The outputs of this research is a design and implement a model using data mining to detect fraud cases targeting telecom environment where a huge volume of data should to be processed based on cloud computing infrastructure we will build using the most popular and powerful cloud computing framework MapReduce. We will use Data obtained from call details record (CDR) in billing repository and the result is subscriber subset that classified as fraudulent subscription in near online mode. This will help to reduce time in detecting fraud events and enhance revenue assurance team ability to identify fraudulent cases efficiently.
Telecom Fraud Detection - Naive Bayes ClassificationMaruthi Nataraj K
To create a fraud management classification model that is powerful enough to handle the subscription fraud that the company has encountered and flexible enough to potentially apply to things that had not been witnessed yet
How to Prevent Telecom Fraud in Real-TimeAlan Percy
Telecommunications fraud continues to plaque the industry with ever increasingly sophisticated methods and tools. From simple theft of services to international premium toll rate calling scams, stories of service providers and enterprises being stuck with thousands of dollars of fraudulent calls is a common occurrence that can be financially devastating. The Communications Fraud Control Association reports that in 2015, service providers suffered over 22 billion dollars in fraud.
During this “How To” session we will be joined by the experts from Jerasoft, showing various methods that utilize real-time billing systems and Session Border Controller software to stop fraud in its tracks!
Telecommunication Fraud Detection and PreventionSumera Khan
Telecommunication fraud is the use of telecommunication products or services with the intent of illegitimately acquiring money from, or deteriorating to pay, a telecommunication company or its clients. E.g. PBX/IP-PBX Fraud: The hacking of a PBX to initiate long distance and high case destination calling by fraudsters.
Telecom Fraud Detection - Naive Bayes ClassificationMaruthi Nataraj K
To create a fraud management classification model that is powerful enough to handle the subscription fraud that the company has encountered and flexible enough to potentially apply to things that had not been witnessed yet
How to Prevent Telecom Fraud in Real-TimeAlan Percy
Telecommunications fraud continues to plaque the industry with ever increasingly sophisticated methods and tools. From simple theft of services to international premium toll rate calling scams, stories of service providers and enterprises being stuck with thousands of dollars of fraudulent calls is a common occurrence that can be financially devastating. The Communications Fraud Control Association reports that in 2015, service providers suffered over 22 billion dollars in fraud.
During this “How To” session we will be joined by the experts from Jerasoft, showing various methods that utilize real-time billing systems and Session Border Controller software to stop fraud in its tracks!
Telecommunication Fraud Detection and PreventionSumera Khan
Telecommunication fraud is the use of telecommunication products or services with the intent of illegitimately acquiring money from, or deteriorating to pay, a telecommunication company or its clients. E.g. PBX/IP-PBX Fraud: The hacking of a PBX to initiate long distance and high case destination calling by fraudsters.
Detecting fraud in cellular telephone networksJamal Meselmani
A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree in "MBA" by Hiyam Ali El Tawashi
Telecommunication fraud is a problem that has grown dramatically over the past ten years.
Fraud become a serious global issue for mobile network service providers, it has
undoubtedly become a significant source of revenue losses and bad debts to
telecommunication industry, and with the expected continuing growth in revenue it can be
expected that fraud will increase proportionally.
The research project therefore, focused on how Jawwal Company managing and detecting
the fraud, in order to modify the current tools for more effective fraud prevention and
detection, for this reason the researcher undertook a set of actions that are reported as
follow:
First step it was necessary to understand the problem of telecom fraud, then to know what
makes people perpetrate the fraud, and which are the most prevalent fraud types that are
occurring, clarifying which is the likely products and services to be attacked, what source
of information to facilitate the fraud, how fraudsters perpetrate the fraud finally explaining
the fraud detection and prevention procedures.
Then apply the study on Jawwal Company as study case, by distributing 200
questionnaires to targeted sections, and analyzing the result which shows that the current
fraud management at Jawwal Company is not efficient and needs to be modified.
Billions of dollars of loss are caused every year by fraudulent credit card transactions. The design of efficient fraud detection algorithms is key for reducing these losses, and more and more algorithms rely on advanced machine learning techniques to assist fraud investigators. The design of fraud detection algorithms is however particularly challenging due to the non-stationary distribution of the data, the highly unbalanced classes distributions and the availability of few transactions labeled by fraud investigators. At the same time public data are scarcely available for confidentiality issues, leaving unanswered many questions about what is the best strategy. In this thesis we aim to provide some answers by focusing on crucial issues such as: i) why and how under sampling is useful in the presence of class imbalance (i.e. frauds are a small percentage of the transactions), ii) how to deal with unbalanced and evolving data streams (non-stationarity due to fraud evolution and change of spending behavior), iii) how to assess performances in a way which is relevant for detection and iv) how to use feedbacks provided by investigators on the fraud alerts generated. Finally, we design and assess a prototype of a Fraud Detection System able to meet real-world working conditions and that is able to integrate investigators’ feedback to generate accurate alerts.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Recognized as the industry leader in analytics and with more than 36 years of experi¬ence, SAS provides a framework of capabilities to help insurers significantly improve their fraud management processes. With SAS, you get:
• A hybrid approach to fraud detection, including link analysis
• Streamlined case management. Systematically facilitate investigations, and cap¬ture and display all pertinent information without corrupting the system with duplicate data entry.
• Advanced text analytics and data mining.
TM Forum Fraud Management Group Activities - Presented at TM Forum's Manageme...cVidya Networks
Tal Eisner, Senior Director Product Strategy at cVidya and Deputy Chair of the TM Forum Fraud Management Group, presented at TM Forum's Management World 2012 in Dublin on the Fraud Management Group Activities
Detecting Fraud Using Transaction Frequency DataITIIIndustries
Despite all attempts to prevent fraud, it continues to be a major threat to industry and government. In this paper, we present a fraud detection method which detects irregular frequency of transaction usage in an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. We discuss the design, development and empirical evaluation of outlier detection and distance measuring techniques to detect frequency-based anomalies within an individual user’s profile, relative to other similar users. Primarily, we propose three automated techniques: a univariate method, called Boxplot which is based on the sample’s median; and two multivariate methods which use Euclidean distance, for detecting transaction frequency anomalies within each transaction profile. The two multivariate approaches detect potentially fraudulent activities by identifying: (1) users where the Euclidean distance between their transaction-type set is above a certain threshold and (2) users/data points that lie far apart from other users/clusters or represent a small cluster size, using k-means clustering. The proposed methodology allows an auditor to investigate the transaction frequency anomalies and adjust the different parameters, such as the outlier threshold and the Euclidean distance threshold values to tune the number of alerts. The novelty of the proposed technique lies in its ability to automatically trigger alerts from transaction profiles, based on transaction usage performed over a period of time. Experiments were conducted using a real dataset obtained from the production client of a large organization using SAP R/3 (presently the most predominant ERP system), to run its business. The results of this empirical research demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Survey of Online Credit Card Fraud Detection using Data Mining TechniquesIJSRD
Nowadays the use of credit card has increased, because the amount of online transaction is growing. With the day to day use of credit card for payment online as well as regular purchase, case of fraud associated with it is also rising. To reduce the huge financial loss caused by frauds, a number of modern techniques have been developed for fraud detection which is based on data mining, neural network, genetic algorithm etc. Here a survey of techniques for online credit card fraud detection using Hidden Markov Model, Genetic Algorithm and Hybrid Model, and comparison between them has been shown.
A Study on Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learningijtsrd
Due to the high level of growth in each number of transactions done using credit card has led to high rise in fraudulent activities. Fraud is one of the major issues related to credit card business, since each individual do more of offline or online purchase of product via internet there is need to developed a secured approach of detecting if the credit card been used is a fraudulent transaction or not. Pattern involves in the fraud detection has to be re analyze to change from reactive approach to a proactive approach. In this paper, our objectives are to detect at least 95 of fraudulent activities using machine learning to deployed anomaly detection system such as logistic regression, k nearest neighbor and support vector machine algorithm. Ajayi Kemi Patience | Dr. Lakshmi J. V. N "A Study on Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30688.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30688/a-study-on-credit-card-fraud-detection-using-machine-learning/ajayi-kemi-patience
SAS Fraud Framework for Insurance, an end-to-end solution for preventing, detecting and managing claims fraud across the various lines of business within today's insurers
Excellent Presentation done by Chris West, CDGcommerce owner. In this presentation Chris will educate you on how to better protect your business against fraudulent transactions using AVS scrubbing, VbV/MSC, among several others tools provided by CDGcommerce.
www.cdgcommerce.com
Online Payment System using Steganography and Visual Cryptographyijtsrd
A galloping expansion in E commerce market has been marked lately across worldwide. Constantly progressive vogue of online purchase, debit or credit card fraud and personalized data security are the most significant distress for the customers, merchants and banks particularly in the case of CNP Card Not Present . This Report bestows a new approach for delivering only the finite and precise information that is essential for fund transfer over online purchasing thereby safeguarding the customer data and accelerating customer confidence and averting identity theft. And this method applies a merged application of steganography and visual cryptography for this purpose. Vishnu Anil "Online Payment System using Steganography and Visual Cryptography" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30841.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/30841/online-payment-system-using-steganography-and-visual-cryptography/vishnu-anil
This session will go into best practices and detail on how to architect a near real-time application on Hadoop using an end-to-end fraud detection case study as an example. It will discuss various options available for ingest, schema design, processing frameworks, storage handlers and others, available for architecting this fraud detection application and walk through each of the architectural decisions among those choices.
Detecting fraud in cellular telephone networksJamal Meselmani
A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree in "MBA" by Hiyam Ali El Tawashi
Telecommunication fraud is a problem that has grown dramatically over the past ten years.
Fraud become a serious global issue for mobile network service providers, it has
undoubtedly become a significant source of revenue losses and bad debts to
telecommunication industry, and with the expected continuing growth in revenue it can be
expected that fraud will increase proportionally.
The research project therefore, focused on how Jawwal Company managing and detecting
the fraud, in order to modify the current tools for more effective fraud prevention and
detection, for this reason the researcher undertook a set of actions that are reported as
follow:
First step it was necessary to understand the problem of telecom fraud, then to know what
makes people perpetrate the fraud, and which are the most prevalent fraud types that are
occurring, clarifying which is the likely products and services to be attacked, what source
of information to facilitate the fraud, how fraudsters perpetrate the fraud finally explaining
the fraud detection and prevention procedures.
Then apply the study on Jawwal Company as study case, by distributing 200
questionnaires to targeted sections, and analyzing the result which shows that the current
fraud management at Jawwal Company is not efficient and needs to be modified.
Billions of dollars of loss are caused every year by fraudulent credit card transactions. The design of efficient fraud detection algorithms is key for reducing these losses, and more and more algorithms rely on advanced machine learning techniques to assist fraud investigators. The design of fraud detection algorithms is however particularly challenging due to the non-stationary distribution of the data, the highly unbalanced classes distributions and the availability of few transactions labeled by fraud investigators. At the same time public data are scarcely available for confidentiality issues, leaving unanswered many questions about what is the best strategy. In this thesis we aim to provide some answers by focusing on crucial issues such as: i) why and how under sampling is useful in the presence of class imbalance (i.e. frauds are a small percentage of the transactions), ii) how to deal with unbalanced and evolving data streams (non-stationarity due to fraud evolution and change of spending behavior), iii) how to assess performances in a way which is relevant for detection and iv) how to use feedbacks provided by investigators on the fraud alerts generated. Finally, we design and assess a prototype of a Fraud Detection System able to meet real-world working conditions and that is able to integrate investigators’ feedback to generate accurate alerts.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Recognized as the industry leader in analytics and with more than 36 years of experi¬ence, SAS provides a framework of capabilities to help insurers significantly improve their fraud management processes. With SAS, you get:
• A hybrid approach to fraud detection, including link analysis
• Streamlined case management. Systematically facilitate investigations, and cap¬ture and display all pertinent information without corrupting the system with duplicate data entry.
• Advanced text analytics and data mining.
TM Forum Fraud Management Group Activities - Presented at TM Forum's Manageme...cVidya Networks
Tal Eisner, Senior Director Product Strategy at cVidya and Deputy Chair of the TM Forum Fraud Management Group, presented at TM Forum's Management World 2012 in Dublin on the Fraud Management Group Activities
Detecting Fraud Using Transaction Frequency DataITIIIndustries
Despite all attempts to prevent fraud, it continues to be a major threat to industry and government. In this paper, we present a fraud detection method which detects irregular frequency of transaction usage in an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. We discuss the design, development and empirical evaluation of outlier detection and distance measuring techniques to detect frequency-based anomalies within an individual user’s profile, relative to other similar users. Primarily, we propose three automated techniques: a univariate method, called Boxplot which is based on the sample’s median; and two multivariate methods which use Euclidean distance, for detecting transaction frequency anomalies within each transaction profile. The two multivariate approaches detect potentially fraudulent activities by identifying: (1) users where the Euclidean distance between their transaction-type set is above a certain threshold and (2) users/data points that lie far apart from other users/clusters or represent a small cluster size, using k-means clustering. The proposed methodology allows an auditor to investigate the transaction frequency anomalies and adjust the different parameters, such as the outlier threshold and the Euclidean distance threshold values to tune the number of alerts. The novelty of the proposed technique lies in its ability to automatically trigger alerts from transaction profiles, based on transaction usage performed over a period of time. Experiments were conducted using a real dataset obtained from the production client of a large organization using SAP R/3 (presently the most predominant ERP system), to run its business. The results of this empirical research demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Survey of Online Credit Card Fraud Detection using Data Mining TechniquesIJSRD
Nowadays the use of credit card has increased, because the amount of online transaction is growing. With the day to day use of credit card for payment online as well as regular purchase, case of fraud associated with it is also rising. To reduce the huge financial loss caused by frauds, a number of modern techniques have been developed for fraud detection which is based on data mining, neural network, genetic algorithm etc. Here a survey of techniques for online credit card fraud detection using Hidden Markov Model, Genetic Algorithm and Hybrid Model, and comparison between them has been shown.
A Study on Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learningijtsrd
Due to the high level of growth in each number of transactions done using credit card has led to high rise in fraudulent activities. Fraud is one of the major issues related to credit card business, since each individual do more of offline or online purchase of product via internet there is need to developed a secured approach of detecting if the credit card been used is a fraudulent transaction or not. Pattern involves in the fraud detection has to be re analyze to change from reactive approach to a proactive approach. In this paper, our objectives are to detect at least 95 of fraudulent activities using machine learning to deployed anomaly detection system such as logistic regression, k nearest neighbor and support vector machine algorithm. Ajayi Kemi Patience | Dr. Lakshmi J. V. N "A Study on Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30688.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30688/a-study-on-credit-card-fraud-detection-using-machine-learning/ajayi-kemi-patience
SAS Fraud Framework for Insurance, an end-to-end solution for preventing, detecting and managing claims fraud across the various lines of business within today's insurers
Excellent Presentation done by Chris West, CDGcommerce owner. In this presentation Chris will educate you on how to better protect your business against fraudulent transactions using AVS scrubbing, VbV/MSC, among several others tools provided by CDGcommerce.
www.cdgcommerce.com
Online Payment System using Steganography and Visual Cryptographyijtsrd
A galloping expansion in E commerce market has been marked lately across worldwide. Constantly progressive vogue of online purchase, debit or credit card fraud and personalized data security are the most significant distress for the customers, merchants and banks particularly in the case of CNP Card Not Present . This Report bestows a new approach for delivering only the finite and precise information that is essential for fund transfer over online purchasing thereby safeguarding the customer data and accelerating customer confidence and averting identity theft. And this method applies a merged application of steganography and visual cryptography for this purpose. Vishnu Anil "Online Payment System using Steganography and Visual Cryptography" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30841.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/30841/online-payment-system-using-steganography-and-visual-cryptography/vishnu-anil
This session will go into best practices and detail on how to architect a near real-time application on Hadoop using an end-to-end fraud detection case study as an example. It will discuss various options available for ingest, schema design, processing frameworks, storage handlers and others, available for architecting this fraud detection application and walk through each of the architectural decisions among those choices.
This is the presentation at the successful completion of 'Kanthaka'- Big Data CDR (Caller Detail Record) Analyzer, a system to support near real time complex promotion at telecom operators. This includes the details of technology selection, system architecture and final test results on a dual core machine with 3GB RAM and a cluster with two such nodes.
Survey on Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Different Data Mining Techniquesijsrd.com
In today's world of e-commerce, credit card payment is the most popular and most important mean of payment due to fast technology. As the usage of credit card has increased the number of fraud transaction is also increasing. Credit card fraud is very serious and growing problem throughout the world. This paper represents the survey of various fraud detection techniques through which fraud can be detected. Although there are serious fraud detection technology exits based on data mining, knowledge discovery but they are not capable to detect the fraud at a time when fraudulent transaction are in progress so two techniques Neural Network and Hidden Markov Model(HMM) are capable to detect the fraudulent transaction is in progress. HMM categorizes card holder profile as low, medium, and high spending on their spending behavior. A set of probability is assigned to each cardholder for amount of transaction. The amount of incoming transaction is matched with cardholder previous transaction, if it is justified a predefined threshold value then a transaction is considered as a legitimate else it is considered as a fraud.
PayPal's Fraud Detection with Deep Learning in H2O World 2014Sri Ambati
PayPal's Fraud Detection with Deep Learning in H2O World 2014 -
Flexible Deployment, Seamlessly with Big Data, Accuracy and Responsive support.
- Powered by the open source machine learning software H2O.ai. Contributors welcome at: https://github.com/h2oai
- To view videos on H2O open source machine learning software, go to: https://www.youtube.com/user/0xdata
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017LinkedIn
We analyzed all the recruiting activity on LinkedIn this year and identified the Top Skills employers seek. Starting Oct 24, learn these skills and much more for free during the Week of Learning.
#AlwaysBeLearning https://learning.linkedin.com/week-of-learning
Data Mining in Telecommunication Industryijsrd.com
Telecommunication companies today are operating in highly competitive and challenging environment. Vast volume of data is generated from various operational systems and these are used for solving many business problems that required urgent handling. These data include call detail data, customer data and network data. Data Mining methods and business intelligence technology are widely used for handling the business problems in this industry. The goal of this paper is to provide a broad review of data mining concepts.
ISSN 2395-650X
The "International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Sciences journal appears to be a valuable resource for those interested in staying updated on the latest developments and research in these important scientific fields of Life and science journal.
An intrusion detection algorithm for amiIJCI JOURNAL
Nowadays, using the smart metering devices for energy users to manage a wide variety of subscribers,
reading devices for measuring, billing, disconnection and connection of subscribers’ connection
management is an important issue. The performance of these intelligent systems is based on information
transfer in the context of information technology, so reported data from network should be managed to
avoid the malicious activities that including the issues that could affect the quality of service the system. In
this paper for control of the reported data and to ensure the veracity of the obtained information, using
intrusion detection system is proposed based on the support vector machine and principle component
analysis (PCA) to recognize and identify the intrusions and attacks in the smart grid. Here, the operation of
intrusion detection systems for different kernel of SVM when using support vector machine (SVM) and PCA
simultaneously is studied. To evaluate the algorithm, based on data KDD99, numerical simulation is done
on five different kernels for an intrusion detection system using support vector machine with PCA
simultaneously. Also comparison analysis is investigated for presented intrusion detection algorithm in
terms of time - response, rate of increase network efficiency and increase system error and differences in
the use or lack of use PCA. The results indicate that correct detection rate and the rate of attack error
detection have best value when PCA is used, and when the core of algorithm is radial type, in SVM
algorithm reduces the time for data analysis and enhances performance of intrusion detection.
SECURING MOBILE AGENTS IN MANET AGAINST ATTACKS USING TRUSTIJNSA Journal
The emerging trend of using mobile agents for mobile adhoc network (MANET) applications intensifies the need for protecting them. Here we propose a distributed trust based framework to protect both the agents and the host platforms (running at the nodes) especially against threats of the underlying environment where agents may get killed or rerouted by visiting hosts. The best way to defend against this situation is to prevent both the hosts and agents from communicating with the malicious ones. In this regard this paper develops a distributed reputation model of MANET using concepts from DempsterShafer theory. The agents (deployed for some purposes like ervice discovery) while roaming in the networkwork collaboratively with the hosts they visit to form a consistent trust view of MANET. An agent may exchange information about suspected nodes with a visiting host. To speed up convergence, information about an unknown node can be solicited from trusted neighborhood. Thus an inactive node, without deploying agents may also get a partial view of the network. The agents can use combination of encryption and digital signature to provide privacy and authentication services. Node mobility and the effect of environmental noise are considered. The results show the robustness of our proposed scheme even in bigger networks.
A Privacy-Aware Tracking and Tracing SystemIJCNCJournal
The ability to track and trace assets in the supply chain is becoming increasingly important. In addition to asset tracking, the technologies used provide new opportunities for collecting and analyzing employee position and biometric data. As a result, these technologies can be used to monitor performance or track worker behavior, resulting in additional risks and stress for employees. Furthermore, contact tracing systems used to contain the COVID-19 outbreak have made positive patients' privacy public, resulting in violations of users' rights and even endangering their lives. To resolve this situation, a verifiable attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme based on homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge identification (ZKI) is proposed, with ZKI providing anonymity for data owners to resist tracking attacks and homomorphic encryption used to solve the problem of privacy leakage from location inquiries returned from a semi-honest server. Finally, theoretical security analysis and formal security verification show that our scheme is secure against the chosen plaintext attack (CPA) and other attacks. Besides that, our novel scheme is efficient enough in terms of user-side computation overhead for practical applications.
A Privacy-Aware Tracking and Tracing SystemIJCNCJournal
The ability to track and trace assets in the supply chain is becoming increasingly important. In addition to asset tracking, the technologies used provide new opportunities for collecting and analyzing employee position and biometric data. As a result, these technologies can be used to monitor performance or track worker behavior, resulting in additional risks and stress for employees. Furthermore, contact tracing systems used to contain the COVID-19 outbreak have made positive patients' privacy public, resulting in violations of users' rights and even endangering their lives. To resolve this situation, a verifiable attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme based on homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge identification (ZKI) is proposed, with ZKI providing anonymity for data owners to resist tracking attacks and homomorphic encryption used to solve the problem of privacy leakage from location inquiries returned from a semi-honest server. Finally, theoretical security analysis and formal security verification show that our scheme is secure against the chosen plaintext attack (CPA) and other attacks. Besides that, our novel scheme is efficient enough in terms of user-side computation overhead for practical applications.
A NOVEL CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING SCHEME IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKSIJNSA Journal
Because of the lack of infrastructure in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), their proper functioning must rely on co-operations among mobile nodes. However, mobile nodes tend to save their own resources and may be reluctant to forward packets for other nodes. One approach to encourage co-operations among
nodes is to reward nodes that forward data for others. Such an incentive-based scheme requires a charging and accounting framework to control and manage rewards and fines (collected from users committing infractions). In this paper, we propose a novel charging and accounting scheme for MANETs. We present a detailed description of the proposed scheme and demonstrate its effectiveness via formal proofs and simulation results [15]. We develop a theoretical game model that offers advice to network administrators about the allocation of resources for monitoring mobile nodes. The solution provides the optimal monitoring probability, which discourages nodes from cheating because the gain would be compensated by
the penalty.
Similar to A data mining framework for fraud detection in telecom based on MapReduce (Proposal) (20)
37 c 551 - reduced changes in the carrier of steganography algorithmMohammed Kharma
Steganography is the science that involves
communicating secret information in an appropriate
carrier so no one apart from the sender and the recipient
even can recognize that there is hidden
information. Steganography is the art of hiding
messages inside unsuspicious medium such as images,
videos, various types of files…etc. It's a method to
establish a secure communication channel between two
parties. The purpose of steganography is to hide the
existence of a message from an eavesdropper or third
parties. Steganalysis is the branch of data processing
that seeks the identification of carrier vessels and
retrieval of message hidden. In this paper we present
enhanced implementation for Steganography algorithm,
an algorithm that we claim to be safe, built over DCT
(Discrete Cosine Transformation) frequency
domain mutation[12], the algorithm uses error reductive
measurements such as pattern matching to obtain
a reasonable a better image quality by reducing number
of changes that steganography algorithm made during
the embedding process.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
A data mining framework for fraud detection in telecom based on MapReduce (Proposal)
1. A data mining framework for fraud detection in telecom based
on MapReduce
By
Mohammed Fahmi Kharma
May 31, 2011
2. Table of Contents
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................3
Background ...............................................................................................................................................4
Related work.............................................................................................................................................6
Contribution..............................................................................................................................................7
General Objective .....................................................................................................................................7
Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................................................7
Scope of the work .....................................................................................................................................8
The added value of our work....................................................................................................................8
Methodology.............................................................................................................................................8
Time table ...............................................................................................................................................10
References ..............................................................................................................................................10
3. Introduction
During the last years, Word have seen a rapid growing and expansion in modern
technology especially in telecommunication and internet, in parallel with this development fraud
events are increasing dramatically where it is causing major losses estimated by billions of
dollars throughout the worldwide yearly. According to Concise Oxford dictionary fraud is a
wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain.
MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and
generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that processes a key/value pair to
generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a reduce function that merges all intermediate
values associated with the same intermediate key [1], MapReduce model use two operations for
computation: map and reduce, map operation should executed before reduce operation, and it’s a
commonly style in functional programming languages. Each map operation applies computation
to a key-value pair, and the result is one or more key-value pairs that are fed as input to the
reduce step. Each reduce operation receives a list of key-value pairs which share the same key,
and reduces these pairs by aggregating the results into one or more values for this key.
MapReduce framework automatically parallelizes and executes on a large cluster of machines.
The run-time system takes care of the details of partitioning the input data, scheduling the
program’s execution across a set of machines, handling machine failures, and managing the
required inter-machine communication. This enables programmers with no experience in parallel
and distributed systems programming to easily utilize the resources of a large distributed system.
The main idea inside MapReduce framework, Users specify a map function that processes a
key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a reduce function that
merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key[1].
4. .
Fig.1 - MapReduce overview, Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay[1]
Background
Telecommunication is one very interesting environment as it generating and storing a
huge amount of data collected through its systems to record and reflect the company operation
and its subscriber activity, one of these data can be obtained from call details record(CDR) where
information about A-number, B-number, Duration, Call Path, Timestamps...etc exists.
According to Mieke Jans et al(2010). They presented an overview of how they see the different
classifications and their relations to each other presented by In Figure 2; the most public
classification is the internal versus external fraud, since all other classifications are situated
within internal fraud. As already pointed out, we see occupational fraud and abuse as an
5. equivalent of internal fraud. Figure 2 also shows that all classifications left, apply only to
corporate fraud. Also they classified internal fraud into three different classifications. Starting
from a differentiation between statement fraud and transaction fraud. A second classification is
based upon the occupation level of the fraudulent employee. Thirdly, fraud classification for
fraud against the company [6].
Fig.2 - Fraud Classification Overview, Mert Sanver, Adem Karahoca [2]
Fraud activity can be defined as a dishonest or illegal use of services, with the intention to avoid
service charges. Fraud detection is the name of the activities to identify unauthorized usage and
prevent losses for the mobile network operators’ [2]. Telecommunication Companies often
receive revenue loss from customers’ fraudulent behaviors. There are different types of fraud in
the telecommunication business [3]. Shawe-Taylor et al. (2000) present six different fraud types:
6. subscription fraud, the manipulation of Private Branch Exchange (PBX) facilities or dial through
fraud, free phone fraud, premium rate service fraud, handset theft, and roaming fraud[5].
In fraud detection process, in order to determine the fraud attack and its types, Call detail
records are processed to investigate the subscription fraud, premium rate service fraud or
roaming fraud. In subscription fraud, a fraudster obtains a subscription with fake personal
information to be registered on the network to perform his fraudulent activity with no intention
to pay the bill or fees [2].
Related work
Telecom fraud history extends from early days of Telecom companies, where these
companies are expensing a lot of money to reduce fraudster’s attaches and to keep the
competition with other operators by saving itself from possible significant losses may be caused
by fraudster that may affect the company ability in facing their competitors.
There are many studies have been started in fraud detection and prevention track, we will have a
look on some of these studies. Hamid Farvaresh et al. (2011) study aimed at identifying
customers’ subscription fraud in telecom by employing combined SOM and K-means techniques
through a hybrid approach consisting of preprocessing, clustering, and classification phases, and
adopting knowledge discovery process. MARTIN HÄGER et al. (2011) the application of
general outlier detection and classification methods to the problem of detecting fraudulent
behavior in an online advertisement metrics. Viaene et al. (2004) and Viaene et al. (2002) for
automobile insurance fraud detection by combining the advantages of boosting and the
explanatory power of the weight of evidence AdaBoosted naive Bayes scoring framework. A
combination of neural network and rules by Brause et al. (1999) and Estévez et al. (2006) have
been used. Mert Sanver et al.(2009) offers the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference (ANFIS)
method as a means to efficient fraud detection.
He et al. (1997) apply neural networks: a multi-layer perception network in the supervised
component of their study and Kohonen’s self-organizing maps for the unsupervised part. Fawcett
et al. proposed an adaptive rule-based detection framework for fraud detection. Roset et al. state
the standard classification and rule generation were not appropriate for fraud detection. D.
Hawkins(1980) interested in data outlier where these data most likely would be more suspicious
than regular and normal distributed data. R. Rastogi S. Ramaswamy(2000) et al. extend outlier
method based on the distance of a point from its k th nearest neighbor based on previous work
contained distance based method outlier applications was accomplished by R. Ng E. Knorr et
al(2000).
7. Contribution
We mentioned in previous sections various data mining techniques and how can be used
to enable fraud detection. In our work, we are focusing in design and implement the first fraud
detection model for telecom environment in different domain, in MapReduce domain, we will
use commodity machines and network to implement our model, where our model will be the first
live example on fraud detection using cloud computing. Our model will include implementation
of data mining algorithm, initially we selected K-mean algorithm and also we expect our model
should operate in near online mode to detect and classify fraud events, so this will enhance the
ability to detect the subscription fraud events early and results in major reduction in revenue
losses.
General Objective
The outputs of our research is a design and implement a model using data mining to
detect fraud cases targeting telecom environment where a huge volume of data should to be
processed based on cloud computing infrastructure we will build using the most popular and
powerful cloud computing framework MapReduce. We will use Data obtained from call details
record (CDR) in billing repository and the result is subscriber subset that classified as fraudulent
subscription in near online mode. This will help to reduce time in detecting fraud events and
enhance revenue assurance team ability to identify fraudulent cases efficiently.
Specific Objectives
Collecting required data from a telecomm operator.
Identifying the classification parameters required in for data mining process.
Design a framework for fraud detection based on MapReduce framework.
Running the proposed framework and collect the results based on collected data from the
telecom operator to analyze and evaluate our work from performance and classification
of fraud events point of view.
8. Scope of the work
We are interested in our research on telecommunication fraud. We will take one
telecommunication operator as a case study; International Data Corporation has identified more
than 200 forms of telecommunication fraud [12]. We will focus on subscription fraud in telecom
throughout our research as a specific type of fraud categories.
The added value of our work
Using our framework, we will get the following added values:
Design and implement the first fraud detection model for telecom environment based on
Map reduce framework.
Our system will work in near online results, so this will enhance the ability to detect the
subscription fraud events early and results in major reduction in revenue losses.
Increase the trust in the telecom operator who is using our system by avoiding the
company many fraudulent attaches.
Methodology
We are planning to build an environment for fraud detection/data mining for telecom
sector, our framework will be built on top of MapReduce framework, as we mentioned early,
MapReduce framework allows his users to parallelizes and executes program's on a large cluster
of machines through partitioning the input data, and scheduling the program's execution over a
set of machines. And as we are aware about the large volume of data that are generated every
day, we selected MapReduce to help use in building the distributed environment for our
framework.
9. Our framework will use fraud detection/data mining algorithms with adopted implementation to
MapReduce framework as it will work in parallelized and executed on a cluster of machines
which we plan to use SunGrid clusters to build our own distributed environment as SunGrid is
open source and free use or we can use one of cloud computing vendor infrastructure to use it as
infrastructure in our work like Amazon or Google.
Our framework will implement at least one classification algorithm; this algorithm/s will be used
to detect subscription fraud cases and to build a model from a set of training data. This model is
subsequently used to classify new data entered to the system. We will try to implement more
than one algorithm to see their results and performance also in MapReduce environment. Initial
K-means algorithm has been selected to be adopted in our framework as a starting point in our
work. We are organizing our work in our thesis as below:
Prepare all required research that we will be used in our thesis with taking advantage
from related work not necessary in telecom, May in other fields.
Design our model for detection for fraud based on MapReduce domain.
Identity and extract the top N factors that we will build our fraud detection data mining
model on them and any other parameter / rule that can help us in detecting fraud events.
Prepare the dataset and perform data cleaning from missing values...etc. and divide the
main dataset into testing data set and training dataset.
Setup the cloud infrastructure including MapReduce framework and SunGrid clusters to
build our own distributed environment.
Initial K-means algorithm has been selected to be adopted in our framework as a starting
point in our work.
Test the data mining results and validate it.
Perform stress test for our framework against the various volumes of datasets and
monitor its behavior.
Refine our framework and perform the necessary.
Final Review / Complete and submit the final report.
10. Time table
Number Tasks Time Period
1 Preparing all needed research that we will be used in our thesis
with taking advantage from related work not necessary in telecom,
may in other fields
4 week
2 Design the proposed framework for fraud detection based on
MapReduce framework with identifying parameters required in
for data mining process
2 weeks
3 Gathering specific requirements if exists especially related to
MapReduce setup, required data, programming language and
supporting technology.
2 weeks
5 Set up the environment of MapReduce and SunGrid based on
distributed environment
2 weeks
6 Implementation of our detection framework, including coding 4 weeks
7 Phase one full testing and fixing bugs 3 Week
8 Optimization and stress test 2 Week
9 Phase two testing. 2 weeks
10 Final Review / Complete and submit. 3 week
References
1- Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay. MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters,
Ghemawat, Google, Inc.
2- Mert Sanver, Adem Karahoca . Fraud Detection Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy
Inference System in Mobile Telecommunication Networks.
3- Shawe-Taylor, J., Howker, K., Burge, P.,. Detection of Fraud in Mobile
Telecommunications. Information Security Technical Report 4 (1), 16–28.
4- Shawe-Taylor, J., Howker, K., Gosset, P., Hyland, M., Verrelst, H., Moreau, Y., et al..
Novel techniques for profiling and fraud in mobile telecommunication. In: Lisboa, P.J.G.,
Edisbury, B., Vellido, A. (Eds.), Business Applications of Neural Networks. The State-
of-the-Art of Real World Applications. World scientific, Singapore, pp. 113–139.
5- Hamid Farvaresh, Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri, 2011. A data mining framework for
detecting subscription fraud in telecommunication.
6- Mieke Jans, Nadine Lybaert and Koen Vanhoof, 2011. Framework for Internal Fraud
Risk Reduction at IT Integrating Business Processes: The IFR² Framework
11. 7- MARTIN HÄGER TORSTEN LANDERGREN, 2010. Implementing best practices for
fraud detection on an online advertising platform
8- Viaene, S., Derrig, R., Baesens, B. & Dedene, G. (2002). A Comparison of State-of-the-
Art Classification Techniques for Expert Automobile Insurance Claim Fraud Detection.
9- Viaene, S., Derrig, R. & Dedene, G. (2004). A Case Study of Applying Boosting Naive
Bayes to Claim Fraud Diagnosis. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data
Engineering.
10- Fawcett, T. and Provost, F. (1997). Adaptive fraud detection. Journal of Data Mining and
Knowledge Discovery 1(3).
11- Roset, S., Murad, U., Neumann, E., Idan, Y. and Pinkas, G. (1999). Discovery of fraud
rules for telecommunications—challenges and solutions. Proceedings of the Fifth ACM
SIGKDD International.
12- OJUKA NELSON, 2009. DETECTION OF SUBSCRIPTION FRAUD IN
TELECOMMUNICATIONS USING DECISION TREE LEARNING.
13- D. Hawkins, 1980. “Identification of outliers,” Champman and Hall, Reading, London.
14- R. Ng E. Knorr and T. Tucakov, “Distance-based outliers,” Algorithms and Applications,
vol. 8, no. 3,pp. 237–253, 2000.
15- R. Rastogi S. Ramaswamy and S. Kyuseok, “Efficient algorithms for mining outliers
from large data sets,” SIGMOD’OO, 2000.