The document provides a detailed lesson plan about an engine cooling system. It includes objectives, subject matter, procedures, and evaluation. The lesson plan covers the purpose and operation of the cooling system, identifies the five basic parts (water pump, water jackets, thermostat, radiator, fan), and explains how each part works to control the engine's temperature. Students participate in activities like word searches and concept mapping to reinforce their understanding of the cooling system.
This presentation helps you understand the nature of the TOS and Objective -type tests. This will also help you remember some guidelines in making the said test questions. Namaste
Technical Feasibility of Flat Plate Collector Water Heating System with Auto ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Solar energy is the basic source of all the energy
needs of the human kind. Solar energy, in its various forms is
used by human civilization for fulfilling its needs. Water
heating system is one of them. Conventionally, Flat Plate
Collector (FPC) solar water heating system was used for this
purpose. However, with technological development, new and
more advanced systems, which are much more efficient and
cost effective, replaced the FPC market. The developed pilot
scale system in the current paper tries to evaluate the
performance of the FPC by inclusion of an auto tilting
mechanism for utilizing maximum incident solar radiation
throughout the day. Changes in the temperature with respect
to time, and comparison of the temperature variations of the
tilting panel and a fixed panel were recorded, and further, a
suitable mathematical correlation was developed for
prediction of theoretical temperatures.
This presentation helps you understand the nature of the TOS and Objective -type tests. This will also help you remember some guidelines in making the said test questions. Namaste
Technical Feasibility of Flat Plate Collector Water Heating System with Auto ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Solar energy is the basic source of all the energy
needs of the human kind. Solar energy, in its various forms is
used by human civilization for fulfilling its needs. Water
heating system is one of them. Conventionally, Flat Plate
Collector (FPC) solar water heating system was used for this
purpose. However, with technological development, new and
more advanced systems, which are much more efficient and
cost effective, replaced the FPC market. The developed pilot
scale system in the current paper tries to evaluate the
performance of the FPC by inclusion of an auto tilting
mechanism for utilizing maximum incident solar radiation
throughout the day. Changes in the temperature with respect
to time, and comparison of the temperature variations of the
tilting panel and a fixed panel were recorded, and further, a
suitable mathematical correlation was developed for
prediction of theoretical temperatures.
Almost all automobiles employ liquid cooling systems for their engines. A typical automotive cooling system comprises (1) a series of channels cast into the engine block and cylinder head, surrounding the combustion chambers with circulating water or other coolant to carry away excessive heat, (2) a radiator, consisting of many small tubes equipped with a honeycomb of fins to radiate heat rapidly, which receives and cools hot liquid from the engine, (3) a centrifugal-type water pump with which to circulate coolant, (4) a thermostat, which maintains constant temperature by automatically varying the amount of coolant passing into the radiator, and (5) a fan, which draws fresh air through the radiator. For operation at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F), it is necessary to prevent the coolant from freezing. This is usually done by adding some compound, such as ethylene glycol, to depress the freezing point of the coolant. By varying the amount of additive, it is possible to protect against freezing of the coolant down to any minimum temperature normally encountered. Coolants contain corrosion inhibitors designed to make it necessary to drain and refill the cooling system only every few years.
A Control Design reader writes: I often have diffilty tuning PID loops, especially for temperature control applications and servo-motor motion applications. If I use a temperature
controller, the auto-tune built into the device often works well if I follow the manufacturer’s
recommendations. However, if the temperature control or motion control is through a PLC
or other advanced controller, it’s often a long training process to fid the optimum coefiients for the proportional, integral and derivative of the control loop.....
I often have diffilty tuning PID loops, especially for temperature control applications and servo-motor motion applications. If I use a temperature controller, the auto-tune built into the device often works well if I follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
(
ME- 495 Laboratory Exercise
–
Number 1
– Brayton Cycle -
ME Department, SDSU
-
Nourollahi
) (
11
)Brayton Cycle (Gas Turbine Power Cycle)
Objective
The objective of this lab exercise is to gain practical knowledge of the Brayton cycle. The Brayton cycle illustrates the cold-air-standard assumption (constant specific heats at room temperature) model of a gas turbine power cycle. A portable propulsion laboratory[footnoteRef:1] containing a Model SR-30 turbojet is used in this exercise. The student shall apply the basic equations for Brayton cycle analysis by using empirical measurements at different points in the Brayton cycle. [1: Manufactured by Turbine Technologies Ltd. Called TTL Mini-Lab]
Figure 1: TTL Mini-Lab manufactured by Turbine Technologies Ltd. (TTL)Background
A simple gas turbine engine has three main components: a compressor section, a combustion chamber and a turbine section. Basic operation entails drawing atmospheric air into the compressor where it is heated through compression. The compressed and heated air is mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber. The air/fuel mixture burns at constant pressure in the combustion chamber. The resulting hot gas is directed to the turbine section where it expands. As the gas expands it produces a thrust reaction and performs work by turning the turbine. The turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft. The resulting shaft work is used to drive the compressor and auxiliary power supplies.
The gas turbine has wide spread application. Most notably, it is used to power and propel aircraft and large ships. In some cases only the thrust resulting from the expanding gas exiting the turbine is used for propulsion and the shaft work is used to drive the compressor and power electrical systems. In turbo-fan engines some of the shaft work is used to drive a large fan that aids in propulsion. In other applications, such as helicopters and ships, propulsion is achieved through the shaft work, which is used to drive transmission/gear boxes that are connected to the rotor blades or propeller, respectively. Gas turbines are also commonly used to drive large electrical generators in power plant applications.Theory
The Brayton cycle consists of four basic processes (see Figure3 & 4). Low-pressure air is drawn into the compressor section and undergoes isentropic compression. Next, the heated and compressed air is combined with fuel in the combustion chamber. The air/fuel mixture experiences reversible constant pressure heat addition. The resulting hot gas enters the turbine section where it undergoes isentropic expansion. To complete the cycle (the exhaust and intake in the open cycle) the gas experiences reversible constant pressure heat rejection.
Thermodynamics and the First Law of Thermodynamics determine the overall energy transfer. The following assumptions are used when analyzing the gas turbine cycles:
1. The working fluid (air) is an ideal gas throughout the cycle.
2. The combust ...
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
A detailed lesson plan in automotive
1. A Detailedlessonplaninautomotive
I. OBJECTIVES
1. Identifyanddiscussthe purpose andoperationof coolingsystem.
2. Appreciate the significanceof engine coolingsystem.
3. Applythe basicparts of coolingsystemlearnedinengine.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
Topic:engine coolingsystem
Materials:visual aids,pictures,video.
References:automotive mechanic,crouse-anglin,pp.315.
III. PROCEDURE
TEACHERS ACTIVITIES STUDENTSACTIVITIES
Good morningeveryone! Good morningsir!
What was ourlessonlastmeeting? Sir it’sall about lubricatingsystem.
Didyou understandthe pastlesson? Okay verygood!
2. MOTIVATION
Teacher’sactivities Studentsactivities
Showa picture of engine
What picturesdoyou see onthe board? Sir itis an engine.
Verygood!
2. Teacher’sactivities student’sactivities
How doesan engine work?
Yes studentA. Sir an engine worksthroughusing
a gasoline ordiesel.
Yes correct!
Why an engine doesn’tgetoverheated?
YesstudentB. Sir,basedon whatI see on the
boat and automobile,some of them
useswaterandevena purifiedwater
to maintainthe temperature of
engine.
Correct!
B. PRESENTATION
Teacher’sactivities student’sactivities
Today,we are goingto discussedaboutan
“engine coolingsystem”.
But before we are goingto discussed,
we will have anactivityfirst.Postedonthe board
isa” wordsearch puzzle”.Whatyouare goingto do
isto findwordsliston the right.The wordsmay appear
horizontally,vertically,diagonally(backward/upward)
Whenyou findthe words,circle iton the puzzle,thencrossit
off on the list.
I will call five studentstodothe jobor activity.
Upon completionof the wordsearchpuzzle,participants
will be call tosay somethingorexplainthe wordstheyhave encircled,
basedon whattheyunderstand.
3. X S F A N L M P R V X Y
W A T E R P U M P N X O
A O V H H I S K B J A P
T U O K E N T D C K P L
E Z E R O R O L F N L N
R N Q I S T M Q J P M F
J E L B W X Q O H Q N R
A K K A E O Z N S W Y S
C E L B W Y S J T T P K
K A D R S T U N L A A L
E T A B I E O N O B I T
T Q R T S N N V P K M K
S T S K A T Q W Q L D J
R A D I A T O R V M A O
4. ANALYSIS
TEACHER’SACTIVITIES STUDENTSACTIVITIES
What do youthinkthe purpose of coolingsystem?
Yes studentA? Sirit keepsanengine inan
Efficienttemperature.
Yes,the coolingsystemkeepsthe engine
At itsmostefficienttemperatureatall speeds
Andoperatingconditions.
What will happenif thisheatinanengine will
Nottakenaway?
Yes studentB. Sir if thisheatwill nottaken
Awayinengine,itwill cause
The damagesparts inengine.
Yes correct!
Thisis one of the three jobsperformedby
The coolingsystem.Coolingsystemalso
Helpsbringthe engine uptonormal operating
Temperature asquicklyaspossible.
4. TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENTSACTIVITIES
Nowhowthe coolingsystemworks?
Yes studentC? The coolingsystemworksbysending
The liquidcoolanttothe engine blocks
and headsof engine.
Verygood!
AsstudentC saidthe coolingsystemsenda
Liquidcoolantthroughthe passagesof the engine
Blocksand heads.Asthe coolantflowsthroughthis
Passagesitpicksup heatfromthe engine.Thisheated
Fluidmakesitswaythroughthe radiator,as it flows
Throughthe thintubesinthe radiatorthishot liquid
Is cooledbythe air stream.Once this fluidiscooled
It returnsto the engine toabsorbmore heat.
There are five basicpartsof coolingsystemtodo
The jobincontrollingenginetemperature.
What are those?
Yes studentA? Sir the five basicparts of cooling
systemare waterpump,waterjackets
Thermostat,radiatorandfun.
As youcan see the picture (presentthe picture)
The cylinderblockandcylinderheadhave internal
Passagesorwater jackets,the coolantorantifreeze
Flowsthroughhere andpicksup some heat,andcool
5. Cool the metal parts andit heatsthe coolant.
Andthisis the jobdone by the waterpuma,
Water pumppushesthe hot coolantoutof the waterjackets
And through the radiator.
How the radiator works?
Yes studentB? Sirin the radiator the coolant
Losesheatto the passingair.
Yes the radiatoris alsocalledheatexchanger,it
Has two setsof passages.One setisfor the coolant
Andthe other isfor outside air.Once the coolant
Flowshere inthe radiatorthe coolantlosesheat
To the passingair and flowsbackagainthrough the water
Jacketsand pickup heatagain.
What isthe purpose of thermostat?
Yes studentC? sirthe purpose of thermostatIt
Allowsthe coolanttoflow.
Yes verygood.The purpose of thermostat
Is to controlsthe coolantflow.Whenanengine iscooled
The thermostatclosestopreventthe circulationtoradiator.
As the engine warmsupthe thermostatopenstoallow coolant
Flowthroughthe radiator.
6. What will happenif the thermostatfailure?
Yes studentA? Sirthe engine will get
Overheatedbecausethe coolant
Flowsthroughhere cannotcirculate
Will tothe radiator.
Yes verygood!
Thisis one alsoperformedbythe fan.
Fan pullsorpushesoutside airthrough
The radiator. Thisimprovesengine coolingespecially
At idle lowspeed.
3. Abstraction
TEACHERS ACTIVITIES STUDENTSACTIVITIES
Anyquestionorclarification? Nosir.
Nowwe’ll have anactivity.Let’s findoutif youreally
Understandthe lesson.
I have here a “conceptmap worksheet”withatopic
As the keyword.What are yougoingto do isto think
Andwrite the wordson the map that relate tothe focal
Word.
I will call five studenttowrite oneveryclusterthe thingsthat
Theyhave learnedfromthe topic.
7. Anyquestion? None teacher.
4. APPLICATION
TEACHERS ACTIVITIES STUDENTSACTIVITIES
Thistime well have anactivityIhave here
Picturesaboutthe five basicparts of coolingsystem
What are youare goingto do isto put the namesthat
Fiton the picturesandexplainitsoperation.
Five studentswillbe called.
5 BASIC
PARTS OF
COOLING
SYSTEM
Water
jackets
thermostat radiator
water
pump
fan
8. IV. EVALUATION
1. What iscoolingsystem?
2. What are the five basicpartsof coolingsystem
Andexplaineachpart?
V. ASSIGNMENT
For yourassignmenthave aresearchmore about engine cooling
System.Use any automotive boolsormodulesforyourreferences.
PREPARED BY:
CARLO R. MABUBAY
DIT-2