Vehicular ad hoc networks are tremendously and very effectively used for safety related applications. Especially
for driver assistance and when it comes to safety of either from an accident or stealing of data VANET is the future of the all such problems.”A New Generation of Driver Assistance and Security” gives a idea about VANET and also provide solutions to various problems comes in this. Authentication will be provided by Group signature and Identity based (ID- based) Signature scheme. The scheme Provides cost effective, highly privacy
preserving of user, efficient message authentication and verification than existing system for VANETs. This
required CA (Central Authority) and LA (Local Authority) where LA is group leader and which has to concern with CA. This safety technique is efficient, robust, and scalable for VANET’s authentication and provide reallife solution match with the standard.
A secure intrusion detection system against ddos attack in wireless mobile ad...vishnuRajan20
At Softroniics we provide job oriented training for freshers in IT sector. We are providing IEEE project guidance and Final year project guidance. We are Pioneers in all leading technologies like Android, Java, .NET, PHP, Python, Embedded Systems, Matlab, NS2, VLSI, Modelsim, Tanner, Xilinx etc. We are specializiling in technologies like Big Data, Cloud Computing, Internet Of Things (iOT), Data Mining, Networking, Information Security, Image Processing and many other. We are providing long term and short term internship also. We are also providing IEEE project support at Calicut, Thrissur and Palakkad. For more details contact 9037291113, 7907435072
Security attacks and solutions in vehicular ad hoc networks a surveypijans
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have emerged recently as one of the most attractive topics for
researchers and automotive industries due to their tremendous potential to improve traffic safety, efficiency
and other added services. However, VANETs are themselves vulnerable against attacks that can directly
lead to the corruption of networks and then possibly provoke big losses of time, money, and even lives. This
paper presents a survey of VANETs attacks and solutions in carefully considering other similar works as
well as updating new attacks and categorizing them into different classes.
As of late, remote sensor organize (WSN) is
utilized in numerous application zones, for
example, checking, following, and controlling. For
some utilizations of WSN, security is an essential
necessity. In any case, security arrangements in
WSN vary from conventional systems because of
asset confinement and computational
requirements. This paper investigates security
arrangements: Tiny Sec, IEEE 802.15.4, Twists,
Mini SEC, LSec, LLSP, LISA, and Drawl in
WSN. The paper additionally introduces qualities,
security prerequisites, assaults, encryption
calculations, and operation modes. This paper is
thought to be valuable for security planners in
WSNs.
A secure intrusion detection system against ddos attack in wireless mobile ad...vishnuRajan20
At Softroniics we provide job oriented training for freshers in IT sector. We are providing IEEE project guidance and Final year project guidance. We are Pioneers in all leading technologies like Android, Java, .NET, PHP, Python, Embedded Systems, Matlab, NS2, VLSI, Modelsim, Tanner, Xilinx etc. We are specializiling in technologies like Big Data, Cloud Computing, Internet Of Things (iOT), Data Mining, Networking, Information Security, Image Processing and many other. We are providing long term and short term internship also. We are also providing IEEE project support at Calicut, Thrissur and Palakkad. For more details contact 9037291113, 7907435072
Security attacks and solutions in vehicular ad hoc networks a surveypijans
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have emerged recently as one of the most attractive topics for
researchers and automotive industries due to their tremendous potential to improve traffic safety, efficiency
and other added services. However, VANETs are themselves vulnerable against attacks that can directly
lead to the corruption of networks and then possibly provoke big losses of time, money, and even lives. This
paper presents a survey of VANETs attacks and solutions in carefully considering other similar works as
well as updating new attacks and categorizing them into different classes.
As of late, remote sensor organize (WSN) is
utilized in numerous application zones, for
example, checking, following, and controlling. For
some utilizations of WSN, security is an essential
necessity. In any case, security arrangements in
WSN vary from conventional systems because of
asset confinement and computational
requirements. This paper investigates security
arrangements: Tiny Sec, IEEE 802.15.4, Twists,
Mini SEC, LSec, LLSP, LISA, and Drawl in
WSN. The paper additionally introduces qualities,
security prerequisites, assaults, encryption
calculations, and operation modes. This paper is
thought to be valuable for security planners in
WSNs.
TRUST VALUE ALGORITHM: A SECURE APPROACH AGAINST PACKET DROP ATTACK IN WIRELE...IJNSA Journal
Wireless ad-hoc networks are widely used because these are very easy to deploy. However, there are
various security issues and problems. Two most important issues are interoperability and interaction
among various security technologies which are very important to consider for configuration and
management point of view. The packet drop ratio in the wireless network is very high as well as packets
may be easily delayed by the attacker. Ii is very difficult to detect intruders, so it results into high false
positive rate. Packets may be dropped or delayed by intruders as well as external nodes in wireless
networks. Hence, there is the need of effective intrusion detection system which can detect maximum
number of intruders and the corresponding packets be forwarded through some alternate paths in the
network. In this paper we propose an alternate solution to detect the intruders/adversary with help of trust
value. It would remove the need of inbuilt IDS in the wireless networks and result into improving the
performance of WLAN.
Privacy & Security Aspects in Mobile NetworksDefCamp
Mobile communication is constantly present in our daily life to facilitate personal and business needs. In this context, the security of mobile communication is of great importance.
The talk will introduce the audience into the security of mobile networks, with a focus on individuals' privacy. It will discuss aspects related to privacy and security in different generations of networks from both a theoretical and a practical perspective.
This presentation was showcased during Ladies in Cyber Security, an event organised by DefCamp and Cyber Security Research Center from Romania - CCSIR.
Securing WSN communication using Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement ProtocolIJMTST Journal
Wireless Sensor Networking is one of the most important technologies that have different applications. The
security of wireless sensor networks is a big concern. Hence for secure communication it is important to
detect and prevent the attacks in network. Major focus is given on security and on detection and prevention of
attacks. Adversary can create gray-hole attack and black-hole attack simultaneously. There are many
methods which do not provide proper method to defend against these kinds of attacks. The Ad-hoc On
Demand Distance Vector (AODV) scheme is used for detecting Gray-Hole attack and Enhanced Adaptive
Acknowledgment (EAACK) mechanism is used for detecting black-hole attack in network. But only by
detecting and preventing the attacks, it does not provide the better security to wireless network. Therefore, to
secure network a hybrid mechanism is deployed in wireless sensor network. Security algorithm for wireless
sensor networks such as CAWS and Modern Encryption Standard (MES-1) is used for secure communication.
The CAWS and Modern Encryption Standard (MES-1) is an advanced cryptography method which is used for
encryption and decryption process to provide special security.
Data Transfer Security solution for Wireless Sensor NetworkEditor IJCATR
WSN is a wide growth area for specific resource limited application. Factor associated with technology like, the encryption
security, operating speed and power consumption for network. Here, we introduce a mechanism for secure transferring of data is WSN
and various security related issues. This energy-efficient encryption is a secure communication framework in which an algorithm is
used to encode the sensed data using like, RC5, AES and CAST Algorithm. The proposed scheme is most suitable for wireless sensor
networks that incorporate data centric routing protocols. An algorithm in sensor network is help to designers predict security
performance under a set of constraints for WSNs. This symmetric key function is used to guarantee secure communications between
in-network nodes and reliable operation cost. RC5 is good on the code point of view, but the key schedule consumes more resource
time for efficient security aspects.
This presentation by OnBoard Security's Drew van Duren was given at the IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things
05-08 February 2018 in Singapore. Topics covered include:
– Connected Vehicle Architectures and Applications
– IEEE 1609.2 V2X security stack and uses
– Issues and Lessons Learned in U.S. CV Pilots
– Potential Unmanned aircraft systems (Drones) applications
– Re-tasking V2X security to other uses
TRUST FACTOR AND FUZZY-FIREFLY INTEGRATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED I...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is one of the rapidly emanating technologies, which has gained attention in a wide range of applications in the fields of military, private sectors, commercials and natural calamities. Securing MANET is a dominant responsibility, and hence, a trust factor and fuzzy based intrusion detection and prevention system is proposed for routing in this paper. Based on the trust values of the nodes, the fuzzy system identifies the intruder, such that the path generated in the MANET is secured. Moreover, an optimization algorithm, entitled Fuzzy integrated Particle Swarm Optimization (FuzzyFPSO), is proposed by the concatenation of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the optimal path selection in order to provide secure routing. The simulation of the proposed methodology is NS2 simulator and analysis is carried out considering four cases, like without attack, flooding attacks, black hole attack and selective packet drop attack concerning throughput, delay and detection rate. The remarkable evaluation measures of the proposed Fuzzy-FPSO are the maximal throughput of 0.634, minimal delay of 0.044 , maximal detection rate of 0.697 and minimal routing overhead of 0.24550 And the evaluation measure for the case without any attacks are the maximal throughput of 0.762, minimal delay of 0.029 ,maximal detection rate of 0.805 and minimal routing overhead of 0.11511.
Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks and Its SecurityIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks and its security which are characterized by severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. The paper first introduces sensor networks, and discusses security issues and goals along with security problems, threats, and risks in sensor networks. It describes crippling attacks against all of them and suggests countermeasures and design considerations. It gives a brief introduction of proposed security protocol SPINS whose building blocks are SNEP and μTESLA which overcome all the important security threats and problems and achieves security goals like data confidentiality, freshness, authentication in order to provide a secure Wireless Sensor Network
EFFICIENT DETECTION OF SYBIL ATTACK BASED ON CRYPTOGRAPHY IN VANETIJNSA Journal
Vehicular communications play a substantial role in providing safety transportation by means of safety message exchange. Researchers have proposed several solutions for securing safety messages. Protocols based on a fixed key infrastructure are more efficient in implementation and maintain stronger security in comparison with dynamic structures. The purpose of this paper present a method based on a fixed key infrastructure for detection impersonation attack, in other words, Sybil attack, in the vehicular ad hoc network. This attack, puts a great impact on performance of the network. The proposed method, using an cryptography mechanism to detection Sybil attack. Finally, using Mat lab simulator the results of this approach are reviewed, This method it has low delay for detection Sybil attack, because most operations are done in Certification Authority, so this proposed schema is a efficient method for detection Sybil attack.
As the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system are deployed in infrastructures which are critical to the survival of a nation, they have emerged as a potential terrain for cyber-war, thus attracting the considered attention of ‘nation-states’. The analysis of worms like ‘stuxnet’ ‘flame’ and ‘duqu’ reveals the hand of a ‘nation-state’ in their design and deployment. Hence, the necessity to understand various issues in the defence of SCADA systems arises. The forensics of the SCADA system provide deep insight into the design and deployment of the worm (the malware) once the system is attacked. This is precisely the scope of this essay.
RSAC 2021 Spelunking Through the Steps of a Control System HackDan Gunter
Ever wonder what a hack on an industrial process using real-world Tactics Techniques and Procedures (TTP) really looks like? This session will demonstrate an attack step by step from the initial discovery, to the physical impact to reducing the chance of the attack in the first place.
A LIGHT WEIGHT SOLUTION FOR DETECTING DE-AUTHENTICATION ATTACK IJNSA Journal
Nowadays Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are growing very rapidly. Due to the popularity of 802.11 networks, possibilities of various attacks to the wireless network have also increased. In this paper, a special type of attack De-Authentication/disassociation attack has been investigated. In a normal scenario, a wireless client or user sends a de-authentication frame when it wants to terminate the connection. These frames are in plain text and are not encrypted. These are not authenticated by the access point. Attackers take advantage of this, and spoof these packets and disable the communication between the connected client and access point. In this paper, an algorithm based on radio-tap header information is suggested to identify whether there is a De-Authentication attack on the client or not.
Cluster Based Misbehaviour Detection and Authentication Using Threshold Crypt...CSCJournals
In mobile ad hoc networks, the misbehaving nodes can cause dysfunction in the network resulting in damage of other nodes. In order to establish secure communication with the group members of a network, use of a shared group key for confidentiality and authentication is required. Distributing the shares of secret group key to the group members securely is another challenging task in MANET. In this paper, we propose a Cluster Based Misbehavior Detection and Authentication scheme using threshold cryptography in MANET. For secure data transmission, when any node requests a certificate from a cluster head (CH), it utilizes a threshold cryptographic technique to issue the certificate to the requested node for authentication. The certificate of a node is renewed or rejected by CH, based on its trust counter value. An acknowledgement scheme is also included to detect and isolate the misbehaving nodes. By simulation results, we show that the proposed approach reduces the overhead.
Mobile ad-hoc network is a relatively new innovation in the field of wireless technology. These types of networks operate in the absence of fixed infrastructure, which makes them easy to deploy at any place and at any time. Mobile ad-hoc networks are highly dynamic; topology changes and link breakage happen quite frequently. Therefore, we need a security solution, which is dynamic, too. Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is an important issue in need of a solution that not only works well with a small network, but also sustains efficiency and scalability. In ad hoc environment, much of the research has been done focusing on the efficiency of the network. Therefore, there are a number of routing protocols that provide good efficiency. Considering security has radically changed the situation, for all of the existing routing protocols are designed with an assumption that the participating players and the network environment do not harm the security. It highly contradicts with the reality. Most of the secure routing protocols have the various disadvantages. In this paper a trusted solution is provided for routing in ad hoc network. The routing protocol is modified by relating the security components. Finally, the simulation results of insecure AODV are studied using simulator.
TRUST VALUE ALGORITHM: A SECURE APPROACH AGAINST PACKET DROP ATTACK IN WIRELE...IJNSA Journal
Wireless ad-hoc networks are widely used because these are very easy to deploy. However, there are
various security issues and problems. Two most important issues are interoperability and interaction
among various security technologies which are very important to consider for configuration and
management point of view. The packet drop ratio in the wireless network is very high as well as packets
may be easily delayed by the attacker. Ii is very difficult to detect intruders, so it results into high false
positive rate. Packets may be dropped or delayed by intruders as well as external nodes in wireless
networks. Hence, there is the need of effective intrusion detection system which can detect maximum
number of intruders and the corresponding packets be forwarded through some alternate paths in the
network. In this paper we propose an alternate solution to detect the intruders/adversary with help of trust
value. It would remove the need of inbuilt IDS in the wireless networks and result into improving the
performance of WLAN.
Privacy & Security Aspects in Mobile NetworksDefCamp
Mobile communication is constantly present in our daily life to facilitate personal and business needs. In this context, the security of mobile communication is of great importance.
The talk will introduce the audience into the security of mobile networks, with a focus on individuals' privacy. It will discuss aspects related to privacy and security in different generations of networks from both a theoretical and a practical perspective.
This presentation was showcased during Ladies in Cyber Security, an event organised by DefCamp and Cyber Security Research Center from Romania - CCSIR.
Securing WSN communication using Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement ProtocolIJMTST Journal
Wireless Sensor Networking is one of the most important technologies that have different applications. The
security of wireless sensor networks is a big concern. Hence for secure communication it is important to
detect and prevent the attacks in network. Major focus is given on security and on detection and prevention of
attacks. Adversary can create gray-hole attack and black-hole attack simultaneously. There are many
methods which do not provide proper method to defend against these kinds of attacks. The Ad-hoc On
Demand Distance Vector (AODV) scheme is used for detecting Gray-Hole attack and Enhanced Adaptive
Acknowledgment (EAACK) mechanism is used for detecting black-hole attack in network. But only by
detecting and preventing the attacks, it does not provide the better security to wireless network. Therefore, to
secure network a hybrid mechanism is deployed in wireless sensor network. Security algorithm for wireless
sensor networks such as CAWS and Modern Encryption Standard (MES-1) is used for secure communication.
The CAWS and Modern Encryption Standard (MES-1) is an advanced cryptography method which is used for
encryption and decryption process to provide special security.
Data Transfer Security solution for Wireless Sensor NetworkEditor IJCATR
WSN is a wide growth area for specific resource limited application. Factor associated with technology like, the encryption
security, operating speed and power consumption for network. Here, we introduce a mechanism for secure transferring of data is WSN
and various security related issues. This energy-efficient encryption is a secure communication framework in which an algorithm is
used to encode the sensed data using like, RC5, AES and CAST Algorithm. The proposed scheme is most suitable for wireless sensor
networks that incorporate data centric routing protocols. An algorithm in sensor network is help to designers predict security
performance under a set of constraints for WSNs. This symmetric key function is used to guarantee secure communications between
in-network nodes and reliable operation cost. RC5 is good on the code point of view, but the key schedule consumes more resource
time for efficient security aspects.
This presentation by OnBoard Security's Drew van Duren was given at the IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things
05-08 February 2018 in Singapore. Topics covered include:
– Connected Vehicle Architectures and Applications
– IEEE 1609.2 V2X security stack and uses
– Issues and Lessons Learned in U.S. CV Pilots
– Potential Unmanned aircraft systems (Drones) applications
– Re-tasking V2X security to other uses
TRUST FACTOR AND FUZZY-FIREFLY INTEGRATED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED I...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is one of the rapidly emanating technologies, which has gained attention in a wide range of applications in the fields of military, private sectors, commercials and natural calamities. Securing MANET is a dominant responsibility, and hence, a trust factor and fuzzy based intrusion detection and prevention system is proposed for routing in this paper. Based on the trust values of the nodes, the fuzzy system identifies the intruder, such that the path generated in the MANET is secured. Moreover, an optimization algorithm, entitled Fuzzy integrated Particle Swarm Optimization (FuzzyFPSO), is proposed by the concatenation of the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the optimal path selection in order to provide secure routing. The simulation of the proposed methodology is NS2 simulator and analysis is carried out considering four cases, like without attack, flooding attacks, black hole attack and selective packet drop attack concerning throughput, delay and detection rate. The remarkable evaluation measures of the proposed Fuzzy-FPSO are the maximal throughput of 0.634, minimal delay of 0.044 , maximal detection rate of 0.697 and minimal routing overhead of 0.24550 And the evaluation measure for the case without any attacks are the maximal throughput of 0.762, minimal delay of 0.029 ,maximal detection rate of 0.805 and minimal routing overhead of 0.11511.
Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks and Its SecurityIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks and its security which are characterized by severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. The paper first introduces sensor networks, and discusses security issues and goals along with security problems, threats, and risks in sensor networks. It describes crippling attacks against all of them and suggests countermeasures and design considerations. It gives a brief introduction of proposed security protocol SPINS whose building blocks are SNEP and μTESLA which overcome all the important security threats and problems and achieves security goals like data confidentiality, freshness, authentication in order to provide a secure Wireless Sensor Network
EFFICIENT DETECTION OF SYBIL ATTACK BASED ON CRYPTOGRAPHY IN VANETIJNSA Journal
Vehicular communications play a substantial role in providing safety transportation by means of safety message exchange. Researchers have proposed several solutions for securing safety messages. Protocols based on a fixed key infrastructure are more efficient in implementation and maintain stronger security in comparison with dynamic structures. The purpose of this paper present a method based on a fixed key infrastructure for detection impersonation attack, in other words, Sybil attack, in the vehicular ad hoc network. This attack, puts a great impact on performance of the network. The proposed method, using an cryptography mechanism to detection Sybil attack. Finally, using Mat lab simulator the results of this approach are reviewed, This method it has low delay for detection Sybil attack, because most operations are done in Certification Authority, so this proposed schema is a efficient method for detection Sybil attack.
As the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system are deployed in infrastructures which are critical to the survival of a nation, they have emerged as a potential terrain for cyber-war, thus attracting the considered attention of ‘nation-states’. The analysis of worms like ‘stuxnet’ ‘flame’ and ‘duqu’ reveals the hand of a ‘nation-state’ in their design and deployment. Hence, the necessity to understand various issues in the defence of SCADA systems arises. The forensics of the SCADA system provide deep insight into the design and deployment of the worm (the malware) once the system is attacked. This is precisely the scope of this essay.
RSAC 2021 Spelunking Through the Steps of a Control System HackDan Gunter
Ever wonder what a hack on an industrial process using real-world Tactics Techniques and Procedures (TTP) really looks like? This session will demonstrate an attack step by step from the initial discovery, to the physical impact to reducing the chance of the attack in the first place.
A LIGHT WEIGHT SOLUTION FOR DETECTING DE-AUTHENTICATION ATTACK IJNSA Journal
Nowadays Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are growing very rapidly. Due to the popularity of 802.11 networks, possibilities of various attacks to the wireless network have also increased. In this paper, a special type of attack De-Authentication/disassociation attack has been investigated. In a normal scenario, a wireless client or user sends a de-authentication frame when it wants to terminate the connection. These frames are in plain text and are not encrypted. These are not authenticated by the access point. Attackers take advantage of this, and spoof these packets and disable the communication between the connected client and access point. In this paper, an algorithm based on radio-tap header information is suggested to identify whether there is a De-Authentication attack on the client or not.
Cluster Based Misbehaviour Detection and Authentication Using Threshold Crypt...CSCJournals
In mobile ad hoc networks, the misbehaving nodes can cause dysfunction in the network resulting in damage of other nodes. In order to establish secure communication with the group members of a network, use of a shared group key for confidentiality and authentication is required. Distributing the shares of secret group key to the group members securely is another challenging task in MANET. In this paper, we propose a Cluster Based Misbehavior Detection and Authentication scheme using threshold cryptography in MANET. For secure data transmission, when any node requests a certificate from a cluster head (CH), it utilizes a threshold cryptographic technique to issue the certificate to the requested node for authentication. The certificate of a node is renewed or rejected by CH, based on its trust counter value. An acknowledgement scheme is also included to detect and isolate the misbehaving nodes. By simulation results, we show that the proposed approach reduces the overhead.
Mobile ad-hoc network is a relatively new innovation in the field of wireless technology. These types of networks operate in the absence of fixed infrastructure, which makes them easy to deploy at any place and at any time. Mobile ad-hoc networks are highly dynamic; topology changes and link breakage happen quite frequently. Therefore, we need a security solution, which is dynamic, too. Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is an important issue in need of a solution that not only works well with a small network, but also sustains efficiency and scalability. In ad hoc environment, much of the research has been done focusing on the efficiency of the network. Therefore, there are a number of routing protocols that provide good efficiency. Considering security has radically changed the situation, for all of the existing routing protocols are designed with an assumption that the participating players and the network environment do not harm the security. It highly contradicts with the reality. Most of the secure routing protocols have the various disadvantages. In this paper a trusted solution is provided for routing in ad hoc network. The routing protocol is modified by relating the security components. Finally, the simulation results of insecure AODV are studied using simulator.
Wireless ad hoc networks are autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in a
decentralized manner through multi hop radio network. Wireless nodes form a dynamic network
topology and communicate with each other directly without wireless access point. Wireless networks
are particularly vulnerable to intrusions, as they operate in open medium, and use cooperative
strategies for network communication.
2.espk external agent authentication and session key establishment using publ...EditorJST
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed and deployed in a un attend environment, these are vulnerable to numerous security threats. In this paper, describe the design and implementation of public-key-(PK)-based protocols that allow authentication and session key establishment between a sensor network and a third party. WSN have limitations on computational capacity, battery etc which provides scope for challenging problems. We fundamentally focused on the security issue of WSNs The proposed protocol is efficient and secure in compared to other public key based protocols in WSNs.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Security issues and challenges in MANET,VANET and FANET: A SurveyDr.Irshad Ahmed Sumra
VANET and FANET are next generation network and due to safety applications more attractions for end users in these networks. In this slide, it will provide the survey on security issues and challenges in the field of MANET, VANET and FANET. The successful implementation of these networks in real environment, it is require the network will be secure and end user can take benefit from their life safety applications.
Vulnerability Analysis of 802.11 Authentications and Encryption Protocols: CV...AM Publications
This paper analysis vulnerability of known attacks on WLAN cipher suite, authentication mechanisms and credentials using common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS).
Security Technique and Congestion Avoidance in Mesh Networkijtsrd
Security in wireless network is one of the prime concern in todays Information Age, where information is an asset not only to an organisation but also to an individual. Security to a great extent is able to protect the network from various unauthorized attacks. On the other side implementation of security mechanisms also causes an overhead in terms of increased load in the network. Further the increased load in the network paves path to congestion which degrades the performance of the wireless network. In this paper we try to highlight various challenges pertaining to security in mesh networks and the ways of reducing security threats. We propose an improved version of AODV which has a congestion avoidance mechanism. We also use a security technique called PGP for enhanced security of Mesh network. Mankiran Kaur | Jagjit Kaur"Security Technique and Congestion Avoidance in Mesh Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4690.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/4690/security-technique-and-congestion-avoidance-in-mesh-network/mankiran-kaur
Review of authentication techniques for wireless networks & maneteSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the most popular area of research nowadays due to its tremendous applications (military battlefield, commercial sectors, disaster areas, collaborative work etc). MANET is self organized network where all nodes are mobile in nature and may act as router as well as host because of its autonomous nature. In such a versatile environment, security of the network becomes a major issue. However, due to dynamic topology of the network and mobility of the nodes, it is very hard to achieve security goals such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity, non repudiation and availability. Among all these security goals, authentication is probably the most complex and important issue in MANET. Before communication, we should know to whom exactly we are talking, and then there is a question of protecting the data by means of cryptography. Authentication deals with identity of sender/receiver which is very important and required aspect for MANET where there is no central administration present in the network. In the present work, the issues related to the authentication in MANET, various techniques of authentication used in Traditional Wireless Network, Cellular Networks and especially in MANET along with their applicability and limitations have been discussed, which need to be addressed carefully before real time application of MANET Key Words: MANET, Authentication, Traditional Wireless Network (TWN), Threshold Cryptography, Certificate Authority.
Security in Wireless Sensor Networks Using BroadcastingIJMER
Wireless sensor networks as one of the growing technology in the coming decades has posed various unique challenges to researchers. A WSN typically consists of several base stations and thousands of sensor nodes, which are resource limited devices with low processing, energy, and storage capabilities.While the set of challenges in sensor networks are diverse, we focus on security of Wireless Sensor Network in this paper. As today’s world is growing more towards the Wireless technology, our aim must be towards providing the best security features to Wireless Sensor Network( WSN).We propose some of the security requirements for Wireless Sensor Network. Further, security being vital to the acceptance and use of sensor networks for many applications. We propose an efficient broadcast authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks in this paper.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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A NEW GENERATION OF DRIVER ASSISTANCE AND SECURITY
1. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 6, No. 1/2, April 2017
DOI: 10.5121/ijci.2017.6208 61
A NEW GENERATION OF DRIVER
ASSISTANCE AND SECURITY
Shivam Srivastava1
, Urvashi Hasani2
, Vivek Kumar3
, Lucknesh Kumar4
1,2,3
Student, Department of CSE, Galgotias College of Engineering Technology,
Greater Noida, India
4
Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Galgotias College of Engineering
Technology, Gr. Noida, India
ABSTRACT
Vehicular ad hoc networks are tremendously and very effectively used for safety related applications. Especially
for driver assistance and when it comes to safety of either from an accident or stealing of data VANET is the
future of the all such problems.”A New Generation of Driver Assistance and Security” gives a idea about
VANET and also provide solutions to various problems comes in this. Authentication will be provided by Group
signature and Identity based (ID- based) Signature scheme. The scheme Provides cost effective, highly privacy
preserving of user, efficient message authentication and verification than existing system for VANETs. This
required CA (Central Authority) and LA (Local Authority) where LA is group leader and which has to concern
with CA. This safety technique is efficient, robust, and scalable for VANET’s authentication and provide real-
life solution match with the standard.
KEYWORDS
VANET, CA, LA, RSU, OBU, AU, GPS
1. INTRODUCTION
Now days, the sheer volume of road traffic affects the safety and efficiency of traffic environment.
Approx 1.2 million people are killed each year on the road accidents. Road traffic safety has been the
challenging issue in traffic management. One possible way is to provide the traffic information to the
vehicles so that they can use them to analyse the traffic environment. It can be achieved by
exchanging the information of traffic environment among vehicles. As all the vehicles are mobile in
nature and they change their position every single second hence to provide a static solution can’t solve
the problem. And a survey explains that if driver can get information about 30 seconds ago then the
accident can be avoided.
In VANET there are two types of communication are present one is pure wireless ad hoc network
where vehicle to vehicle without any support of infrastructure. Second is communication between the
road side units (RSU), a fixed infrastructure, and vehicle.
Vehicle to Vehicle communication (V2V):
First mechanism is (V2V), in which a autonomous mobile vehicle stabilized communication to other
autonomous mobile
Vehicles in the wireless network, exchange, transmit, receive valuable information related to traffic
2. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 6, No. 1/2, April 2017
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Vehicle to Infrastructure communication(V2I):
second is a vehicle connect to fixed Road Site Unit infrastructure (RSU) for traffic information,
connect to Central Authority (CA),and connecting to different mobile vehicle node of different
wireless networks or beyond its wireless communication range . Each node in VANET is equipped
with two types of unit i.e. On Board Unit and Application Unit (AU). OBU has the communicational
capability whereas AU executes the program making OBU‘s communicational capabilities. GPS unit
and sensors for communication to other vehicles.Figure-1 Describes the C2C-CC architecture of
VANET.
Figure-1 C2C-CC Architecture
To establish a VANET, IEEE has defined the standard 802.11p or 802.16 (WiMax). A Dedicated
Short Range Communication (DSRC) is proposed which is operating on 5.9GHz band and uses
802.11 access methods. It is standardised as 802.11p which provides short range communication with
low latency. USA has allocated 75MHz of spectrum in the 5.9GHz band for DSRC to be used by
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
2.USER AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS AND ALGORITHMS
User Authentication can be confirmed by a number of protocols and algorithms. Practically, we use a
combination of these protocols as they have higher efficiency as compared to individual protocols.
We discuss here a few of them that are considered most efficient and thus, used widely. For this
authentication system uses CA and LA where both are required for the successful completion of
message sending and receiving. CA will decide which system are free for sending message and which
system is free for receiving messages.
3. SECURITY ISSUES IN VANET
Among all the challenges of the VANET, security got less attention so far. VANET packets contains
life critical information hence it is necessary to make sure that these packets are not inserted or
modified by the attacker; likewise the liability of drivers should also be established that they inform
the traffic environment correctly and within time. These security problems do not similar to general
communication network. But they can be make more secured if we consider those network attacks
also.
3.1 Security Challenges in VANET
The challenges of security must be considered during the design of VANET architecture, security
protocols, cryptographic algorithm etc. The following list presents some security challenges:
3. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 6, No. 1/2, April 2017
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• Real time Constraint: VANET is time critical where safety related message should be
delivered with 100ms transmission delay. So to achieve real time constraint, fast
cryptographic algorithm should be used. Message and entity authentication must be done in
time.
• Data Consistency Liability: In VANET even authenticate node can perform malicious
activities that can cause accidents or disturb the network. Hence a mechanism should be
designed to avoid this inconsistency. Correlation among the received data from different node
on particular information may avoid this type of inconsistency.
• Low tolerance for error: Some protocols are designed on the basis of probability. VANET
uses life critical information on which action is performed in very short time. A small error in
probabilistic algorithm may cause harm.
• Key Distribution: All the security mechanisms implemented in VANET dependent on keys.
Each message is encrypted and need to decrypt at receiver end either with same key or
different key. Also different manufacturer can install keys in different ways and in public key
infrastructure trust on CA become major issue. Therefore distribution of keys among vehicles
is a major challenge in designing a security protocols.
• High Mobility: The computational capability and energy supply in VANET is same as the
wired network node but the high mobility of VANET nodes requires the less execution time
of security protocols for same throughput that wired network produces. Two approaches can
be implementing to meet this requirement.
• Low complexity security algorithms: Current security protocols such as SSL/TLS, DTLS,
WTLS, generally uses RSA based public key cryptography. RSA algorithm uses the integer
factorisation on large prime no. which is NP-Hard. Hence decryption of the message that used
RSA algorithm becomes very complex and time consuming. Hence there is need to
implement alternate cryptographic algorithm like Elliptic curve cryptosystems and lattice
based cryptosystems. For bulk data encryption AES can be used.
4. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS IN VANET
VANET must satisfy some security requirements before they are deployed. A security system in
VANET should satisfy the following requirements:
• Authentication: Authentication ensures that the message is generated by the legitimate user.
In VANET a vehicle reacts upon the information came from the other vehicle hence
• authentication must be satisfied.
• Availability: Availability requires that the information must be available to the legitimate
users. DoS Attacks can bring down the network and hence information cannot be shared.
• Non-Repudiation: Non-repudiation means a node cannot deny that he/she does not transmit
the message. It may be crucial to determine the correct sequence in crash reconstruction.
• Privacy: The privacy of a node against the unauthorised node should be guaranteed. This is
required to eliminate the massage delay attacks.
4. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 6, No. 1/2, April 2017
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• Data Verification: A regular verification of data is required to eliminate the false messaging.
4.1 Attackers on Vehicular Network
To secure the VANET, first we have to discover who are the attacker, their nature, and capacity to
damage the system. On the basis of capacity these attackers may be three types [5].
• Insider and Outsider: Insiders are the authenticated members of network whereas Outsiders
are the intruders and hence limited capacity to attack.
• Malicious and Rational: Malicious attackers have not any personal benefit to attack; they
just harm the functionality of the network. Rational attackers have the personal
• profit hence they are predictable
• Active and Passive: Active attackers generate signals or packet whereas passive attackers
only sense the network.
4.2 Attacks in the VANET
To get better protection from attackers we must have the knowledge about the attacks in VANET
against security requirements. Attacks on different security requirement are given below:
• Impersonate: An impersonation attack is an attack in which an adversary successfully
assumes the identity of one of the legitimate parties in a system. The goal of a
strong identification or entity authentication protocol is to make negligible the probability that
for a given party A, any party C distinct from A, carrying out the protocol and playing the role
of A, can cause another party B to complete and accept A’s identityThis attack can be
performed in two ways:
a) False attribute possession: In this scheme an attacker steals some property of legitimate user and
later with the use of attribute claims that it is who (legitimate user) that sent this message. By using
this type attack a normal vehicle can claim that he/she is a police or fire protector to free the traffic.
b) Sybil: In this type of attack, an attacker use different identities at the same time.
• Session hijacking: sometimes also known as cookie hijacking is the exploitation of a valid
computer session sometimes also called a session key—to gain unauthorized access to
information or services in a computer system.
• Location Tracking: The location of a given moment or the path followed along a period of
time can be used to trace the vehicle and get information of driver.
• Repudiation: Repudiation is the ability of users (legitimate or otherwise) to deny that they
performed specific actions or transactions. Without adequate auditing, repudiation attacks are
difficult to prove Information disclosure. Information disclosure is the unwanted exposure of
private data.
• Eavesdropping: Eavesdropping is the unauthorized real-time interception of a private
communication, such as a phone call, instant message, and videoconference or fax
5. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 6, No. 1/2, April 2017
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transmission. The term eavesdrop derives from the practice of actually standing under the
eaves of a house, listening to conversations inside.
• Denial of Service: DoS attacks are most prominent attack in this category. In this attack
attacker prevents the legitimate user to use the service from the victim node. DoS attacks can
be carried out in many ways.
a) Jamming: In this technique the attacker senses the physical channel and gets the information
about the frequency at which the receiver receives the signal. Then he transmits the signal on
the channel so that channel is jam.
b) SYN Flooding: In this mechanism large no of SYN request is sent to the victim node, spoofing
the sender address. The victim node send back the SYN-ACK to the spoofed address but victim
node does not get any ACK packet in return. This result too half opens connection to handle by a
victim node’s buffer. As a consequence the legitimate request is discarded.
c ) Distributed DoS attack: This is another form Dos attack. In this attack, multiple attackers
attack the victim node and prevents legitimate user from accessing the service.
• Routing attack: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of mobile nodes which are
self-configuring and connected by wireless links automatically as per the defined
routing protocol. These nodes communicate with each other by exchange of packets, which
for those nodes not in wireless range goes hop by hop. Following are the most common
routing attacks in the VANET:
a) Black Hole attack: A packet drop attack or blackhole attack is a type of denial-of-
service attack in which a router that is supposed to relay packets instead discards them. This
usually occurs from a router becoming compromised from a number of different causes.
b) Worm Hole attack: The attacking node captures the packets from one location and transmits
them to other distant located node which distributes them locally. A wormhole attack can
easily be launched by the attacker without having knowledge of the network or compromising
any legitimate nodes or cryptographic mechanisms.
5. PROPOSED WORK
By analyzing the various type of attacks this paper deals with impersonate, session hijacking, location
tracing, identity revealing attacks by developing such kind of secure environment which will be
preventing our vehicles by hiding their reality so that an attacker can be confused.We will be creating
a session, in such a way that acknowledgement signal will be shared between legitimate node and
victim node through Central Authority. Central Authority will have information of each and every
vehicle in encrypted form. Tracking id of vehicle will be changed within fixed time duration by
random generation. Will be covering the confidentiality of data access, by maintaining a primary key
between Central Authority and legitimate user so that in case of urgency, details of legitimate vehicle
can be get from CA directly.
The New Generation of Driver Assistance and Safety aims at following criteria:
• Reduces the chances of accidents between car to car or car to RSU.
• Enhances the security of one vehicle and its messages.
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• It secures the session between two units and use the method of acknowledgement to ensure this
security.
• Hides the personnel information of one unit so that one cannot harm other intentionally.
• Enhances the use of CA so that data centralization become and easy and secure.
The tool used to achieve the specified objectives of the The New Driver Assistance and Security is
OMNET++ and SUMO simulator.
6. CONCLUSION
In the last few years, there is an enormous potential worldwide for increase in vehicle use. Thus,
developing an intelligent transportation system that support both safe driving and comfort application
has received much attention for the automotive industry and government agencies. To reach this goal
and to overcome the VANET challenges, many met heuristics approaches have been used.
This section concludes the dissertation of our research work. This research report developed a secure
Authentication scheme which is random Vehicle Id generation and encrypting password and user
details will be stored by using steganography technique and if one has to
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[9] Ram Shringar Raw1, Manish Kumar1, Nanhay Singh, “SECURITY CHALLENGES, ISSUES AND THEIR
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7. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) Vol. 6, No. 1/2, April 2017
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I am currently pursuing engineering in Computer Science from Galgotias College of Technology. I
am critical thinker and always try to solve old problem with new efficient techniques. Me and my
team worked on this vehicle ad-hoc network to make city an idea city with approximately zero
accident rate.