This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment, including their classification and uses. It discusses earth moving equipment such as power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clam shells. Factors affecting the selection of different earth moving equipment are outlined. Other equipment covered include motor graders, scrapers, bull dozers, tractors, rollers, pile driving equipment, and their applications in construction projects. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the components and operation of the major earth moving machinery.
This document discusses core recovery methods used in drilling. It describes rotary core drilling where a tube with teeth is rotated to cut a cylindrical core sample from rock. Parameters for measuring core recovery include total core recovery and solid core recovery. Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is also discussed, which evaluates core pieces over 100mm in length. Technical factors like bent drilling equipment and geological factors like soft or fractured rock can negatively impact core recovery.
This presentation is useful for GTU students in Building Construction subject in Subsurface investigation the popular topic in syllabus, this includes more images which will help to students & researchers for same.
There are four main types of slope failures: plane, wedge, toppling, and rotational. Plane failures occur along planar discontinuities like bedding planes or joints. Wedge failures form when two discontinuity sets intersect perpendicularly to the slope. Toppling failures involve the forward rotation of rock columns about a fixed point. Rotational failures involve movement along a curved failure surface within the soil. Each failure type has specific structural conditions required, such as the dip direction and angle of discontinuities compared to the slope face.
This document discusses drilling and blasting techniques used for rock excavation. It describes the necessity of drilling holes in rock for placing explosives. The main types of drills are abrasion drills like short drills and diamond drills, and percussion drills like jackhammers and rotary drills. Factors for selecting appropriate drilling equipment include rock hardness, depth, terrain, and purpose. Explosives discussed include dynamite, ammonium nitrate, slurry, ANFO, and RDX. The blasting process involves cleaning holes, placing a primer, stemming, and detonating with a fuse or electric spark.
Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a concrete that is mixed in a pugmill and placed with dump trucks and spread with bulldozers. It is compacted in lifts of 100-250mm thick using vibratory steel drum rollers. RCC does not require internal vibration and can be used for port, rail, highway, and industrial facilities. Some advantages are reduced cement, no formwork, and ability to maintain traffic flow during placement. Limitations include a rougher surface and difficulty compacting near edges.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment, including their classification and uses. It discusses earth moving equipment such as power shovels, backhoes, draglines, and clam shells. Factors affecting the selection of different earth moving equipment are outlined. Other equipment covered include motor graders, scrapers, bull dozers, tractors, rollers, pile driving equipment, and their applications in construction projects. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the components and operation of the major earth moving machinery.
This document discusses core recovery methods used in drilling. It describes rotary core drilling where a tube with teeth is rotated to cut a cylindrical core sample from rock. Parameters for measuring core recovery include total core recovery and solid core recovery. Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is also discussed, which evaluates core pieces over 100mm in length. Technical factors like bent drilling equipment and geological factors like soft or fractured rock can negatively impact core recovery.
This presentation is useful for GTU students in Building Construction subject in Subsurface investigation the popular topic in syllabus, this includes more images which will help to students & researchers for same.
There are four main types of slope failures: plane, wedge, toppling, and rotational. Plane failures occur along planar discontinuities like bedding planes or joints. Wedge failures form when two discontinuity sets intersect perpendicularly to the slope. Toppling failures involve the forward rotation of rock columns about a fixed point. Rotational failures involve movement along a curved failure surface within the soil. Each failure type has specific structural conditions required, such as the dip direction and angle of discontinuities compared to the slope face.
This document discusses drilling and blasting techniques used for rock excavation. It describes the necessity of drilling holes in rock for placing explosives. The main types of drills are abrasion drills like short drills and diamond drills, and percussion drills like jackhammers and rotary drills. Factors for selecting appropriate drilling equipment include rock hardness, depth, terrain, and purpose. Explosives discussed include dynamite, ammonium nitrate, slurry, ANFO, and RDX. The blasting process involves cleaning holes, placing a primer, stemming, and detonating with a fuse or electric spark.
Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a concrete that is mixed in a pugmill and placed with dump trucks and spread with bulldozers. It is compacted in lifts of 100-250mm thick using vibratory steel drum rollers. RCC does not require internal vibration and can be used for port, rail, highway, and industrial facilities. Some advantages are reduced cement, no formwork, and ability to maintain traffic flow during placement. Limitations include a rougher surface and difficulty compacting near edges.
Concrete permeability is a key factor in its durability. Permeability is affected by water-cement ratio, with lower ratios producing less permeable concrete. Curing also impacts permeability. Proper curing, including moist curing, produces less permeable concrete. Permeability testing involves measuring water flow through a sample over time under pressure. Sulfate attack can occur when sulfates penetrate permeable concrete and form expansive compounds that crack the material. Resistance to sulfates is improved with lower permeability concrete.
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used in projects. It begins with an introduction on the importance of proper planning, selection, and use of equipment. It then categorizes equipment and discusses them in detail under categories such as excavating and transporting, compaction, hauling, hoisting, pumping, concrete construction, and asphalt equipment. Specific equipment discussed include tractors, bulldozers, graders, scrapers, power shovels, draglines, clamshells, hoes, loaders, excavators, cranes, rollers, trucks, dump trucks, mixers, pumps, and others.
This document provides information about estimating and costing for construction projects. It discusses the need for estimation to determine project feasibility and cost, outlines the estimating process, and lists the key data required which includes drawings, specifications, and rates. Measurement rules and units for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works are also covered. The document emphasizes accurate measurement of work quantities as the basis for preparation of estimates.
The document discusses quarry operations and their environmental impacts. A quarry is an open pit mine used to extract materials like stone and minerals. Quarrying involves stripping away overburden, drilling, blasting rock, crushing the blasted rock, and screening the crushed stone into size fractions. It can cause noise pollution from blasting and transport, damage biodiversity by destroying habitats, and affect the landscape appearance by creating large pits. Other effects include potential failure of electric poles near blasting and pollution from burning tires.
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
Engineering Geology (Civil Engineering Applications)GAURAV. H .TANDON
This document discusses the important geological factors to consider when selecting sites for dams and reservoirs. Narrow river valleys, shallow bedrock, and competent bedrock foundations are desirable for reducing dam construction costs. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone can cause water leakage from reservoirs depending on their porosity. Metamorphic rocks like gneiss and quartzite are generally impermeable. Geological structures must also be considered, with horizontal or tilted strata being most suitable and faults or intense fracturing making a site undesirable. The document outlines these considerations in detail.
Rock Mass Classification and also a brief description of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Q valves and New Austrian Tunneling method(NATM)
Rock Reinforcement is used to indicated method of enhancing the rock mass strength and hence improving the ability of rock mass to contain the engineering excavation without deforming excessively.
Rock Support is used to indicated method of applying supporting loads or displacement constraints as additional structural elements, so that the engineering excavation retains its integrity.
Shortcreting has proved to be the best method for construction of curved surfaces. Domes are now much easier to construct with the advent of shotcrete technology. Tunnel linings are also becoming easy with this technology. Not only are these but there a wide range of applications where this technology has been a leading one. This technical paper includes the concept of shotcrete and how it differs from conventional concrete. It also enumerates the different types of process involved in shotcreting i.e. dry mix process and wet mix process. Advantages of shotcrete and its applications in various fields like tunneling, canals, buildings etc. are specified in detail. This paper presents an overview of shotcreting technology along with its applications.
DEFINITION OF SHOTCRETE:-
Shotcrete is a mortar or high performance concrete conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a backing surface. It is the force of this spraying action that leads to compaction of the concrete or mortar which then forms layers of concrete to the required thickness. Shotcreting has been an acceptable way of placing cementitious material in a variety of applications.
Usually patented polypropylene fibers are included in the shotcrete which increases the cohesive nature of the shotcrete through mechanically binding the cementitious materials together. This mechanism reduces the rebound waste that occurs through the shotcreting process and these fibers also resist plastic shrinkage and cracking through their ability to enhance the early stage tensile strength of concrete.
Shotcrete also gives better surface finishes and reduces surface tearing on non- linear sections. Cementitious material containing the poly propylene fibers resist cycles of freezing and thawing and also reduces the chances of water and chemical penetrations.
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
There are two main types of joints in rigid pavement: longitudinal joints and transverse joints. Longitudinal joints run parallel to traffic flow, while transverse joints run perpendicular. Transverse joints include construction joints, contraction joints, and expansion joints. Construction joints define the boundaries of individual concrete placements. Contraction joints relieve tensile stresses from shrinkage. Expansion joints allow for expansion of the concrete due to rising temperatures.
Engineering properties of soil comprises of physical properties, index properties, strength parameters (shear strength parameters), permeability characteristics, consolidation properties, modulus parameters, dynamic behavior etc. This module highlights most of the engineering properties of soils.
This document discusses rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures to improve their resistance to earthquakes. It notes that earthquakes themselves do not cause deaths but collapsed buildings do. It then discusses causes of building failures in developing countries during earthquakes. The document outlines several past damaging earthquakes and their impacts. It discusses common causes of failure of masonry and reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes. Finally, it describes various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods that can be used to strengthen existing structures, such as adding reinforcement, jacketing, and seismic belts.
Tunnel is an artificially constructed underground passage to by- pass obstacles safely without disturbing the over burden. This module explains about tunnels, their parts, types and importance.
A continuous beam has more than one span carried by multiple supports. It is commonly used in bridge construction since simple beams cannot support large spans without requiring greater strength and stiffness. Continuous prestressed concrete beams provide adequate strength and stiffness while allowing for redistribution of moments, resulting in higher load capacity, reduced deflections, and more evenly distributed bending moments compared to equivalent simple beams. Analysis of continuous beams requires determining primary moments from prestressing, secondary moments induced by support reactions, and the combined resultant moments.
The document discusses foundation treatment and galleries in concrete gravity dams. Foundation treatment involves preparing the surface by excavating loose soil till bedrock and stepping the surface. It also involves consolidation grouting of the entire foundation before concreting and curtain grouting near the heel after some concreting. Galleries are horizontal or sloping passages in the dam body used for drainage, inspection, aeration, pipe installation, and foundation drilling/grouting. Common gallery types include foundation, inspection, and aeration galleries. Reinforcement is provided at gallery corners to reduce stress concentrations.
A diaphragm wall is a reinforced concrete wall constructed underground using a slurry trench technique. A slurry trench involves excavating in a trench filled with a thick, viscous fluid called slurry that balances pressure to prevent trench collapse. Reinforcing cages are lowered into the trench and concrete is poured by tremie to displace the slurry. Diaphragm walls can be built close to existing structures, to great depths, and provide strong, watertight basement walls. However, they require specialized equipment and have high costs.
The document discusses dams, including their history, types, parts, failures, and site selection criteria. Dams are constructed across rivers and streams to store water for uses like electricity, irrigation, flood control, and fisheries. The earliest known dams date to 3000 BC in Jordan and the 2nd century in India. Dams are typically classified as concrete (e.g. gravity, buttress, arch), earth/embankment (e.g. earthfill, rockfill), or composite. Critical factors in dam site selection include stable geologic conditions, adequate water flow, and minimizing human displacement. Geological investigations evaluate factors like rock strength, drainage, seismic activity, and environmental hazards. Dams provide important benefits but must
Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. This module explains the types of bridges and their design characteristics.
QUARRY :Granite Mining Business and Suppliers In Lagos NigeriaAGAO Groups
Granite Deposit is abundantly available in Nigeria,this paper is calling for Investment in the Quarry sector.The door is open for Nigerians Living Abroad and Foreign Investors to take up this profitable challenge
Concrete permeability is a key factor in its durability. Permeability is affected by water-cement ratio, with lower ratios producing less permeable concrete. Curing also impacts permeability. Proper curing, including moist curing, produces less permeable concrete. Permeability testing involves measuring water flow through a sample over time under pressure. Sulfate attack can occur when sulfates penetrate permeable concrete and form expansive compounds that crack the material. Resistance to sulfates is improved with lower permeability concrete.
The document discusses various types of construction equipment used in projects. It begins with an introduction on the importance of proper planning, selection, and use of equipment. It then categorizes equipment and discusses them in detail under categories such as excavating and transporting, compaction, hauling, hoisting, pumping, concrete construction, and asphalt equipment. Specific equipment discussed include tractors, bulldozers, graders, scrapers, power shovels, draglines, clamshells, hoes, loaders, excavators, cranes, rollers, trucks, dump trucks, mixers, pumps, and others.
This document provides information about estimating and costing for construction projects. It discusses the need for estimation to determine project feasibility and cost, outlines the estimating process, and lists the key data required which includes drawings, specifications, and rates. Measurement rules and units for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works are also covered. The document emphasizes accurate measurement of work quantities as the basis for preparation of estimates.
The document discusses quarry operations and their environmental impacts. A quarry is an open pit mine used to extract materials like stone and minerals. Quarrying involves stripping away overburden, drilling, blasting rock, crushing the blasted rock, and screening the crushed stone into size fractions. It can cause noise pollution from blasting and transport, damage biodiversity by destroying habitats, and affect the landscape appearance by creating large pits. Other effects include potential failure of electric poles near blasting and pollution from burning tires.
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
Engineering Geology (Civil Engineering Applications)GAURAV. H .TANDON
This document discusses the important geological factors to consider when selecting sites for dams and reservoirs. Narrow river valleys, shallow bedrock, and competent bedrock foundations are desirable for reducing dam construction costs. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone can cause water leakage from reservoirs depending on their porosity. Metamorphic rocks like gneiss and quartzite are generally impermeable. Geological structures must also be considered, with horizontal or tilted strata being most suitable and faults or intense fracturing making a site undesirable. The document outlines these considerations in detail.
Rock Mass Classification and also a brief description of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Q valves and New Austrian Tunneling method(NATM)
Rock Reinforcement is used to indicated method of enhancing the rock mass strength and hence improving the ability of rock mass to contain the engineering excavation without deforming excessively.
Rock Support is used to indicated method of applying supporting loads or displacement constraints as additional structural elements, so that the engineering excavation retains its integrity.
Shortcreting has proved to be the best method for construction of curved surfaces. Domes are now much easier to construct with the advent of shotcrete technology. Tunnel linings are also becoming easy with this technology. Not only are these but there a wide range of applications where this technology has been a leading one. This technical paper includes the concept of shotcrete and how it differs from conventional concrete. It also enumerates the different types of process involved in shotcreting i.e. dry mix process and wet mix process. Advantages of shotcrete and its applications in various fields like tunneling, canals, buildings etc. are specified in detail. This paper presents an overview of shotcreting technology along with its applications.
DEFINITION OF SHOTCRETE:-
Shotcrete is a mortar or high performance concrete conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a backing surface. It is the force of this spraying action that leads to compaction of the concrete or mortar which then forms layers of concrete to the required thickness. Shotcreting has been an acceptable way of placing cementitious material in a variety of applications.
Usually patented polypropylene fibers are included in the shotcrete which increases the cohesive nature of the shotcrete through mechanically binding the cementitious materials together. This mechanism reduces the rebound waste that occurs through the shotcreting process and these fibers also resist plastic shrinkage and cracking through their ability to enhance the early stage tensile strength of concrete.
Shotcrete also gives better surface finishes and reduces surface tearing on non- linear sections. Cementitious material containing the poly propylene fibers resist cycles of freezing and thawing and also reduces the chances of water and chemical penetrations.
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
There are two main types of joints in rigid pavement: longitudinal joints and transverse joints. Longitudinal joints run parallel to traffic flow, while transverse joints run perpendicular. Transverse joints include construction joints, contraction joints, and expansion joints. Construction joints define the boundaries of individual concrete placements. Contraction joints relieve tensile stresses from shrinkage. Expansion joints allow for expansion of the concrete due to rising temperatures.
Engineering properties of soil comprises of physical properties, index properties, strength parameters (shear strength parameters), permeability characteristics, consolidation properties, modulus parameters, dynamic behavior etc. This module highlights most of the engineering properties of soils.
This document discusses rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures to improve their resistance to earthquakes. It notes that earthquakes themselves do not cause deaths but collapsed buildings do. It then discusses causes of building failures in developing countries during earthquakes. The document outlines several past damaging earthquakes and their impacts. It discusses common causes of failure of masonry and reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes. Finally, it describes various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods that can be used to strengthen existing structures, such as adding reinforcement, jacketing, and seismic belts.
Tunnel is an artificially constructed underground passage to by- pass obstacles safely without disturbing the over burden. This module explains about tunnels, their parts, types and importance.
A continuous beam has more than one span carried by multiple supports. It is commonly used in bridge construction since simple beams cannot support large spans without requiring greater strength and stiffness. Continuous prestressed concrete beams provide adequate strength and stiffness while allowing for redistribution of moments, resulting in higher load capacity, reduced deflections, and more evenly distributed bending moments compared to equivalent simple beams. Analysis of continuous beams requires determining primary moments from prestressing, secondary moments induced by support reactions, and the combined resultant moments.
The document discusses foundation treatment and galleries in concrete gravity dams. Foundation treatment involves preparing the surface by excavating loose soil till bedrock and stepping the surface. It also involves consolidation grouting of the entire foundation before concreting and curtain grouting near the heel after some concreting. Galleries are horizontal or sloping passages in the dam body used for drainage, inspection, aeration, pipe installation, and foundation drilling/grouting. Common gallery types include foundation, inspection, and aeration galleries. Reinforcement is provided at gallery corners to reduce stress concentrations.
A diaphragm wall is a reinforced concrete wall constructed underground using a slurry trench technique. A slurry trench involves excavating in a trench filled with a thick, viscous fluid called slurry that balances pressure to prevent trench collapse. Reinforcing cages are lowered into the trench and concrete is poured by tremie to displace the slurry. Diaphragm walls can be built close to existing structures, to great depths, and provide strong, watertight basement walls. However, they require specialized equipment and have high costs.
The document discusses dams, including their history, types, parts, failures, and site selection criteria. Dams are constructed across rivers and streams to store water for uses like electricity, irrigation, flood control, and fisheries. The earliest known dams date to 3000 BC in Jordan and the 2nd century in India. Dams are typically classified as concrete (e.g. gravity, buttress, arch), earth/embankment (e.g. earthfill, rockfill), or composite. Critical factors in dam site selection include stable geologic conditions, adequate water flow, and minimizing human displacement. Geological investigations evaluate factors like rock strength, drainage, seismic activity, and environmental hazards. Dams provide important benefits but must
Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. This module explains the types of bridges and their design characteristics.
QUARRY :Granite Mining Business and Suppliers In Lagos NigeriaAGAO Groups
Granite Deposit is abundantly available in Nigeria,this paper is calling for Investment in the Quarry sector.The door is open for Nigerians Living Abroad and Foreign Investors to take up this profitable challenge
Quarry Management System (QMS) of TAMIN (Tamil Nadu Minerals Ltd)
Presentation before the Jury Committee for The National Award on e-Governance
http://shrimagzagenda.blogspot.in/2015/03/tamin.html
This document provides an overview and results for HeidelbergCement for 2016. Key points include:
- Volumes increased across all business lines, with cement volumes up 3%, aggregates up 3%, and ready-mix up 1%. Operating EBITDA and income grew organically by 5% and 6% respectively.
- Results were mixed by region, with strong growth in North America offset by pressure in Southern Europe and weather impacts elsewhere. Integration of Italcementi assets is ongoing.
- An outlook for 2017 forecasts continued volume growth, with a focus on cost efficiency and improving profitability of recently acquired assets. Net debt is expected to remain below €9 billion.
A commercial pdf that includes some nice detail on 3 case studies of quarry restoration that give a breadth of post quarrying uses. Very useful for Geography GCSE rocks and landscape
The document provides instructions for installing various signs and barriers around a site, including a stop sign, fire station sign, gate locks, parking spots, and site identification sign. It also describes constructing a 3-foot trailhead and 4-foot raised vegetation barriers, and installing an underground pressure alarm system around the property line. An existing quarry silo will be converted into an operations center with bay doors, and remaining concrete structures may be converted to storage in the future.
Quarrying provides raw materials for construction and jobs for remote areas, putting money into the local economy. However, it also causes noise, dust, visual and water pollution. Solutions include using less explosives, building quarries away from homes, monitoring water pollution, covering truck loads, and restricting operations to limit disruption.
This is an introduction into the Quarry Collection family of brands including Nadeau Collection and the launch of Water and Light, handcrafted by Oceanside Glasstile for Boyce and Bean.
This document presents an overview of innovative building materials being researched and developed. It describes 16 new materials including translucent concrete made with optical fibers, sensi tiles that guide light through floors, radiant barriers for insulation, solar panel roofing tiles to generate electricity, and ultra touch jeans insulation made from recycled denim. Other materials discussed are electrified wood, flexicomb honeycomb structures, kinetic glass that opens and closes, unfired clay bricks, richlite made from recycled paper, carbon fiber, self-repairing cement, liquid granite, and bendable concrete reinforced with fibers. The conclusion states that replacing old materials with these innovations could improve recycling, save energy and resources, and make construction simpler and stronger.
World Titanium Resources is developing the large, high grade Ranobe mineral sands deposit in Madagascar to become a tier 1 mineral sands company. A 959 million tonne resource at 6.1% heavy minerals was identified, with a maiden 161 million tonne ore reserve at 8.2% heavy minerals. Successful trial mining and processing of a 6 tonne bulk sample confirmed the process design and high quality products. Definitive studies estimated initial capital costs of US$192 million to develop a 21 year starter pit producing over 400,000 tonnes per year of ilmenite and zircon/rutile concentrates, with competitive operating costs. The project has the potential for significant shareholder value creation
Micropiles have been used since the 1950s but faced challenges in adoption in Southeast Asia due to high costs, slow installation, and risks. However, they are well-suited for difficult construction sites with restricted access, deep socketing needs, and high loading requirements. Lessons from challenges include reducing labor costs through mechanization, managing risks through equipment monitoring and site preparation, and improving planning to reduce downtime. Modern micropile rigs and techniques have addressed past challenges and made micropiles a cost-effective solution for difficult ground conditions.
The document summarizes alluvial diamond mining in Angola. It discusses sampling methods used to evaluate placer deposits for diamonds, including grab samples, excavations, and drilling. Key challenges with placer sampling involve large rocks obscuring finer materials and ensuring samples are not unintentionally enriched. Accurate record keeping of sample data is also essential for reserve estimation. The document then outlines various methods used to estimate reserves and value placer diamond deposits. Careful consideration of geological conditions is important when selecting appropriate sampling and evaluation techniques.
The university of zambia presentation (immanuel 2016)immanuel91
The document discusses a study on optimizing stope recovery and dilution at Mopani Mufulira Mine in Zambia. Key findings from investigations included:
1. Improper placement of mining drives and complex stope limits impacted recovery and dilution.
2. Additional factors were poor stope design and development practices like delayed footwall drives, lack of slot raises, and remnants in stopes.
3. Drilling, charging, blasting and drawing practices also contributed, such as deviations in longhole drilling, incorrect explosives amounts, and overdrawing stopes.
The Evolution of Sublevel Caving at Trojan Mine, Bindura, Zimbabwe, J G TaylorJohn Guy Taylor
Several technical and economic factors have to be taken into
consideration in developing an optimal mining method. This paper
describes some of the important factors learnt during the evolution of the
sub-level cave mining method at Trojan Nickel Mine, part of the Bindura
Nickel Corporation (BNC) in Zimbabwe.
The document discusses key concepts related to production cycle unit operations in underground mining. It defines a unit operation as a specific process like drilling, blasting, supporting, loading and hauling. The production cycle is described as the whole process from drilling and blasting to roof support, loading and hauling. Rock breakage operations like drilling and blasting are discussed as the initial critical steps. Material handling operations involve loading, haulage and hoisting. Types of galleries used in underground mines and different cutting methods are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the German mining industry, including production statistics and technologies used. It discusses various mineral commodities produced in Germany such as lignite, hard coal, potash, and aggregates. For each commodity, it summarizes production levels and highlights some of the key mining methods and technologies used, such as longwall mining for hard coal and room and pillar mining for potash. It also notes that Germany has a large aggregates industry with many small-to-medium sized companies. In conclusion, it discusses advantages of collaboration between the German and Australian mining industries in areas like market access, process optimization, environmental protection, and reliable infrastructure in Germany.
This document provides an overview of the oil exploration and production cycle. It discusses the history of the oil industry from the 1870s to modern times. It then describes the main steps in the exploration cycle including acquiring seismic data through surveys, processing and interpreting the data to identify potential reservoirs, and drilling exploratory wells. The document also discusses well logging tools used to evaluate potential reservoirs and completion decisions. Overall, the summary provides a high-level view of the historical context and key processes involved in exploring for and developing oil resources.
The document provides a technical review of mining claims in the Blue Duck and Etna areas. It summarizes the geology, historical production and potential remaining resources at the Blue Duck, Orcus, Eiffel Blue, and Etna Thistle mines based on a review of underground plans and maps. The review finds that the Blue Duck and Orcus claims have significant potential resources totaling over 500,000 ounces of gold that could be delineated through further exploration probing for extensions. The Etna Thistle mine appears to be largely mined out but parallel reefs could still be explored there.
This document discusses the challenges in developing new rare earth mine supply outside of China. It uses examples from three Australian rare earth projects - Mt Weld, Dubbo, and Nolans - to show that rare earth projects face long delays, technical difficulties, financial problems, and government issues. It also finds that the value accretion of rare earth projects is "concave", meaning the value is not fully recognized by markets until late in the project development process. This misalignment between project risk progression and value accretion makes rare earth projects challenging to develop.
Kingdom Drilling Services is planning the construction of two deepwater drilling rigs with an option for a third. The document discusses Kingdom's rig build schedule, process for selecting rigs, operational areas in Brazil, Gulf of Mexico, West Africa and Asia, and factors to consider for rig selection such as water depth and drilling requirements. It also provides comparisons of semi-submersible rig costs in different water depths and considerations for upgrading existing rigs.
KFJ Steel is a company that manufactures machinery and equipment for mining and mineral processing. It has been in operation since 1984 and produces items such as conveyors, crushers, fans, and kilns. Mining involves extracting valuable minerals and materials from the earth and can be done through surface or underground methods. Surface mining removes material from an open pit while underground mining involves digging tunnels or shafts. Once extracted, minerals often need to be processed to separate the valuable components from waste material using techniques like crushing, grinding, and washing. The global mining industry is a major economic activity, with some of the largest mining companies based in countries like South Africa, Canada, Australia, and Brazil.
Why is developing a new mine so difficult? - Oct 2013 - John P Sykes - Centre...John Sykes
Developing a new mine is difficult due to several factors:
1) Mining is a "wasting asset" industry that requires constant renewal of exploration to find new resources as old mines are depleted. However, exploration takes place over long timescales while success is judged in the short-term.
2) There is a limited exploration search space and resources found do not always be economic to mine given technical and economic constraints.
3) Different actors in the mining industry, such as juniors vs majors, have differing risk horizons and incentives that impact development. Focusing on the "Horizon 2" development stage is key.
4) For a project to be successful, it must be "
Investor presentation delivered by Evolution Mining's Executive Chairman Jacob Klein at the Gold Investment Symposium held in Sydney 8th and 9th October 2014
This document discusses trends in underground mining methods. It notes that investments in new mines have increased dramatically in recent years and are expected to remain high. Global metal production has increased steadily each year to around 5,000 million tonnes annually, with 17% coming from underground mines. Underground mining techniques have advanced rapidly in recent decades through mechanization, allowing for larger volumes of rock to be excavated safely and efficiently. Contractors now play a larger role in underground development and infrastructure works.
Economic perspective on deep and under cover exploration - Trench et al - Mar...John Sykes
Economic perspective on deep and under cover exploration - Trench et al - Mar 2015 - Centre for Exploration Targeting / Curtin University / University of Western Australia
Ever wondered what makes the industrial minerals market tick? Just how does it differ from the metal minerals market? Thinking of investing in industrial minerals?
Industrial Minerals Basics: Executive Primer is a concise overview presentation for a quick but informed assessment of key elements of the industrial minerals business. Ideal as an introduction for first timers, or as a refresher for those already in the business.
Contents:
What are industrial minerals?
Why are they so important?
How is the market structured?
How is the market driven?
Summary
Which key factors influence success?
Please contact me with any questions or comments: mike@modriscollminerals.com
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Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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3rdStageofQuarrying How do quarries produce sealing aggregates?
Generally achieved by rescreening 20mm and
10mm concrete aggregates already produced
These materials are re-feed into a special
screening and wash circuit
Some cases shaping crushers are used like VSI
crushers