization, and power consumption. The results show that CVES and NCA have better encryption speeds while EES requires more time. The algorithms provide varying levels of security from high to middle.
Highly secure scalable compression of encrypted imageseSAT Journals
Abstract A highly secure scalable compression method for stream cipher encrypted images is described in this journal. The input image first undergoes encryption and then shuffling. This shuffling in the image pixels enhances the security. For shuffling, Henon map is used. There are two layers for the scalable compression namely base layer and enhancement layer. Base layer bits are produced by coding a series of non-overlapping patches of uniformly down sampled version of encrypted image. In the enhancement layer pixels are selected by random permutation and then coded. From all the available pixel samples an iterative multi scale technique is used to reconstruct the image and finally performs decryption. The proposed method has high security. Key Words: Encryption, Decryption, Shuffling, Scalable compression
The document proposes a chaotic image encryption technique using Henon chaotic systems. It consists of two main steps: 1) Image fusion between the original image and a key image. 2) Encrypting the pixel values of the fused image using a Henon chaotic map. The technique aims to provide high security with less computational time compared to traditional encryption methods. Experimental results show the algorithm is sensitive to keys and resistant to brute force attacks. The technique can be used for applications like secure internet image transmission.
An Image Encryption using Chaotic Based Cryptosystemxlyle
NAME: MUHAMAD LUQMAN NULHAKIM BIN MANSOR
NO MATRIC: BTBL16043975
COURSE: ISM (SK) KESELAMATAN RANGKAIAN KOMPUTER
SUPERVISOR: PROF. MADYA DR AFENDEE BIN MOHAMED
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
Image Steganography Using HBC and RDH TechniqueEditor IJCATR
There are algorithms in existence for hiding data within an image. The proposed scheme treats the image as a whole. Here
Integer Cosine Transform (ICT) and Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) is combined for converting signal to frequency. Hide Behind
Corner (HBC) algorithm is used to place a key at corners of the image. All the corner keys are encrypted by generating Pseudo
Random Numbers. The Secret keys are used for corner parts. Then the hidden image is transmitted. The receiver should be aware of
the keys that are used at the corners while encrypting the image. Reverse Data Hiding (RDH) is used to get the original image and it
proceeds once when all the corners are unlocked with proper secret keys. With these methods the performance of the stegnographic
technique is improved in terms of PSNR value.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cloud computing is a powerful, flexible, cost
efficient platform for providing consumer IT services
over the Internet. However Cloud Computing has
various level of risk because most important
information is maintained and managed by third party
vendors, which means harder to maintain security for
user’s data .Steganography is one of the ways to provide
security for secret data by inserting in an image or
video. In this most of the algorithms are based on the
Least Significant Bit (LSB), but the hackers easily
detects it embeds directly. An Efficient and secure
method of embedding secret message-extracting
message into or from color image using Artificial
Neural Network will be proposed. The proposed
method will be tested, implemented and analyzed for
various color images of different sizes and different
sizes of secret messages. The performance of the
algorithm will be analyzed by calculating various
parameters like PSNR, MSE and the results are good
compared to existing algorithms.
11.secure compressed image transmission using self organizing feature mapsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for secure compressed image transmission using self-organizing feature maps. The method involves compressing images using SOFM-based vector quantization, entropy coding the results, and encrypting the compressed data using a scrambler before transmission. Simulation results show the method achieves a compression ratio of up to 38:1 while providing security, outperforming JPEG compression by up to 1 dB. The paper presents the technical details and evaluation of the proposed secure image transmission system.
This document discusses image encryption using a chaotic artificial neural network. It begins by introducing image encryption and its importance for securely transmitting valuable data over the internet. It then provides background on encryption techniques and discusses how image encryption works. The document outlines chaotic cryptography and why characteristics of chaos make it suitable for cryptography. It also discusses artificial neural networks and how they can be used for image encryption. In particular, it describes using a feedforward neural network with hidden layers to encrypt images.
This document proposes an efficient and secure cryptography technique using unimodular matrices. It aims to improve data security during transmission by encrypting messages. The proposed method encrypts data into a matrix form using ASCII values, then multiplies it by an encoding matrix generated from an Armstrong number. At the receiver end, the cipher text matrix is decrypted by multiplying it by the inverse of the encoding matrix. This overcomes limitations of previous techniques by allowing any length messages and not relying on Armstrong numbers containing zeros. The method ensures confidentiality, access control and non-repudiation through the use of encryption and decryption with the same secret key.
A novel efficient multiple encryption algorithm for real time images IJECEIAES
In this study, we propose an innovative image encryption Techniques based on four different image encryption Algorithm. Our methodology integrates scrambling followed by Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption Techniques, to make the image meaningless or disordered to enhance the ability to confront attack and in turn improve the security. This paper mainly focused on the multiple encryption Techniques with multiple keys on a single image by dividing it into four blocks. So instead of using one Encryption method a combination of four different Encryption Algorithm can make our image more secure. The Encryption is done first by using DNA as secret key, second by using RSA, third by DES and fourth by Chebyshev. The pros and cons for all the Encryption methods are discussed here. Proposed methodology can strongly encrypt the images for the purpose of storing images and transmitting them over the Internet. There are two major benefits related with this system. The first benefit is the use of Different Algorithm with different keys. The second benefit is that even though we are using four different Algorithm for a single image, the time taken for encryption and decryption is few seconds only. Our method is methodically checked, and it shows an exceptionally high level of security with very good image quality.
A New Approach of Cryptographic Technique Using Simple ECC & ECFIJAEMSJORNAL
Cryptography is the technique in which usually a file is converted into unreadable format by using public key and private key system called as public key cryptosystem. Then as per the user requirement that file is send to another user for secure data transmission. In this paper we purposed an image based cryptography that Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) techniques and pseudo random encoding technique on images to enhance the security of RFID communication. In the ECF approach, the basic idea is to replace the Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) of the cover image with the Bits of the messages to be hidden without destroying the property of the cover image significantly. The ECF based technique is the most challenging one as it is difficult to differentiate between the cover object and Crypto object if few ECF bits of the cover object are replaced. In Pseudo Random technique, a random key is used as seed for the Pseudo Random Number Generator in needed in the embedding process. Both the techniques used a Crypto key while embedding messages inside the cover image. By using the key, the chance of getting attacked by the attacker is reduced.
RSA Based Secured Image Steganography Using DWT ApproachIJERA Editor
The need for keeping safe secrecy of secret and sensitive data has been ever increasing with the new
developments in digital system. In this paper, we present an increased way for getting embedding encrypted
secret facts in gray scale images to give high level safety of facts for news over unsecured narrow channels
Cryptography and Steganography are two closely related techniques are used in proposed system. Cryptography
gets into making one of religion the secret note into a non-recognizable chipper. Steganography is then sent in
name for using Double-Stegging to fix this encrypted data into a cover thing by which something is done and
keeps secret its existence.
This document describes an audio cryptography system project that embeds encrypted messages within audio files. The system has two main modules: a GUI module built using AWT, Swing components; and an encryption/decryption module. Messages are encrypted before being embedded in audio files using LSB coding and encryption algorithms. The encrypted audio files can then be transmitted and decrypted at the recipient end to extract the original message. The system aims to provide security, confidentiality and integrity to transmitted messages.
Encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and row exchange is used to encrypt images by converting the image matrix to an upper triangular matrix and generating a decryption key. The encrypted image matrix and key can then be multiplied to recover the original image matrix and decrypt the image. This algorithm allows for faster encryption time while still producing robust encryption to prevent unauthorized access to images.
Using this software any 50 sec audio message can be decrypted into image file and then original message can again be recovered from image file. This project is coded in Matlab and gui is also built in Matlab.
A Modified Binary Encryption Algorithm based on Diffuse RepresentationIJAEMSJORNAL
In the era of Internet, the multimedia data can be used by anyone. There is a chance that unintended users get access to the data so, encryption is needed to hide the multimedia data from the unauthorized users. This paper proposes a modified binary encryption algorithm based on diffuse representation. Here a binary image is XORed with a random matrix and is divided into more number of non-overlapping sub-images. The modified encryption algorithm will produce an encrypted image with ¼th of dimension and increased number of bits. The proposed encryption algorithm is a symmetric encryption algorithm. The number of keys generated is equal to the number of non-overlapping sub-images. The key shall be transmitted by a private key encryption algorithm. The encryption of the key is not of interest in this paper. The proposed algorithm has high performance that it gives BER as 0% and infinite PSNR. Even grayscale images can be encrypted using this algorithm considering each bit-plane as a binary image.
Ministriju iesniegtie jauno politikas iniciatīvu pasākumi 2014., 2015. un 201...Finanšu ministrija
Otrdien, 30. jūlijā, Ministru kabinetā (MK) tika izskatīts informatīvais ziņojums par ministriju iesniegtajiem jauno politikas iniciatīvu (JPI) pasākumiem 2014., 2015. un 2016. gadam. Lai nodrošinātu 2014. gada valsts budžeta sagatavošanu, ministrijas sagatavoja un iesniedza Finanšu ministrijā (FM) un Pārresoru koordinācijas centrā JPI pieprasījumus, kurām tika vērtēta atbilstība attīstības plānošanas dokumentiem. FM tika iesniegtas arī pārējās JPI – pieteikumi administratīvās kapacitātes stiprināšanas pasākumiem.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High Security Cryptographic Technique Using Steganography and Chaotic Image E...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a proposed cryptographic technique that combines steganography and chaotic image encryption to provide high security. Steganography is used to hide a message within a cover image by embedding it in the least significant bits of pixel values without affecting image quality. The resulting stego-image is then encrypted using triple-key chaotic image encryption based on the logistic map, making the encrypted data highly sensitive to changes in the initial encryption keys. The technique provides four layers of security to securely transmit hidden messages within digital images.
Performance evluvation of chaotic encryption techniqueAncy Mariam Babu
This document evaluates the performance of chaotic encryption algorithms. It aims to analyze the confidentiality, integrity, and efficiency of encrypting video data. The document introduces cryptography and chaos concepts. It describes chaotic encryption and decryption processes. It evaluates existing algorithms like CVES, SEA, NCA, and EES based on encryption speed, CPU utilization, and power consumption. The results show that CVES and NCA have better encryption speeds while EES requires more time. The algorithms provide varying levels of security from high to middle.
Highly secure scalable compression of encrypted imageseSAT Journals
Abstract A highly secure scalable compression method for stream cipher encrypted images is described in this journal. The input image first undergoes encryption and then shuffling. This shuffling in the image pixels enhances the security. For shuffling, Henon map is used. There are two layers for the scalable compression namely base layer and enhancement layer. Base layer bits are produced by coding a series of non-overlapping patches of uniformly down sampled version of encrypted image. In the enhancement layer pixels are selected by random permutation and then coded. From all the available pixel samples an iterative multi scale technique is used to reconstruct the image and finally performs decryption. The proposed method has high security. Key Words: Encryption, Decryption, Shuffling, Scalable compression
The document proposes a chaotic image encryption technique using Henon chaotic systems. It consists of two main steps: 1) Image fusion between the original image and a key image. 2) Encrypting the pixel values of the fused image using a Henon chaotic map. The technique aims to provide high security with less computational time compared to traditional encryption methods. Experimental results show the algorithm is sensitive to keys and resistant to brute force attacks. The technique can be used for applications like secure internet image transmission.
An Image Encryption using Chaotic Based Cryptosystemxlyle
NAME: MUHAMAD LUQMAN NULHAKIM BIN MANSOR
NO MATRIC: BTBL16043975
COURSE: ISM (SK) KESELAMATAN RANGKAIAN KOMPUTER
SUPERVISOR: PROF. MADYA DR AFENDEE BIN MOHAMED
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
Image Steganography Using HBC and RDH TechniqueEditor IJCATR
There are algorithms in existence for hiding data within an image. The proposed scheme treats the image as a whole. Here
Integer Cosine Transform (ICT) and Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) is combined for converting signal to frequency. Hide Behind
Corner (HBC) algorithm is used to place a key at corners of the image. All the corner keys are encrypted by generating Pseudo
Random Numbers. The Secret keys are used for corner parts. Then the hidden image is transmitted. The receiver should be aware of
the keys that are used at the corners while encrypting the image. Reverse Data Hiding (RDH) is used to get the original image and it
proceeds once when all the corners are unlocked with proper secret keys. With these methods the performance of the stegnographic
technique is improved in terms of PSNR value.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Cloud computing is a powerful, flexible, cost
efficient platform for providing consumer IT services
over the Internet. However Cloud Computing has
various level of risk because most important
information is maintained and managed by third party
vendors, which means harder to maintain security for
user’s data .Steganography is one of the ways to provide
security for secret data by inserting in an image or
video. In this most of the algorithms are based on the
Least Significant Bit (LSB), but the hackers easily
detects it embeds directly. An Efficient and secure
method of embedding secret message-extracting
message into or from color image using Artificial
Neural Network will be proposed. The proposed
method will be tested, implemented and analyzed for
various color images of different sizes and different
sizes of secret messages. The performance of the
algorithm will be analyzed by calculating various
parameters like PSNR, MSE and the results are good
compared to existing algorithms.
11.secure compressed image transmission using self organizing feature mapsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for secure compressed image transmission using self-organizing feature maps. The method involves compressing images using SOFM-based vector quantization, entropy coding the results, and encrypting the compressed data using a scrambler before transmission. Simulation results show the method achieves a compression ratio of up to 38:1 while providing security, outperforming JPEG compression by up to 1 dB. The paper presents the technical details and evaluation of the proposed secure image transmission system.
This document discusses image encryption using a chaotic artificial neural network. It begins by introducing image encryption and its importance for securely transmitting valuable data over the internet. It then provides background on encryption techniques and discusses how image encryption works. The document outlines chaotic cryptography and why characteristics of chaos make it suitable for cryptography. It also discusses artificial neural networks and how they can be used for image encryption. In particular, it describes using a feedforward neural network with hidden layers to encrypt images.
This document proposes an efficient and secure cryptography technique using unimodular matrices. It aims to improve data security during transmission by encrypting messages. The proposed method encrypts data into a matrix form using ASCII values, then multiplies it by an encoding matrix generated from an Armstrong number. At the receiver end, the cipher text matrix is decrypted by multiplying it by the inverse of the encoding matrix. This overcomes limitations of previous techniques by allowing any length messages and not relying on Armstrong numbers containing zeros. The method ensures confidentiality, access control and non-repudiation through the use of encryption and decryption with the same secret key.
A novel efficient multiple encryption algorithm for real time images IJECEIAES
In this study, we propose an innovative image encryption Techniques based on four different image encryption Algorithm. Our methodology integrates scrambling followed by Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption Techniques, to make the image meaningless or disordered to enhance the ability to confront attack and in turn improve the security. This paper mainly focused on the multiple encryption Techniques with multiple keys on a single image by dividing it into four blocks. So instead of using one Encryption method a combination of four different Encryption Algorithm can make our image more secure. The Encryption is done first by using DNA as secret key, second by using RSA, third by DES and fourth by Chebyshev. The pros and cons for all the Encryption methods are discussed here. Proposed methodology can strongly encrypt the images for the purpose of storing images and transmitting them over the Internet. There are two major benefits related with this system. The first benefit is the use of Different Algorithm with different keys. The second benefit is that even though we are using four different Algorithm for a single image, the time taken for encryption and decryption is few seconds only. Our method is methodically checked, and it shows an exceptionally high level of security with very good image quality.
A New Approach of Cryptographic Technique Using Simple ECC & ECFIJAEMSJORNAL
Cryptography is the technique in which usually a file is converted into unreadable format by using public key and private key system called as public key cryptosystem. Then as per the user requirement that file is send to another user for secure data transmission. In this paper we purposed an image based cryptography that Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) techniques and pseudo random encoding technique on images to enhance the security of RFID communication. In the ECF approach, the basic idea is to replace the Elliptic Curve Function (ECF) of the cover image with the Bits of the messages to be hidden without destroying the property of the cover image significantly. The ECF based technique is the most challenging one as it is difficult to differentiate between the cover object and Crypto object if few ECF bits of the cover object are replaced. In Pseudo Random technique, a random key is used as seed for the Pseudo Random Number Generator in needed in the embedding process. Both the techniques used a Crypto key while embedding messages inside the cover image. By using the key, the chance of getting attacked by the attacker is reduced.
RSA Based Secured Image Steganography Using DWT ApproachIJERA Editor
The need for keeping safe secrecy of secret and sensitive data has been ever increasing with the new
developments in digital system. In this paper, we present an increased way for getting embedding encrypted
secret facts in gray scale images to give high level safety of facts for news over unsecured narrow channels
Cryptography and Steganography are two closely related techniques are used in proposed system. Cryptography
gets into making one of religion the secret note into a non-recognizable chipper. Steganography is then sent in
name for using Double-Stegging to fix this encrypted data into a cover thing by which something is done and
keeps secret its existence.
This document describes an audio cryptography system project that embeds encrypted messages within audio files. The system has two main modules: a GUI module built using AWT, Swing components; and an encryption/decryption module. Messages are encrypted before being embedded in audio files using LSB coding and encryption algorithms. The encrypted audio files can then be transmitted and decrypted at the recipient end to extract the original message. The system aims to provide security, confidentiality and integrity to transmitted messages.
Encryption converts plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and row exchange is used to encrypt images by converting the image matrix to an upper triangular matrix and generating a decryption key. The encrypted image matrix and key can then be multiplied to recover the original image matrix and decrypt the image. This algorithm allows for faster encryption time while still producing robust encryption to prevent unauthorized access to images.
Using this software any 50 sec audio message can be decrypted into image file and then original message can again be recovered from image file. This project is coded in Matlab and gui is also built in Matlab.
A Modified Binary Encryption Algorithm based on Diffuse RepresentationIJAEMSJORNAL
In the era of Internet, the multimedia data can be used by anyone. There is a chance that unintended users get access to the data so, encryption is needed to hide the multimedia data from the unauthorized users. This paper proposes a modified binary encryption algorithm based on diffuse representation. Here a binary image is XORed with a random matrix and is divided into more number of non-overlapping sub-images. The modified encryption algorithm will produce an encrypted image with ¼th of dimension and increased number of bits. The proposed encryption algorithm is a symmetric encryption algorithm. The number of keys generated is equal to the number of non-overlapping sub-images. The key shall be transmitted by a private key encryption algorithm. The encryption of the key is not of interest in this paper. The proposed algorithm has high performance that it gives BER as 0% and infinite PSNR. Even grayscale images can be encrypted using this algorithm considering each bit-plane as a binary image.
Ministriju iesniegtie jauno politikas iniciatīvu pasākumi 2014., 2015. un 201...Finanšu ministrija
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A SECURE DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING CRYPTOGRAPHY AND STEGANOGRAPHY IJCNCJournal
The information security has become one of the most significant problems in data communication. So it
becomes an inseparable part of data communication. In order to address this problem, cryptography and
steganography can be combined. This paper proposes a secure communication system. It employs
cryptographic algorithm together with steganography. The jointing of these techniques provides a robust
and strong communication system that able to withstand against attackers. In this paper, the filter bank
cipher is used to encrypt the secret text message, it provide high level of security, scalability and speed.
After that, a discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) based steganography is employed to hide the encrypted
message in the cover image by modifying the wavelet coefficients. The performance of the proposed system
is evaluated using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and histogram analysis. The simulation results show
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This document summarizes a research article about using cryptography to securely transmit data through encryption. It discusses how cryptography works by encrypting plaintext into ciphertext using encryption keys, and then decrypting the ciphertext back into plaintext. The main types of cryptography discussed are symmetric key encryption, where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt, and asymmetric key encryption, where a public key is used to encrypt and a private key is used to decrypt. It then proposes a new symmetric key encryption method that uses character ASCII values and binary/hexadecimal conversions to securely encrypt data for transmission.
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“Proposed Model for Network Security Issues Using Elliptical Curve Cryptography”IOSR Journals
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network. So in this paper its algorithm has been implemented and analyzed for various bit length inputs. The
Private key is known only to sender and receiver and hence data transmission is secure.
This document presents an improved asymmetric key encryption algorithm using MATLAB. It begins with an introduction to asymmetric key cryptography and the RSA cryptosystem. It then describes a modified RSA algorithm using multiple public and private keys to increase security. Next, it explains how to implement RSA using the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reduce computational time. The document implements the original, modified, and CRT-based RSA algorithms in MATLAB and analyzes computation time versus number of prime numbers. It concludes the modified and CRT-based approaches provide more security than the original RSA algorithm with reduced computational time.
A NOVEL STRUCTURE WITH DYNAMIC OPERATION MODE FOR SYMMETRIC-KEY BLOCK CIPHERSIJNSA Journal
This document proposes a unified operation structure (UOS) that combines existing block cipher modes of operation to allow for multi-mode functionality. The UOS uses three buffers to store feedback information from the previous encryption block, overcoming the typical need for separate buffers for each mode. This provides a common solution for supporting multiple modes of operation with low memory requirements, making it suitable for ubiquitous computing devices. The UOS can integrate encryption modes like ECB, CBC, CFB and OFB as well as authentication modes like CBC-MAC to provide both confidentiality and integrity.
Improved Image Encryption for Real-Time Application over Wireless Communicati...ijeei-iaes
Advances in communication networks have enabled organization to send confidential data such as digital images over wireless networks. However, the broadcast nature of wireless communication channel has made it vulnerable to attack from eavesdroppers. We have developed a hybrid cryptography technique, and we present its application to digital images as a means of improving the security of digital image for transmission over wireless communication networks. The hybrid technique uses a combination of a symmetric (Data Encryption Standard) and asymmetric (Rivest Shamir Adleman) cryptographic algorithms to secure data to be transmitted between different nodes of a wireless network. Three different image samples of type jpeg, png and jpg were tested using this technique. The results obtained showed that the hybrid system encrypt the images with minimal simulation time, and high throughput. More importantly, there is no relation or information between the original images and their encrypted form, according to Shannon’s definition of perfect security, thereby making the system much more secure.
Iaetsd implementation of lsb image steganography system using edge detectionIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes an image steganography system that uses edge detection, LZW compression, and hybrid encryption methods. It first encrypts the secret image using AES and ECC encryption. It then compresses the encrypted image using LZW compression. Next, it detects edges in the cover image using Canny edge detection. It then embeds the compressed encrypted image into the cover image by modifying the least significant bits of edge pixels. To decode, it extracts the embedded image, decompresses it, and decrypts it using ECC and AES decryption, recovering the original secret image. Evaluation results show the proposed method provides better security compared to existing methods while maintaining high quality of the stego image.
The document proposes a novel method for digital data encoding and decoding using a digital color image. The method uses any digital color image to encode a secret message during encryption. The same color image is then used to decode the message during decryption. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides enhanced security and confidentiality compared to standard encryption methods like DES, AES, LED and Hight. It requires minimal time for encryption and decryption, making it more efficient than other methods. Using different images to encode different messages or the same image to encode various messages results in different encoded and encrypted outputs, improving security.
New Technique Using Multiple Symmetric keys for Multilevel EncryptionIJERA Editor
In a world of accelerating communications, cryptography has become an essential component of the modern
means of communication systems. The emergence of the webas a reliable medium for commerce and
communication has made cryptography an essential component. Many algorithms or ciphers are in use
nowadays. The quality of the cipher is judged byits ability to prevent an unrelated party fromknowingthe
original content of the encrypted message. The proposed “Multilevel Encryption Model” is a cryptosystem that
adopts the basic principles of cryptography. It uses five symmetric keys (multiple)
in floating point numbers, plaintext, substitution techniques and key combinations with unintelligible
sequence to produce the ciphertext. The decryption process is also designed to reproduce the plaintext
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
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Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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A novel secure combination technique of steganography and cryptography
1. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2014
DOI : 10.5121/ijitmc.2014.2105 55
A Novel Secure Combination Technique of
Steganography and Cryptography
Pye Pye Aung1
and Tun Min Naing2
1
University of Technology (Yatanarpon Cyber City), Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
2
Computer University (Pathein), Myanmar
ABSTRACT
A new technique proposed with the combination of cryptography and steganography enhanced with new
secure feature for generating a new security system. Cryptography and Steganography are two popular
ways for secure data transmission in which the former distorts a message so it cannot be understood and
another hides a message so it cannot be seen. In cryptography, this system is used advanced encryption
standard (AES) algorithm to encrypt secret message and then these are separated keys; one of which is
used to hide in cover image. In steganography, a part of encrypted message as a key is used to hide in
discrete cosine transform (DCT) of an image which is highly secured. This kind of system is to be
introduced in applications such as transferring secret data that can be authentication of various fields.
KEYWORDS
Cryptography, DCT Coefficient, Hiding Text, Steganography, Stego- image
1. INTRODUCTION
In networking, cryptography can be specified as the security service for data and
telecommunications. Cryptography is an important way to address message transmission security
requirements. Encryption and decryptiong of messages are made for the technique of
cryptography. A mechanism of hiding the original messages from the intruders and by making a
suspect of the existence of the message only to the intended receiver is called steganography.
Here the secret message is sent as image or text through the encryption of the message in which
special keys are arranged for those intended receivers to get the original message. The receiver
only makes actual procedure of the real message sent by the sender. Real message can be letters
or digits which can be encrypted as hidden message in any form as audio or video or image [3].
Steganography must not be confused with cryptography, where the message is transformed so as
to make its meaningless to malicious people who intercept it. The goal of steganography is to
avoid drawing suspicion to the transmission of the secret message between sender and receiver. A
secure data transmission is made using cryptography and steganography. Combination of both
these two techniques results in appearing a highly secured method for data communication.
2. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2014
56
2. BACKGROUND THEORY
Cryptography can be specified as the security service including authentication, privacy and
confidentially. In this paper we have used AES algorithm in cryptography. The three types of
algorithms are described:
(i) Secret Key Cryptography (SKC): Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption.
(ii)Public Key Cryptography (PKC): Uses one key for encryption and another for
decryption.
(iii)Hash Functions: Uses a mathematical transformation to irreversibly "encrypt" information
[6].
Steganography is a mechanism for hiding and retrieving the high sensitive information in data
transmission. Steganography must not be confused with cryptography, where the message is
converted its meaningless to malicious people who intercept it. The main goal of steganography
techniques is that it is diffilcult to detect the image and so saved from attacks. The steganography
approaches can be distinguished into three types: pure steganography, secret key steganography
and public key steganography.
2.1. AES algorithm for Cryptography
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a standard for the encryption of electronic data. The U.S.
government held in 1997 and now use in worldwide. AES is a symmetric-key algorithm which
means that the same key is used both of sender and receiver. This AES standard specifies the
Rijndael algorithm [1], a symmetric block cipher that can process data blocks of 128 bits, using
key size of 128, 192, and 256 bits. The input, the output and the cipher key are used in Rijndael. It
takes an input and output of certain block size, only 128 bits.
2.1.1. Advantages of using AES algorithm
1. Very Secure.
2. Reasonable Cost.
3. Main Characteristics:
I. Flexibility, II. Simplicity.
2.2. DCT - frequency domain algorithm for Steganography
The hidden message is a stream of “1” and “0” giving a total number of 80 bits to insert the secret
message into the DCT domain of the cover image. The color-based transformation converts the
image (cover image) into 8x8 blocks of pixels. Next, at least 80 larger positive coefficients need
to embed in the cover image in the low-mid frequency range. DCT can divide the image into
high, middle and low frquency components. As the high frequency coefficients are vulnerable and
less robust on the quality of image. The main issue of this work is robustness against with high
quality of image, thus the low and mid frequency coefficients are the most appropriate. The
selected coefficients ci are modified by the corresponding bit in the message stream. This K
quantity represents the persistence factor. As soon as the ith term of message bit s(i) is “1”, the
coefficient of the image is added with a quantity K; otherwise the same quantity is subtracted
form it. Thus the replaced DCT coefficients are
DCT (new) = DCT+1*K for s(i)=1;
Else DCT (new) = DCT-1*K for s(i)=0.
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2.2.1. Advantages of using frequency domain Steganography
1. Very secure, hard to detect
2. More flexible, different techniques for calculation of DCT coefficients values
3. PROPOSED COMBINING TECHNIQUE
In cryptography, this system is used AES algorithm with its symmetric key and the cipher text is
converted into two extra keys for high security, then the steganography is implemented to the key
(3) to get stego image. The system is designed with three creation steps to hide the text –
(a) For Cryptography – Crypto Creation Step
(b) For Steganography – Stego Creation Step
(c) For Extra Securtiy – Security Creation Step
3.1. Crypto Creation Step
For Crypto Module, the following steps are applied for encrypting the data (Refer Figure1):
(a) Insert text for encryption.
(b) Apply AES algorithm using 128 bit key.
(c) Convert cipher text into types of format Hexadecimal, based 64 string and ASCII code
respectively.
Figure 1. Crypto Creation Step
3.2. Security Creation Step
This security module works as follows: (Refer Figure2)
(a) Create array and allocate all the position points of digit (1) from the cipher text.
(b) Remove all the positions points of digit (1) from the cipher text and the remaining
characters and digits are going to transform as modified cipher text.
(c) Remove the first ten allocated position of digit (1) among all digit (1) positions array and
generate as a secret key (key 2).
(d) Take first ten allocated position points of digit (1) from all position points of digit (1)
array and these ten digit(1) will be changed into the form of a secret key key(3).
Insert Text AES Method using Key1
Convert Cipher Text into
Hexadecimal, Based64 String
and ASCII code
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Figure 2. Security Creation Step
3.3. Stego Creation Step
For Stego Module, the following steps are discussed for hiding the above generated cipher text
(Refer Figure3).
(a) Take the first ten allocated position points of digit (1) from the above discussed Security
Module.
(b) Scramble the first ten allocated position points of digit (1) using a 64 bit key (Key 3).
(c) Take a Color Image.
(d) Find the DCT of the Image using color transformation.
(e) Hide the Cipher by altering DCTs.
(f) Apply Inverse DCT.
(g) Find the Stego Image.
Figure 3. Stego Creation Step
4. PROPOSED SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
This system is developed in Visual Studio C# platform, mainly three creation steps involved –
(a) Crypto Creation Step – AES Implementation Step
(b) Security Creation Step – Newly Developed Technique
(c) Stego Creation Step – DCT Techniques Implementation Step
Generate Key2 by removing
the first ten allocation points
from the original positions of
digit (1) array from cipher text
Create array and
allocate all the
positions of digit (1)
from the cipher text
Cipher Text in
Hexadecimal, Based64
String and ASCII code
Take first ten allocation
points of digit (1) and
generate as Key3 to be
hidden
Generate modified cipher text
without being digit ole(1)
First ten allocation
points of digit (1) from
the Security Module
Scramble the text
using a Key3
Hide the first ten
allocation points of
digit (1) by altering
DCT
Stego Image Inverse DCT
Find the DCT
of the image
Take a Color Image
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4.1. Algorithm for the proposed system
The steps of the algorithm for hiding text and retrieving text are discussed below (Refer Figure4
& Figure5).
4.1.1. Hiding Text
(a) Encrypt the original message into cipher text by using AES algorithm with symmetric
key of key 1.
(b) Convert the cipher text into Hexadecimal format in the form of alphabets (A to F) and
digits (0 to 9), Based 64 string format in the form of alphabets small letter (a to z),
capital letter (A to Z), digits (0 to 9) and two arithmetic character (+/-) and ASCII code
format of (256) characters respectively.
(c) Create array and allocate all the position points of digit (1) from converted cipher text and
remove the first ten allocated points of all digit (1) positions and then generate the key
(Key 2).
(d) Take the first ten allocated position points of digit (1) from array of cipher text and
generate it as the third key (Key 3); this part will be hidden in the image.
(e) The cipher text without having digit (1) will be remained as modified cipher text.
(f) Hide the first ten allocated position points of digit (1) in the image and get Stego-Image.
Figure 4. Proposed System for Hiding Text
Take first ten allocation points of
digit (1) from the digit (1) array
of cipher text
Create array and
allocate all the
positions of digit (1)
from the cipher text
Generate Cipher text
using AES algorithm
Remaining of all allocation
points of digit (1) array after
removing the first ten points
Remove all the position
points of digit (1) from
the original cipher text
First ten allocation points of digit (1)
Hide first ten allocation points of
digit (1) in image
Stego Image
Key2
Key3
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4.1.2. Retrieving Text
Figure 5. Proposed System for Retrieving Text
(a) Retrieve the first ten allocated position points of digit (1) from the image and unscramble
it with Key 3.
(b) Add back the first ten position points of digit (1) into its all position points of digit (1)
using Key 2.
(c) Add back all position points of digit (1) to the modified cipher text in order to get the
original cipher text in Hexadecimal, Based 64 string and ASCII form.
(d) Reconstruct the original text message from the cipher text using AES algorithm and its
key (Key 1).
4.1.3. Security Properties of Proposed System
The proposed system is highly secure because it is a combination of AES algorithm of encryption
technique and DCT of message embedding technique. And also including two extra keys make
the system highly secured. This system contains total 3 keys.
(a) One 128 bits symmetric key for AES algorithm
(b) Two 8 bits (1 byte) generated keys for scrambling the cipher text and retrieving the
original message.
Key2
Stego Image Retrieve first ten allocation
points of digit (1)
Key3
Key1
Club first ten allocation
points of digit (1) and rest
of the digit (1) array
Retrieve the original
text message
Reconstruct the
cipher text
Add all the position points
of digit (1) to the original
cipher text
Key2
and
Key3
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5. RESULTS
In this system, it can be compared our proposed system by using three kinds of encoding format
type. They are Hexadecimal, Based-64 and ACSII code. Encryption time will be generated as
different using three encoding format. Among them, ACSII encoding format is most efficient for
large plaintext message to encrypt. But Hexadecimal encoding format will be taken more
encryption time than any other format and so it can be used if the message size is small. As
concerned with Based-64 encoding format is appropriate message size from below results. This
paper shows the comparison of three encoding format in different messages in Figure6 and
Figure7.
Figure 6. Key Separating time in Different Messages (20-100 Kb)
Figure 6. Key Separating time in Different Messages (20-100 Kb)
Figure 7. Key Separating time in Different Messages (100-500 Kb)
Figure 7. Key Separating time in Different Messages (100-500 Kb)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
20 40 60 80 100
Time(ms)
Message (Kb)
Hexadecimal Format
Based-64 String Format
ASCII Format
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
100 200 300 400 500
Time(ms)
Message (Kb)
Hexadecimal Format
Based-64 String Format
ASCII Format
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6. CONCLUSION
In this thesis, a new digital message hiding system is proposed for the combination of
cryptography and steganography using three keys and modified cipher text. The combination of
these two techniques satisfies the requirements such as highly security and robustness between
sender and receiver. The proposed method ensures acceptable image quality with very little
distortion in the image. The main advantage of this system is that the method used for AES
algorithm which is very secure and the DCT transformation technique is very hard to detect in
image steganography. It also produces efficient robustness of stego-image though it had been
attacked by other techniques and additionally saved from attacks. Goal of this paper is to develop
a new security system that messages cannot be retrieved easily from the image by any attackers or
hackers in the communication process.
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