This document presents the results of a case study that evaluated the effect of landfill leachate on nearby soil in Davanagere, India. Leachate and soil samples were taken from the Davanagere city landfill site. The study found significant concentrations of heavy metals like copper, chromium, iron, and zinc in the soil within 1000m of the landfill. Clayey and silty sand soils retained heavy metals from the leachate. Adsorption isotherm studies showed that heavy metal adsorption by the soils increased with increasing metal concentration in the leachate. The Langmuir and Freundlich models adequately described the adsorption behavior.
IRJET- Compaction Behavior of China Clay-Sand MixturesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the compaction behavior of mixtures of china clay and sand. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine compaction parameters like maximum dry density and optimum moisture content using standard, reduced standard, modified, and reduced modified Proctor tests. Correlations were developed to estimate compaction parameters based on the index properties of the mixtures, including liquid limit, plastic limit, and specific gravity. The correlations could help minimize field efforts and costs by predicting compaction behavior from basic soil properties.
IRJET- Experimental Study of Clayey Soil Stablised with Fly Ash and Recron-3sIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on stabilizing clayey soil with fly ash and recron-3s fibers. Standard proctor and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed on soil samples with varying proportions of fly ash (10-50%) and recron-3s fibers (0.2-1.0%). The test results showed that the optimum moisture content increased and maximum dry density decreased with higher fly ash and fiber content. Fly ash content was optimized at 15% to increase unconfined compressive strength. Further addition of 0.8% recron fibers improved the strength even more. The optimal mix was determined to be 84.2% soil, 15% fly ash, and 0.
Geotechnical properties of the soil have been carried out at the construction site of an overhead bridge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The project is a 230 m long overhead bridge crossing between first and second artillery in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two tests that were carried out on the soil are the Atterberg limit test and particle size analysis test. The results reveal that the liquid limit is 36, 8, the plastic limit is 21.1 and the plasticity index is 15.7. This implies that the Atterberg limits are slightly above the recommended standard set by the Federal Ministry for Works and Housing, however, considering the swampy wet nature of the environment within the Port Harcourt Metropolis, the results obtained still fall within a range that can be worked with few modifications. The average diameter of the particles (D value) are D10=0.05, D30=0.17, D60=1.12 Cu=1.5 and Cc=0.5. The soil sample tested shows proper gradation since the coefficient of uniformity (Cu)>>4.
Effect of deep chemical mixing columns on properties of surrounding soft clay...AltinKaradagli
This study examines an alkaline material for improving soft clay soil. A series of tests, including unconfined compression strength, pH, undrained shear strength, electrical conductivity, and microstructural analysis, were conducted.
IRJET- Effect of Fly Ash and Nano Calcium Silicates in Clayey Soil Used as Cl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a mixture of locally available clayey soil, fly ash, and nano calcium silicate as a potential landfill liner material. Laboratory tests were conducted to analyze the properties of the soil mixtures with varying percentages of fly ash (2-10%) and nano calcium silicate (0.2-1%). The results found that adding 6% fly ash produced the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the soil. Additional tests determined that incorporating nano calcium silicate into the soil-fly ash mixture further improved strength characteristics by filling voids and promoting pozzolanic reactions. The study aims to develop an affordable landfill liner material using industrial and local waste products that meets specifications for low hydraulic conductivity and strength.
DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF SOIL ANDIT’S STABILITY USING ULTRASONIC PULSE VE...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using ultrasonic pulse velocity testing to determine the strength and stability of soil. Specifically, it examines using this non-destructive testing method on compacted soil samples with different stabilizer contents. The study analyzes how stabilizers like ground granulated blast furnace slag affect the engineering properties of clayey soil. It details the methodology of mixing soil with varying amounts of stabilizer, compacting the mixtures, and then conducting ultrasonic pulse velocity tests to measure the soil's density and modulus of elasticity. Graphs of density and velocity versus water content are used to evaluate the compaction characteristics and determine if ultrasonic testing can provide a fast alternative to standard compaction tests.
This study investigates using dredged soil and wastewater treatment plant (ETP) sludge to produce compressed adobe bricks as a building material. Various ratios of dredged soil to ETP sludge were mixed with an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to form brick specimens. The bricks were heat cured and tested after 28 days. The highest compressive strength of 4.41MPa and lowest water absorption of 3% was found with a 1:2 ratio of ETP sludge to dredged soil. Submersion tests showed no visible damage to the bricks after 24 hours underwater, indicating durability. This suggests compressed adobe bricks made from dredged soil and ETP sludge have potential
IRJET- Compaction Behavior of China Clay-Sand MixturesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the compaction behavior of mixtures of china clay and sand. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine compaction parameters like maximum dry density and optimum moisture content using standard, reduced standard, modified, and reduced modified Proctor tests. Correlations were developed to estimate compaction parameters based on the index properties of the mixtures, including liquid limit, plastic limit, and specific gravity. The correlations could help minimize field efforts and costs by predicting compaction behavior from basic soil properties.
IRJET- Experimental Study of Clayey Soil Stablised with Fly Ash and Recron-3sIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on stabilizing clayey soil with fly ash and recron-3s fibers. Standard proctor and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed on soil samples with varying proportions of fly ash (10-50%) and recron-3s fibers (0.2-1.0%). The test results showed that the optimum moisture content increased and maximum dry density decreased with higher fly ash and fiber content. Fly ash content was optimized at 15% to increase unconfined compressive strength. Further addition of 0.8% recron fibers improved the strength even more. The optimal mix was determined to be 84.2% soil, 15% fly ash, and 0.
Geotechnical properties of the soil have been carried out at the construction site of an overhead bridge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The project is a 230 m long overhead bridge crossing between first and second artillery in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two tests that were carried out on the soil are the Atterberg limit test and particle size analysis test. The results reveal that the liquid limit is 36, 8, the plastic limit is 21.1 and the plasticity index is 15.7. This implies that the Atterberg limits are slightly above the recommended standard set by the Federal Ministry for Works and Housing, however, considering the swampy wet nature of the environment within the Port Harcourt Metropolis, the results obtained still fall within a range that can be worked with few modifications. The average diameter of the particles (D value) are D10=0.05, D30=0.17, D60=1.12 Cu=1.5 and Cc=0.5. The soil sample tested shows proper gradation since the coefficient of uniformity (Cu)>>4.
Effect of deep chemical mixing columns on properties of surrounding soft clay...AltinKaradagli
This study examines an alkaline material for improving soft clay soil. A series of tests, including unconfined compression strength, pH, undrained shear strength, electrical conductivity, and microstructural analysis, were conducted.
IRJET- Effect of Fly Ash and Nano Calcium Silicates in Clayey Soil Used as Cl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a mixture of locally available clayey soil, fly ash, and nano calcium silicate as a potential landfill liner material. Laboratory tests were conducted to analyze the properties of the soil mixtures with varying percentages of fly ash (2-10%) and nano calcium silicate (0.2-1%). The results found that adding 6% fly ash produced the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the soil. Additional tests determined that incorporating nano calcium silicate into the soil-fly ash mixture further improved strength characteristics by filling voids and promoting pozzolanic reactions. The study aims to develop an affordable landfill liner material using industrial and local waste products that meets specifications for low hydraulic conductivity and strength.
DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH OF SOIL ANDIT’S STABILITY USING ULTRASONIC PULSE VE...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using ultrasonic pulse velocity testing to determine the strength and stability of soil. Specifically, it examines using this non-destructive testing method on compacted soil samples with different stabilizer contents. The study analyzes how stabilizers like ground granulated blast furnace slag affect the engineering properties of clayey soil. It details the methodology of mixing soil with varying amounts of stabilizer, compacting the mixtures, and then conducting ultrasonic pulse velocity tests to measure the soil's density and modulus of elasticity. Graphs of density and velocity versus water content are used to evaluate the compaction characteristics and determine if ultrasonic testing can provide a fast alternative to standard compaction tests.
This study investigates using dredged soil and wastewater treatment plant (ETP) sludge to produce compressed adobe bricks as a building material. Various ratios of dredged soil to ETP sludge were mixed with an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to form brick specimens. The bricks were heat cured and tested after 28 days. The highest compressive strength of 4.41MPa and lowest water absorption of 3% was found with a 1:2 ratio of ETP sludge to dredged soil. Submersion tests showed no visible damage to the bricks after 24 hours underwater, indicating durability. This suggests compressed adobe bricks made from dredged soil and ETP sludge have potential
IRJET-Evaluation of the Impact of Municipal Solid Waste on Soil Properties in...IRJET Journal
The document evaluates the impact of municipal solid waste on soil properties in Kannahalli, Karnataka, India. Soil samples were collected from two locations at a landfill site - below the landfill and 90 feet away. Tests showed chemical and geotechnical properties were affected by contamination. The contaminated soil had higher alkalinity, BOD, COD, liquid limit and permeability compared to uncontaminated soil. Compaction testing found contaminated soil had higher optimum moisture content and lower maximum dry density. Shear strength and unconfined compression strength were also lower for contaminated soil. The study concluded disposal of municipal solid waste negatively impacts soil characteristics.
In the study, selected statistical methods (Descriptive Analysis, Pearson Correlation Matrix
Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis) were used to determine the surface water quality
of Gazipur district area. For this purpose, a total of 20 samples has been collected from different water bodies
adjacent to industrial units and pH, Temperature, DO, EC, TDS, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb concentrations were
determined in each sample. Statistical Analysis revealed that physico-chemical parameters exceeded DoE
standardin all samples except Cu and Zn. Pearson Correlation matrix explicit significant positive correlation
with Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solid and Cu with Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved
Solid. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed two clusters indicate similar characteristics of elements. Principal
Component analysis extracted three major components: PC1 denotes for EC, TDS, Pb, Cu which indicate
industrial sources, PC2 is associated with Cd which is also accumulate from industrial sources and PC3 with
contribution of Temperature andPb.
Effect of pH and Curing Time Behaviour on Strength Properties of SoilsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of pH and curing time on the strength properties of soils. Laboratory experiments were conducted on clay soils from Telangana, India, mixing the soils with varying percentages of lime (1-7%) and allowing curing times of 7-45 days. The results showed that maximum dry density decreased and optimum moisture content increased with higher lime content and longer curing times. Unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus increased significantly with 7% lime and a 30 day curing time. Additional tests examined the effect of pH variations (3-9) of pore fluids on shear strength, finding that untreated and lime-treated soils exhibited higher cohesion and friction angles at pH levels of 3
A Study on Strength Properties of Concrete Made with Waste Ready-Mix Concrete...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the strength properties of concrete made with waste ready-mix concrete as coarse aggregate and partial replacement of cement by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Various mixes were designed to replace natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate at percentages of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested to determine the compressive and split tensile strengths of the mixes at 28 days. The results showed that concrete with recycled coarse aggregate and GGBS replacement achieved comparable strength to conventional concrete. Finite element analysis was also conducted to validate the experimental results. The study concludes that waste ready-mix concrete can effectively be used as coarse aggregate in concrete production.
Strength Study of copper slag & Fly Ash With Replacement Of Aggregate's In Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using industrial byproducts like fly ash and copper slag to replace aggregates in concrete for road construction. The study aims to address issues with excessive sand usage by finding sustainable alternatives. Concrete samples of different grades were produced by replacing natural sand with copper slag at varying percentages. The samples were tested for load carrying capacity and flexural strength. The results showed that concrete with 100% copper slag replacement performed similarly to normal concrete, indicating that copper slag can successfully replace sand in concrete for roads. The document also reviews several other studies on using industrial wastes in construction and their findings.
The document summarizes a study that investigated stabilizing clay soil with lime and melon husk ash. Key findings include:
1) The natural clay soil was classified as highly plastic (CH) and had low strength, making it unsuitable for construction without treatment.
2) Chemical analysis found the melon husk ash met requirements to be a pozzolanic material, with high concentrations of aluminum, iron, and silicon oxides.
3) Testing showed that adding both lime and melon husk ash to the clay soil increased its unconfined compressive strength and decreased its permeability compared to the untreated soil. The highest strength was achieved with 6% melon husk ash and 8% lime
This study evaluates the performance of red soil and mixtures of red soil with fly ash, bentonite and kaolinite as landfill liner materials. Permeability tests were conducted on the soil mixtures using leachate collected from a landfill. Batch tests determined adsorption and diffusion coefficients, which were used in POLLUTE modeling software to predict contaminant transport over 5 years. Results showed that red soil mixed with 10% bentonite, having an average permeability of 4.310x10-9 m/s, was an effective clay liner substitute. POLLUTE modeling indicated this mixture could reduce potassium concentrations in leachate from 19,000 mg/L to 0 within 0.6m over 5 years.
Index and engineering properties of spent wash blended soils a comparative s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present era of rapid industrialization and development of infrastructure projects, the natural resources are becoming scarce and hence their cost is increasing alarmingly. For an infrastructural project the soil consumption is very high and also specific soil is to be used for the requirements of its strength, durability etc. Locally available soil is the best option for these projects, if the suitable soil is not nearby it has a stringent effect on overall cost of project. Due to increase of demand for land in urban areas, soils which are weak and not suitable for foundations are to be effectively modified for construction of industries. Hence, there is a need to carryout research for an alternate material which is available in plenty and also gives desired strength upon modifications. There is a growing awareness allover the world about the extensive damage caused by the accumulated industrial wastes at various plants. This paper highlights various issues and scope for utilization of spent wash in engineering practice. This paper presents the results of index and engineering properties of blended soils. Studies are carried out by varying soil gradation, spent wash content under different curing time periods. For study two types of soils are taken and their properties are studied up on addition of 25% spent wash maintaining different curing periods of 2, 4 and 6 weeks. It was observed that spent wash is effective in reducing plasticity characteristics and increasing engineering properties namely, dry density and the unconfined strength of soil and reducing Optimum moisture content Index Terms: Effluent, Tropical, spentwash, blended
Index and engineering properties of spent wash blended soils a comparative s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET-Improvement of Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste using GGBSIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) on soil properties at a landfill site in Kannahalli, India. Soil samples were collected from locations below the landfill and 90 feet away. Chemical and geotechnical tests were conducted on the samples. Results showed higher alkalinity, BOD, and COD in contaminated soil compared to uncontaminated soil. Contaminated soil had lower dry density, higher optimum moisture content, and lower strength than uncontaminated soil. The contaminated soil was then stabilized by adding 5%, 10%, and 15% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Tests showed strength and density increased with higher GGBS
Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Mill Wastewater by Soil Aquifer Treatmen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the removal of heavy metals like zinc and chromium from textile mill wastewater using a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system with and without an adsorbent. The study used clayey sand and silty sand soils in columns with and without layers of peepal leaf powder adsorbent. Results found that the SAT system alone removed 84% of zinc and 80% of chromium from wastewater using clayey sand, and 82% and 77% respectively using silty sand. With the addition of peepal leaf adsorbent, removal efficiencies increased to 98% for zinc and 97% for chromium in clayey sand, and 96% and 95% respectively in silty
Studies on chemical and geotechnical properties of marine sandIAEME Publication
1. The document analyzes the chemical and geotechnical properties of marine sand collected from two trial pits near Mypadu Beach in Nellore District, India.
2. Laboratory tests found the sand samples to be alkaline with a pH greater than 8.5. Grain size analysis showed the sand consisted of more than 98% particles between 0.075-1.18mm, making it non-cohesive.
3. Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content varied between the two pits, ranging from 16.29-16.68 kN/m3 and 15.48-15.62% respectively. Ultimate bearing capacity was determined to be 190-200 kN/m2 with a safe
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study on Agro Waste based on Mud BlockIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength and durability of agro-waste based mud blocks. Various ashes including bagasse ash, rice husk ash, and groundnut shell ash were used to stabilize soil in different percentages for producing blocks. The physical and chemical properties of the soils and ashes were determined. Mud blocks of size 240x240x100mm were prepared by compressing mixtures of soil, ashes, and cement. The blocks were cured for 21 days and then tested for compressive strength and water absorption. Test results found that compressive strength increased with higher percentages of different ashes. Blocks mixed with ashes also showed improved water exclusion. Stabilizing soil with agro-waste ashes can enhance soil properties and
Behaviour of Locally Available Clay modified using Blood Clamshell Powder and...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined stabilizing locally available clay using blood clamshell powder and wheat straw. Standard proctor compaction tests and unconfined compression strength tests were conducted on clay samples with varying proportions of the additives (0-10% clamshell powder and 0-2% wheat straw) to determine their optimum percentages. The results showed that adding 5% clamshell powder and 1% wheat straw increased the unconfined compressive strength of the clay the most. Using these local waste materials as additives improved the engineering properties of the clay in a more economical and environmentally friendly way than commercial stabilizers.
This document evaluates the hydraulic conductivity of a marble dust-soil composite. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the index properties and compaction characteristics of a clayey soil treated with 0-20% marble dust. Hydraulic conductivity tests using a consolidometer found that permeability decreased with up to 12.5% marble dust addition and remained constant thereafter. Permeability also decreased with higher compaction moisture content. Based on the results, 25% marble dust addition was proposed to satisfy the regulatory permeability requirement of ≤ 1 x 10-9 m/s for landfill liner materials.
IRJET=-Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Leachate on the Strength of Compacted ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate on the strength of compacted tropical soil intended for use as a landfill liner. Specimens of a clayey tropical soil were compacted using three different compactive efforts and permeated with MSW leachate for periods up to 120 days. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests showed that the strength of the compacted soil generally decreased with increasing permeation period, due to an increase in clay-size particles that lowered friction between particles. UCS values greater than 200 kN/m2 (the minimum required for landfill liners) were recorded for permeation periods up to 42 days for
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Marine Sand as Partial Replacement of ...IJERA Editor
The process of depleting sources of natural aggregates challenges the production of technically and
environmentally adequate concrete. Alternative material from marine sources is good enough for the
replacement of fine aggregate in the concrete. The material was stockpiled in the open air and no washing,
drying or decontamination process was carried out. Physical and chemical properties of DMS material were
determined. All the materials used in the concrete were selected and tested as per the standard procedures of the
Indian standards. A unique design mix will be done based on the entire material test results. Different mixtures
were produced using DMS in different proportions from 15% to 100% as per the finalized trial of the design
mix. The concrete were submitted to compressive strength testsafter 7, 28 and 90 days of moist curing, as well
as flexure and splitting tensile strength tests for M-25 grade.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Marine Sand as Partial Replacement of ...IJERA Editor
The process of depleting sources of natural aggregates challenges the production of technically and
environmentally adequate concrete. Alternative material from marine sources is good enough for the
replacement of fine aggregate in the concrete. The material was stockpiled in the open air and no washing,
drying or decontamination process was carried out. Physical and chemical properties of DMS material were
determined. All the materials used in the concrete were selected and tested as per the standard procedures of the
Indian standards. A unique design mix will be done based on the entire material test results. Different mixtures
were produced using DMS in different proportions from 15% to 100% as per the finalized trial of the design
mix. The concrete were submitted to compressive strength testsafter 7, 28 and 90 days of moist curing, as well
as flexure and splitting tensile strength tests for M-25 grade.
SOIL STABILIZATION USING BONE ASH AND SILICA FUMEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using bone ash and silica fume. The study investigated how adding these materials affected key engineering properties of clayey soil. Tests found that adding up to 6% bone ash and 20% silica fume increased the soil's maximum dry density, CBR value, and unconfined compressive strength, while decreasing the liquid limit and increasing the plastic limit. The results indicate that bone ash and silica fume can effectively improve the engineering behavior of expansive clayey soils when used as additives.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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IRJET-Evaluation of the Impact of Municipal Solid Waste on Soil Properties in...IRJET Journal
The document evaluates the impact of municipal solid waste on soil properties in Kannahalli, Karnataka, India. Soil samples were collected from two locations at a landfill site - below the landfill and 90 feet away. Tests showed chemical and geotechnical properties were affected by contamination. The contaminated soil had higher alkalinity, BOD, COD, liquid limit and permeability compared to uncontaminated soil. Compaction testing found contaminated soil had higher optimum moisture content and lower maximum dry density. Shear strength and unconfined compression strength were also lower for contaminated soil. The study concluded disposal of municipal solid waste negatively impacts soil characteristics.
In the study, selected statistical methods (Descriptive Analysis, Pearson Correlation Matrix
Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis) were used to determine the surface water quality
of Gazipur district area. For this purpose, a total of 20 samples has been collected from different water bodies
adjacent to industrial units and pH, Temperature, DO, EC, TDS, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb concentrations were
determined in each sample. Statistical Analysis revealed that physico-chemical parameters exceeded DoE
standardin all samples except Cu and Zn. Pearson Correlation matrix explicit significant positive correlation
with Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solid and Cu with Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved
Solid. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed two clusters indicate similar characteristics of elements. Principal
Component analysis extracted three major components: PC1 denotes for EC, TDS, Pb, Cu which indicate
industrial sources, PC2 is associated with Cd which is also accumulate from industrial sources and PC3 with
contribution of Temperature andPb.
Effect of pH and Curing Time Behaviour on Strength Properties of SoilsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of pH and curing time on the strength properties of soils. Laboratory experiments were conducted on clay soils from Telangana, India, mixing the soils with varying percentages of lime (1-7%) and allowing curing times of 7-45 days. The results showed that maximum dry density decreased and optimum moisture content increased with higher lime content and longer curing times. Unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus increased significantly with 7% lime and a 30 day curing time. Additional tests examined the effect of pH variations (3-9) of pore fluids on shear strength, finding that untreated and lime-treated soils exhibited higher cohesion and friction angles at pH levels of 3
A Study on Strength Properties of Concrete Made with Waste Ready-Mix Concrete...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the strength properties of concrete made with waste ready-mix concrete as coarse aggregate and partial replacement of cement by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Various mixes were designed to replace natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate at percentages of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested to determine the compressive and split tensile strengths of the mixes at 28 days. The results showed that concrete with recycled coarse aggregate and GGBS replacement achieved comparable strength to conventional concrete. Finite element analysis was also conducted to validate the experimental results. The study concludes that waste ready-mix concrete can effectively be used as coarse aggregate in concrete production.
Strength Study of copper slag & Fly Ash With Replacement Of Aggregate's In Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using industrial byproducts like fly ash and copper slag to replace aggregates in concrete for road construction. The study aims to address issues with excessive sand usage by finding sustainable alternatives. Concrete samples of different grades were produced by replacing natural sand with copper slag at varying percentages. The samples were tested for load carrying capacity and flexural strength. The results showed that concrete with 100% copper slag replacement performed similarly to normal concrete, indicating that copper slag can successfully replace sand in concrete for roads. The document also reviews several other studies on using industrial wastes in construction and their findings.
The document summarizes a study that investigated stabilizing clay soil with lime and melon husk ash. Key findings include:
1) The natural clay soil was classified as highly plastic (CH) and had low strength, making it unsuitable for construction without treatment.
2) Chemical analysis found the melon husk ash met requirements to be a pozzolanic material, with high concentrations of aluminum, iron, and silicon oxides.
3) Testing showed that adding both lime and melon husk ash to the clay soil increased its unconfined compressive strength and decreased its permeability compared to the untreated soil. The highest strength was achieved with 6% melon husk ash and 8% lime
This study evaluates the performance of red soil and mixtures of red soil with fly ash, bentonite and kaolinite as landfill liner materials. Permeability tests were conducted on the soil mixtures using leachate collected from a landfill. Batch tests determined adsorption and diffusion coefficients, which were used in POLLUTE modeling software to predict contaminant transport over 5 years. Results showed that red soil mixed with 10% bentonite, having an average permeability of 4.310x10-9 m/s, was an effective clay liner substitute. POLLUTE modeling indicated this mixture could reduce potassium concentrations in leachate from 19,000 mg/L to 0 within 0.6m over 5 years.
Index and engineering properties of spent wash blended soils a comparative s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present era of rapid industrialization and development of infrastructure projects, the natural resources are becoming scarce and hence their cost is increasing alarmingly. For an infrastructural project the soil consumption is very high and also specific soil is to be used for the requirements of its strength, durability etc. Locally available soil is the best option for these projects, if the suitable soil is not nearby it has a stringent effect on overall cost of project. Due to increase of demand for land in urban areas, soils which are weak and not suitable for foundations are to be effectively modified for construction of industries. Hence, there is a need to carryout research for an alternate material which is available in plenty and also gives desired strength upon modifications. There is a growing awareness allover the world about the extensive damage caused by the accumulated industrial wastes at various plants. This paper highlights various issues and scope for utilization of spent wash in engineering practice. This paper presents the results of index and engineering properties of blended soils. Studies are carried out by varying soil gradation, spent wash content under different curing time periods. For study two types of soils are taken and their properties are studied up on addition of 25% spent wash maintaining different curing periods of 2, 4 and 6 weeks. It was observed that spent wash is effective in reducing plasticity characteristics and increasing engineering properties namely, dry density and the unconfined strength of soil and reducing Optimum moisture content Index Terms: Effluent, Tropical, spentwash, blended
Index and engineering properties of spent wash blended soils a comparative s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET-Improvement of Geotechnical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste using GGBSIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) on soil properties at a landfill site in Kannahalli, India. Soil samples were collected from locations below the landfill and 90 feet away. Chemical and geotechnical tests were conducted on the samples. Results showed higher alkalinity, BOD, and COD in contaminated soil compared to uncontaminated soil. Contaminated soil had lower dry density, higher optimum moisture content, and lower strength than uncontaminated soil. The contaminated soil was then stabilized by adding 5%, 10%, and 15% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Tests showed strength and density increased with higher GGBS
Removal of Heavy Metals from Textile Mill Wastewater by Soil Aquifer Treatmen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the removal of heavy metals like zinc and chromium from textile mill wastewater using a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system with and without an adsorbent. The study used clayey sand and silty sand soils in columns with and without layers of peepal leaf powder adsorbent. Results found that the SAT system alone removed 84% of zinc and 80% of chromium from wastewater using clayey sand, and 82% and 77% respectively using silty sand. With the addition of peepal leaf adsorbent, removal efficiencies increased to 98% for zinc and 97% for chromium in clayey sand, and 96% and 95% respectively in silty
Studies on chemical and geotechnical properties of marine sandIAEME Publication
1. The document analyzes the chemical and geotechnical properties of marine sand collected from two trial pits near Mypadu Beach in Nellore District, India.
2. Laboratory tests found the sand samples to be alkaline with a pH greater than 8.5. Grain size analysis showed the sand consisted of more than 98% particles between 0.075-1.18mm, making it non-cohesive.
3. Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content varied between the two pits, ranging from 16.29-16.68 kN/m3 and 15.48-15.62% respectively. Ultimate bearing capacity was determined to be 190-200 kN/m2 with a safe
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study on Agro Waste based on Mud BlockIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength and durability of agro-waste based mud blocks. Various ashes including bagasse ash, rice husk ash, and groundnut shell ash were used to stabilize soil in different percentages for producing blocks. The physical and chemical properties of the soils and ashes were determined. Mud blocks of size 240x240x100mm were prepared by compressing mixtures of soil, ashes, and cement. The blocks were cured for 21 days and then tested for compressive strength and water absorption. Test results found that compressive strength increased with higher percentages of different ashes. Blocks mixed with ashes also showed improved water exclusion. Stabilizing soil with agro-waste ashes can enhance soil properties and
Behaviour of Locally Available Clay modified using Blood Clamshell Powder and...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined stabilizing locally available clay using blood clamshell powder and wheat straw. Standard proctor compaction tests and unconfined compression strength tests were conducted on clay samples with varying proportions of the additives (0-10% clamshell powder and 0-2% wheat straw) to determine their optimum percentages. The results showed that adding 5% clamshell powder and 1% wheat straw increased the unconfined compressive strength of the clay the most. Using these local waste materials as additives improved the engineering properties of the clay in a more economical and environmentally friendly way than commercial stabilizers.
This document evaluates the hydraulic conductivity of a marble dust-soil composite. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the index properties and compaction characteristics of a clayey soil treated with 0-20% marble dust. Hydraulic conductivity tests using a consolidometer found that permeability decreased with up to 12.5% marble dust addition and remained constant thereafter. Permeability also decreased with higher compaction moisture content. Based on the results, 25% marble dust addition was proposed to satisfy the regulatory permeability requirement of ≤ 1 x 10-9 m/s for landfill liner materials.
IRJET=-Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Leachate on the Strength of Compacted ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate on the strength of compacted tropical soil intended for use as a landfill liner. Specimens of a clayey tropical soil were compacted using three different compactive efforts and permeated with MSW leachate for periods up to 120 days. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests showed that the strength of the compacted soil generally decreased with increasing permeation period, due to an increase in clay-size particles that lowered friction between particles. UCS values greater than 200 kN/m2 (the minimum required for landfill liners) were recorded for permeation periods up to 42 days for
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Marine Sand as Partial Replacement of ...IJERA Editor
The process of depleting sources of natural aggregates challenges the production of technically and
environmentally adequate concrete. Alternative material from marine sources is good enough for the
replacement of fine aggregate in the concrete. The material was stockpiled in the open air and no washing,
drying or decontamination process was carried out. Physical and chemical properties of DMS material were
determined. All the materials used in the concrete were selected and tested as per the standard procedures of the
Indian standards. A unique design mix will be done based on the entire material test results. Different mixtures
were produced using DMS in different proportions from 15% to 100% as per the finalized trial of the design
mix. The concrete were submitted to compressive strength testsafter 7, 28 and 90 days of moist curing, as well
as flexure and splitting tensile strength tests for M-25 grade.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Marine Sand as Partial Replacement of ...IJERA Editor
The process of depleting sources of natural aggregates challenges the production of technically and
environmentally adequate concrete. Alternative material from marine sources is good enough for the
replacement of fine aggregate in the concrete. The material was stockpiled in the open air and no washing,
drying or decontamination process was carried out. Physical and chemical properties of DMS material were
determined. All the materials used in the concrete were selected and tested as per the standard procedures of the
Indian standards. A unique design mix will be done based on the entire material test results. Different mixtures
were produced using DMS in different proportions from 15% to 100% as per the finalized trial of the design
mix. The concrete were submitted to compressive strength testsafter 7, 28 and 90 days of moist curing, as well
as flexure and splitting tensile strength tests for M-25 grade.
SOIL STABILIZATION USING BONE ASH AND SILICA FUMEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using bone ash and silica fume. The study investigated how adding these materials affected key engineering properties of clayey soil. Tests found that adding up to 6% bone ash and 20% silica fume increased the soil's maximum dry density, CBR value, and unconfined compressive strength, while decreasing the liquid limit and increasing the plastic limit. The results indicate that bone ash and silica fume can effectively improve the engineering behavior of expansive clayey soils when used as additives.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.